Advance your professional career and be part of the veterinary clinical development to enhance patient care through Internship Program in prestigious centers”

The growing need for veterinary clinics to have specialists who are experts in the specificities of Internal Medicine has led to a higher level of education for veterinary graduates to become more competitive in the labor market. These specialists must be aware of the latest technological advances in medicine to optimize veterinary services and increase the longevity of patients.

For this reason, TECH offers a comprehensive and rigorous program aimed at bringing all the latest developments in Small Animal Internal Medicine to specialists. Thanks to this, students will delve into procedures in different clinical situations, complete ophthalmological examination techniques, the structure and physiology of the skin and its appendages, the overall training of animals in animal-assisted interventions (AAI), as well as the assessment of animals as co-therapists, in addition to small animal-assisted therapy and its effective application.

This qualification will not only provide specialists with all the tools for an optimal and dynamic understanding of the subject but also offer them a 3-week Internship Program in prestigious centers. Firstly, the theoretical period consists of 100% online learning, allowing professionals to adapt their study to the time and place they need. It is also supported by downloadable audiovisual content to make the study a dynamic process based on innovative pedagogical techniques such as the

Relearning methodology, which exempts specialists from long hours of memorization, as it is a progressive and straightforward study method.
The Internship Program consists of a 3-week veterinary hospital stay where specialists will benefit from individualized tutoring by associate veterinarians. Both the veterinary center staff and the teaching team providing the theoretical content will be available to guide students effectively. Additionally, they will share their work experience to advance the careers of veterinarians who prepare intellectually and practically with this Hybrid professional master’s degree.

Increase your ability to recognize pathologies associated with the biological cycle and transmission of infectious diseases in felines and canines"

This Hybrid professional master’s degree in Small Animal Internal Medicine contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include: 

• Development of over 100 clinical cases presented by veterinary professionals who are experts in small animal care and experienced university professors in critical patient care
• Its graphic, schematic, and highly practical content, are designed to provide scientific and healthcare information on essential medical disciplines for professional practice
• Analysis of digestive and respiratory parasitic diseases, as well as assay of Leishmania and assessment of filaria and parasitic diseases
• Hematological practice, analysis of biochemical markers, and electrolyte assessment
• All of this will be complemented by theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection
• Furthermore, you will have the opportunity to complete a clinical internship at one of the best veterinary centers

This Hybrid professional master’s degree will complement your knowledge in internal medicine and with it you will learn the development of protocols for monitoring and management of stable and critical patients"

This Master’s Degree program, which has a professionalizing nature and a hybrid learning modality, is aimed at updating veterinary professionals who perform their functions in aesthetic units, and who require a high level of qualification. The contents are based on the latest scientific evidence, and oriented in an educational way to integrate theoretical knowledge into veterinary internship, and the theoretical-practical elements will facilitate the up-to-date knowledge and will allow decision-making in patient management.

Thanks to their multimedia content developed with the latest educational technology, they will allow the veterinary professional to learn in a contextual and situated learning environment, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive learning programmed to train in real situations. This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this purpose, students will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.

Expand your knowledge in animal oncology and learn through case studies with this Hybrid Professional Master’s Degree, which will provide you with essential knowledge to apply in your daily practice"

Increase the longevity of small animals by projecting your clinical intervention skills through an intensive 3-week internship in a prestigious center"

The syllabus of this Hybrid professional master’s degree in Small Animal Internal Medicine has been designed so that learning is progressive and tailored to the needs of the students. From the first theoretical module, specialists will be able to delve into the physiology of the cardiovascular system, the respiratory system, and the physiology of heart failure, as well as physical examination and pulmonary auscultation. And through the practical period, students will enhance their skills in the work area in order to apply their clinical abilities in their own veterinary center.

It is part of the clinical development of dogs and cats with a total update of veterinary care techniques, implementing innovative emergency protocols”

Module 1. Cardiorespiratory Disorders

1.1. Cardiorespiratory Physiology

1.1.1. Cardiovascular System Physiology
1.1.2. Physiology of the Respiratory System
1.1.3. Pathophysiology of Cardiac Failure

1.2. Cardiorespiratory System Examination

1.2.1. Anamnesis and Physical Examination
1.2.2. Femoral Pulse Palpation
1.2.3. Respiratory Pattern
1.2.4. Cardiac Auscultation
1.2.5. Pulmonary auscultation

1.3. Thoracic Radiography

1.3.1. Basics of Thoracic Radiology
1.3.2. Interstitial Pattern
1.3.3. Alveolar Pattern
1.3.4. Bronchial Pattern
1.3.5. Vascular and Mixed Pattern
1.3.6. Cardiac Silhouette Assessment
1.3.7. VHS, VLAS and other Cardiac Measurements in Thoracic Radiography

1.4. Electrocardiography

1.4.1. Guidelines for Electrocardiographic Interpretation
1.4.2. Tachyarrhythmias
1.4.3. Bradyarrhythmias and Conduction Disturbances

1.5. Echocardiography

1.5.1. Fundamentals of Echocardiography
1.5.2. Echocardiographic Anatomy (B-mode and M-mode)
1.5.3. Pulsed, Continuous, Color, and Tissue Doppler

1.6. Diagnostic Tests of the Respiratory System

1.6.1. Rhinoscopy and Pharyngoscopy
1.6.2. Bronchoscopy.
1.6.3. Pulmonary CT

1.7. Cardiovascular Diseases I

1.7.1. Chronic Degenerative Mitral and Tricuspid Valve Disease
1.7.2. Canine and Feline Dilated Cardiomyopathy
1.7.3. Canine and Feline Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
1.7.4. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
1.7.5. Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

1.8. Cardiovascular Diseases II

1.8.1. Pulmonary Stenosis.
1.8.2. Subaortic Stenosis
1.8.3. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
1.8.4. Valvular Dysplasia
1.8.5. Tetralogy of Fallot
1.8.6. Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension
1.8.7. Management of Congestive Heart Failure

1.9. Respiratory Diseases I

1.9.1. Rhinitis and Brachiocephalic Syndrome
1.9.2. Tracheal Stenosis.
1.9.3. Chronic Bronchitis and Feline Asthma
1.9.4. Pneumonia
1.9.5. Pulmonary Fibrosis
1.9.6. Pulmonary Neoplasms

1.10. Respiratory Diseases II

1.10.1. Diseases of the Pleura and Pleural Space
1.10.2. Dirofilariasis and Pulmonary Thromboembolism
1.10.3. Management Dyspneic Patients

Module 2. Abnormalities in the Digestive System

2.1. Approach to Patients with Vomiting

2.1.1. Pathophysiology of Vomiting
2.1.2. Etiology
2.1.3. Clinical Symptoms
2.1.4. Alterations in Blood Count and Serum Biochemistry
2.1.5. Diagnostic Protocol
2.1.6. Treatment for Vomiting

2.1.6.1. Commercial Diets
2.1.6.2. Antiemetics
2.1.6.3. Gastric Acid Suppressants and Antacids
2.1.6.4. Stomach Mucosal Protectors

2.2. Approach to Patients with Diarrhea

2.2.1. Pathophysiology of Diarrhea
2.2.2. Classification and Etiology
2.2.3. Clinical Symptoms
2.2.4. Differential Diagnosis

2.2.4.1. Acute Diarrhea
2.2.4.2. Chronic Diarrhea

2.3. Common Pathologies of the Oral Cavity and Esophagus

2.3.1. Dysphagia
2.3.2. Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction

2.3.2.1. Cricopharyngeal Achalasia
2.3.2.2. Asynchronous Cricopharyngeal

2.3.3. Regurgitation
2.3.4. Esophageal Pathologies

2.3.4.1. Megaesophagus
2.3.4.2. Oesophagitis
2.3.4.3. Oesophageal Stricture
2.3.4.4. Vascular Anomaly
2.3.4.5. Hiatal Hernia

2.4. Gastric Disorders

2.4.1. Acute Gastritis
2.4.2. Chronic Gastritis
2.4.3. Gastric Ulcers
2.4.4. Foreign Body Obstruction
2.4.5. Neoplasty.

2.5. Small Intestine Diseases

2.5.1. Acute Enteritis
2.5.2. Chronic Intestinal Disease
2.5.3. Protein-Losing Enteropathy
2.5.4. Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth
2.5.5. Neoplasms

2.6. Large Intestinal Diseases

2.6.1. Chronic Diarrhea
2.6.2. Infection by Tritrichomonas Foetus
2.6.3. Constipation in Cats
2.6.4. Ulcerative Histiocytic Colitis
2.6.5. Neoplasms

2.7. Principles of Ultrasound and Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

2.7.1. Two-Dimensional Description of Normal Digestive Structures
2.7.2. Gastroduodenoscopy

2.7.2.1. Patient Preparation
2.7.2.2. Preparation of Material
2.7.2.3. Procedure

2.7.3. Colonoscopy.

2.7.3.1. Patient Preparation
2.7.3.2. Procedure

2.8. Hepatobiliary Diseases I. Hepatopathies in Dogs

2.8.1. Differences in Cats and Dogs
2.8.2. Diagnosis
2.8.3. Supportive therapy
2.8.4. Hepatopathies in Dogs

2.8.4.1. Chronic Hepatitis
2.8.4.2. Leptospirosis.
2.8.4.3. Drug-Associated Hepatopathy or Liver Disease
2.8.4.4. Portal Vein Hypoplasia
2.8.4.5. Portosystemic Shunt.

2.8.4.5.1. Congenital SPS
2.8.4.5.2. Acquired SPS

2.9. Hepatobiliary Diseases II

9.9.1. Hepatopathies in Cats

2.9.1.1. Hepatic Lipidosis
2.9.1.2. Acute Hepatitis
2.9.1.3. Chronic Hepatitis
2.9.1.4. Inmunodeficiencia Felina
2.9.1.5. Hepatic Amyloidosis
2.9.1.6. Drug-Associated Hepatopathy or Liver Disease

2.9.2. Hepatic Neoplasia
2.9.3. Biliary Diseases

2.9.3.1. Biliary Mucocele
2.9.3.2. Neutrophilic Cholangitis
2.9.3.3. Lymphocytic Cholangitis
2.9.3.4. Chronic Cholangitis Associated with Trematodes

2.9.4. Neoplasms of the Gallbladder and Bile Ducts

2.10. Diseases of the Exocrine Pancreas

2.10.1. Pathophysiology
2.10.2. Diagnosis
2.10.3. Acute Pancreatitis
2.10.4. Necrotizing Pancreatitis
2.10.5. Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
2.10.6. Neoplasms

Module 3. Abnormalities in the Genitourinary System

3.1. Urinary Physiology and Clinical Manifestations

3.1.1. Physiology of the Kidney
3.1.2. Polyuria
3.1.3. Stranguria and Dysuria
3.1.4. Incontinence and Urinary Retention
3.1.5. Systemic Hypertension

3.2. Functional Urinary Disorders

3.2.1. Urinalysis
3.2.2. Creatinine and Urea
3.2.3. SDMA
3.2.4. UPC
3.2.5. Urinary Sediments

3.3. Disorders of Upper Tract

3.3.1. Glomerulonephritis
3.3.2. Tubular Disorders
3.3.3. Congenital Kidney Diseases
3.3.4. Ureteral Disorders

3.4. Disorders of Lower Tract

3.4.1. Cystitis
3.4.2. Urolithiasis
3.4.3. Prostate and Urethral Disorders

3.5. Chronic Kidney Disease

3.5.1. Diagnostic Approximation
3.5.2. Treatment
3.5.3. Monitoring and Follow-Up

3.6. Acute Kidney Failure

3.6.1. Diagnostic Approximation
3.6.2. Oliguric, Anuric or Polyuric? How do I differentiate it?
3.6.3. Treatment, Monitoring and Follow-Up

3.7. Physiology and Clinical Manifestations of Reproductive System

3.7.1. Physiology of Genital Apparatus
3.7.2. Clinical Signs Associated with Reproductive System

3.8. Male Genital Apparatus

3.8.1. Genital Examination
3.8.2. Differential of Male Reproductive Diseases
3.8.3. Therapeutic Options and Guidelines

3.9. Females Genital Apparatus

3.9.1. Genital Examination
3.9.2. Differential of Female Reproductive Diseases
3.9.3. Follow-Up of Gestation
3.9.4. Therapeutic Options and Guidelines

3.10. Genitourinary Emergencies

3.10.1. Urinary Obstruction.
3.10.2. Uroabdomen
3.10.3. Pyometra
3.10.4. Prolapse and Paraphimosis

Module 4. Neurology

4.1. Neuroanatomy

4.1.1. CNS
4.1.2. PNS

4.2. Neurological Examination I

4.2.1. State of Mind
4.2.2. Posture and Gait
4.2.3. Cranial Nerve Pairs
4.2.4. Postural Reactions
4.2.5. Spinal Reflexes

4.3. Neurological Examination II

4.3.1. Lower and Upper Motor Neurons
4.3.2. Paresis and Ataxia
4.3.3. Reflex vs. Reaction
4.3.4. Neuro-Ophthalmology I
4.3.5. Neuro-Ophthalmology II

4.4. Location of the Lesion (Neurolocalization)

4.4.1. Where is the Lesion?
4.4.2. Intracranial vs. Extracranial
4.4.3. Intracranial: Anterior Encephalon, Brainstem, Vestibular System and Cerebellum
4.4.4. Extracranial: Spinal Cord, PNS and Muscle

4.5. Differential Diagnosis (Vitamin D)

4.5.1. Vascular
4.5.2. Inflammatory/Infectious
4.5.3. Traumatological/Toxic
4.5.4. Congenital Abnormalities
4.5.5. Metabolic
4.5.6. Idiopathic
4.5.7. Neoplastic
4.5.8. Degenerative

4.6. Diagnostic Techniques

4.6.1. Blood and Urine Tests
4.6.2. Serum Titrations
4.6.3. LCR
4.6.4. Imaging Tests: CXR, CT and MR
4.6.5. Electrodiagnostic Tests

4.7. Epilepsy and Seizures

4.7.1. Introduction and Pathophysiology
4.7.2. Clinical Signs and Classification
4.7.3. Diagnostic Protocol
4.7.4. Crisis Treatment
4.7.5. Status Epilepticus

4.8. Cranioencephalic Trauma

4.8.1. Pathophysiology
4.8.2. Clinical Symptoms
4.8.3. Diagnostic Protocol
4.8.4. Treatment
4.8.5. Prognosis

4.9. Neuromuscular Debility

4.9.1. Botulism
4.9.2. Myasthenia Gravis
4.9.3. Polyradiculoneuritis

4.10. Vestibular Syndrome

4.10.1. Anatomy
4.10.2. Clinical Signs (Central vs. Peripheral)
4.10.3. Vestibular System Pathologies
4.10.4. Diagnosis
4.10.5. Treatment

Module 5. Endocrine System Disorders

5.1. Approach to the Endocrine Patient

5.1.1. Obesity
5.1.2. Polyuria/Polydipsia
5.1.3. Alopecia
5.1.4. Weaknesses
5.1.5. Hyperlipemia

5.2. Pituitary Disorders

5.2.1. Pituitary Dwarfism
5.2.2. Acromegaly.
5.2.3. Diabetes Insipidus

5.3. Thyroid Disorders

5.3.1. Canine Hypothyroidism
5.3.2. Feline Hypothyroidism
5.3.3. Canine Hyperthyroidism
5.3.4. Feline Hyperthyroidism

5.4. Parathyroid Disorders

5.4.1. Canine Hypoparathyroidism and Hypocalcemia
5.4.2. Feline Hypoparathyroidism and Hypocalcemia
5.4.3. Canine Hyperparathyroidism and Hypercalcemia
5.4.4. Feline Hyperparathyroidism and Hypercalcemia

5.5. Pancreatic Disorders

5.5.1. Canine Diabetes Mellitus
5.5.2. Feline Diabetes Mellitus
5.5.3. Insulinoma.
5.5.4. Glucagonoma

5.6. Adrenal Gland Disorders

5.6.1. Hyperadrenocorticism
5.6.2. Hypoadrenocorticism
5.6.3. Hyperaldosteronism
5.6.4. Pheochromocytoma

5.7. Sex Hormone Disorders

5.7.1. Hyperestrogenism in Females
5.7.2. Hyperestrogenism in Males
5.7.3. Other Sex Hormone Disorders

5.8. Diagnostic Approach to Endocrinopathies

5.8.1. Laboratory Tests
5.8.2. Diagnostic Imaging Techniques
5.8.3. Other Tests

5.9. Monitoring and Follow-Up of Endocrinopathies

5.9.1. Diabetic Patient Monitoring
5.9.2. Hypothyroid Patient Monitoring
5.9.3. Hyperthyroid Patient Monitoring
5.9.4. Monitoring of Patients with Hyperadrenocorticism
5.9.5. Monitoring of Patients with Hypoadrenocorticism
5.9.6. Caring for Patients with Parathyroid Alterations

5.10. Emergencies

5.10.1. Diabetic ketoacidosis
5.10.2. Addisonian Crisis
5.10.3. Thyroid Storm

Module 6. Infectious Diseases

6.1. Digestive and Respiratory Parasitic Diseases I

6.1.1. Protozoa

6.1.1.1. Giardiasis
6.1.1.2. Trichomonads
6.1.1.3. Coccidia
6.1.1.4. Toxoplasma

6.2. Digestive and Respiratory Parasitic Diseases II

6.2.1. Nematodes
6.2.2. Cestodes

6.3. Leishmania

6.3.1. Cycle
6.3.2. Diagnosis
6.3.3. Treatment

6.4. Filaria

6.4.1. Cycle
6.4.2. Diagnosis
6.4.3. Treatment

6.5. Parasitic Diseases Transmitted by Ticks

6.5.1. Ehrlichia and Anaplasma
6.5.2. Babesia
6.5.3. Borrelia
6.5.4. Rickettsia

6.6. Viral Diseases in Canines

6.6.1. Parvovirus
6.6.2. Coronavirus
6.6.3. Distemper

6.7. Canine and Feline Bacterial Diseases

6.7.1. Leptospira
6.7.2. Helicobacter and Other Digestive Bacteria
6.7.3. Chlamydia
6.7.4. Mycoplasmas
6.7.5. Bordetella

6.8. Viral Diseases in Felines I

6.8.1. Leukemia
6.8.2. Immunodeficiencies

6.9. Viral Diseases in Felines II

6.9.1. Panleukopenia
6.9.2. Inmunodeficiencia Felina
6.9.3. Calicivirus
6.9.4. Herpesvirus

6.10. External Parasitic Diseases and Emerging Infectious Diseases

6.10.1. External Parasites and Dermatophytes

6.10.1.1. Scabies
6.10.1.2. Fleas
6.10.1.3. Fúngicas

6.10.2. NON-endemic infectious diseases in Spain

Module 7. Ophthalmology

7.1. Anatomy, Physiology and Ophthalmologic Examination

7.1.1. Basic Ocular Anatomy
7.1.2. Physiology of Vision
7.1.3. Ophthalmologic examination

7.2. Associated Ocular Diseases

7.2.1. Orbit
7.2.2. Eyelids
7.2.3. Conjunctiva
7.2.4. Nictitating Membrane
7.2.5. Lacrimal System

7.3. Keratitis

7.3.1. Ulcerative Keratitis

7.3.1.1. Superficial Ulceration
7.3.1.2. Deep Ulceration
7.3.1.3. Descemet Ulcer
7.3.1.4. Corneal Perforation
7.3.1.5. Indolent Ulcer
7.3.1.6. Medical Treatment
7.3.1.7. Surgical Resolution

7.3.2. Non-Ulcerative Keratitis

7.3.2.1. Superficial Keratitis
7.3.2.2. Pigmentary Keratitis
7.3.2.3. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca
7.3.2.4. Feline Eosinophilic Keratitis

7.4. Uveitis I

7.4.1. Pathophysiology of Uveitis
7.4.2. Causes of Uveitis in the Canine Species
7.4.3. Causes of Uveitis in the Feline Species

7.5. Uveitis II

7.5.1. Diagnostic Protocol for Uveitis
7.5.2. Other Systemic Disorders Associated with Uveitis
7.5.3. Treatment for Uveitis

7.6. Diseases of the Crystalline Lens

7.6.1. Anterior Lens Luxation
7.6.2. Posterior Lens Luxation
7.6.3. Cataracts.

7.7. Glaucoma

7.7.1. Introduction
7.7.2. Classification of Glaucoma
7.7.3. Treatment for Glaucoma

7.8. Posterior Segment

7.8.1. Vitreous humor
7.8.2. Retina
7.8.3. Optic Nerve

7.9. Emergencies

7.9.1. Classification
7.9.2. Diagnosis
7.9.3. Treatment

7.10. Therapeutics, Anesthesia and Ocular Ultrasonography

7.10.1. Therapeutics
7.10.2. Anesthesia
7.10.3. Ultrasound

Module 8. Oncology

8.1. Approach to Patients with Cancer

8.1.1. Oncology Patient and Owner
8.1.2. Paraneoplastic Syndromes
8.1.3. Types of Treatment Response

8.2. Diagnosis and Staging of Cancer Patients

8.2.1. Diagnostic Methods
8.2.2. Clinical Staging

8.3. Diagnostic Cytology and Biopsy Collection

8.3.1. Obtaining and Handling Cytological Sample
8.3.2. Cytological Interpretation
8.3.3. Cytology of Inflammatory and Hyperplastic Lesions
8.3.4. Cytology of Neoplasms and Criteria for Malignancy
8.3.5. Tumors of Epithelial Origin
8.3.6. Tumors of Conjunctival Origin
8.3.7. Round Cell Tumours
8.3.8. Biopsy Techniques

8.4. Principles of Anti-Tumor Therapy

8.4.1. Surgery
8.4.2. Indications and Uses of the Chemotherapy
8.4.3. Main Chemotherapeutic Drugs
8.4.4. Dosage, Administration Rates and Development of Resistance
8.4.5. Toxicity for the Patient
8.4.6. Management of Cytotoxic Agents
8.4.7. Metronomic Chemotherapy
8.4.8. Electrochemotherapy
8.4.9. Other Treatment Options I: Radiotherapy
8.4.10. Other Treatment Options II: Immunotherapy

8.5. Soft Tissue Sarcomas: Hemangiosarcoma, VAS

8.5.1. Major Clinical and Pathological Aspects of Hemangiosarcoma
8.5.2. Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Hemangiosarcoma
8.5.3. Feline Hemangiosarcoma
8.5.4. Major Clinical and Pathological Aspects of VAS
8.5.5. Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for VAS

8.6. Skin Neoplasms: Mastocytoma

8.6.1. Major Clinical and Pathological Aspects of Mastocytoma
8.6.2. Histological Grades
8.6.3. Keys to Mastocytoma Diagnosis and Treatment
8.6.4. Feline Mastocytoma

8.7. Breast Neoplasia

8.7.1. Major Clinical and Pathological Aspects in Bitches
8.7.2. Major Clinical and Pathological Aspects in Female Cats
8.7.3. Diagnostic Protocol and Clinical Staging in Bitches
8.7.4. Diagnostic Protocol and Clinical Staging in Female Cats
8.7.5. Treatment Guidelines for Bitches
8.7.6. Treatment Guidelines for Female Cats
8.7.7. Inflammatory Carcinoma

8.8. Hemolymphoid Neoplasms: Leukemia and Lymphoma

8.8.1. Major Clinical and Pathological Aspects of Canine Lymphoma
8.8.2. Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Canine Lymphoma
8.8.3. Major Clinical and Pathological Aspects of Feline Lymphoma
8.8.4. Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Feline Lymphoma
8.8.5. Acute Leukemia: Diagnosis and Treatment
8.8.6. Chronic Leukemia: Diagnosis and Treatment

8.9. Other Major Neoplasms in Dogs and Cats

8.9.1. Osteosarcoma
8.9.2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC)
8.9.3. Melanoma
8.9.4. Gastrointestinal Tumors

8.10. Oncologic Emergencies

8.10.1. Hypercalcemia
8.10.2. Hypoglycemia
8.10.3. Febrile Neutropenia
8.10.4. Tumor Lysis Syndrome
8.10.5. Hyperviscosity Syndrome

Module 9. Dermatology

9.1. Structure and Physiology of the Skin

9.1.1. Functions of the Skin
9.1.2. Skin Anatomy
9.1.3. Skin Appendages

9.2. Dermatologic Lesions

9.2.1. Primary Skin Lesions
9.2.2. Secondary Lesions
9.2.3. Primary and Secondary Injuries

9.3. Diagnostic Testing Based on Type of Lesion

9.3.1. Immediate Interpretation Tests
9.3.2. Late Onset Interpretation Tests
9.3.3. Complementary Tests in Dermatosis with Systemic Involvement

9.4. Lesion Patterns and Differential Diagnosis

9.4.1. Erythematous Pattern
9.4.2. Purpuric Pattern
9.4.3. Macular Pattern
9.4.4. Vesicular Pattern
9.4.5. Pustular Pattern
9.4.6. Papular Pattern
9.4.7. Nodular Pattern
9.4.8. Erosive-Ulcerative Pattern
9.4.9. Alopecic Pattern
9.4.10. Flaking Pattern
9.4.11. Scab Pattern

9.5. Cutaneous Hypersensitivity

9.5.1. Canine Atopic Dermatitis
9.5.2. Feline Atopic Dermatitis.
9.5.3. Contact Dermatitis

9.6. Otitis Externa

9.6.1. Pathophysiology of the Otitis Process
9.6.2. Factors Affecting the Otitis Process
9.6.3. Diagnostic Protocol
9.6.4. Therapeutic Approach

9.7. Pododermatitis

9.7.1. Pododermatitis in Canine Patients
9.7.2. Pododermatitis in Feline Patients
9.7.3. Therapeutic Approach to Pododermatitis

9.8. Skin Infections Caused by Multi-Resistant Microorganisms

9.8.1. Mechanisms for the Development of Multiresistance
9.8.2. Diagnostic Approach to Multi-Resistant Infections
9.8.3. Therapeutic Approach to Multi-Resistant Infections

9.9. Immune-Mediated Dermatoses

9.9.1. Immune-Mediated Dermatoses in Canine Patients
9.9.2. Immune-Mediated Dermatoses in Feline Patients
9.9.3. Diagnostic Protocol
9.9.4. Therapeutic Approach to Immune-Mediated Dermatoses

9.10. Nutritional Dermatoses and Hereditary or Congenital Dermatoses

9.10.1. Nutritional Dermatoses
9.10.2. Hereditary or Congenital Dermatoses
9.10.3. Diagnostic Protocol
9.10.4. Therapeutic Approach

Module 10. Diagnostic Techniques in Internal Medicine

10.1. Hematology

10.1.1. Introduction to the Hematology
10.1.2. Red Series: Anemia and Polycythemia
10.1.3. White Series: Anomalous Leucograms
10.1.4. Platelets

10.2. Coagulation Alterations

10.2.1. Thrombocytopenia and Thrombosis
10.2.2. Thrombasthenia and Von Willebrand's Disease
10.2.3. Coagulation Rates
10.2.4. Fibrinogen and Dimer-D

10.3. Biochemical Markers

10.3.1. Hepatocellular Damage Markers
10.3.2. Cholestasis Markers
10.3.3. Renal Markers
10.3.4. Digestive Pathology Markers
10.3.5. Albumin and Plasma Protein

10.4. Electrolytic Assessment

10.4.1. Potasium Alterations
10.4.2. Sodium and Chlorine Alterations
10.4.3. Phosphorus and Calcium Alterations
10.4.4. Other Ions

10.5. Acid-Base Balance

10.5.1. Introduction to Acid-Base Analysis
10.5.2. Types of Acidosis
10.5.3. Types of Alkalosis
10.5.4. Hyperlactatemia

10.6. Analysis of Urine and Cavitary Fluids

10.6.1. Obtaining Samples
10.6.2. Urinalysis
10.6.3. Urinary Sediment Assessment
10.6.4. Cavitary Fluid Assessment and Categorization

10.7. Thoracic Radiology

10.7.1. Principles of Thoracic Radiology
10.7.2. Mediastinal Structures
10.7.3. Lungs
10.7.4. Heart

10.8. Abdominal X-Ray

10.8.1. Principles of Abdomen Radiology
10.8.2. Cranial Abdomen
10.8.3. Mid-Abdomen
10.8.4. Caudal Abdomen

10.9. Abdominal ultrasound

10.9.1. Principles of Abdomen Ultrasound
10.9.2. Genitourinary Examination
10.9.3. Digestive Examination
10.9.4. Hepatic, Splenic and Mesenteric Examination

10.10. Non-Cardiac Thoracic Ultrasound and Other Applications

10.10.1. Principles of Thoracic and Superficial Structure Ultrasound
10.10.2. Thoracic Ultrasound Scan
10.10.3. Cervical Ultrasonography
10.10.4. Other Ultrasound Applications

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