Discover the latest updates in gynecologic cancer biology and treatment with this Advanced master’s degree in Integrative Gynecologic Oncology”

Today, gynecologic cancer represents a significant challenge to women's health worldwide. With the constant evolution in the understanding of the biology and pathology of these tumors, as well as diagnostic and treatment strategies, it is essential for medical specialists to be up-to-date on the latest advances in gynecologic oncology. The complexity and multidisciplinary nature of the care of these patients requires a comprehensive approach that addresses not only clinical aspects, but also psychosocial, ethical and quality of life aspects. 

Against this backdrop, TECH has created this Advanced master’s degree in Integrative Gynecologic Oncology. This is an update option for all specialists interested in deepening their knowledge in this field. The program syllabus includes a solid knowledge base in the biological basis of cancer, as well as in chemotherapy treatment, adverse effects and new therapies. The specific management of different types of gynecological cancers, such as endometrial, cervical, ovarian and vulvar cancer, as well as uterine sarcomas, is discussed in depth. 

The program has a team of highly trained teachers with extensive experience in the management of gynecological cancer, which guarantees quality and updated teaching. Furthermore, an educational methodology based on active and participatory teaching is used, with the use of clinical cases, group discussions and practical activities that allow participants to apply the knowledge acquired in real clinical situations. 

A significant advantage of the program is its comprehensive approach, which encompasses clinical, surgical, radiotherapeutic, oncologic and quality-of-life aspects of gynecologic cancer management. Participants will gain a holistic view of the disease and its approach, in a 100% online format that gives them the flexibility to combine it with their personal and professional lives. 

You will have a highly qualified teaching team with extensive experience in the management of gynecological cancer, guaranteeing quality and updated teaching”

This Advanced master’s degree in Integrative Gynecologic Oncology contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include:

• Practical case studies are presented by experts in and Oncology and Gynecology 
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Practical exercises where self-assessment can be used to improve learning
• A special emphasis on innovative methodologies in the Gynecological Oncology 
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments 
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection 

You will cover not only the clinical, but also the psychosocial, ethical and quality of life aspects of gynecologic cancer management, providing you with a holistic view of the disease”

Its teaching staff includes professionals from the field of education, who bring to this program the experience of their work, as well as recognized specialists from reference societies and prestigious universities. 

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide an immersive learning experience designed to prepare for real-life situations. 

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the student must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this purpose, the professional will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.

You will have clinical cases and practical activities that will allow you to apply the knowledge acquired in real clinical situations”

With a 100% online format, you can study at your own pace and combine it with your personal and professional life, without compromising your daily responsibilities”

The program includes high quality multimedia material, such as work guides, detailed videos and interactive resources, which enrich the participant's learning experience and facilitate the understanding of key concepts. Specialists will have access to a wide variety of educational resources that complement the theoretical classes, which will allow them to deepen their knowledge of the topics in a practical and applied manner.

Access workbooks, detailed videos and other high-quality interactive resources to enrich your learning experience”

Module 1. Biological Basis of Cancer

1.1. Cell Growth Regulation
1.2. Carcinogenesis and Carcinogens
1.3. Genetics of Cancer
1.4. Mechanisms of Apoptosis and Programmed Cell Death
1.5. Molecular Mechanisms of Cancer Production and Metastasis
1.6. Origin of Genetic Alterations
1.7. Epigenetic Changes and Oncogenes
1.8. Angiogenesis

Module 2. Basis of Chemotherapy Treatment, Adverse Affects and New Therapies

2.1. Introduction
2.2. Justification for the Use of Chemotherapy
2.3. Development of Cancer and the Influence of Chemotherapy

2.3.1. Tumor Growth
2.3.2. Cellular Cycle
2.3.3. Specific Drugs for each of the Cellular Phases

2.4. Factors that Influence Treatment

2.4.1. Tumor Characteristics
2.4.2. Patient Tolerence
2.4.3. Treatment Objectives
2.4.4. Pharmacological Factors and Administration Routes

2.5. Principles of Resistance to Drugs
2.6. Combined Therapies
2.7. Treatment or Dosis Adjustments
2.8. Drug Toxicity
2.9. General Management of Secondary Effects and Complications of Chemotherapy
2.10. Antineoplastic Agents in Gynecology

2.10.1. Alkylating Agents
2.10.2. Antibiotics
2.10.3. Antimetabolites
2.10.4. Plant Alkaloids
2.10.5. Topoisomerase 1 Inhibitors
2.10.6. Antiangiogenic Drugs
2.10.7. PARP Inhibitors
2.10.8. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
2.10.9. Other Drugs

2.11. Future Indications

Module 3. Endometrial Cancer I

3.1. Epidemiology and Etiopathogenesis
3.2. Precancerous Lesions
3.3. Hereditary Carcinoma
3.4. Pathological Anatomy and Different Types of Tumors
3.5. Diagnostic Process
3.6. Imaging Tests, Tumor Markers and Possible Screening
3.7. Molecular Diagnostic Tests
3.8. FIGO Clasiffication and Others

Module 4. Endometrial Cancer II

4.1. Introduction
4.2. General Aspects of Surgical Treatment
4.3. Low Risk Tumors (Stage I, Grade 1)
4.4. High Risk Tumors (Grade 2-3, Serous or Clear Cells)
4.5. Laparotomy vs. Laparoscopy
4.6. Introduction of Robotic Surgery
4.7. Surgical Technique for High Risk Tumors
4.8. Adjuvant Treatment

4.8.1. Observation without Additional Treatment

4.8.1.1. Low Risk, Early Stage, Low Grade

4.8.2. Adjuvant Radiotherapy

4.8.2.1. Early Stage, Intermediate and High Risk
4.8.2.2. Advanced Stages

4.8.3. Adjuvant Chemotherapy
4.8.4. Peculiarities of Serous Tumors and Clear Cells

4.9. Hormonal Treatment
4.10. Recurrent Endometrial Cancer

4.10.1. Surgical Management
4.10.2. Radiotherapy
4.10.3. Chemotherapy

4.11. Follow-up Treatment of Endometrial Cancer
4.12. Prognosis

Module 5. Cervical Cancer I

5.1. Epidemiology and Etiopathogenesis of the Disease
5.2. Precancerous Lesions and the Evolutionary Process
5.3. Risk Factors for Contracting the Disease
5.4. Notions about Cervical Pathology and HPV
5.5. Normal Colposcopy and Vulvoscopy
5.6. Abnormal Colposcopy and Vulvoscopy
5.7. Cervical Cancer Screening
5.8. Hereditary Carcinoma
5.9. Forms of Presentation in Anatomic Pathology
5.10. Diagnostic Process: Imaging Tests and Tumor Markers
5.11. Role of New Technologies such as PET-CT
5.12. FIGO and TNM Classification in Cervical Carcinoma

Module 6. Cervical Cancer II

6.1. Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)

6.1.1. CIN Surgery
6.1.2. CIN Immunotherapy

6.2. Invasive Treatment of Cervical Cancer

6.2.1. Radical Hysterectomy with Nerve Preservation
6.2.2. Less Radical Hysterectomy
6.2.3. Radical Endoscopic Hysterectomy
6.2.4. Selective Sentinel Node Biopsy
6.2.5. Para-Aortic Advanced Stage Lymphadenectomy Staging

6.3. Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy

6.3.1. Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy
6.3.2. Enhanced Radiation Therapy Treatment Modalities
6.3.3. Chemotherapy Modalities in Concurrent Treatment
6.3.4. Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy
6.3.5. Adjuvant Therapy after a Radical Hysterectomy
6.3.6. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
6.3.7. Adjuvant Therapy after Neoadjuvant and Previous Surgery

6.4. Treatment of Metastasis, Recurrent or Persistent Disease

6.4.1. Surgical Management
6.4.2. Chemotherapy

6.5. Management of Cervical Adenocarcinoma

6.5.1. Adenocarcinoma in Situ (AIS)
6.5.2. Comparison Between Squamous Cell Carcinomas and Adenocarcinomas
6.5.3. Surgery vs. Radiotherapy in Invasive Adenocarcinoma
6.5.4. Chemotherapy

6.6. Monitoring

Module 7. Ovarian Cancer I

7.1. Epidemiology of Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Cancer
7.2. Etiopathogenesis and tubal origin, new trends
7.3. Precancerous Lesions in the Fallopian Tubes
7.4. Ovarian Cancer Screening
7.5. Hereditary Carcinoma and How to Evaluate It
7.6. Histological Forms and Pathological Anatomy
7.7. Diagnostic Process

7.7.1. Clinical Symptoms
7.7.2. Ultrasound
7.7.3. Computerized Tomography
7.7.4. Magnetic Resonance
7.7.5. Positron Emission Tomography

7.8. Serum Tumor Markers

7.8.1. CA125
7.8.2. HE4
7.8.3. CA19.9.
7.8.4. CEA
7.8.5. Other Markers

7.9. FIGO Classification of the Disease

Module 8. Ovarian Cancer II

8.1. General Surgical Treatment
8.2. Complete Cytoreduction and Primary Debulking
8.3. Neoadjuvant Treatment and When to Choose It
8.4. Interval and Second Look Treatments
8.5. Adjuvant Therapy: Carboplatin-Taxol and Other Options
8.6. Radiotherapy: What Role Does it Play?
8.7. Hormonal Therapy Possibilities in Ovarian Cancer
8.8. Prognosis and Disease-Free Interval
8.9. Monitoring and Treatment of Relapses
8.10. Controversies in the Management of Ovarian Cancer
8.11. Peritoneal Carcinomas Hyperthermic Therapy
8.12. Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy, Indications and Results

Module 9. Vulvar Cancer I

9.1. Epidemiology and Relationship with HPV
9.2. Etiopathogenesis and Precancerous Lesions
9.3. VIN I, II, III VAIN and Other Lesions
9.4. Vulvar Cancer Screening
9.5. Hereditary Carcinoma
9.6. Anatomical Pathology and Histological Types
9.7. Imaging Tests and Extension Study
9.8. Tumor Markers: SCC

Module 10. Vulvar Cancer II

10.1. Introduction
10.2. Vulvar Paget’s Disease

10.2.1. General Aspects
10.2.2. Paget’s Disease Type 1

10.2.2.1. Prevalence
10.2.2.2. Clinical Characteristics
10.2.2.3. Diagnosis
10.2.2.4. Treatment

10.2.3. Paget’s Disease Type 2 and 3

10.3. Invasive Paget’s Disease

10.3.1. General Aspects
10.3.2. Prognosis

10.4. Invasive Vulva Carcinoma

10.4.1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
10.4.2. Clinical Characteristics
10.4.3. Diagnosis
10.4.4. Dissemination Pathways
10.4.5. Staging
10.4.6. Treatment

10.4.6.1. Primary Lesion Management
10.4.6.2. Local Control after Primary Surgical Treatment
10.4.6.3. Management of Ganglionic Chains
10.4.6.4. Post-Operative Care

10.4.6.4.1. Early postoperative complications
10.4.6.4.2. Late Postoperative Complications

10.4.6.5. Use of Sentinel Lymph Node

10.4.6.5.1. Advanced Disease
10.4.6.5.2. General Aspects
10.4.6.5.3. Management of Ganglionic Chains
10.4.6.5.4. Management of Primary Tumor

10.4.6.5.4.1. Surgery
10.4.6.5.4.2. Radiotherapy
10.4.6.5.4.3. Chemotherapy

10.4.6.6. Role of radiotherapy in vulvar cancer

10.4.7. Recurrent Vulvar Cancer
10.4.8. Prognosis
10.4.9. Monitoring

10.5. Vulva Melanoma

10.5.1. Introduction
10.5.2. Clinical Characteristics
10.5.3. Pathologic Anatomy
10.5.4. Staging
10.5.5. Treatment

10.5.5.1. Primary Lesion Management
10.5.5.2. Management of Ganglionic Chains

10.5.6. Prognosis

10.6. Bartholin’s Gland Carcinoma

10.6.1. General Aspects
10.6.2. Treatment
10.6.3. Prognosis

10.7. Basal Cell Carcinoma
10.8. Verrucous Carcinoma
10.9. Vulva Sarcoma

10.9.1. Introduction
10.9.2. Leiomyosarcoma
10.9.3. Epithelioid Sarcoma
10.9.4. Rhabdomyosarcoma
10.9.5. Merkel Cells Carcinoma

Module 11. Uterine Sarcoma I

11.1. Introduction
11.2. Epidemiology

11.2.1. Incidence
11.2.2. Age
11.2.3. Histological Distribution
11.2.4. Racial Distribution

11.3. Risk Factors

11.3.1. Heritage
11.3.2. Hormone Therapy
11.3.3. Radiation Exposure

11.4. Pathologic Anatomy

11.4.1. Leiomyosarcoma
11.4.2. STUMP
11.4.3. Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma
11.4.4. Carcinosarcoma
11.4.5. Endometrial Stromal Neoplasms
11.4.6. Stromal Nodule
11.4.7. Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma
11.4.8. Mullerian Adenosarcoma

11.5. Clinical Manifestations
11.6. Imaging Tests

11.6.1. Magnetic Resonance
11.6.2. Tumor Markers

11.7. FIGO Staging
11.8. Conclusions

Module 12. Uterine Sarcoma II

12.1. Introduction
12.2. Uterine Leiomyosarcoma

12.2.1. Early Stages

12.2.1.1. Surgery
12.2.1.2. Adjuvant Radiotherapy
12.2.1.3. Chemotherapy

12.2.2. Recurrent or Metastatic Disease

12.2.2.1. Surgery
12.2.2.2. Chemotherapy
12.2.2.3. Hormone Therapy

12.2.3. Prognostic Factors

12.3. Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma

12.3.1. Early Stages

12.3.1.1. Surgery
12.3.1.2. Pelvic Radiotherapy
12.3.1.3. Hormone Therapy

12.3.2. Recurrent or Metastatic Disease

12.3.2.1. Surgery
12.3.2.2. Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy

12.3.3. Prognostic Factors

12.4. Undifferentiated Endometrial Sarcoma

12.4.1. Early Stages

12.4.1.1. Surgery
12.4.1.2. Adjuvant Radiotherapy
12.4.1.3. Chemotherapy

12.4.2. Recurrent or Metastatic Disease

12.4.2.1. Surgery
12.4.2.2. Chemotherapy or Radiotherapy

12.4.3. Prognostic Factors

12.5. Conclusions

Module 13. Fertility Preservation

13.1. Indications of Fertility Preservation
13.2. Gametes Preservation
13.3. Role of Assisted Reproduction Techniques
13.4. Conservative Surgical Treatment
13.5. Oncological Prognosis after Fertility Conservation
13.6. Reproductive Results
13.7. Dealing with Pregnant Women with Gynecologic Cancer
13.8. New research paths and literature updates
13.9. Conservation of Ovarian Tissue
13.10. Uterine and Gonadal Tissue Transplantation

Module 14. Uncommon Gynecologic Tumors

14.1. Vagina Cancer

14.1.1. Introduction
14.1.2. Clinical Manifestations
14.1.3. Diagnosis
14.1.4. Pathologic Anatomy

14.1.4.1. Squamous Carcinoma
14.1.4.2. Adenocarcinoma
14.1.4.3. Sarcoma
14.1.4.4. Melanoma

14.1.5. Tumor Staging
14.1.6. Treatment of Disease

14.1.6.1. Surgery
14.1.6.2. Radiotherapy
14.1.6.3. Treatment Complications

14.1.7. Monitoring
14.1.8. Prognosis

14.2. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

14.2.1. Introduction and Epidemiology
14.2.2. Clinical Forms

14.2.2.1. Hydatidiform Mole

14.2.2.1.1. Complete Hydatidiform Mole
14.2.2.1.2. Partial Hydatidiform Mole

14.2.2.2. Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm

14.2.2.2.1. After Molar Pregnancy

14.2.2.2.1.1. Persistent Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasm

14.2.2.2.2. After Non-Molar Pregnancy

14.2.2.2.2.1. Choriocarcinoma
14.2.2.2.2.2. Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor

14.2.3. Diagnosis

14.2.3.1. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
14.2.3.2. Ultrasound Study

14.2.3.2.1. Complete Mole
14.2.3.2.2. Partial Mole
14.2.3.2.3. Invasive Mole
14.2.3.2.4. Choriocarcinoma and Placental Site Tumor

14.2.3.3. Other Imaging Techniques

14.2.4. Pathologic Anatomy

14.2.4.1. Hydatidiform Mole

14.2.4.1.1. Complete Mole
14.2.4.1.2. Partial Mole

14.2.4.2. Invasive Mole
14.2.4.3. Choriocarcinoma
14.2.4.4. Placental Site Trophoblastic Tumor
14.2.4.5. Epithelioid Trophoblastic Tumor

14.2.5. Staging
14.2.6. Treatment

14.2.6.1. Chemotherapy

14.2.6.1.1. Low Risk Disease
14.2.6.1.2. High Risk Disease and Metastasis
14.2.6.1.3. Chemoresistant Disease

14.2.6.2. Surgery

14.2.6.2.1. Molar Evacuation
14.2.6.2.2. Hysterectomy
14.2.6.2.3. Myometrial Resection
14.2.6.2.4. Pulmonary Resection
14.2.6.2.5. Craniotomy
14.2.6.2.6. Other Surgical Procedures
14.2.6.2.7. Selective Arterial Embolization

14.2.7. Post-Treatment Monitoring

14.2.7.1. Monitoring after Molar Evacuation
14.2.7.2. Monitoring after Gestational Neoplasm Treatment

14.2.8. Prognosis

14.3. Metastatic Tumor in the Genital Tract

14.3.1. Introduction
14.3.2. Clinical Manifestations

14.3.2.1. Secondary Tumors in the Uterine Body or Cervix

14.3.2.2.1. From Genital or Pelvic Organs
14.3.2.2.2. From Extragenital or Pelvic Organs

14.3.2.2. Secondary Tumors in the Vagina
14.3.2.3. Secondary Tumors on the Vulva
14.3.2.4. Secondary Tumors in the Ovaries

14.3.3. Diagnosis
14.3.4. Pathologic Anatomy

14.3.4.1. Gastrointestinal Tumors

14.3.4.1.1. Metastasis of Intestinal Cancer
14.3.4.1.2. Krukenberg Tumor

14.3.4.2. Ovarian Lymphona

14.3.5. Treatment and Prognosis

14.4. Neuroendocrine Tumors

14.4.1. Introduction
14.4.2. Pathologic Anatomy

14.4.2.1. Well-Differentiated Tumors
14.4.2.2. Poorly-Differentiated Tumors

14.4.3. Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis

14.4.3.1. Small Cell Tumor in the Vulva and Vagina
14.4.3.2. Small Cell Tumor in the Uterus
14.4.3.3. Neuroendocrine Tumors in the Cervix

14.4.3.3.1. Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma
14.4.3.3.2. Carcinoma neuroendocrino células grandes

14.4.3.4. Ovarian, Fallopian Tube and Wide Ligament Tumor

14.4.3.4.1. Ovarian Carcinoid

14.4.3.4.1.1. Insular Carcinoid
14.4.3.4.1.2. Trabecular Carcinoid
14.4.3.4.1.3. Mucinous Carcinoid
14.4.3.4.1.4. Strumal Carcinoid

14.4.3.4.2. Small Cell Lung Type
14.4.3.4.3. Undifferentiated Non-Small Cell Carcinoma

14.4.4. Treatment
14.4.5. Monitoring
14.4.6. Prognosis

14.5. Rectovaginal Septum Tumors

Module 15. Palliative Care and Nutrition

15.1. Introduction

15.1.1. Symptomology Associated with Gynecologic Tumors

15.2. Pain
15.3. Gastrointestinal Symptoms

15.3.1. Diarrhea
15.3.2. Constipation
15.3.3. Malignant Intestinal Obstruction

15.3.3.1. Conservative Treatment
15.3.3.2. Surgical Management

15.4. Ascites
15.5. Respiratory symptoms

15.5.1. Pleural Effusion

15.6. Edema
15.7. Anorexia and Weight Loss
15.8. Deep Vein Thrombosis
15.9. Pelvic Disease Progression

15.9.1. Vaginal Bleeding
15.9.2. Fistulas

15.10. Palliative Pelvic Exenteration
15.11. Metastasis of Other Organs

15.11.1. Liver
15.11.2. Brain
15.11.3. Bone
15.11.3.1. Hypercalcemia

15.12. Anxiety and Depression
15.13. Dying Patient Care

Module 16. Diagnostics in Mastology

16.1. Introduction to Imaging Diagnosis in Mastology
16.2. Radiological Interpretation in Breast Pathologies
16.3. Nodule and Asymmetries Breasts
16.4. Diagnostic Management of Microcalcifications and Distortion of the Breast Architecture
16.5. Mammary Interventionism
16.6. Pre-Treatment Clinical Staging in Breast Cancer
16.7. Other Indications of Mammary Magnetic Resonance
16.8. Treated and Operated Breast
16.9. Rare Breast Pathology. Special Situations
16.10. Advances in Mammary Diagnosis and Interventionism

Module 17. Pathologic Anatomy

17.1. Introduction to Breast Pathological Anatomy

17.1.1. Concepts. Anatomopathological Language
17.1.2. Methods for Studying Pathological Anatomy
17.1.3. Types of Samples
17.1.4. Clinical and Radiological Correlation

17.1.4.1. Surgical Specimen Orientation

17.1.5. Diagnosis: The Anatomopathological Report
17.1.6. Normal Breast

17.2. Benign Epithelial Tumors Papillary Neoplasms Premalignant Lesions

17.2.1. Benign Epithelial Proliferations and Precursors

17.2.1.1. Usual Ductal Hyperplasia
17.2.1.2. Columnar Cell Lesions, Including Flat Epithelial Atypia
17.2.1.3. Atypical Ductal Hyperplasia

17.2.2. Adenosis and Benign Sclerosing Lesions

17.2.2.1. Sclerosing Adenosis
17.2.2.2. Adenosis and Apocrine Adenoma
17.2.2.3. Adenosis Microglandular
17.2.2.4. Radial Scar and Complex Sclerosing Lesion

1 7.2.3. Adenomas

17.2.3.1. Tubular Adenoma
17.2.3.2. Lactational Adenoma
17.2.3.3. Ductal Adenoma

17.2.4. Epithelial-Myoepithelial Tumors

17.2.4.1. Pleomorphic Adenoma
17.2.4.2. Adenomyoepithelioma

17.2.5. Papillary Neoplasms

17.2.5.1. Intraductal Papilloma
17.2.5.2. Papillary Ductal Carcinoma in situ
17.2.5.3. Encapsulated Papillary Carcinoma
17.2.5.4. Solid Papillary Carcinoma in situ

17.2.6. Non-Invasive Lobular Neoplasia

17.2.6.1. Atypical Lobular Hyperplasia
17.2.6.2. Lobular Carcinoma in situ

17.2.7. Ductal Carcinoma in situ

17.3. Malignant Epithelial Tumors

17.3.1. Infiltrating Carcinoma and Subtypes

17.3.1.1. Infiltrating Carcinoma Without a Special Subtype
17.3.1.2. Microinfiltrating Carcinoma
17.3.1.3. Infiltrating Lobular Carcinoma
17.3.1.4. Tubular Carcinoma
17.3.1.5. Cribriform Carcinoma
17.3.1.6. Mucinous Carcinoma
17.3.1.7. Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma
17.3.1.8. Infiltrating Micropapillary Carcinoma
17.3.1.9. Infiltrating Solid Papillary Carcinoma
17.3.1.10. Infiltrating Papillary Carcinoma
17.3.1.11. Carcinoma with Apocrine Differentiation
17.3.1.12. Metaplastic Carcinoma

17.3.2. Saliva Gland Type Carcinomas

17.3.2.1. Acinar Cell Carcinoma
17.3.2.2. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
17.3.2.3. Secretor Carcinoma
17.3.2.4. Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
17.3.2.5. Polymorphous Adenocarcinoma
17.2.2.6. Tall Cell Carcinoma with Reverse Polarization

17.3.3. Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

17.3.3.1. Neuroendocrine Tumor
17.3.3.2. Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

17.4. Fibroepithelial Tumors Nipple-areola complex Tumors Hematolymphoid Tumors

17.4.1. Fibroepithelial Tumors

17.4.1.1. Hamartoma
17.4.1.2. Fibroadenoma
17.4.1.3. Tumor Phyllodes

17.4.2. Nipple-areola Complex Tumors

17.4.2.1. Syringomatous Tumor
17.4.2.2. Nipple Adenoma
17.4.2.3. Paget’s Disease of the Breast

17.4.3. Hematolymphoid Tumors

17.4.3.1. MALT Lymphoma
17.4.3.2. Follicular Lymphoma
17.4.3.3. Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma
17.4.3.4. Burkitt Lymphoma
17.4.3.5. Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma Associated with Breast Implantation

17.5. Mesenchymal Tumors

17.5.1. Vascular Tumours

17.5.1.1. Hemangioma
17.5.1.2. Angiomatosis
17.5.1.3. Atypical Vascular Lesions
17.5.1.4. Primary Angiosarcoma
17.5.1.5. Post-Radiation Angiosarcoma

17.5.2. Fibroblastic and Myofibroblastic Tumors

17.5.2.1. Nodular Fascitis
17.5.2.2. Myofibroblastoma
17.5.2.3. Desmoid Fibromatosis
17.5.2.4. Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor

17.5.3. Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors

17.5.3.1. Schwannoma
17.5.3.2. Neurofibroma
17.5.3.3. Granular Cells Tumor

17.5.4. Smooth Muscle Tumors

17.5.4.1. Leiomyoma
17.5.4.2. Leiomyosarcoma

17.5.5. Adipocytic Tumors

17.5.5.1. Lipoma
17.5.5.2. Angiolipoma
17.5.5.3. Liposarcomas

17.6. Clinical Pathological Special Situations Genetic Tumor Syndromes

17.6.1. Clinical Pathological Special Situations

17.6.1.1. Young Woman
17.6.1.2. Pregnancy and Lactation
17.6.1.3. Elderly Woman
17.6.1.4. Men
17.6.1.5. Hidden
17.6.1.6. Inflammatory Carcinoma

17.6.2. Genetic Tumor Syndromes

17.6.2.1. BRCA1/2-Associated Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome
17.6.2.2. Cowden Syndrome
17.6.2.3. Ataxia-Telangiectasia
17.6.2.4. TP53-Associated Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
17.6.2.5. CHEK2-Associated Li-Fraumeni Syndrome
17.6.2.6. CDH1-Associated Breast Cancer
17.6.2.7. Cancer Associated with PALB2
17.6.2.8. Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
17.6.2.9. Neurofibromatosis Type I

17.7. Non-Tumorous Pathology

17.7.1. Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia
17.7.2. Diabetic Mastopathy
17.7.3. Fibrosis
17.7.4. Mondor Disease
17.7.5. Changes Due to Breastfeeding
17.7.6. Mastitis

17.7.6.1. Mastitis Granulomatosa
17.7.6.2. Mastitis Non-Granulomatosa

17.8. Prognosis

17.8.1. Tumor Grade
17.8.2. Pathological Staging
17.8.3. Surgical Border
17.8.4. Sentinel Lymph Node

17.8.4.1. OSNA

17.8.5. Treatment-Oriented Immunohistochemistry Classes
17.8.6. Nomograms

17.8.6.1. Cases

17.9. Prediction

17.9.1. Evaluation of Response to Neoadjuvant Treatment
17.9.2. Prediction of the Response to Chemotherapy Treatment

17.9.2.1. Genetic Platforms Oncotye DX, Mamaprint, PAM50

17.9.3. Therapeutic Targets
17.9.4. NGS
17.9.5. Digital and Computational Pathology

17.9.5.1. Cases

17.10. Multimodality

17.10.1. Positive, Negative or Uncertain
17.10.2. Interpretation of Data in the Clinical Context

17.10.2.1. Statistics and Probability

17.10.3. Quality Control

17.10.3.1. Protocols

17.10.4. Pathologists in the Breast Unit

17.10.4.1. Difficult Cases: are tumors, occult primary, non-breast OSNA, very long monitoring processes

17.10.5. Conclusions

Module 18. Functional Anatomy

18.1. Radiological Anatomy of the Mammary Region
18.2. Radiological Anatomy of the Donor Regions in Reconstructive Breast Surgery
18.3. Surgical Anatomy in Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery Topography, Anatomic Relations
18.4. Muscular Surroundings
18.5. Arterial and Venous Vascularization

18.5.1. Key Points of Vascularization in the Conservation of Skin and Areola
18.5.2. Key Points of Vascularization in the Muscular Preservation and Local Flaps

18.6. Lymphatic Drainage
18.7. Innervation
18.8. Axillary Cavity

18.8.1. Limits
18.8.2. Vascular Content
18.8.3. Nerve Content
18.8.4. Ganglionic Content, Berg Levels, Surgical Approaches to the Axilla

18.9. Internal Mammary Role in Free Flaps
18.10. Supraclavicular Region

Module 19. Embriology, Malformations, Intersexual States

19.1. Embryology
19.2. Physiology
19.3. Mammary malformations

19.3.1. Polymastia
19.3.2. Muscle Abnormalities and Agenesis Poland Syndrome
19.3.3. Tubular Breasts
19.3.4. Alterations of the Nipple-areola Complex

19.4. Macromastia and Micromastia
19.5. Gynecomastia
19.6. Intersexual Syndromes
19.7. Breast Cancer in Childhood and Adolescence:

19.7.1. Environmental Causes
19.7.2. Genetic Causes

19.8. Inflammatory Disease

19.8.1. Acute Mastitis Abscess
19.8.2. Chronic Mastitis
19.8.3. Mondor Disease
19.8.4. Plasmatic Cell Mastitis
19.8.5. Periductal Mastitis

19.9. Systemic

19.9.1. Sarcoidosis
19.9.2. Granulomatosis
19.10. Burns in the Mammary Area in Childhood and Adolescence

Module 20. Locoregional Surgical Treatment in Malignant Breast Pathology

20.1. Role of Locoregional Treatment within a Patient-Based Multimodal Effort

20.1.1. Pre-Therapeutic Diagnostic Assessment and Strategy
20.1.2. Importance of Neoadjuvant Therapy
20.1.3. Importance of Inflammation: Healing Reaction
20.1.4. R0 Resection, Residual Disease and Therapeutic Consolidation Surgical
20.1.5. Pre and Perioperative Care

20.1.5.1. Antibiotic Prophylaxis
20.1.5.2. Thromboembolic Prophylaxis
20.1.5.3. MRSA Screening
20.1.5.4. Position in the Operating Room
20.1.5.5. Locoregional Analgesia
20.1.5.6. Nursing Care

20.1.6. Types of Surgical Procedure in Breast Cancer Selection Criteria

20.2. Conservative Breast Surgery: Fundamentals and Lumpectomy

20.2.1. Indications
20.2.2. Oncologic Principles
20.2.3. Plastic Principles
20.2.4. Guided Surgery

20.2.4.1. Wire
20.2.4.2. Markers
20.2.4.3. Isotopic (ROLL)
20.2.4.4. Seeds

20.2.5. Tumorectomy

20.2.5.1. Lymph Node Involvement
20.2.5.2. Incisions
20.2.5.3. Drainages

20.3. Conservative Breast Surgery: Oncoplastic Surgery

20.3.1. Foundations, Pioneers and History
20.3.2. Oncoplastic Procedures Quadrant by Quadrant
20.3.3. Oncoplastic Procedures Divided into Central Breast, Mid Breast; Social Breast and Peripheral Breast
20.3.4. Tubular Breasts and Breast Cancer

20.4. Reduction Mamoplasties and Breast Cancer

20.4.1. Indications
20.4.2. Types

20.5. Reduction Mammoplasties Quadrant by Quadrant

20.5.1. Contralateral Breast Symmetrization Mammoplasty

20.6. Mastectomy

20.6.1. Modified Radical Mastectomy Current Status

20.6.1.1. Description of the Modified Radical Mastectomy in the Current Day: Indications and Alternatives
20.6.1.2. Other Radical Mastectomies

20.6.2. Skin and CAP Conservative Mastectomy
20.6.3. Skin-Sparing Mastectomy
20.6.4. Reconstructive Aspects of Conservative Mastectomies

20.6.4.1. Prosthesis, Meshes and Matrices
20.6.4.2. Autologous Tissues
20.6.4.3. Immediate Reconstruction - Deferred

20.7. Stage IV Surgery, Recurrence and Metastases

20.7.1. When and How to Operate on a Metstatic Breast Cancer
20.7.2. Role of Surgery in Locoregional Recurrence, Within a Multidisciplinary Effort
20.7.3. Role of Surgery in Locoregional Palliation Within a Multidisciplinary Effort
20.7.4. Surgery in Locally Advanced Cancer
20.7.5. Electrochemotherapy

20.8. Lymphatic Surgery in Breast Cancer Significance and Importance

20.8.1. Importance of Preoperative Axillary Diagnosis and Marking

20.9. Selective Sentinel Node Biopsy
20.10. Surgical Management of the Axilla Postneadjuvancy

Module 21. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

21.1. Augmentation Mammoplasty

21.1.1. In Benign Pathology
21.1.2. In Symmetrization Augmentation Mammoplasty vs. Contralateral Glandectomy and Reconstruction
21.1.3. In Reparation of Sequelae of Conservative Surgery Local Flaps

21.2. Reduction Mammoplasty and Mastopexy
21.3. Breast Reconstruction: Immediate, Deferred and Immediate-Deferred

21.3.1. Radiological and Surgical Anatomy of the Breast Reconstruction
21.3.2. Preoperative Vascular Map

21.4. Prosthetic Reconstruction: Indications, Modes and Techniques
21.5. Pedicled Autologous Flaps

21.5.1. Local: Thoracodorsal Flap
21.5.2. Distance Broad Dorsal

21.5.2.2. TRAM Flap

21.6. Free Autologous Flaps

21.6.1. DIEP
21.6.2. Gracilis
21.6.3. Glute
21.6.4. Miscellaneous
21.6.5. CAP Reconstruction. Postoperative Management of Reconstructive Surgery

21.7. Sequelae Surgery
21.8. Sequelae of Conservative Breast Surgery and its Treatment
21.9. Scar Management
21.10. Lymphedema Surgery

21.10.1. Axillary Reverse Map
21.10.2. Surgical Management of Established Lymphedema

Module 22. Systemic Therapy in Breast Cancer

22.1. Cellular Cycle, Oncogenesis and Pharmacogenomics in Breast Cancer
22.2. Pharmokinetics and Tumor Response
22.3. Hormone Therapy

22.3.1. Basics of Hormone Therapy
22.3.2. Drugs Used

22.3.2.1. Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
22.3.2.2. GnRH Analogs
22.3.2.3. Aromatase Inhibitors
22.3.2.4. Antiestrogens
22.3.2.5. Antiprogestorens
22.3.2.6. Antiandrógenos

22.3.3. Prophylactic

22.3.3.1. Indications
22.3.3.2. Drugs Used

22.3.3.2.1. Tamoxifen
22.3.3.2.2. Raloxifen
22.3.3.2.3. Others

22.3.3.2.3.1. Retinoids
22.3.3.2.3.2. Cycloxygenase Inhibitors
22.3.3.2.3.3. Phytoestrogens
22.3.3.2.3.4. Statins
22.3.3.2.3.5. Tibolone
22.3.3.2.3.6. LHRH Analogs
22.3.3.2.3.7. Bisphosphonates
22.3.3.2.3.8. Calcium
22.3.3.2.3.9. Selenium
22.3.3.2.3.10. Vitamin D and E
22.3.3.2.3.11. Lapatinib
22.3.3.2.3.12. Metformina

22.3.4. Adjuvant

22.3.4.1. Indications
22.3.4.2. Duration
22.3.4.3. Early Disease

22.3.4.3.1. Tamoxifen
22.3.4.3.2. Aromatase Inhibitors
22.3.4.3.3. LHRH Analogs

22.3.4.4. Advanced Disease

22.3.4.4.1. Tamoxifen
22.3.4.4.2. Aromatase Inhibitors
22.3.4.4.3. LHRH Analogs and Surgical Castration
22.3.4.4.4. Cyclin 4-6 Inhibitors

22.3.5. Neoadjuvant

22.3.5.1. Indications
22.3.5.2. Schemes
22.3.5.3. Duration

22.4. Chemotherapy General Concepts

22.4.1. Basics of Chemotherapy

22.4.1.1. Importance of Dosis
22.4.1.2. Resistance to Chemotherapy

22.4.2. Drugs Used

22.5. First Line

22.5.1. Anthracyclines
22.5.2. Taxanes
22.5.3. Paclitaxel
22.5.4. Nab-Paclitaxel
22.5.5. Docetaxel
22.5.6. Others

22.5.6.1. Other Lines

22.6. Adjuvant

22.6.1. Early Disease

22.6.1.1. Schemes

22.6.2. Advanced Disease

22.6.2.1. Indications
22.6.2.2. Schemes

22.6.3. Neoadjuvant

22.6.3.1. Indications and Outlines

22.7. Target Therapies

22.7.1. Drugs Used

22.7.1.1. Anti Her2
22.7.1.2. Anti Angiogenics
22.7.1.3. mTor Inhibitors
22.7.1.4. Cyclin Inhibitor
22.7.1.5. Tirosin Kinasa Inhibitor

22.7.2. Adjuvant

22.7.2.1. Indications
22.7.2.2. Schemes

22.7.3. Neoadjuvant

22.7.3.1. Indications
22.7.3.2. Schemes

22.8. Immunotherapy
22.9. Support Therapies

22.9.1. Colony Stimulators
22.9.2. Antiemetics
22.9.3. Heart Protectors
22.9.4. Anti-alopecia

22.10. Complications

22.10.1. Infection in the Neutropenic Patient
22.10.2. Fungal and Viral Infections in Patients During Chemotherapy
22.10.3. Endocrine and Metabolic Complications in Patients During Chemotherapy
22.10.4. Emergency Oncology

Module 23. Radiotherapy

23.1. Basis of Radiotherapy

23.1.1. Radiobiology
23.1.2. Immunotherapy

23.2. Indications of Radiotherapy Treatment in the Breast

23.2.1. Radiotherapy after Conservative Treatment
23.2.2. Radiotherapy after Mastectomy
23.2.3. Radiation Therapy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
23.2.4. Radiotherapy on Ganglionic Chains

23.3. Fractionation in Breast Cancer

23.3.1. Normofractionation
23.3.2. Hypofractionation

23.4. New Techniques

23.4.1. Partial Breast Irradiation: IORT, SBRT, External Beam Radiation Therapy

23.5. Radiotherapy in E IV patients: Oligometastatic Disease Palliative Radiotherapy
23.6. Reirradiation in Breast Cancer Radioprophylaxis Radiation Induced Breast Neoplasms
23.7. Radiotherapy and Quality of Life

23.7.1. Toxicity
23.7.2. Life Habits During Radiotherapy Treatment

23.8. Surgery Coordinated with Radiotherapy: Advantages

Module 24. Precision Oncology and Breast Cancer

24.1. Genomic Phenomena in the Progression of Breast Cancer
24.2. Genome, Transcriptome, Proteinome
24.3. Epigenetics
24.4. Germinal Line
24.5. Somatic Line
24.6. Fluid Biopsy
24.7. Risk signatures
24.8. Poor Responders
24.9. Relapse
24.10. Future

Develops solid skills through the use of real clinical cases, promoting clinical practice-based decision making”