Veterinarians must continue their training to adapt to new developments in this field”

Cardiovascular disorders in animals are highly significant because they can affect their quality of life and life expectancy. Advanced knowledge of cardiology is indispensable for large animal veterinarians: ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats), camelids (alpacas, camels and llamas), swine (pigs, wild boars) and equidae (donkeys and mules).

Cardiology in ruminants and swine has been limited, for a long time, due to the limited literature and diagnostic limitations, especially in advanced therapeutic procedures.

Regarding equidae, a high number of horses are used for sporting purposes and cardiac pathologies limit their capacity and even force the animal to withdraw from competition. This is more evident the more demanding the equine is in terms of sport and cardiovascular effort. The management of food species differs, but it also affects their production capacity.

This program covers the basics of Cardiology and delves into the most up-to-date and advanced techniques currently available, offering extensive and in-depth content. 

The Postgraduate diploma in Diagnostic Techniques in Cardiology in Large Animals brings together all the detailed information from the different areas of Cardiology at a high and advanced level of specialization, and is taught by renowned professors in the fields of internal medicine, cardiology and minimally invasive surgery in veterinary medicine.

Don't miss the opportunity to study this Postgraduate diploma with us. It's the perfect opportunity to advance your career and stand out in an industry with high demand for professionals”

This Postgraduate diploma in Diagnostic Techniques in Cardiology in Large Animals contains the most complete and up-to-date educational program on the market. The most important features of the specialization are:

• Development of practical cases presented by experts in Diagnostic Techniques in Cardiology in Large Animals
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• New developments on Diagnostic Techniques in Cardiology in Large Animals
• Practical exercises where self-assessment can be used to improve learning
• Special emphasis on innovative methodologies in Diagnostic Techniques in Cardiology in Large Animals
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

This Postgraduate diploma is the best investment you can make in selecting a refresher program to update your knowledge in veterinary cardiology"

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive learning programmed to train in real situations.

This program is designed around Problem Based Learning, whereby the specialist must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the academic year. For this purpose, the professional will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts in Diagnostic Techniques in Cardiology in Large Animals. 

This training comes with the best didactic material, providing you with a contextual approach that will facilitate your learning"

This 100% online program will allow you to combine your studies with your professional work while increasing your knowledge in this field"

The structure of the contents has been designed by the best professionals in the field of Diagnostic Techniques in Cardiology in Large Animals, with extensive experience and recognized prestige in the profession, backed by the volume of cases reviewed, studied and diagnosed, and with extensive knowledge of new technologies applied to veterinary medicine.

This Postgraduate diploma contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market" 

Module 1. General Examination of Large Animals with Cardiovascular Pathology: Equidae, Ruminants and Swine

1.1. Anamnesis, General and Specific Clinical Examination in Equidae

1.1.1. Medical history
1.1.2. General Physical Examination
1.1.3. Cardiovascular System Examination

1.2. Anamnesis, General and Specific Clinical Examination of Ruminants and Camelids

1.2.1. Ruminants

1.2.1.1. Medical history
1.2.1.2. General Physical Examination
1.2.1.3. Cardiovascular System Examination

1.2.2. Camelids

1.2.2.1. Medical history
1.2.2.2. General Physical Examination
1.2.2.3. Cardiovascular System Examination

1.3. General Auscultation of Heart Sounds

1.3.1. Interpretation of Normal Heart Sounds
1.3.2. General Characteristics of Heart Murmurs
1.3.3. Physiological Murmurs
1.3.4. Differential Diagnosis of Physiological Murmurs

1.4. Auscultation of Murmurs and Arrhythmias

1.4.1. Systolic Pathological Murmurs
1.4.2. Diastolic Pathological Murmurs
1.4.3. Continuous Murmurs
1.4.4. Irregular Rhythms

1.5. Blood Pressure Measurement

1.5.1. Role of Systemic Arterial Pressure
1.5.2. Reference Values
1.5.3. Alterations in Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure
1.5.4. Methods for Measuring Systemic Blood Pressure

1.6. Cardiac Output Measurement

1.6.1. Definition and Regulation of Cardiac Output
1.6.2. Monitoring
1.6.3. Indications for Monitoring

1.7. Interpretation of Blood Analysis I

1.7.1. Blood Count:
1.7.2. Leukogram
1.7.3. Platelet Disorders
1.7.4. Biochemistry

1.8. Interpretation of Blood Analysis II

1.8.1. Electrolyte Disorders
1.8.2. Troponin, BNP and ANP

1.9. Clinical Approach to Animals with Heart Murmur or Arrhythmias

1.9.1. Interpretation of Clinical Signs and Assessment of Clinical Significance
1.9.2. Prognosis

1.10. Clinical Approach to Syncope

1.10.1. Interpretation of Clinical Signs and Assessment of Clinical Significance
1.10.2. Prognosis

Module 2. Complementary non-invasive cardiovascular tests in large animals: equidae, ruminants and swine.

2.1. General Echocardiography Concepts

2.1.1. Ultrasound Characteristics
2.1.2. Ultrasound-Tissue Interaction
2.1.3. Ultrasound Image Formation
2.1.4. Equipment Features

2.2. Basic Ultrasound Modes

2.2.1. M-mode Ultrasound
2.2.2. Two-Dimensional Ultrasound
2.2.3. Doppler Technique
2.2.4. Speckle Tracking

2.3. Special Ultrasound Modes and Cardiac Formulas

2.3.1. Contrast Ultrasound
2.3.2. Stress Ultrasound
2.3.3. Transesophageal Ultrasound
2.3.4. Fetal Cardiac Ultrasound
2.3.5. Cardiac Formulas

2.4. Ultrasound Views

2.4.1. Right Hemithorax Views
2.4.2. Left. Hemithorax Views

2.5. Electrocardiogram Interpretation

2.5.1. Assessing Cardiac Function
2.5.2. Assessment of the Structure and Dimensions of the Chambers

2.6. What is an Electrocardiogram?

2.6.1. Anatomical and Electrophysiological Foundations
2.6.2. What Is It and How Does It Originate?

2.7. Recording Techniques

2.7.1. Einthoven's Classical System
2.7.2. Base-Apex Systems and Handheld Devices
2.7.3. Electrocardiogram Acquisition Modes

2.8. Electrocardiogram Interpretation

2.8.1. Normal Electrocardiogram
2.8.2. Determining Heart Rate
2.8.3. Interpreting Heart Rate
2.8.4. Electrocardiogram Waveform Interpretation

2.9. Electrocardiogram Abnormalities

2.9.1. Artefacts
2.9.2. Wave Morphological Abnormalities

2.10. How to Deal with an Electrocardiogram?

2.10.1. Reading Protocol
2.10.2. Tricks

Module 3. Advanced Cardiac Procedures: Interventionism, Minimally Invasive Surgery and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Large Animals: Equidae, Ruminants and Swine

3.1. Anesthesia of Patients Undergoing Cardiac Interventional and Minimally Invasive Surgery

3.1.1. Monitoring
3.1.2. General Anesthesia in Non-Critically Ill Patients
3.1.3. General Anesthesia in Critically Ill Patients
3.1.4. Anesthesia for On-Station Procedures

3.2. Endomyocardial Biopsy

3.2.1. Instruments
3.2.2. Technique
3.2.3. Indications for Use
3.2.4. Associated Complications

3.3. Pacemaker Implantation

3.3.1. Instruments
3.3.2. Technique
3.3.3. Indications for Use
3.3.4. Associated Complications

3.4. Septal Occlusion with Amplatzer Devices for Interventricular Communication

3.4.1. Instruments
3.4.2. Technique
3.4.3. Indications for Use
3.4.4. Associated Complications

3.5. Septal Occlusion of Aorto-Cardiac Fistulas with Amplatzer Devices

3.5.1. Instruments
3.5.2. Technique
3.5.3. Indications for Use
3.5.4. Associated Complications

3.6. Endovenous Electrical Cardioversion

3.6.1. Instruments
3.6.1. Technique
3.6.2. Indications for Use
3.6.3. Associated Complications

3.7. Electrophysiological Mapping

3.7.1. Instruments
3.7.2. Technique
3.7.3. Indications for Use
3.7.4. Associated Complications

3.8. Ablation of Supraventricular Arrhythmias

3.8.1. Instruments
3.8.2. Technique
3.8.3. Indications for Use
3.8.4. Associated Complications

3.9. Pericardiectomy by Thoracoscopy

3.9.1. Instruments
3.9.2. Technique
3.9.3. Indications for Use
3.9.4. Associated Complications

3.10. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

3.10.1. In Foals
3.10.2.In Adults

Achieve professional success with this high-level training provided by prestigious professionals with extensive experience in the sector"