Work in the most disadvantaged regions must start by promoting Human and Sustainable Development. It is the best way to achieve progress in societies"

In order to achieve a development of societies focused on sustainability, it is necessary to achieve important changes in political and strategic, relational, internal organization and intervention aspects. This type of development proposes a new approach to development, taking into account the values, principles and norms of sustainable development to look at social, political, economic and cultural reality 

Development cooperation has been changing in its objectives, approach, methods and strategies, in search of a greater impact on the transformation of reality. In addition, it has become a professional sector that bases its actions on scientific models for understanding development that have been proposed over time. Today, development cooperation cannot be understood without a model based on sustainability. For this reason, this Postgraduate diploma is designed mainly for doctors who wish to develop their work in the field of international cooperation, through work in NGOs or humanitarian and international aid organizations, with the aim of increasing the training of these professionals, so that they can contribute their knowledge in this field

This program combines basic knowledge in international cooperation and development applied to the field of medicine, tools that allow the development worker to seek to improve the performance of their functions in those areas that people and communities demand, guide them to change and focus them on the present situation through the tools and resources of cooperation 

In addition, as it is a 100% online program, the physician will be able to combine the study of this very complete Postgraduate diploma with the rest of their daily obligations, choosing at all times where and when to study. A high-level qualification that will take the medical professional to the highest level in their field of practice

Promoting human development and sustainability is fundamental to achieving development that benefits all people” 

This Postgraduate diploma in Human and Sustainable Development contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include: 

• Practical cases presented by experts in International Development Cooperation
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• New developments on Human and Sustainable Development
• Practical exercises where the self-assessment process can be carried out to improve learning
• Emphasis on innovative methodologies in International Development Cooperation
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Access to content from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

This Postgraduate diploma is the best investment you can make when selecting a refresher program, for two reasons: in addition to updating your knowledge in Human and Sustainable Development, you will obtain a qualification from the leading online university in Spanish: TECH”

The program’s teaching staff includes professionals from the sector who contribute their work experience to this training program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities 

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive training programmed to train in real situations

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this purpose, you will be assisted by an innovative system of interactive videos made by renowned experts with extensive experience in therapeutic personal training  

You will become familiar with the international development cooperation tools, as well as the types of projects and NGOs that exist for the medical profession"

You will master the concepts of sustainable development and master the SDGs of the 2030 Agenda to meet its goals and objectives"

The syllabus of this program has been designed based on the knowledge and needs of medicine applied to the knowledge of Human and Sustainable Development pathways. To this end, the modules of the program follow the guidelines proposed by the teaching team who have poured their knowledge and experience into it. Thus, a curriculum has been established whose modules offer a broad perspective of the profession from a global point of view for the sake of its application at an international level, incorporating all the fields of work involved in the development of its functions. A challenge that will lead students to excellence in their work 

Get an insight into social responsibility and its influence on environmental sustainability, the impact of which has an impact on everyone's health and, therefore, on your profession"  

Module 1. The Development of Peoples: Introduction and Challenges 

1.1. Development

1.1.1. Introduction
1.1.2. What Is Meant by Development?
1.1.3. Sociological Theories for Development

1.1.3.1. Development through Modernization
1.1.3.2. Development through Dependency
1.1.3.3. Neoinstitutional Development Theory
1.1.3.4. Development through Democracy
1.1.3.5. Theory of Development through Cultural Identity

1.1.4. Stakeholders Involved in Development

1.1.4.1. Depending on How It Is Channeled, teh Aid Can Be
1.1.4.2. According to their Shape

1.1.5. Poor or Impoverished Countries

1.1.5.1. What Is Meant by Impoverished?

1.1.6. Economic, Social and Sustainable Development
1.1.7. UNDP
1.1.8. Bibliography

1.2. Power, Dynamics and Stakeholders in the International Society

1.2.1. Introduction
1.2.2. Power Elements
1.2.3. The International Society
1.2.4. International Society Models

1.2.4.1. Static
1.2.4.2. Dynamic
1.2.4.3. Global

1.2.5. Characteristics of the International Society

1.2.5.1. It Is a Global Benchmark Company
1.2.5.2. It Is Distinct from the Interstate Society
1.2.5.3. International Society Requires a Relational Dimension
1.2.5.4. International Society Enjoys a Common Order

1.2.6. Social Structure of the Society
1.2.7. Structure of the International Society

1.2.7.1. Spatial Extension
1.2.7.2. Structural Diversity
1.2.7.3. The Cultural Dimension of International Society

1.2.8. Polarization of the International Society

1.2.8.1. Concept

1.2.9. Degree of Institutionalization of the International Society
1.2.10. Bibliography

1.3. Free Trade

1.3.1. Introduction
1.3.2. Unequal Interdependence between Countries
1.3.3. Transnational Companies

1.3.3.1. What Are They?

1.3.4. Current Trade Situation

1.3.4.1. Transnationals and Free Trade

1.3.5. The WTO

1.3.5.1. Concept
1.3.5.2. Brief History
1.3.5.3. The WTO's Activities Are Built Around Three Pillars

1.3.6. Rounds, Conferences and Lobbying
1.3.7. Fair Trade Relations
1.3.8. CONGDE (Spanish coordinator for NGO development activities)

1.3.8.1. CONGDE Proposals

1.3.9. Corporate Social Responsibility
1.3.10. A Global Pact
1.3.11. Fair Trade

1.3.11.1. International Definition

1.3.12. Bibliography

1.4. Sustainable Development and Education

1.4.1. Introduction
1.4.2. Education on Sustainable Development and Education for Sustainable Development

1.4.2.1. Main Differences

1.4.3. Sustainability

1.4.3.1. Concept

1.4.4. Sustainable Development

1.4.4.1. Concept

1.4.5. Components of Sustainable Development
1.4.6. Principles of Sustainable Development
1.4.7. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)

1.4.7.1. Definition

1.4.8. History of Education for Sustainable Development

1.4.8.1. Concept

1.4.9. Redirect Education

1.4.10. Guidelines for Sustainable Development
1.4.11. Bibliography

1.5. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

1.5.1. Introduction
1.5.2. Millennium Development Goals

1.5.2.1. Medical History

1.5.3. Millennium Campaign
1.5.4. MDG Results
1.5.5. Sustainable Development Goals

1.5.5.1. Definition
1.5.5.2. Who Is Involved?

1.5.6. What Are the SDGs?

1.5.6.1. Features

1.5.7. Differences between the MDGs and the SDGs
1.5.8. Sustainable Development Agenda

1.5.8.1. The 2030 Agenda
1.5.8.2. Are the SDGs Legally Binding?

1.5.9. Monitoring the Achievement of the SDGs
1.5.10. Bibliography

1.6. Theories about Sustainable Development

1.6.1. Introduction
1.6.2. Development Participants
1.6.3. Issues in Education for Sustainable Development

1.6.3.1. Skills

1.6.4. The UN and Its Development Work

1.6.4.1. The History of the UN
1.6.4.2. The UN and Sustainability

1.6.5. Agenda 21: UN Agenda 21

1.6.5.1. Objectives of Agenda 21

1.6.6. UNDP

1.6.6.1. History of UNDP
1.6.6.2. UNDP Goals

1.6.7. Other Theories to Support Sustainable Development

1.6.7.1. Degrowth

1.6.8. Alternative Theories to Sustainable Development

1.6.8.1. Ecodevelopment

1.6.9. Bibliography

1.7. Civil Society, Social Movements and Transformation Processes

1.7.1. Introduction
1.7.2. Concept of Social Movement
1.7.3. Goals of Social Movements
1.7.4. Structure of Social Movements
1.7.5. Definitions of Leading Authors
1.7.6. Collective Challenge
1.7.7. The Search for a Common Goal
1.7.8. Evolution of Social Movements
1.7.9. Participation and Consolidation of Democracy
1.7.10. Most Important Social Movements in Recent Years in Europe
1.7.11. Bibliography

1.8. Participatory Community Development

1.8.1. Introduction
1.8.2. Community

1.8.2.1. On Whom Does the Success of a Community Depend?

1.8.3. Concept of Participatory
1.8.4. Community Development Concept
1.8.5. Defining Features of Community Development
1.8.6. Processes to Achieve Community Development

1.8.6.1. Participatory Diagnosis
1.8.6.2. Development Plan
1.8.6.3. Participatory Planning
1.8.6.4. Community Development Plan

1.8.7. Twelve Lessons in Participatory Community Development
1.8.8. Key Stakeholders
1.8.9. Bibliography

1.9. Human Development Index

1.9.1. Introduction
1.9.2. Human Development Index

1.9.2.1. IDH Principles
1.9.2.2. HDI Goals
1.9.2.3. Limitations of an HDI
1.9.2.4. Types of Indicators

1.9.3. Human Development Features
1.9.4. Methodology for Calculating the HDI
1.9.5. Others Human Development Indexes

1.9.5.1. Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index
1.9.5.2. Gender Inequality Index
1.9.5.3. Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

1.9.6. UNDP - United Nations Development Program
1.9.7. Conclusions
1.9.8. Bibliography

1.10. Local Associations for Development

1.10.1. Introduction
1.10.2. What Is a NGDO?
1.10.3. State Development Movements
1.10.4. Zero Poverty

1.10.4.1. Objectives
1.10.4.2. Action Strategy
1.10.4.3. Member Organizations

1.10.5. NGDO Coordinator Spain

1.10.5.1. Objective
1.10.5.2. Strategic Plan
1.10.5.3. Strategic Lines of Action

1.10.6. Automatic Coordinators
1.10.7. Social Action Groups
1.10.8. Bibliography

Module 2. International Development Cooperation 

2.1. International Development Cooperation

2.1.1. Introduction
2.1.2. What Is the International Development Cooperation?

2.1.2.1. Definition and Concept

2.1.3. What Is International Development Cooperation for?

2.1.3.1. Goals/Purpose

2.1.4. Goals of the Spanish International Development Cooperation
2.1.5. Evolution of the Spanish International Development Cooperation
2.1.6. International Cooperation Systems

2.1.6.1. Origin and Historical Evolution

2.1.7. Europe's Reconstruction Plans in the Bipolar Conflict
2.1.8. The Processes of Decolonization in the Post-war Years

2.1.8.1. Sources

2.1.9. Crisis of the International Development Cooperation

2.1.9.1. Factors

2.1.10. Changes in the Conception of International Development Cooperation

2.2. Modalities and Instruments of International Development Cooperation

2.2.1. Introduction
2.2.2. Main Tools of International Development Cooperation

2.2.2.1. Development co-operation
2.2.2.2. Education for Development
2.2.2.3. Technical Assistance, Training and Research
2.2.2.4. Humanitarian Action

2.2.3. Other Cooperation Tools

2.2.3.1. Economic Cooperation
2.2.3.2. Financial Help
2.2.3.3. Scientific and Technological Cooperation
2.2.3.4. Food Aid

2.2.4. Modalities of the International Development Cooperation

2.2.4.1. According to the Stakeholders Channelling the Funds

2.2.5. Types of Modalities

2.2.5.1. Modality According to the Origin of the Funds

2.2.6. Types of Aid According to the Stakeholders Channelling International Development Cooperation Funds

2.2.6.1. Bilateral
2.2.6.2. Multilateral
2.2.6.3. Decentralized Cooperation
2.2.6.4. Non-Governmental Cooperation
2.2.6.5. Business Cooperation

2.2.7. According to the Geopolitical Situation and Level of Development of Donor and Recipient Countries
2.2.8. Depending on the Existence or Non-Existence of Limitations on the Application of Funds
2.2.9. Other Cooperation Tools Co-Development

2.2.9.1. Co-Development Interventions

2.2.10. Bibliography

2.3. Multilateral Organizations

2.3.1. The International Development Cooperation System
2.3.2. International Development Cooperation Stakeholders
2.3.3. Stakeholders in the Official Development Assistance System
2.3.4. Definitions of Relevant International Organizations (IOs)
2.3.5. Characteristics of International Organizations

2.3.5.1. Types of International Organisations

2.3.6. Advantages of Multilateral Cooperation
2.3.7. Contributions of International Organizations to the Multilateral System
2.3.8. Multilateral Financial Institutions (MFIs)

2.3.8.1. Characteristics of MFIs
2.3.8.2. Composition of MFIs
2.3.8.3. Types of MFIs

2.3.9. Bibliography

2.4. Sources of International Development Cooperation

2.4.1. Introduction
2.4.2. Difference between Governmental and Non-Governmental Cooperation
2.4.3. Multilateral Financial Institutions
2.4.4. The International Monetary Fund
2.4.5. United States Agency for International Development USAID

2.4.5.1. Who Are They?
2.4.5.2. The History of USAID
2.4.5.3. Intervention Sectors

2.4.6. The European Union

2.4.6.1. Objectives of the EU
2.4.6.2. General Objectives of EU External Action

2.4.7. Non-Financial Multilateral Institutions

2.4.7.1. List of Non-Financial Multilateral Institutions
2.4.7.2. Actions of Multilateral Institutions
2.4.7.3. Non-Financial

2.4.8. United Nations Organization
2.4.9. Bibliography

2.5. Spanish Cooperation Master Plan 2018-2021

2.5.1. Introduction
2.5.2. Action and Management Challenges for Spanish Cooperation
2.5.3. What Is a Master Plan?

2.5.3.1. Spanish Cooperation Master Plan
2.5.3.2. Fields Composing the Fifth Spanish Cooperation Master Plan

2.5.4. Goals of the Master Plan

2.5.4.1. Goals of the Fifth Master Plan of the Spanish Cooperation

2.5.5. Geographic Priorities for Action under the Master Plan of the Spanish Cooperation
2.5.6. The 2030 Agenda

2.5.6.1. What Is Agenda 2030?
2.5.6.2. Development of Agenda 2030
2.5.6.3. General Specifications
2.5.6.4. Implementation of Agenda 2030

2.5.7. Bibliography

2.6. Humanitarian Action

2.6.1. Introduction
2.6.2. Humanitarian Aid in the International Context
2.6.3. Tendencies in Humanitarian Action
2.6.4. Main Goals of Humanitarian Action
2.6.5. First Strategy for Humanitarian Action in Spanish Cooperation
2.6.6. Spanish Agency of International Cooperation for Development and Humanitarian Action
2.6.7. The Financing of Humanitarian Action and Its Evolution
2.6.8. Principles of International Human Rights Law and Humanitarian Action
2.6.9. Summary
2.6.10. Bibliography

2.7. Gender Approach in International Development Cooperation

2.7.1. Introduction
2.7.2. What Is the Gender Approach?
2.7.3. Why Is It Important to Incorporate the Gender Approach in Development Processes?
2.7.4. Gender Approaches in International Development Cooperation
2.7.5. Strategic Lines of Work on the Gender Approach in International Development Cooperation
2.7.6. Objectives of the Fifth Master Plan for Spanish Cooperation Regarding the Promotion of Men's and Women's Rights and Opportunities
2.7.7. Priority Equality Goals in the Spanish Development Cooperation
2.7.8. Sectoral Gender Strategy in Spanish Development Cooperation
2.7.9. Gender Mainstreaming Guide
2.7.10. Bibliography

2.8. Focus on Human Rights In International Development Cooperation

2.8.1. Introduction
2.8.2. Human rights
2.8.3. Human Rights Approach to Development Cooperation
2.8.4. How the Human Rights Approach Emerged
2.8.5. Elements Provided by the Human Rights Approach to International Development Cooperation

2.8.5.1. New Frame of Reference: International Human Rights Standards
2.8.5.2. New Look at Capacity Building
2.8.5.3. Participation in Public Policy
2.8.5.4. Accountability

2.8.6. Challenges of the Human Rights Approach in Development Cooperation Interventions
2.8.7. Challenges in Project Identification and Formulation
2.8.8. Challenges in Project Execution
2.8.9. Challenges in Project Monitoring and Assessment
2.8.10. Bibliography

2.9. Human Mobility and Migration

2.9.1. Introduction
2.9.2. Migration

2.9.2.1. First Human Movements
2.9.2.2. Types of Migrations
2.9.2.3. Causes of Migrations

2.9.3. Migratory Processes in the Era of Globalization

2.9.3.1. Improved Living Conditions
2.9.3.2. Vulnerability and Migration

2.9.4. Human Safety and Conflict
2.9.5. Challenges of the International Asylum System
2.9.6. The OHCHR
2.9.7. Human Rights Based Migration Strategy
2.9.8. Bibliography

Module 3. Education for Human and Sustainable Development

3.1. Education for Human and Sustainable Development

3.1.1. Introduction
3.1.2. Economic, Social and Sustainable Growth
3.1.3. Sustainable Development, Sustainability and Education
3.1.4. Education on Sustainable Development and Education for Sustainable Development

3.1.4.1. Main Differences:
3.1.4.2. Sustainability
3.1.4.3. Sustainable Development

3.1.5. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
3.1.6. Bibliography

3.2. Development Education and Its Evolution

3.2.1. Introduction
3.2.2. Development Education Goals

3.2.2.1. Purpose of Development Education Activities
3.2.2.2. Purpose of Development Education

3.2.3. Dimensions of Development Education
3.2.4. The History of Development Education
3.2.5. Redirect Education
3.2.6. Guidelines for Sustainable Development
3.2.7. Exercises to Introduce the Concept of Sustainable Development

3.2.7.1. Take Everything Today or Everyone Takes All the Time
3.2.7.2. Take Everything Today or Everyone Takes All the Time (II)
3.2.7.3. Observations on the Game: Take Everything Today or Everyone Takes All the Time (II)

3.2.8. Bibliography

3.3. Development Education Intervention Strategies

3.3.1. Formal, Non-Formal and Informal Education
3.3.2. Redirect Education
3.3.3. Components of Education for Sustainable Development
3.3.4. Guidelines for Sustainable Development
3.3.5. Problems.
3.3.6. Framework for Teaching or Discussing Environmental Issues
3.3.7. Skills
3.3.8. Perspectives
3.3.9. Bibliography

3.4. Challenges of Development Education in Spain and in the World

3.4.1. Introduction
3.4.2. Components of ESD (Education for Sustainable Development)

3.4.2.1. Values

3.4.3. Challenges and Barriers for ESD

3.4.3.1. Challenges Faced by ESD

3.4.4. Bibliography

3.5. Education, Participation and Social Transformation

3.5.1. Introduction

3.5.1.1. The Administration During Change

3.5.2. Process to Generate Change

3.5.2.1. Make the Decision to Act
3.5.2.2. Support Your Decision with a Reason
3.5.2.3. Prepare a Communication Strategy to Share Your Vision with Stakeholders and the Community
3.5.2.4. Prepare Final and Intermediate Goals
3.5.2.5. Establish Programmatic Assessment Methods and Responsibilities
3.5.2.6. Review and Revise Final and Interim Goals
3.5.2.7. Rewards and Celebrations

3.5.3. Exercises to Create Community Sustainability Goals through Public Participation

3.5.3.1. Know Your Neighbours
3.5.3.2. Generate Consensus
3.5.3.3. Your Community through a Sustainability Lens

3.5.4. Bibliography

3.6. Stakeholders of Development Education

3.6.1. Introduction
3.6.2. Stakeholders: General State Administration
3.6.3. Stakeholders: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation: Secretary of State for International Cooperation and Ibero-America and the Caribbean (SSICIAC)
3.6.4. Stakeholders: Ministry of Education and Science
3.6.5. Other Ministries:
3.6.6. Cooperation Council
3.6.7. NGDO
3.6.8. Stakeholders: Coordination of Non-Governmental Development Organizations of Spain (CONGDE)
3.6.9. Stakeholders: European Space
3.6.10. Other Stakeholders:

3.6.10.1. Media
3.6.10.2. Networks, Associations and Social Movements

3.6.11. Stakeholders: Universities
3.6.12. Bibliography

3.7. Education for Development in the Formal, Non-Formal and Informal Spheres

3.7.1. Redirecting Existing Education

3.7.1.1. Points to Consider
3.7.1.2. Education as a Great Hope for a Sustainable Future

3.7.2. The Story of Professor Mafalda

3.7.2.1. Context
3.7.2.2. Structure
3.7.2.3. Attributes of Global Citizenship
3.7.2.4. Practical Recommendations According to Some Determining Factors

3.7.3. Bibliography

3.8. Comparative Development Education Strategy of the Cooperation

3.8.1. Introduction
3.8.2. Concept of Non-Formal Education
3.8.3. EPD Activities in Non-Formal Education
3.8.4. Informal Education
3.8.5. Areas in Informal Education

3.8.5.1. Media
3.8.5.2. Advocacy Awareness Campaigns
3.8.5.3. Studies, Research and Publications
3.8.5.4. Internet and Social Networks

3.8.6. Recommendations
3.8.7. Bibliography

3.9. Development Education Action Areas According to the Cooperation Master Plan

3.9.1. Introduction
3.9.2. Education Strategy for the Development of the Fifth Master Plan of the Spanish Cooperation
3.9.3. Objectives of the Master Plan for Development Education
3.9.4. Sectoral Strategies of the Master Plan for Development Education

3.9.4.1. PAS
3.9.4.2. Strategies

3.9.5. AECID's Strategic Lines for Development Education
3.9.6. Generation of Global Citizenship on Social Networks
3.9.7. Bibliography

3.10. Development Education Projects Worldwide

3.10.1. Introduction
3.10.2. Social Economy "Zafra Local" of the NGDO, Páramo Movement, Cooperation and Development

3.10.2.1. What Is This Project Based On?
3.10.2.2. Project Objectives
3.10.2.3. Local Currency as the Backbone of the Project
3.10.2.4. Examples in Spain
3.10.2.5. Examples in Europe
3.10.2.6. Two Formats
3.10.2.7. Currency to Support Local Commerce
3.10.2.8. Currency to Favor Local Commerce
3.10.2.9. Solidarity Currency
3.10.2.10. Fair Currency
3.10.2.11. Participatory Process

3.10.3. Bibliography

Module 4. Humanitarian Action and International Development Cooperation

4.1. Humanitarian Action

4.1.1. Introduction
4.1.2. What Is Humanitarian Action

4.1.2.1. Concepts/Definition

4.1.3. Definition of Humanitarian
4.1.4. What Humanitarian Aid Is for
4.1.5. Goals of Humanitarian Action
4.1.6. Beneficiaries of Humanitarian Action
4.1.7. The Concept of Aid
4.1.8. Emergency Aid

4.1.8.1. Lines of Action for Emergency Aid

4.1.9. Humanitarian Aid

4.1.9.1. Differences between Humanitarian Aid and Humanitarian Action

4.1.10. Conclusions
4.1.11. Bibliography

4.2. Humanitarian Action and International Development Cooperation

4.2.1. Introduction
4.2.2. History of Humanitarian Action

4.2.2.1. Modern Humanitarianism
4.2.2.2. Evolution

4.2.3. Ethical and Operational Principles of Humanitarian Action
4.2.4. Humanitarian Principles

4.2.4.1. Dilemmas that Contribute

4.2.5. Humanity

4.2.5.1. Definitions and Dilemmas

4.2.6. Impartiality

4.2.6.1. Definitions and Dilemmas

4.2.7. Neutrality

4.2.7.1. Definitions and Dilemmas

4.2.8. Independence

4.2.8.1. Definitions and Dilemmas

4.2.9. Universality

4.2.9.1. Definitions and Dilemmas

4.2.10. Conclusions
4.2.11. Bibliography

4.3. Contents and Specific Objectives of Humanitarian Action (I)

4.3.1. Introduction
4.3.2. Humanitarian Action and Development Cooperation

4.3.2.1. Classical Humanitarianism and New Humanitarianism
4.3.2.2. Linking Emergency and Development

4.3.3. LRRD Approach

4.3.3.1. Concept of Continuum and Contiguum

4.3.4. Humanitarian Action and LRRD
4.3.5. Preparedness, Mitigation and Prevention
4.3.6. Reducing Vulnerabilities and Strengthening Capacities
4.3.7. Bibliography

4.4. Contents and Specific Objectives of Humanitarian Action (II)

4.4.1. Victim Protection

4.4.1.1. The Right to Asylum and Refuge
4.4.1.2. Humanitarian Interference

4.4.2. International Supervision/Monitoring of Compliance
4.4.3. Witnessing and Reporting Human Rights Violations
4.4.4. Lobbying of NGOs

4.4.4.1. International Accompaniment and Presence

4.4.5. High-Level Political Action
4.4.6. Code of Conduct
4.4.7. ESFERA Project

4.4.7.1. The Humanitarian Charter
4.4.7.2. Minimum Standards
4.4.7.3. The Essential Humanitarian Standard
4.4.7.4. Assessment of Humanitarian Action
4.4.7.5. Why Assess Humanitarian Action?

4.4.8. Bibliography

4.5. Stakeholders in Humanitarian Action

4.5.1. Introduction
4.5.2. What Are the Stakeholders in Humanitarian Action?
4.5.3. The Affected Population
4.5.4. The Affected Governments
4.5.5. NGOs
4.5.6. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
4.5.7. Donor Governments
4.5.8. UN Humanitarian Agencies
4.5.9. The European Union
4.5.10. Other Stakeholders:

4.5.10.1. Private Sector Entities
4.5.10.2. Media
4.5.10.3. Military Forces

4.5.11. Bibliography

4.6. Main Challenges for Stakeholders and Humanitarian Action

4.6.1. Introduction
4.6.2. The World Humanitarian Summit

4.6.2.1. The Agenda for Humanity

4.6.3. The Main Reasons to Look to the Future
4.6.4. Increase the Weight and Capacity of Local Stakeholders

4.6.4.1. Charter for Change

4.6.5. Organizational Challenges for NGOs at the International Level
4.6.6. The Need for the United Nations to Consider Humanitarian Issues as a Global Issue
4.6.7. Bibliography

4.7. OCHA The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

4.7.1. Objectives
4.7.2. United Nations
4.7.3. The UN and Humanitarian Action
4.7.4. The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA

4.7.4.1. The Origin of the OCHA
4.7.4.2. The Evolution of OCHA
4.7.4.3. The 2005 Humanitarian Reform
4.7.4.4. The Cluster Approach
4.7.4.5. OCHA's Coordination Tools
4.7.4.6. The Mission of OCHA
4.7.4.7. OCHA Strategic Plan 2018-2021

4.7.5. Bibliography

4.8. The Office for Humanitarian Action OHA

4.8.1. Objectives
4.8.2. Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID)
4.8.3. Spanish Humanitarian Action
4.8.4. AECID and the Office for Humanitarian Action (OHA)
4.8.5. The Office for Humanitarian Action (OHA)

4.8.5.1. The Objectives and Functions of OHA
4.8.5.2. OHA Financing

4.8.6. Bibliography

4.9. Comparative of Humanitarian Action Strategies for Development

4.9.1. Objectives
4.9.2. Introduction
4.9.3. Spain's Participation in the World Humanitarian Summit

4.9.3.1. Summit Trends for AECID's Office of Humanitarian Action

4.9.4. The Fifth Master Plan for Spanish Cooperation 2018-2021
4.9.5. The START (Spanish Technical Aid Response Team) Project

4.9.5.1. Objectives and Purpose of the START Project
4.9.5.2. The START Project Team

4.9.6. Conclusion
4.9.7. Bibliography

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