TECH's Advanced master’s degree in Clinical Infectious Diseases will allow you to acquire the most up-to-date knowledge in all areas of this specialty; a special program, of greater intensity, duration and formative impact, created to provide a highly qualified response to the most demanding professionals"

2020 will always be known as the year of Covid-19. The outbreak of the new coronavirus, with the large number of victims worldwide, has only highlighted the vulnerability of weak health systems to the infectious disease.

Looking at the figures, we can see that around 17.3 million people died from infections in 2016, with the most common causes of death being from lower respiratory infections (3.7 million), malaria (2.2 million), tuberculosis (1.3 million), diarhhea (1.3 million) and HIV/AIDS (1.1 million).

The most important factors to take into consideration in relation to infectious diseases are demographics and human behavior, technological and industrial development, economic development and variations in land use, intercontinental travelling and commerce, climate change, microbiotic adaptation and finally the disapperance or reduction of efficient public health measures.
When several of these conditions are combined, not one area of the planet goes untouched. And the spread of imported or apparently eradicated infectious diseases becomes more than possible. The recent Covid-19 pandemic has proved just that.

The complex international epidemiological situation so far this century, exemplified by the deliberate release of bacillus anthracis spores as a weapon of bioterrorism to cause pulmonary anthrax in victims who inhaled them, the emergence of West Nile virus as a pathogen in the United States, the epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), the zoonotic spread of monkeypox in the United States, the threat of pandemic influenza, the Ebola epidemic in Africa, the emergence of yellow fever cases in Angola, coupled with the re-emergence of Dengue and Cholera, the emergence of new arboviruses in the Americas region, such as Chikingunya and more recently Zika, together with morbidity from other endemic infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS infection, leptospirosis, tuberculosis, community-acquired pneumonia and the increase in antibiotic resistance with the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria, and, of course, Covid-19, put the burden of disease on the region, Covid-19, of course, highlight the unprecedented need to improve the process of qualification and improvement of human capital in order to increase the competence and performance of all the personnel necessary to face the challenges involved in the control and confrontation of biological, hospital and public health emergencies that guarantee the quality and safety of healthcare for the population in any part of the world.

An Advanced master’s degree in Clinical Infectious Diseases which provides the professional with all the advances from across the world related to Clinical Infectious Diseases with the objective of boosting healthcare competencies in dealing with these types of diseases”

This Advanced master’s degree in Clinical Infectious Diseases contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include:

• Clinical cases presented by experts in the different specialties. The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Latest innovations on diagnosis, intervention, treatment and new materials
• Presentation of practical workshops on techniques and procedures
• Real high-resolution images in demonstrations
• Practical Exercises where the Self-assessment Process can be carried out in order to improve learning
• An algorithm-based interactive learning system for decision-making in the clinical situations presented throughout the course
• All of this will be complemented by theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

This Advanced master’s degree is an exceptional opportunity to specialize in this area. The most comprehensive program in the online teaching market, with an exhaustive journey through each and every aspect of Clinical Infectious Diseases Intervention and the quality provided by TECH, the world’s largest online university”

The program’s teaching staff includes professionals from the field who contribute their work experience to this educational program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities.

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive education programmed to learn in real situations.

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the course. For this purpose, the students will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.

Increase your decision-making confidence by updating your knowledge through this Advanced master’s degree program created to specialize the best professionals"

Make the most of this opportunity and learn about the latest advances in Clinical Infectious Diseases and improve your patient care, offering them the latest treatments and most innovative techniques: the most guaranteed way to position yourself among the best"

The structure if the contents has been designed by a team of professionals from the best research centers and universities on a national level. Aware of the current relevance of specialization and the need to support each study and its application with a solid scientific basis based on evidence, they have created a didactic path in which each topic will address one of the relevant aspects for the development of a highly competent professional. All of this makes up a high intensity and unparalleled quality syllabus, which includes state-of-the-art virtual theory and practice, and which will propel you to the most complete level of mastery in this area.

With a module dedicated to the latest advances and research in Covid-19 developed from the most up-to-date lines of research and scientific evidence"

Module 1. Clinical Research in Infectious Diseases

1.1. The Clinical Method in the Diagnostic Process of Infectious Diseases

1.1.1. Fundamental Concepts of the Clinical Method: Stages, Principles
1.1.2. The Clinical Method and its Usefulness in Infectious Diseases
1.1.3. Most Common Errors in the Application of the Clinical Method

1.2. Epidemiology in the Study of Infectious Diseases

1.2.1. Epidemiology as a Science
1.2.2. The Epidemiological Method
1.2.3. Epidemiology Tools Applies in the Study of Infectious Diseases

1.3. Clinic Epidemiology and Scientific Evidence-Based Medicine

1.3.1. Scientific Evidence and the Clinical Experience
1.3.2. The Importance of Evidence-Based Medicine in Diagnosis and Treatment
1.3.3. Clinical Epidemiology as a Powerful Weapon of Medical Thinking

1.4. Behavior of Infectious Diseases in the Population

1.4.1. Endemic
1.4.2. Epidemic
1.4.3. Pandemic

1.5. Confronting Epidemic Outbreaks

1.5.1. Diagnosis of Epidemic Outbreaks
1.5.2. Measures for the Control of Epidemic Outbreaks

1.6. Epidemiological Monitoring

1.6.1. Types of Epidemiological Monitoring
1.6.2. Designs of an Epidemiological Monitoring Systems
1.6.3. Usefulness and Importance of Epidemiological Monitoring

1.7. International Health Regulations

1.7.1. Components of International Health Regulations
1.7.2. Diseases Subject to International Sanitary Control
1.7.3. Importance of International Health Regulations

1.8. Mandatory Reporting Systems for Infectious Diseases

1.8.1. Characteristics of Diseases Subject to Mandatory Reporting
1.8.2. Role of the Doctor in Mandatory Reporting Systems for Infectious Diseases

1.9. Vaccines

1.9.1. Immunological Basis of Vaccination
1.9.2. Development and Production of Vaccines
1.9.3. Diseases Preventable with Vaccines
1.9.4. Experiences and Results of the Vaccine System in Cuba

1.10. Research Methodology in the Field of Health

1.10.1. The Importance of Public Health in Research Methodology as a Science
1.10.2. Scientific Thought in Healthcare
1.10.3. The Scientific Method
1.10.4. Stages of Scientific Research

1.11. Information Management and the Use of New Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

1.11.1. The Use of New ICT in the Management of Knowledge for Healthcare Professionals in the Professional Clinical, Teaching and Research Work
1.11.2. Information Literacy

1.12. Design of Research Studies for Infectious Diseases

1.12.1. Types of Studies in Healthcare and Medical Sciences
1.12.2. The Design of Research Applied to Infectious Diseases

1.13. Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

1.13.1. Summary Measures for the Different Variables in Scientific Research
1.13.2. Central Tendency Measures: Mean, Mode and Median
1.13.3. Dispersion Measures: Variants and Standard Deviation
1.13.4. Statistical Estimation
1.13.5. Population and Sample
1.13.6. Tools for Inferential Statistics

1.14. Design and Use of Databases

1.14.1. Types of Databases
1.14.2. Programs and Statistical Packages for the Management of Databases

1.15. Protocol of Scientific Research

1.15.1. Protocol Components of Scientific Research
1.15.2. Usefulness of Protocol of Scientific Research

1.16. Clinical Trials and Meta Analysis

1.16.1. Types of Clinical Trials
1.16.2. The Role of a Clinical Trial in Healthcare Research
1.16.3. Meta Analysis: Conceptual Definitions and Their Methodological Design
1.16.4. Application of Meta-Analyses and Their Role in the Medical Sciences

1.17. Critical Reading of Research Results

1.17.1. Medical Journals, Their Role in the Dissemination of Scientific Information
1.17.2. Medical Journals of High-Impact on a Global Level in the Field of Infectious Diseases
1.17.3. Methodological Tools for Critical Reading of Scientific Literature

1.18. Publication of Scientific Research Results

1.18.1. The Scientific Article
1.18.2. Types of Scientific Articles
1.18.3. Methodology Requirements for the Publication of Scientific Research Results
1.18.4. The Process of Scientific Publications in Medical Journals

Module 2. Microbiological Diagnosis and Other Examinations for Infectious Diseases

2.1. Organization, Structure and Functioning of the Microbiology Laboratory

2.1.1. Organization and Structure of the Microbiology Laboratory
2.1.2. Functioning of a Microbiology Laboratory

2.2. Principles of the Use of Microbiological Examinations in Patients with Infectious Pathologies The Process of Collecting Specimens

2.2.1. The Role of Microbiological Studies in the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
2.2.2. The Microbiological Sampling Process: Preanalytical, Analytical, and Postanalytical Stages
2.2.3. Sampling Requirements for the Main Microbiological Studies used in Daily Clinical Practice: Blood, Urine, Stool, Sputum

2.3. Virological Studies

2.3.1. Types of Virus and Their General Characteristics
2.3.2. General Characteristics of Virological Studies
2.3.3. Viral Culture
2.3.4. Viral Genome Studies
2.3.5. Studies of Antigens and Antibodies Against the Virus

2.4. Bacteriological Studies

2.4.1. Classification of Bacteria
2.4.2. General Characteristics of Bacteriological Studies
2.4.3. Stains for Bacterial Identification
2.4.4. The Study of Bacterial Antigens
2.4.5. Cultivation Methods: General and Specific
2.4.6. Bacteria That Need Special Study Methods

2.5. Mycological Studies

2.5.1. Classification
2.5.2. Main Mycological Studies

2.6. Parasitological Studies

2.6.1. Classification of Parasites
2.6.2. Studies for Protozoa
2.6.3. Studies for Helminths

2.7. Appropriate Interpretation of Microbiological Studies

2.7.1. The Microbiological Clinical Interrelationship for the Interpretation of Microbiological Studies

2.8. Interpreted Reading of the Antibiogram

2.8.1. Traditional Interpretation of the Antibiogram in Relation to the Sensitivity and Resistance to Antimicrobials
2.8.2. Interpreted Reading of the Antibiogram: Current Paradigm

2.9. Use of Microbial Map of an Institution

2.9.1. What is a Microbial Map of an Institution?
2.9.2. Clinical Application of the Microbial Map

2.10. Biosecurity

2.10.1. Conceptual Definitions of Biosafety
2.10.2. Importance of Biosafety for Health Services
2.10.3. Universal Measures of Precaution
2.10.4. Manage the Biological Waste in a Healthcare Institution

2.11. The Clinical Laboratory in the Study of Infectious Diseases

2.11.1. Reactants of the Acute Phase
2.11.2. Studies of Liver Function, Internal Environment, Clotting and Renal Function in Sepsis
2.11.3. Study of Inflammatory Liquids in the Diagnosis of Infections
2.11.4. Biomarkers Usefulness in Clinical Practice

2.12. Imaging Studies for the Diagnosis of Infectious Pathology

2.12.1. The Role of Imaging Studies in the Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases
2.12.2. The Role of Ultrasound in the Compehensive Assessment of a Patient with Sepsis

2.13. The Role of Genetic and Immunological Studies

2.13.1. Studies of Genetic Diseases and their Predisposition to Infectious Diseases
2.13.2. Immunological Studies on Immunosuppressed Patients

2.14. Usefulness of Pathological Anatomy Studies

2.14.1. Alterations in Cytological Studies According to the Type of the Biological Agent
2.14.2. Necropsy and Its Importance in Infectious Mortality

2.15. Assessment of the Severity of Infectious Diseases

2.15.1. Prognosis Scales in the Care of Patients with Infectious Pathologies Based on Laboratory Studies and Clinical Elements
2.15.2. SOFA Score Usefulness in the Current Day: Components of SOFA, What it Measures. Usefulness in the Assessment of a Patient
2.15.3. Main Complications in Infectious Diseases

2.16. Worldwide Campaign Against Sepsis

2.16.1. Emergence and Evolution
2.16.2. Objectives
2.16.3. Recommendations and Impact

2.17. Bioterrorism

2.17.1. Principle Infectious Agents Used in Bioterrorism
2.17.2. International Regulations on the Management of Biological Samples

Module 3. The Immune System in Infections in the Immunosuppressed Host

3.1. Structure and Development of the Immune System

3.1.1. Composition and Development of the Immune System
3.1.2. Immune System Organs
3.1.3. Immune System Cells
3.1.4. Chemical Mediators in the Immune System

3.2. The Immune Response to Viral and Bacterial Infections

3.2.1. Main Cells Implicated in the Immune Response to Viruses and Bacteria
3.2.2. Main Chemical Mediators

3.3. The Immune Response to Mycotic and Parasitic Infections

3.3.1. Immune Response Against Filamentous and Yeast Fungi
3.3.2. Immune Response Against Protozoas
3.3.3. Immune Response Against Helminths

3.4. Most Common Clinical Manifestations of Immunosuppression

3.4.1. Types of Immunosuppression
3.4.2. Clinical Manifestations According to the Infectious Agent
3.4.3. Frequent Infections According to the Type of Immunosuppression
3.4.4. Common Infections in Immunosuppressed Patients According to the Organ System Affected

3.5. The Fever Syndrome in Neutropenic Patients

3.5.1. Most Common Clinical Manifestations
3.5.2. Most Diagnosed Infectious Agents
3.5.3. Most-Used Complementary Studies in the Integral Evaluation of a Neutropenic Fever Patient
3.5.4. Therapeutic Recommendations

3.6. Management of an Immunosuppressed Patient with Sepsis

3.6.1. Evaluation of Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment According to the Latest International Recommendations Endorsed by Scientific Evidence

3.7. Immunomodulatory and Immunosuppressive Therapy

3.7.1. Immunomodulators and Their Clinical Use
3.7.2. Immunosuppressors and Their Relation to Sepsis

Module 4. Main Elements of Infectious Diseases

4.1. Main and Basic Concepts of the Infectious Health-Diseases Process

4.1.1. The Stages of the Infectious Process
4.1.2. The Systemic Inflammatory Response
4.1.3. Sepsis
4.1.4. Complications of Sepsis

4.2. Most Common Signs and Symptoms in Patients with Infectious Diseases

4.2.1. Local Signs and Symptoms of Sepsis
4.2.2. Systemic Signs and Symptoms of Sepsis

4.3. Main Infectious Syndromes

4.3.1. Systemic Syndromes
4.3.2. Local Syndromes

4.4. Fever of Unknown Origin (FUO)

4.4.1. Classis FUO
4.4.2. Nosocomial FUO
4.4.3. FUO in an Immunosuppressed Patient
4.4.4. FUO in HIV Infections

4.5. Fever and Rash

4.5.1. Types of Rashes
4.5.2. Main Infectious Agents Which Produce Rashes

4.6. Fever and Adenomegaly

4.6.1. Characteristics of Infectious Adenomegalies
4.6.2. Infections and Localized Adenomegalies
4.6.3. Infections and Generalized Adenomegalies

4.7. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)

4.7.1. Epidemiology of the STI
4.7.2. Main Agents in Sexual Transmission
4.7.3. Syndromic Approach to STIs

4.8. Septic Shock

4.8.1. Epidemiology
4.8.2. Pathophysiology
4.8.3. Clinical Manifestations and Differential Masks from the Other Types of Shock
4.8.4. Diagnosis and Evaluation of the Severity and Complications
4.8.5. Therapeutic Behavior

Module 5. Viral and Antiviral Diseases

5.1. Principles of Virology

5.1.1. Epidemiology of Viral Infections
5.1.2. Fundamental Concepts in the Study of Viruses and Their Diseases
5.1.3. Main Viruses Which Affect Humans

5.2. Hemorrhagic Viral Diseases

5.2.1. Epidemiology
5.2.2. Classification
5.2.3. African Hemorrhagic Fevers
5.2.4. South American Hemorrhagic Fevers
5.2.5. Other Hemorrhagic Fevers

5.3. Arbovirus

5.3.1. General Concepts and Epidemiology of the Arboviruses
5.3.2. Dengue
5.3.3. Yellow Fever
5.3.4. Chikungunya
5.3.5. Zika
5.3.6. Other Arboviruses

5.4. Herpetic Diseases

5.4.1. Simple Herpes
5.4.2. Shingles

5.5. Viral Exanthematous Diseases

5.5.1. Rubella
5.5.2. Measles
5.5.3. Chickenpox
5.5.4. Smallpox
5.5.5. Other Exanthematous Diseases

5.6. Viral Hepatitis

5.6.1. Non-Specified Viral Infections
5.6.2. Hepatotropic Viruses
5.6.3. Acute Viral Hepatitis
5.6.4. Chronic Viral Hepatitis

5.7. Infectious Mononucleosis

5.7.1. Epidemiology
5.7.2. Etiological Agent
5.7.3. Pathogenesis
5.7.4. Clinical Picture
5.7.5. Complications
5.7.6. Diagnosis
5.7.7. Treatment

5.8. Human Rabies

5.8.1. Epidemiology
5.8.2. Etiological Agent
5.8.3. Pathogenesis
5.8.4. Clinical Picture
5.8.5. Complications
5.8.6. Diagnosis
5.8.7. Treatment

5.9. Viral Encephalitis

5.9.1. Non-Herpetic Viral Encephalitis
5.9.2. Herpetic Viral Encephalitis
5.9.3. Slow Virus Encephalitis

5.10. Antivirals

5.10.1. General Concepts
5.10.2. Main Definitions Related to Antivirals
5.10.3. Classification
5.10.4. Mechanisms of Action

5.11. Main Antivirals for Herpes Viruses

5.11.1. Mechanisms of Action
5.11.2. Antiviral Spectrum
5.11.3. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
5.11.4. Dose and Presentation

5.12. Main Antivirals for Respiratory Infections

5.12.1. Mechanisms of Action
5.12.2. Antiviral Spectrum
5.12.3. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
5.12.4. Dose and Presentation

5.13. Main Antivirals for Hepatitis

5.13.1. Mechanisms of Action
5.13.2. Antiviral Spectrum
5.13.3. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
5.13.4. Dose and Presentation

Module 6. Latest Information on Coronavirus Infections

6.1. Discovery and Evolution of Coronaviruses

6.1.1. Discovery of Coronaviruses
6.1.2. Global Trends in Coronavirus Infections

6.2. Main Microbiological Characteristics and Members of the Coronavirus Family

6.2.1. General Microbiological Characteristics of Coronaviruses
6.2.2. Viral Genome
6.2.3. Principal Virulence Factors

6.3. Epidemiological Changes in Coronavirus Infections since its Discovery to Present Day

6.3.1. Morbidity and Mortality of Coronavirus Infections from their Emergence to the Present

6.4. The Immune System and Coronavirus Infections

6.4.1. Immunological Mechanisms Involved in the Immune Response to Coronaviruses
6.4.2. Cytokine Storm in Coronavirus Infections and Immunopathology
6.4.3. Modulation of the Immune System in Coronavirus Infections

6.5. Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Coronavirus Infections

6.5.1. Pathophysiological and Pathogenic Alterations in Coronavirus Infections
6.5.2. Clinical Implications of the Main Pathophysiological Alterations

6.6. Risk Groups and Transmission Mechanisms of Coronaviruses

6.6.1. Main Sociodemographic and Epidemiological Characteristics of Risk Groups Affected by Coronavirus
6.6.2. Coronavirus Mechanisms of Transmission

6.7. Natural History of Coronavirus Infections

6.7.1. Stages of Coronavirus Infection

6.8. Latest Information on Microbiological Diagnosis of Coronavirus Infections

6.8.1. Sample Collection and Shipment
6.8.2. PCR and Sequencing
6.8.3. Serology Testing
6.8.4. Virus Isolation

6.9. Current Biosafety Measures in Microbiology Laboratories for Coronavirus Sample Handling

6.9.1. Biosafety Measures for Coronavirus Sample Handling

6.10. Up-To-Date Management of Coronavirus Infections

6.10.1. Prevention Measures
6.10.2. Symptomatic Treatment
6.10.3. Antiviral and Antimicrobial Treatment in Coronavirus Infections
6.10.4. Treatment of Severe Clinical Forms

6.11. Future Challenges in the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus

6.11.1. Global Challenges for the Development of Prevention, Diagnostic, and Treatment Strategies for Coronavirus Infections

Module 7. HIV/ADIS Infection

7.1. Epidemiology

7.1.1. Worldwide Morbidity and by Geographical Region
7.1.2. Worldwide Mortality and by Geographical Region
7.1.3. Main Vulnerable Groups

7.2. Etiopathogenesis

7.2.1. Viral Replication Cycle
7.2.2. Immune Response to HIV
7.2.3. Sanctuary Sites

7.3. Clinical Classifications of Use

7.3.1. Clinical Stages of HIV Infection
7.3.2. Clinical and Immunological Classification of HIV Infection

7.4. Clinical Manifestations According to the Stages of the Illness

7.4.1. General Clinical Manifestations
7.4.2. Clinical Manifestations By Organs and Systems

7.5. Opportunist Illnesses

7.5.1. Minor Opportunist Illnesses
7.5.2. Major Opportunist Illnesses
7.5.3. Primary Prophylaxis of Opportunistic Infections
7.5.4. Secondary Prophylaxis of Opportunistic Infections
7.5.5. Neoplasms in the Patient with HIV Infection

7.6. Diagnosis in the HIV/AIDS Infection

7.6.1. Direct HIV Screening Methods
7.6.2. Tests for Antibodies Against HIV

7.7. Antiretroviral Treatment

7.7.1. Antiretroviral Treatment Criteria
7.7.2. Main Antiretroviral Drugs
7.7.3. Monitoring of Antiretroviral Treatment
7.7.4. Antiretroviral Treatment Failure

7.8. Integral Care for a Person Living With HIV/AIDS

7.8.1. Cuban Model for Integral Care of People Living With HIV
7.8.2. Global Experiences and WHO AIDS’ Leadership in HIV/AIDS Control

Module 8. Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobials

8.1. Principles of Bacteriology

8.1.1. Fundamental Concepts of Use in Bacteriology
8.1.2. Main Gram-Positive Bacteria and their Diseases
8.1.3. Main Gram-Negative Bacteria and their Diseases

8.2. Bacterial Skin Infections

8.2.1. Folliculitis
8.2.2. Furunculosis
8.2.3. Anthrax
8.2.4. Superficial Abscesses
8.2.5. Erysipelas

8.3. Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

8.3.1. Epidemiology
8.3.2. Etiology
8.3.3. Clinical Picture
8.3.4. Diagnosis
8.3.5. Prognosis Scales
8.3.6. Treatment

8.4. Tuberculosis

8.4.1. Epidemiology
8.4.2. Etiopathogenesis
8.4.3. Clinical Manifestations
8.4.4. Classification
8.4.5. Diagnosis
8.4.6. Treatment

8.5. Infections of Urinary Tract and Gynecologic Infections in Women

8.5.1. Classification
8.5.2. Etiology
8.5.3. Clinical Picture
8.5.4. Diagnosis
8.5.5. Treatment

8.6. Bacterial Meningitis

8.6.1. Immunology of the Subarachnoid Space
8.6.2. Etiology
8.6.3. Clinical Picture and Complications
8.6.4. Diagnosis
8.6.5. Treatment

8.7. Osteoarticular Infections

8.7.1. Septic Arthritis
8.7.2. Osteomyelitis
8.7.3. Infectious Myositis

8.8. Enteric and Intra-Abdominal Infections

8.8.1. Acute Gastroenteritis
8.8.2. Acute Enterocolitis
8.8.3. Primary Peritonitis
8.8.4. Secondary Peritonitis

8.9. Zoonotic

8.9.1. Concept
8.9.2. Epidemiology
8.9.3. Main Zoonotic Diseases
8.9.4. Leptospirosis

8.10. Antibacterials

8.10.1. General Concepts
8.10.2. Classification
8.10.3. Mechanisms of Action for Antimicrobials

8.11. Betalactams: Penicillins and Betalactamase Inhibitors

8.11.1. Structure of the Beta-Lactam Ring
8.11.2. Penicillins: Classification, Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Spectrum, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Dosage and Presentation
8.11.3. Beta-lactamases: Types and Action on Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
8.11.4. Main Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
8.11.5. Uses and Therapeutic Indicators
8.11.6. Cephalosporins
8.11.7. Monobactams
8.11.8. Carbapenemics

8.12. Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines and Glycopeptides

8.12.1. Aminoglycosides: Classification, Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Spectrum, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Dosage and Presentation
8.12.2. Tetracyclines: Classification, Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Spectrum, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Dosage and Presentation
8.12.3. Glycopeptides: Classification, Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Spectrum, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Dosage and Presentation

8.13. Lincosamines. Rifamycins, Antifolates

8.13.1. Lincosamines: Classification, Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Spectrum, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Dosage and Presentation
8.13.2. Rifampicin: Classification, Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Spectrum, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Dosage and Presentation
8.13.3. Antifolates: Classification, Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Spectrum, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Dosage and Presentation

8.14. Quinolones, Macrolides and Ketolides

8.14.1. Quinolones: Classification, Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Spectrum, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Dosage and Presentation
8.14.2. Macrolides: Classification, Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Spectrum, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Dosage and Presentation
8.14.3. Ketolides: Classification, Mechanisms of Action, Antimicrobial Spectrum, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Dosage and Presentation

8.15. New Antibiotics for Gram-Positive Infections (Lipopeptides and Oxazolidinones)

8.15.1. Lipopeptides
8.15.2. Oxazolidinones

Module 9. Fungal Diseases

9.1. Introduction to Mycology and Superficial Mycotic Infections

9.1.1. General Concepts Used in Mycology
9.1.2. Fundamental Characteristics of Pathogenic Fungi
9.1.3. Superficial Fungal Infections: Epidermatophytosis. Tinea Corporis Tinea Capitis

9.2. Deep Mycotic Infections

9.2.1. Most Frequent Deep Mycoses
9.2.2. Main Clinical Manifestations of Deep Mycosis

9.3. Cryptococcosis

9.3.1. Epidemiology
9.3.2. Etiological Agent
9.3.3. Pathogenesis
9.3.4. Clinical Picture
9.3.5. Complications
9.3.6. Diagnosis
9.3.7. Treatment

9.4. Histoplasmosis

9.4.1. Epidemiology
9.4.2. Etiological Agent
9.4.3. Pathogenesis
9.4.4. Clinical Picture
9.4.5. Complications
9.4.6. Diagnosis
9.4.7. Treatment

9.5. Aspergillosis

9.5.1. Epidemiology
9.5.2. Etiological Agent
9.5.3. Pathogenesis
9.5.4. Clinical Picture
9.5.5. Complications
9.5.6. Diagnosis
9.5.7. Treatment

9.6. Systemic Candidiasis

9.6.1. Epidemiology
9.6.2. Etiological Agent
9.6.3. Pathogenesis
9.6.4. Clinical Picture
9.6.5. Complications
9.6.6. Diagnosis
9.6.7. Treatment

9.7. Coccidioidomycosis

9.7.1. Epidemiology
9.7.2. Etiological Agent
9.7.3. Pathogenesis
9.7.4. Clinical Picture
9.7.5. Complications
9.7.6. Diagnosis
9.7.7. Treatment

9.8. Blastomycosis

9.8.1. Epidemiology
9.8.2. Etiological Agent
9.8.3. Pathogenesis
9.8.4. Clinical Picture
9.8.5. Complications
9.8.6. Diagnosis
9.8.7. Treatment

9.9. Sporotrichosis

9.9.1. Epidemiology
9.9.2. Etiological Agent
9.9.3. Pathogenesis
9.9.4. Clinical Picture
9.9.5. Complications
9.9.6. Diagnosis
9.9.7. Treatment

Module 10. Parasitic and Tropical Diseases

10.1. Introduction to Parasitology

10.1.1. General Concepts Used in Parasitology
10.1.2. Epidemiology of the Main Parasitosis and Tropical Diseases
10.1.3. Classification of Parasites
10.1.4. Tropical Diseases and Fever Syndrome in the Tropics

10.2. Malaria

10.2.1. Epidemiology
10.2.2. Etiological Agent
10.2.3. Pathogenesis
10.2.4. Clinical Picture
10.2.5. Complications
10.2.6. Diagnosis
10.2.7. Treatment

10.3. Diseases from Intestinal Protozoas

10.3.1. Main Intestinal Protozoa
10.3.2. Diagnosis of Intestinal Protozoa
10.3.3. Amebiosis and Giardiosis

10.4. Filarial Diseases

10.4.1. Epidemiology and the Worldwide Situation
10.4.2. Clinical Syndromes
10.4.3. Main Filarial Diseases: Wuchereria Bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori, Onchocerca volvulus, Loa loa, Mansonella Perstans, Mansonella Streptocerca y Mansonella Ozzardi

10.5. Leishmaniasis

10.5.1. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
10.5.2. Deep Leishmaniasis

10.6. Trypanosomiasis

10.6.1. African Trypanosomiasis
10.6.2. American Trypanosomiasis:

10.7. Schistosomiasis

10.7.1. Haematobium Schistosomiasis
10.7.2. Schitosomiosis Mansoni
10.7.3. Schitosomiosis Japonicum
10.7.4. Schitosomiosis Intercalatum

10.8. Intestinal Parasitism

10.8.1. Epidemiology
10.8.2. Ascaridiosis
10.8.3. Oxyuriosis
10.8.4. Ancylostomiosis and Necatoriosis
10.8.5. Trichuriosis

10.9. Taeniasis Infections

10.9.1. Intestinal Tapeworms
10.9.2. Tissue Tapeworms

10.10. Antiparasitics II

10.10.1. General Concepts
10.10.2. Main Definitions Used in the Management of Antiparasitics
10.10.3. Classification: Classifications Used by Chemical Structure, Mechanism of Action or Antiparasitic Action
10.10.4. Mechanisms of Action

10.11. Antiprotozoals

10.11.1. Classification
10.11.2. Mechanisms of Action
10.11.3. Antiparasitic Spectrum
10.11.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
10.11.5. Dose and Presentation

10.12. Antiparasitic for Helminths

10.12.1. Classification
10.12.2. Mechanisms of Action
10.12.3. Antiparasitic Spectrum
10.12.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
10.12.5. Dose and Presentation

Module 11. Nosocomial Infections, Associated with Health Care and Patient Safety

11.1. Epidemiology of Nosocomial Infections

11.1.1. Operative Site Infection: Definition Epidemiology. Most Frequent Germs Therapeutic Behavior
11.1.2. Nosocomial Pneumonia and Associated Mechanical Ventilation: General Concepts Epidemiology. Risk Factors. Etiology. Diagnosis. Prevention
11.1.3. Most-Used Antibiotics

11.2. Infection Associated with Non-Tunneled Peripheral and Central Venous Catheters and Urinary Catheters

11.2.1. Epidemiology
11.2.2. Etiology
11.2.3. Risk Factors
11.2.4. Behavior for its Diagnosis and Treatment

11.3. Clostridium Difficile Infection

11.3.1. Epidemiology
11.3.2. Risk Factors
11.3.3. Clinical Manifestations
11.3.4. Diagnosis
11.3.5. Treatment

11.4. Global Vision of the Infection in Critical Patients in the ICU

11.4.1. Epidemiology
11.4.2. Risk Factors
11.4.3. Etiology
11.4.4. Prevention
11.4.5. Most-Used Antibiotics

11.5. Infections Associated With Devices Used in Medicine

11.5.1. Infections Associated with Biofilm
11.5.2. Infections From Devices Used in Orthopedics
11.5.3. Infection From Devices Used in Cardiovascular Surgery
11.5.4. Infection in Neurosurgery Devices
11.5.5. Infections of Implants and Prostheses

11.6. Universal Measures for Nosocomial Infection

11.6.1. Main Measures Internationally Recommended for the Control of Nosocomial Infection

11.7. Infections Associated With Health Care

11.7.1. Definition
11.7.2. Epidemiology
11.7.3. Etiology
11.7.4. Antimicrobials Used

Module 12. Antimicrobial Resistance

12.1. Epidemiology. From Molecular to Socioeconomic

12.1.1. Analysis of Molecular Evolution, Genetics, Clinical Manifestation, Epidemiology and Socioeconomics of the Resistance to Antibiotics
12.1.2. Mortality Due to Superbugs
12.1.3. Most Lethal Superbugs

12.2. Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance

12.2.1. Genetic Mechanisms
12.2.2. Acquired Mechanisms

12.3. MRSA and GISA

12.3.1. Epidemiology
12.3.2. Resistance Mechanisms
12.3.3. Alternative Treatments

12.4. Resistant Enterobacteria

12.4.1. Epidemiology
12.4.2. Resistance Mechanisms
12.4.3. Alternative Treatments

12.5. Resistant Pneumococcus

12.5.1. Epidemiology
12.5.2. Resistance Mechanisms
12.5.3. Alternative Treatments

12.6. Viral Resistance

12.6.1. Epidemiology
12.6.2. Resistance Mechanisms
12.6.3. Alternative Treatments

12.7. Mycotic and Parasitic Resistance

12.7.1. Epidemiology
12.7.2. Resistance Mechanisms
12.7.3. Alternative Treatments

12.8. Worldwide Program for the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance and Research into New Antibiotics

12.8.1. Objectives and Action of the Worldwide Program for the Control of Antimicrobial Resistance
12.8.2. Research into New Antibiotics for Multiresistant Germs
12.8.3. Emergence of Other Forms of Treatment for Infection Control

Module 13. The Correct Use of Antimicrobials

13.1. Basic Principles in the Selection and Use of Antimicrobials

13.1.1. Elements of an Antimicrobial
13.1.2. Elements of a Germ
13.1.3. Elements of the Host

13.2. Use of Antimicrobials in Special Situations in the Host

13.2.1. Use in Kidney Failure
13.2.2. Use in Pregnancy
13.2.3. Use in Liver Failure

13.3. The Role of Policies and Rational Use of Antibiotics Programs and Their Impact on the Antimicrobial Resistance and The Cost of Medical Care

13.3.1. Situation of Programs and Policies for the Rational Use of Antibiotics
13.3.2. Impact of Programs and Policies in the Use of Antibiotics
13.3.3. Use of Clinical Practice Guides

13.4. Pharmacotherapeutic Committees as Tools for the Control and Evaluation of the Use of Antibiotics

13.4.1. Structure
13.4.2. Objectives
13.4.3. Functions
13.4.4. Impact Results

13.5. Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Surgery

13.5.1. Classification of Surgical Interventions
13.5.2. Uses of Antibiotic Prophylaxis According to the Type of Surgical Intervention
13.5.3. Most Commonly Used Schemes of Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Surgery

13.6. Reasoned Therapeutics in the Use of Antibiotics

13.6.1. Stages of Reasoned Therapeutics
13.6.2. Importance of Reasoned Therapeutics

13.7. The Worldwide Experience in the Control of the Use of Antibiotics

13.7.1. Main Worldwide Experiences in the Control of the Use of Antibiotics

Module 14. The Role of Infectologists in Health Services

14.1. Infectology and its Importance in Medical Care Within Any Specialist Field

14.1.1. The Universal Nature of Infectious Pathology in Medical Specialties
14.1.2. Mastering Antibiotic Treatment

14.2. Skills and Abilities of an Infectologist

14.2.1. Skills of an Infectologist
14.2.2. Abilities of an Infectologist

14.3. The Role of Infectologists in Health Teams

14.3.1. Functions of Infectologists in Healthcare Teams in the Different Levels of the Health System

14.4. Infectious Disease Consultation

14.4.1. Functions of an Infectologist’s Consultation
14.4.2. Pathologies to be Consulted

14.5. Scientific Update of the Infectologist’s Medical Knowledge and the Future Challenges of Infectology

14.5.1. Self-Training
14.5.2. Training and Professional Achievement
14.5.3. Future Challenges for Infectology: The Emergence of New Diseases Antimicrobial Resistance and the Development of Vaccines and Antibiotics

Module 15. Epidemiology and Microbiology of Infectious Diseases

15.1. Epidemiological, Economic, Social and Political Conditions in Continents Which Favor the Development of Infectious Diseases

15.1.1. Africa
15.1.2. America
15.1.3. Europe and Asia

15.2. New and Emerging Diseases By Continent

15.2.1. Morbidity and Mortality From Infectious Diseases in Africa
15.2.2. Morbidity and Mortality From Infectious Diseases in the Americas
15.2.3. Infectious Disease Morbidity and Mortality in Asia
15.2.4. Morbidity and Mortality From Infectious Diseases in Europe

15.3. The Taxonomy Of Infectious Agents

15.3.1. Viruses
15.3.2. Bacteria
15.3.3. Fungus
15.3.4. Parasites

15.4. Disease-producing Properties of Micro-organisms

15.4.1. Mechanisms of Pathogenicity
15.4.2. Mechanisms of Adhesion and Multiplication
15.4.3. Mechanisms Enabling the Acquisition of Nutrients From The Host
15.4.4. Mechanisms Inhibiting The Phagocytic Process
15.4.5. Mechanisms For Evading The Immune Response

15.5. Microscopy and Staining

15.5.1. Microscopes and Types of Microscopes
15.5.2. Composite Stains
15.5.3. Acid-resistant Micro-organism Staining
15.5.4. Staining to Demonstrate Cellular Structures

15.6. Cultures and Growth of Micro-organisms

15.6.1. General Culture Mediums
15.6.2. Specific Culture Methods

15.7. Effect of Chemical and Physical Agents on Micro-organisms

15.7.1. Sterilisation and Disinfection
15.7.2. Disinfectants and Antiseptics Used in Practice

15.8. Molecular Biology and its Importance for the Infectologist

15.8.1. Bacterial Genetics
15.8.2. Polymerase Chain Reaction Tests

15.9. Indication and Interpretation of Microbiological Studies

Module 16. Cancer and Immunosuppression

16.1. The Innate and Adaptive Immune Response

16.1.1. Cells and Cytokines in Response to Infectious Agents
16.1.2. Characteristics of the Innate Immune Response

16.2. Immunosuppression in Different Conditions in Patients with Sepsis

16.2.1. The Role of Cytotoxics in Immunosuppression
16.2.2. The Role of Cytotoxics in Immunosuppression
16.2.3. Infection in Transplant Patients

16.3. The Oncohematological Patient with Sepsis

16.3.1. Medullary Aplasia
16.3.2. Neutropenia
16.3.3. Infections in Patients with Cancer

16.4. The Diabetic Patient with Sepsis

16.4.1. The Immune System in Diabetes Mellitus
16.4.2. Main Infections in the Diabetic Patient

16.5. Comprehensive Approach to the Immuno-Compromised Patient with Sepsis

16.5.1. Diagnostic Considerations
16.5.2. Therape  utic Measures

16.6. The Link Between Cancer and Micro-organisms

16.6.1. Oncogenesis and Infection
16.6.2. Virus and Cancer

16.6.2.1. Epstein-Barr Virus
16.6.2.2. Hepatitis B and C Viruses
16.6.2.3. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
16.6.2.4. T-cell Lymphoma/Leukaemia Viruses
16.6.2.5. Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus

16.7. Bacterias and Cancer

16.7.1. Helicobacter Pylori

16.8. Parasites and Cancer

16.8.1. Schistosoma Haematobium
16.8.2. Opisthorchis Viverrini

16.9. Bacteria Allies Against Cancer

Module 17. Occupational Accident and Blood-Borne Pathogens

17.1. Epidemiology of Blood-Borne Pathogen Infections
17.2. Main Blood-Borne Infections

17.2.1. Hepatitis B Virus Infection
17.2.2. Hepatitis C Virus Infection
17.2.3. HIV/AIDS

17.3. Diagnostic and Therapeutic approach to Accidents Involving Blood

17.3.1. Diagnostic Follow-up of Cases
17.3.2. Treatment

17.4.  Universal Precautions in the Prevention of Accidents in the Workplace
17.5. Biosafety Measures and the Role of the Epidemiologist in Reducing Biohazards

17.5.1. Biological Risk
17.5.2. Biosecurity
17.5.3. Biosecurity Plans for Biological Protection

Module 18. Infections in the International Traveller

18.1. Vaccines in the International Traveller

18.1.1. Vaccines in the International Traveller
18.1.2. Vaccination Against Yellow Fever

18.2. Prophylaxis for Travellers to Tropical Areas

18.2.1. Pharmacological Treatment According to the Geographical Area to be visited
18.2.2. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Antimalarial Drugs
18.2.3. Preventive Measures for Travellers in Tropical Areas

18.3. Traveller’s Diarrhea

18.3.1. Epidemiology
18.3.2. Etiology
18.3.3. Clinical Manifestations
18.3.4. Diagnosis
18.3.5. Treatment

18.4. Health Control of International Travelers
18.5. Fever on Return from International Travel

18.5.1. Main Etiologies
18.5.2. Diagnostic Approach
18.5.3. Imported Infectious Pathology in the International Traveller

Module 19. Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases and Infections

19.1. Infections and the Chronic Inflammatory Response

19.1.1. Immune System Cells of the Chronic Inflammatory Response to Infections
19.1.2. The Granulomatous Response and Delayed-type Hypersensitivity
19.1.3. The Role of Chemical Mediators of the Chronic Inflammatory Response

19.2. Stress, Immunity and Infectious Agents

19.2.1. Neurological, Endocrine and Immune Interrelationships
19.2.2. Stress and the Immune Response
19.2.3. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Infections

19.3. Atherosclerosis, Cardiovascular Disease and the Role of Infectious Agents

19.3.1. The Role of Infectious Agents in Atherosclerosis
19.3.2. Cardiovascular Disease Mortality and its Association with Infectious Agents
19.3.3. Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Pneumonia

19.4. Digestive Diseases Associated with Infectious Microorganisms

19.4.1. Gut Flora and its Important Functions
19.4.2. Gastroduodenal Peptic Ulcer Disease and Helicobacter Pylori
19.4.3. Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Infections
19.4.4. Whipple´s Disease

19.5. Neurological Diseases and Infections

19.5.1. Dementia and Infections
19.5.2. Multiple Sclerosis and its Relationship to Certain Infectious Agents
19.5.3. Guillain-Barre Syndrome, Immunity and Viral Infections
19.5.4. Parkinson’s Disease and its Association with Infections

19.6. Endocrinopathies and Infections

19.6.1. Diabetes Mellitus and Infections
19.6.2. Chronic Thyroiditis and Infections

19.7. The Infectious Theory of Rheumatic Diseases

19.7.1. Rheumatoid Arthritis
19.7.2. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
19.7.3. Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
19.7.4. Weneger’s Granulomatosis
19.7.5. Polymyalgia Rheumatica

Module 20. The Most Lethal Respiratory Infections

20.1. Immunology and Defence Mechanisms of the Respiratory System
20.2. Influenza and Other Lethal Viral Infections

20.2.1. Influenza Epidemics
20.2.2. H1N1 Influenza
20.2.3. Vaccine Against Influenza and the Prevention of Mortality

20.3. Bacterial Pneumonia: The Captain of the Armies of Death

20.3.1. Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)
20.3.2. Intrahospital Pneumonia
20.3.3. Pneumonia Associated With Healthcare

20.4. Tuberculosis

20.4.1. Epidemiology
20.4.2. Pathobiology
20.4.3. Classification
20.4.4. Clinical Picture
20.4.5. Diagnosis
20.4.6. Treatment

20.5. Loeffler’s Syndrome and Eosinophilic Syndromes

20.5.1. Pulmonary Phase of Parasites
20.5.2. Clinical and Radiological Manifestations
20.5.3. Other Eosinophilic Pneumonias

20.6. Antimicrobials and the Respiratory System

20.6.1. Antimicrobials Effective in the Respiratory System
20.6.2. The Immunomodulatory Role of Macrolides in Pneumonia

Module 21. Urinary Tract and Sexually Transmitted Infections

21.1. Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infection

21.1.1. Factors Explaining the Increased Morbidity of Urinary Tract Infection in Women

21.2. Immunology of the Urinary System
21.3. Classification of Urinary Tract Infection
21.4. Urinary Infection

21.4.1. Etiology
21.4.2. Clinical Picture
21.4.3. Diagnosis
21.4.4. Treatment

21.5. Urinary Tract Infection in the Bladder Catheterised, Prostatic and Elderly Patient
21.6. Most commonly Used Antimicrobials in Urinary Tract Infections

21.6.1. Pharmacological Elements
21.6.2. Antimicrobial Resistance of the Main Bacteria Affecting the Urinary Tract

21.7. Epidemiological Update on Major STIs

21.7.1. Epidemiology of Sexually Transmitted Infections
21.7.2. Risk Groups for Sexually Transmitted Infections
21.7.3. Prevention

21.8. Viral STIs

21.8.1. Perinatal Herpes Simplex
21.8.2. Viral Hepatitis
21.8.3. Human Papillomavirus
21.8.4. HIV

21.9. Bacterial STIs

21.9.1. Gonorrhoea
21.9.2. Syphilis
21.9.3. Soft Chancre
21.9.4. Lymphogranuloma Venereum

21.10. Trichomoniasis and Genital Candidiasis
21.11. Trichomoniasis: Epidemiology, Aetiology, Clinical Picture, Diagnosis and Treatment
21.12. Genital Candidiasis: Epidemiology, Etiology, Clinical Picture, Diagnosis and Treatment
21.13. The syndromic Approach to STIs and Control Measures

21.13.1. Main Clinical Framework
21.13.2. STI Control Measures

21.14. Multidrug-Resistant Gonococcus: Treatment Alternatives

21.14.1. Global Situation
21.14.2. Alternative Treatments

21.15. Current Management of Recurrent Herpes Infection

21.15.1. Focus Latest Information of Recurrent Herpes Infection

Module 22. Food-Borne Infections

22.1. Food-Borne Diseases, a Modern Day Health Problem

22.1.1. Epidemiology
22.1.2. Causes of Foodborne Infections

22.2. Classification of Foodborne Infections

22.2.1. Intoxications
22.2.2. Infections
22.2.3. Toxi-infections

22.3. Main Aetiological Agents

22.3.1. Salmonella
22.3.2. Staphylococci
22.3.3. Listeria monocytogenes
22.3.4. Escherichia coli, 0157;H7
22.3.5. Clostridium Botulinum

22.4. Food-Borne Diseases and their Socio-Economic Impact

22.4.1. Socio-Economic Consequences of the ATS

22.5. Main Measures for the Control of Food-Borne Infections

22.5.1. Primary Prevention of ATS
22.5.2. Health Education
22.5.3. State Health Control and ATS

Module 23. Hepatitis and HIV/AIDS and Tuberculosis Co-Infection

23.1. Viral Hepatitis A

23.1.1. Virus Characteristics and Replication Cycle
23.1.2. Clinical Picture
23.1.3. Viral Markers
23.1.4. Evolution and Prognosis
23.1.5. Treatment

23.2. Viral Hepatitis B and C

23.2.1. Virus Characteristics and Replication Cycle
23.2.2. Clinical Picture
23.2.3. Viral Markers
23.2.4. Evolution and Prognosis
23.2.5. Treatment

23.3. Viral Hepatitis D and E

23.3.1. Virus Characteristics and Replication Cycle
23.3.2. Clinical Picture
23.3.3. Viral Markers
23.3.4. Evolution and Prognosis
23.3.5. Treatment

23.4. Epidemiology of Morbidity and Mortality from TB/HIV/AIDS Co-Infection

23.4.1. Incidence
23.4.2. Prevalence
23.4.3. Mortality

23.5. Pathobiology from TB/HIV/AIDS Co-Infection

23.5.1. Pathophysiological Alterations in Co-Infection
23.5.2. Pathological Alterations

23.6. Clinical Manifestations of Co-Infection

23.6.1. Clinical Manifestations of Pulmonary TB
23.6.2. Clinical Manifestations of Extrapulmonary TB

23.7. Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Patients Living with HIV/AIDS

23.7.1. Diagnostic Studies in Pulmonary TB in HIV/AIDS Patients

23.8. Comprehensive Care of Patients with Co-Infection TB and HIV/ AIDS and Therapeutic Considerations

23.8.1. The System of Comprehensive Care for TB/HIV/AIDS Patients
23.8.2. Anti-tuberculosis Treatment Considerations in Patients with Tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS Coinfection
23.8.3. Antiretroviral Treatment Considerations in patients with TB/HIV/AIDS Co-Infection
23.8.4. The Issue of Anti-Tuberculosis and Antiretroviral Resistance in These Patients

Module 24. Viral Haemorrhagic Diseases and Arboviruses

24.1. Viral Hemorrhagic Diseases

24.1.1. Epidemiology
24.1.2. Classification
24.1.3. Diagnostic Approach to Viral Haemorrhagic Diseases
24.1.4. The Development of Vaccines for New Diseases
24.1.5. Measures for the Control of Viral Haemorrhagic Diseases

24.2. Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever

24.2.1. Characteristics and Replicative Cycle of the Virus
24.2.2. Clinical Picture
24.2.3. Diagnosis
24.2.4. Treatment

24.3. South American Hemorrhagic Fevers

24.3.1. Characteristics and Replicative Cycle of the Virus
24.3.2. Clinical Picture
24.3.3. Diagnosis
24.3.4. Treatment

24.4. Arbovirus

24.4.1. Epidemiology
24.4.2. Vector Control
24.4.3. Other Arboviruses

24.5. Yellow Fever

24.5.1. Concept
24.5.2. Replicative Cycle of the Virus
24.5.3. Clinical Manifestations
24.5.4. Diagnosis
24.5.5. Treatment

24.6. Dengue

24.6.1. Concept
24.6.2. Replicative Cycle of the Virus
24.6.3. Clinical Manifestations
24.6.4. Diagnosis
24.6.5. Treatment

24.7. Chiquigunya

24.7.1. Concept
24.7.2. Replicative Cycle of the Virus
24.7.3. Clinical Manifestations
24.7.4. Diagnosis
24.7.5. Treatment

24.8. Zika

24.8.1. Concept
24.8.2. Replicative Cycle of the Virus
24.8.3. Clinical Manifestations
24.8.4. Diagnosis
24.8.5. Treatment

Module 25. Central Nervous System Infections

25.1. The Immune Defence Mechanisms of the CNS

25.1.1. Defence Mechanisms of the CNS
25.1.2. The Immune Response in the CNS

25.2. Epidemiology of the CNS Infection

25.2.1. Morbidity
25.2.2. Mortality
25.2.3. Risk Factors

25.3. Microbiological Diagnosis of the CNS Infection

25.3.1. The Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid

25.4. Meningitis

25.4.1. Etiology
25.4.2. Clinical Picture
25.4.3. Diagnosis
25.4.4. Treatment

25.5. Encephalitis

25.5.1. Etiology
25.5.2. Clinical Picture
25.5.3. Diagnosis
25.5.4. Treatment

25.6. Myelitis

25.6.1. Etiology
25.6.2. Clinical Picture
25.6.3. Diagnosis
25.6.4. Treatment

25.7. Antibiotics and the Blood-Brain Barrier

25.7.1. The Role of the Blood-Brain Barrier
25.7.2. The Crossing of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Antibiotics

Module 26. Zoonosis

26.1. General Aspects of Zoonotic Disease

26.1.1. General Concepts and Epidemiology of Zoonoses
26.1.2. Main International Zoonoses
26.1.3. Prion Zoonosis: Prions in the Etiology of Diseases
26.1.4. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (or Mad Cow Disease)
26.1.5. Main Control Measures of Zoonotic Diseases

26.2. Rabies

26.2.1. Epidemiology
26.2.2. Infectious Agents
26.2.3. Pathobiology
26.2.4. Clinical Picture
26.2.5. Diagnosis
26.2.6. Treatment

26.3. Bird Flue

26.3.1. Epidemiology
26.3.2. Infectious Agents
26.3.3. Pathobiology
26.3.4. Clinical Picture
26.3.5. Diagnosis
26.3.6. Treatment

26.4. Leptospirosis

26.4.1. Epidemiology
26.4.2. Infectious Agents
26.4.3. Pathobiology
26.4.4. Clinical Picture
26.4.5. Diagnosis
26.4.6. Treatment

26.5. Brucellosis

26.5.1. Epidemiology
26.5.2. Infectious Agents
26.5.3. Pathobiology
26.5.4. Clinical Picture
26.5.5. Diagnosis
26.5.6. Treatment

26.6. Toxoplasmosis

26.6.1. Epidemiology
26.6.2. Infectious Agents
26.6.3. Pathobiology
26.6.4. Clinical Picture
26.6.5. Diagnosis
26.6.6. Treatment

Module 27. Mycobacteriosis and Anaerobic Infections

27.1. General Overview of Mycobacteriosis

27.1.1. Microbiological Characteristics of Mycobacteria
27.1.2. Immune Response to Mycobacterial Infection
27.1.3. Epidemiology of Major Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Infections

27.2. Microbiological Methods for the Diagnosis of Mycobacterioses

27.2.1. Direct Methods
27.2.2. Indirect Methods

27.3. Intracellular Mycobacterium Avium Infection

27.3.1. Epidemiology
27.3.2. Infectious Agents
27.3.3. Pathobiology
27.3.4. Clinical Picture
27.3.5. Diagnosis
27.3.6. Treatment

27.4. Mycobacterium Kansaii Infection

27.4.1. Epidemiology
27.4.2. Infectious Agents
27.4.3. Pathobiology
27.4.4. Clinical Picture
27.4.5. Diagnosis
27.4.6. Treatment

27.5. Leprosy

27.5.1. Epidemiology
27.5.2. Infectious Agents
27.5.3. Pathobiology
27.5.4. Clinical Picture
27.5.5. Diagnosis
27.5.6. Treatment

27.6. Other Mycobacteriosis
27.7. Antimycobacterials

27.7.1. Pharmacological Characteristics
27.7.2. Clinical Use

27.8. Microbiological Characteristics of Anaerobic Germs

27.8.1. Microbiological Characteristics of Anaerobic Germs
27.8.2. Microbiological Studies

27.9. Pulmonary Abscess

27.9.1. Definition
27.9.2. Etiology
27.9.3. Clinical Picture
27.9.4. Diagnosis
27.9.5. Treatment

27.10. Intra-abdominal and Tubo-ovarian Abscesses

27.10.1. Definition
27.10.2. Etiology
27.10.3. Clinical Picture
27.10.4. Diagnosis
27.10.5. Treatment

27.11. Intracerebral Abscess

27.11.1. Definition
27.11.2. Etiology
27.11.3. Clinical Picture
27.11.4. Diagnosis
27.11.5. Treatment

27.12. Tetanus and Gangrene

27.12.1. Tetanus: Neonatal and Adult
27.12.2. Gangrene: Definition, Aetiology, Clinical Picture, Diagnosis, Treatment

27.13. Main Antimicrobials against Anaerobic Germs

27.13.1. Mechanism of Action
27.13.2. Pharmacokinetics
27.13.3. Dose
27.13.4. Introduction
27.13.5. Adverse Effects

Module 28. Mycoses and Parasitosis in Infectious Diseases

28.1. General Information on Fungi

28.1.1. General Features of Fungi
28.1.2. Immune Response to Fungi

28.2. Diagnostic Methods for Mycoses

28.2.1. Direct Methods
28.2.2. Indirect Methods

28.3. Superficial Mycosis: Tinea and Epidermatophytosis

28.3.1. Definition
28.3.2. Etiology
28.3.3. Clinical Picture
28.3.4. Diagnosis
28.3.5. Treatment

28.4. Deep Mycosis

28.4.1. Cryptococcosis
28.4.2. Histoplasmosis
28.4.3. Aspergillosis
28.4.4. Other Mycosis

28.5. Update on Antifungals

28.5.1. Pharmacological Elements
28.5.2. Clinical Use

28.6. General overview of parasitic diseases

28.6.1. General Features of Microbiological Parasites
28.6.2. Immune Response to Parasites
28.6.3. Immune Response to Protozoa
28.6.4. Immune Response to Helminths

28.7. Diagnostic Methods for Parasites

28.7.1. Diagnostic Methods for Protozoa
28.7.2. Diagnostic Methods for Helminths

28.8. Intestinal Parasites

28.8.1. Ascariasis
28.8.2. Oxiuriasis
28.8.3. Ancylostomiasis and Necatoriasis
28.8.4. Trichuriosis

28.9. Tissue Parasitosis

28.9.1. Malaria
28.9.2. Trypanosomiasis
28.9.3. Schistosomiasis
28.9.4. Leishmaniasis
28.9.5. Filariasis

28.10. Update on Antiparasitics

28.10.1. Pharmacological Elements
28.10.2. Clinical Use

Module 29. Multi-Resistance and Vaccines

29.1. The Silent Epidemic of Antibiotic Resistance

29.1.1. Globalization and Resistance
29.1.2. Change from Susceptible to Resistant of the Microorganisms

29.2. The Main Genetic Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance

29.2.1. Describe the Main Mechanisms of Antimicrobial Resistance
29.2.2. Selective Antimicrobial Pressure on Antimicrobial Resistance

29.3. Superbugs

29.3.1.  Pneumococcus Resistant to Penicillin and Macrolides
29.3.2. Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococci
29.3.3. Resistant Infections in Intensive Care Units (ICUs)
29.3.4. Resistant Urinary Tract Infections
29.3.5. Other Multi-Resistant Microorganisms

29.4. Resistant Viruses

29.4.1. HIV
29.4.2. Influenza
29.4.3. Hepatitis Viruses

29.5. Multidrug-resistant Malaria

29.5.1. Chloroquine Resistance
29.5.2. Resistance to Other Antimalarials

29.6. The Main Genetic Studies of Antimicrobial Resistance

29.6.1. Interpretation of Resistance Studies

29.7. Global Strategies for Reducing Antimicrobial Resistance

29.7.1. The Control of Prescribing Antibiotics
29.7.2. Microbiological Mapping and Clinical Practice Guidelines

29.8. General Overview of Vaccines

29.8.1. Immunological Basis of Vaccination
29.8.2. The Process of Vaccination Production
29.8.3.  Quality Control of Vaccines
29.8.4.  Vaccine Safety and Major Adverse Events
29.8.5. Clinical and Epidemiological Studies for Vaccine Approval

29.9. The Use of Vaccines

29.9.1. Vaccine-Preventable Diseases and Vaccination Programmes
29.9.2. Global Experiences of the Effectiveness of Vaccination Programmes
29.9.3. Vaccine Candidates for New Diseases

Module 30. Rare Infectious Diseases and Other Challenges in Infectious Diseases

30.1. General Overview of Rare Infectious Diseases

30.1.1. General Concepts
30.1.2.  Epidemiology of Rare or Uncommon Infectious Diseases

30.2. Bubonic Plague

30.2.1. Definition
30.2.2. Etiology
30.2.3. Clinical Picture
30.2.4. Diagnosis
30.2.5. Treatment

30.3. Lyme Disease

30.3.1. Definition
30.3.2. Etiology
30.3.3. Clinical Picture
30.3.4. Diagnosis
30.3.5. Treatment

30.4. Babesiosis

30.4.1. Definition
30.4.2. Etiology
30.4.3. Clinical Picture
30.4.4. Diagnosis
30.4.5. Treatment

30.5. Rift Valley Fever

30.5.1. Definition
30.5.2. Etiology
30.5.3. Clinical Picture
30.5.4. Diagnosis
30.5.5. Treatment

30.6. Diphyllobothriasis

30.6.1. Definition
30.6.2. Etiology
30.6.3. Clinical Picture
30.6.4. Diagnosis
30.6.5. Treatment

30.7. Zygomycosis

30.7.1. Definition
30.7.2. Etiology
30.7.3. Clinical Picture
30.7.4. Diagnosis
30.7.5. Treatment

30.8. Cysticercosis

30.8.1. Definition
30.8.2. Etiology
30.8.3. Clinical Picture
30.8.4. Diagnosis
30.8.5. Treatment

30.9. Kuru

30.9.1. Definition
30.9.2. Etiology
30.9.3. Clinical Picture
30.9.4. Diagnosis
30.9.5. Treatment

30.10. The Re-emergence of Old Diseases: Causes and Effects

30.10.1. Emerging and New Infectious Diseases that Demand New Approaches to their Control
30.10.2. The Rise of Microbiological Resistance to Antimicrobial Drugs
30.10.3. Development of New Antibiotics

A complete specialization that will take you through the knowledge you need to compete among the best"