University certificate
The world's largest faculty of dentistry”
Why study at TECH?
Thanks to this Professional master’s degree you will get the up-to-date knowledge in Pediatric Dentistry you were looking for"
Patients with special dental care needs encounter numerous challenges for adequate, tailored dental care and treatment. It is an important population group, as well as that of children who need highly qualified professionals. This Professional master’s degree in Updated Pediatric Dentistry delves into the main aspects that make up pediatric dentistry oral care in children, from birth to 14 years of age.
An update that the dental professional will achieve throughout this 12-month program, thanks to the educational content provided by a large teaching team specialized in this field. Their extensive knowledge and extensive experience in oral care and intervention in children will be reflected in multimedia material consisting of video summaries, videos in detail, essential readings and clinical case scenarios that will be very useful in the development of this program.
A program where the professional will delve into the structures of the mouth, its functioning, the establishment of a dental home, the accompaniment of the child and their family, the care and maintenance of a healthy mouth, the recognition of the various pathologies that can occur in the oral and dental area. In addition, this program will help students to be aware of the latest developments in treatments, especially in children who require special dental care.
A 100% online Professional master’s degree that gives students the flexibility of being able to study a university program, wherever and whenever they wish. It only requires an electronic device with internet connection to access the complete syllabus, without attendance or fixed schedules. This allows you to distribute the teaching load according to your needs, without neglecting other areas of your personal or professional life. An excellent opportunity offered to dental professionals who want to update their knowledge through a high-level educational program.
Download content from the multimedia resource library and access it when you need it"
This Professional master’s degree in Updated Pediatric Dentistry contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include:
- More than 75 clinical cases presented by experts in comprehensive pediatric dentistry. The graphic, schematic, and eminently practical contents with which they are created provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional
- Diagnostic-therapeutic developments on assessment, diagnosis, and treatment in comprehensive pediatric dentistry
- It contains practical exercises where the self-evaluation process can be carried out to improve learning
- Iconography of clinical and diagnostic imaging tests
- An algorithm-based interactive learning system for decision-making in the clinical situations presented throughout the course
- With special emphasis on evidence-based medicine and research methodologies in comprehensive pediatric dentistry
- All this will be complemented by theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
- Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection
Over 12 months you will learn in depth about the main techniques in Pediatric Dentistry. All this online and with the most up-to-date content"
The teaching staff includes professionals from the field of comprehensive pediatric dentistry, who bring their experience to this training program, as well as renowned specialists from leading scientific societies.
The multimedia content developed with the latest educational technology will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide an immersive training program to train in real situations.
This program is designed around Problem Based Learning, whereby the student will must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the course. For this purpose, the dentist will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts in the field of comprehensive pediatric dentistry with extensive teaching experience.
It provides an in-depth study of the surgical preoperative period in Pediatric Dentistry and the main techniques applied in dental restoration"
An educational program in which you will delve into oral care and the latest studies on dental trauma"
Syllabus
The structure of the contents has been designed by a team of professionals from the best dental centers and universities in the national territory, aware of the relevance of current training to be able to intervene in the need for updated comprehensive pediatric dentistry, and committed to quality teaching through new educational technologies.
This Professional master’s degree in Updated Pediatric Dentistry contains a complete and up-to-date scientific program"
Module 1. Pediatric Dentistry: Basics
1.1. Introdution to Pediatric Dentistry
1.1.1. What is Pediatric Dentistry and What is the Role of the Pediatric Dentist in Today's Dentistry?
1.1.2. Vision and Objectives of the Pediatric Dentist
1.1.3. Historic Evolution of Pediatric Dentistry
1.1.4. Comprehensive or Full Care of the Pediatric Patient
1.1.5. Differences Between Pediatric Dentistry and Other Dental Specialities. Differences between Pediatric and Adult Patients
1.1.6. Characteristics of an "Ideal" Pediatric Dentist and the Challenges of the Future in Pediatric Dental Care
1.2. Clinical Examination in Pediatric Dentistry
1.2.1. First Visit in Pediatric Dentistry: Objectives, Requirements and Tools
1.2.2. Medical history: Objective, Fundamentals and Structure
1.2.3. Clinical Examination: Objective, Characteristics and Structure
1.2.4. Extraoral Clinical Examination
1.2.5. Intraoral Clinical Examination
1.2.6. Oral Hygiene Evaluation
1.2.7. Diet Evaluation
1.3. Radiological Examination and Complementary Tests
1.3.1. Radiological Tests
1.3.1.1. Advantages. Types
1.3.1.2. Extraoral X-rays: Lateral Skull Orthopantomography, Wrist X-ray: Objectives
1.3.1.3. Advantages. Indicated Time of Execution and Disadvantages
1.3.1.4. Intraoral X-rays. Bitewing, Periapical and Occlusal X-rays: Objectives, Indications, Advantages, Disadvantages and Materials. Criteria: Age and Risk of Caries
1.3.2. Complementary Tests
1.3.2.1. Laboratory Tests: Usefulness
1.3.2.2. Study Models: Indications
1.3.2.3. Clinical Images: Advantages
1.4. Diagnosis and Treatment Plan
1.4.1. The Diagnostic Process. Concept
1.4.2. Information: Need and Requirement
1.4.3. Provisional Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis and Definitive Diagnosis
1.4.4. Therapeutic Process: Objectives
1.4.5. Adequate Treatment: Rationale, Requirements, Objectives and Phases
1.4.5.1. Immediate Phase (Urgent Measures)
1.4.5.2. Systemic Phase (Medical Alerts)
1.4.5.3. Preparatory Phase (Preventive Measures)
1.4.5.4. Corrective Phase (Operative Dentistry)
1.4.5.5. Maintenance Phase
1.4.5.6. Schedule or Appointment-Based Planning: Importance
1.5. Chronology and Morphology of Primary and Permanent Dentition, Eruption and Dental Occlusion
1.5.1. Chronology of Human Dentition. Importance
1.5.2. Nolla’s Phases of Dental Development
1.5.3. Morphology of Temporary Dentition. Importance. Characteristics
1.5.4. Differences Between Temporary (TT) and Permanent (PT) Teeth
1.5.5. General Characteristics of the Temporal Incisor Group
1.5.6. Clinical Repercussions of the Differences Between TT and PT
1.5.7. General Characteristics of the Temporal Canine Group
1.5.8. General Characteristics of the Temporal Molar Group
1.6. Nomenclature and Dental Identification Systems
1.6.1. Introduction
1.6.2. Guide for the Identification of Teeth. Shape and color, presence of mamelons, eruption status, chronological age and history of premature extractions
1.6.3. Primary and Permanent Dentition Nomenclature
1.6.4. Dental Identification Systems
1.6.4.1. International System or FDI
1.6.4.2. Universal or American System
1.6.4.3. Zsigmondy or Palmer System
1.6.4.4. Haderup or German System
Module 2. Growth and Development: Changes in Orofacial Structures and Associated Pathologies
2.1. Growth and Development
2.1.1. Introduction
2.1.2. Definitions and Fundamentals of Growth and Development
2.1.2.1. Prenatal Growth
2.1.2.2. Postnatal Growth
2.1.2.3. Factors That Impact Growth and Development
2.1.2.4. Theories of Growth and Development
2.1.2.5. Basic Concepts of General and Craniofacial Growth
2.1.2.6. Development of the Maxilla
2.1.2.7. Jaw Development
2.1.2.8. Growth and Development of the Dental Arches. Primary Dentition Stages, Mixed Dentition Stages, Anterior Replacement, Lateral Replacement. Dimensional Changes of the Arches
2.1.2.9. Differential Human Growth. Krogman's Childhood Ages, Growth Markers, Growth Acceleration (Spikes) and Growth Assessment Methods and Their Importance in Pediatric Dentistry
2.2. Dentition Development, Eruption, Exfoliation and Occlusion of Teeth
2.2.1. Introduction. Dental Development. Odontogenesis
2.2.2. Stages of Dental Development
2.2.2.1. Stages of Morphological Development
2.2.2.2. Stages of Histophysiological Development
2.2.3. Dental Eruption and Exfoliation
2.2.3.1. Concepts and Theories of Eruption
2.2.3.2. Stages of Eruption: Pre-Eruptive/Pre-Functional and Post-Eruptive/Functional Eruption
2.2.3.3. Dental Exfoliation
2.2.4. Clinical Problems During Dental Eruption
2.2.4.1. Eruption of the First Teeth, “Teething”, and Their Management
2.2.4.2. Natal and Neonatal Teeth
2.2.4.3. Other Oral Lesions Connected to Eruption
2.2.4.3.1. Factors Affecting Dentition Development. Local and Systemic Factors
2.2.5. Occlusion Development
2.2.5.1. Characteristics and Different Stages
2.2.5.2. Gingival Flange
2.2.5.3. Occlusion in Primary Dentition
2.2.5.4. Occlusion in Mixed Dentition
2.2.5.5. Occlusion in Permanent Dentition
2.3. Anomalies in Tooth Development
2.3.1. Anomalies in Shape and Number
2.3.1.1 Introduction
2.3.1.2. Alterations in Tooth Number: Concept
2.3.1.3. Dental Agenesis: Etiology and Manifestations
2.3.1.4. Clinics, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Options
2.3.1.5. Supernumerary Teeth: Etiology and Manifestations
2.3.1.6. Clinics, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Options
2.3.1.7. Local Morphological Alterations: Regional Odontodysplasia, Macrodontia and Microdontia, Gemmation, Fusion, Cusps and Accessory Tubercles, Dens in Dente and Taurodontism
2.3.2. Abnormalities of Enamel Structure
2.3.2.1. Enamel. Nature
2.3.2.2. Histology of Healthy Enamel
2.3.2.3. Amelogenesis
2.3.3. Alterations of the Enamel as a Syndromic Feature
2.3.4. Genetic Dysplasias: Amelogenesis Imperfecta. Generalities and Types
2.3.4.1. AI Type i Hypoplastic
2.3.4.2. AI Type ii Hypomaturative
2.3.4.3. AI Type iii Hypocalcified
2.3.4.4. AI Type iv Hypomaturative-Hypoplastic With Taurodontism
2.3.5. Environmental Dysplasias
2.3.5.1. Hypoplasia Due to Fluoride Ingestion
2.3.5.2. Hypoplasia Due to Nutritional Deficits
2.3.5.3. Hypoplasias Due to Exanthematous Diseases
2.3.5.4. Hypoplasias Due to Prenatal Infections
2.3.5.5. Hypoplasias Due to Neuropathies
2.3.5.6. Hypoplasias Due to Inborn Errors of Metabolism
2.3.6. Hypoplasias Due to Local Factors: Apical Infection, Trauma, Surgery, Irradiation
2.3.7. Treating Hypoplastic Teeth
2.4. Incisor-Molar Hypomineralization (IMH). Etiology and Diagnosis
2.4.1. The Concept of Incisor-Molar Hypomineralization
2.4.2. Histological Features of Hipomineralized Enamel
2.4.3. The Tissues Under Hypomineralized Enamel: Dentin-Pulp Complex
2.4.4. Etiological Factors
2.4.4.1. Genetic and Ethnic Factors
2.4.5. Environmental Factors
2.4.5.1. Hypoxia
2.4.5.2. Hypocalcemia
2.4.5.3. Hypokalemia
2.4.5.4. High Fever
2.4.5.5. Drugs
2.4.5.6. Environmental Toxicity
2.4.5.7. Breastfeeding
2.4.5.8. Fluoride
2.4.5.9. Others
2.4.6. Influence of the Period of Action of the Causative Agent on the Development of Incisor-Molar Hypomineralization
2.4.7. Clinical Manifestations
2.4.7.1. Pattern of Affectation
2.4.7.2. Diagnostic Criteria
2.4.7.3. Associated Clinical Problems
2.4.8. Differential Diagnosis
2.4.9. Severity Criteria
2.4.10. Epidemiological Analysis
2.5. Incisor-Molar Hypomineralization (IMH). Prevention and Treatment
2.5.1. Prevention
2.5.1.1. Dietary and Oral Hygiene Recommendations
2.5.1.2. Early Diagnosis
2.5.1.3. Remineralization and Desensitization
2.5.1.4. Pit and Fissure Sealants
2.5.2. Restorative Treatment
2.5.2.1. Treatment of Enamel Opacities in Incisors
2.5.2.2. Restorative and Prosthetic Treatment of Molar Teeth
2.5.2.3. General Aspects of Cavity Preparation
2.5.2.4. Molar Restoration
2.5.2.5. Difficulties Treating Teeth With IMH
2.5.2.6. Causes and Consequences of Bonding Difficulties in Enamel and Dentin
2.5.3. Exodontics
2.5.4. Affected Behavior in Patients With Previous Experience of Pain
2.6. Abnormalities of Dentin Structure
2.6.1. Introduction
2.6.2. Dentin Alterations as a Syndromic Element: Familial Hypophosphatemic Rickets, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Other Syndromes
2.6.3. Genetic Dysplasias
2.6.3.1. Dentinogenesis Imperfecta: Classification: Shields Type i, ii and iii
2.6.3.2. Dentin Dysplasia: Classification: Shields Type i, ii and iii
2.6.4. Treating Hypoplastic Teeth
2.7. Eruption Abnormalities
2.7.1. Introduction
2.7.2. Natal and Neonatal Teeth
2.7.3. Development Cysts
2.7.4. Early Eruption. Late Eruption
2.7.5. Premature Loss of Primary Teeth
2.7.6. Ectopic Eruption
2.7.7. Dental Ankylosis
2.7.8. Failure of Permanent Teeth to Erupt
2.8. Dental Erosion in Children
2.8.1. Concept
2.8.2. Epidemiology of Dental Erosion
2.8.3. Pathogenesis of Dental Erosion
2.8.4.1. Biological Factors: Saliva and the Anatomy of the Hard and Soft Tissues of the Mouth
2.8.4.2. Chemical Factors: Nature, Acidity, pH and Buffery Capacity, Adhesion and Mineral Content of Food
2.8.4.3. Behavioral Factors: Daytime and Nighttime Food and Beverage Consumption, Vomiting, Regurgitation, and Intake of Medications and Oral Hygiene
2.8.4.4. General Health Status of the Child
2.8.4.5. Habits
2.8.4.6. Education and Socioeconomic Level
2.8.4.7. Knowledge on the Etiology of the Disease
2.8.5. Clinical Manifestations
2.8.6. Diagnosis of Dental Erosion
2.8.7. Differential Diagnosis of Dental Erosion
Module 3. Psychology, Behaviour and Behavioural Guidance
3.1. Pediatric Psychological Development. Applied Pediatric Psychobiology
3.1.1. Applied Pediatric Psychobiology: Children's Characteristics
3.1.2. Theories of Childhood Development and Factors that Govern Children’s Behaviour
3.1.3. Characteristics of Children Under 3 Years Old
3.1.4. Characteristics of Children Between 3 and 5 Years Old
3.1.5. Characteristics of Children Between 6 and 12 Years Old
3.1.6. Characteristics of Preadolescents and Adolescents
3.1.7. The “Dos” and “Dont’s” of Pediatric Dentistry
3.2. Factors that Determine Childhood Behaviour in the Dental Clinic
3.2.1. Patient Age
3.2.2. Degree of Maturity
3.2.3. Temperament: Anxiety, Fear and Anger
3.2.4. Previous Medical or Dental Life Experiences
3.2.5. The Pediatric Dentistry Team
3.2.5.1. Auxiliary Staff
3.2.5.2. The Pediatric Dentist: Attitudes of the Professional, Training and Experience
3.3. Guide of Childhood Behaviour. Basic Techniques
3.3.1. Patient Classification According to Their Degree of Collaboration
3.3.1.1. Wright’s Classification
3.3.1.2. Lampshire’s Classification
3.3.1.3. Frankl’s Classification
3.3.1.4. Venham’s Classification
3.3.2. Principles for Behavioral Guidance
3.3.3. Basic Techniques for Behavioral Guidance
3.3.3.1. Techniques for Establishing Communication: Say/Show/Do
3.3.3.2. Techniques for the Prevention or Modification of Inappropriate or Dangerous Behavior. Positive and negative reinforcement; nonverbal communication/voice control; gradual exposure; parental presence/absence; modeling; distraction; hand-over-mouth
3.3.3.3. Nitrous Oxide
3.4. Guide of Childhood Behaviour. Advanced Techniques
3.4.1. Advanced Techniques for Behavioral Guidance
3.4.1.1. Stabilization for Physical Protection. Mechanical Stabilization of the Body. Mechanical Stabilization of the Mouth
3.4.1.2. Sedation
3.4.1.3. General Anesthesia
3.5. Pharmacological Handling of Behavior. Sedation
3.5.1. Minimal and Moderate Sedation
3.5.1.1. Principles
3.5.1.2. Objectives
3.5.1.3. Warnings on Minimal and Moderate Sedation
3.5.2. Deep Sedation
3.5.2.1. Warnings on Deep Sedation
3.5.3. Patient Selection
3.5.4. Patient’s Medical Background
3.5.5. Physical Evaluation
Module 4. Preventive Pediatric Dentistry
4.1. First Dental Visit
4.1.1. Introduction
4.1.2. Objectives of the First Dental Visit
4.1.3. Preparing Children for Their First Dental Visit
4.1.4. Dental Visit by Ages. Techniques and Suggestions
4.2. Oral Health of the Child and Anticipatory Guide for Parents and/or Tutors
4.2.1. Risk Evaluation. Definition and Tools
4.2.2. CAMBRA Method
4.2.2.1. Children Under the Age of 6
4.2.2.2. Children Over the Age of 6
4.2.3. “Dental Home”. Concept
4.2.3.1. Characteristics
4.2.3.2. Benefits
4.2.4. Anticipatory Guide for Parents
4.2.4.1. Concept
4.2.4.2. Oral Health Protocols for Babies
4.2.4.3. Importance of non-dental professionals in the oral health of the infant
4.3. Use of Fluorides in Pediatric Dentistry
4.3.1. Introduction. Metabolism. Mechanisms of action
4.3.1.1. Systemic Fluoride. Fluoridation of Water and Other Sources. Advantages and Disadvantages
4.3.1.2. Topical Fluoride: Mechanisms of Action, Types and Fluoride Products
4.3.1.3. Acute Toxicity
4.3.1.4. Chronic Toxicity. Dental Fluorosis
4.3.1.5. Appropriate Prescription of Topical Fluoride According to Age and Risk of Caries
4.4. Measures to Control Plaque in Pediatric Dentistry
4.4.1. Introduction. Concept. Dental Plaque in Caries Etiology
4.4.2. Mechanical Control of the Plaque
4.4.2.1. Toothbrush. Characteristics and Techniques
4.4.2.2. Toothpastes
4.4.2.3. Dental Floss. Characteristics and Techniques
4.4.3. Chemical Control of the Plaque
4.4.3.1. Chemical Anti-Plaque Agents. Properties
4.4.4. Preventive Oral Hygiene Measures for Children by Age
4.5. Dietary Measures and Nutrition in the Pediatric Patient
4.5.1. Introduction. Nutrition in the Dental Development of the Child
4.5.2. Diet: Feeding Mode and Frequency of Intake, Factors of Dietary Cariogenicity. Protective Food
4.5.2.1. Food Pyramid Guide
4.5.2.2. Dietary Survey
4.5.2.3. Balanced and Non-Cariogenic Diet
4.5.2.4. Dietary Advice ("Counseling") in the Dental
4.5.2.5. Clinic
4.6. Dentistry for Babies
4.6.1. Patients Under 3 Years of Age: Characteristics
4.6.2. The Edentulous Baby's Mouth
4.6.2.1. Constituent Elements and Functions
4.6.3. Possible Findings
4.6.3.1. Inclusion Cysts
4.6.3.2. Microkeratocysts
4.6.3.3. Geographic Tongue
4.6.3.4. Natal and Neonatal Teeth
4.6.3.5. Ankyloglossia
4.6.3.6. Riga-Fede Syndrome
4.6.4. Baby Dentistry: Concept, Rationale and Fundamentals
4.6.5. The First Visit in a Child Under 3 Years of Age: Timing, Objectives and Constituent Elements
4.7. Maintenance of the Oral and Dental Health of Children Under 3 Years of Age
4.7.1. Information: Type of Information and Methodology
4.7.2. Transmission. Education
4.7.2.1. Motivational Interviewing: Characteristics and Objectives
4.7.2.2. Anticipatory Guide
4.7.3. Preventive Strategies for Children Under the Age of 3
4.7.3.1. Caring for the Oral Health of Parents
4.7.3.2. Oral Hygiene
4.7.3.3. Balanced Non-Cariogenic Diet
4.7.3.4. Adequate Fluoride Intake
4.7.3.5. Periodic Professional Monitoring
Module 5. Pathology and Therapeutics of Dental Caries
5.1. Dental Caries. Etiology, Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestations
5.1.1. Concept of Caries Disease
5.1.2. Current Relevance of Caries Disease
5.1.3. Etiological Factors of Caries Disease
5.1.3.1. Factors Relative to the Host: Teeth and Saliva
5.1.3.2. Factors Related to Plaque Microbiology
5.1.3.3. Factors Related to the Diet: Factors Dependent on the Food Ingested. Dietary Factors Dependent on the Individual
5.1.3.4. Factors Dependent on the Individual's Cultural and Socioeconomic Context
5.1.4. Pathogenesis of the Caries Lesion
5.1.4.1. Demineralization/Remineralization Process. Critical pH
5.1.4.2. The Oral Regulation of pH Fluctuations and Remineralization
5.1.5. Clinical Manifestations of the Caries Lesion
5.1.5.1. Incipient Caries Lesions
5.1.5.2. Cavitated Caries Lesions
5.1.6. Epidemiology of Dental Caries
5.1.6.1. Caries in Primary Dentition
5.1.6.2. Caries in Mixed Dentition
5.1.6.3. Caries in Young Permanent Dentition
5.2. Diagnosis of Dental Caries
5.2.1. Detecting and Monitoring Caries Lesions
5.2.1.1. Methods That Do Not Require Technological Support: Visual Method and Tactile Method
5.2.1.2. Methods that Require Technological Support: Radiological Methods, Methods Based on Visible Light, Methods Based on Laser Light, Methods Based on Ultrasound and Methods Based on Electric Current
5.2.1.3. Injury Activity Assessment: ICDAS System
5.2.1.4. Establishing the Patient's Risk of Caries
5.3. Early Childhood Caries. Caries de la Primera Infancia, in Spanish (ECC)
5.3.1. Feeding Up to 6 Months of Age
5.3.1.1. Exclusive Breastfeeding on Demand: Its Influence on Craniofacial Development. Benefits
5.3.1.2. Bottle Feeding: Indications and Consequences of its Use
5.3.2. The Process of Eruption: Chronogram
5.3.3. The Tasks of Temporal Dentition
5.3.4. Feeding After the Eruption of the First Tooth: Ablactation
5.3.5. Feeding After the Eruption of the Second Temporal Molar
5.3.6. Prolonged Breastfeeding: Concept and Risks
5.3.7. Early Childhood Caries
5.3.7.1. Concept
5.3.7.2. Types
5.3.7.3. Transmissibility Habits and Infectivity Window
5.3.7.4. Characteristics: Rapid Progression: Reasons
5.3.7.5. Consequences
5.4. Therapeutic Remineralization in Incipient Caries Lesions
5.4.1. Objectives and Requirements of Therapeutic Remineralization
5.4.2. Remineralization Products and Systems
5.4.2.1. Fluoride: Mechanisms of action for Remineralization
5.4.2.2. Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate Phosphopeptide Complexes (CPP-ACP): Nature, Mechanisms of Action, Presentations and Mode of Use
5.4.2.3. New Materials in Remineralization. Materials Derived From Nanotechnology: Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Nano-Carbonateapatite. Bioactive Crystals Based on Amorphous Sodium Phosphosilicate and Calcium Phosphates
5.4.2.4. Alternative Products to Favour Remineralization
5.5. Treatment of Cavitated Caries Lesions. Principles
5.5.1. Objectives of Dental Surgery in Children
5.5.2. Factors That Modify Dental Surgery in Children
5.5.2.1. Behaviour
5.5.2.2. Dentition Development
5.5.2.3. Extent and Depth of Cavitated Caries Lesions
5.5.2.4. Systemic Status of the Patient
5.5.2.5. Morphological Characteristics of Temporary Teeth
5.5.3. Principles of Minimally Invasive Dentistry
5.5.3.1. Removal of the Minimum Necessary Dental Tissue
5.5.3.2. Preservation of Pulp Vitality
5.5.3.3. Using Bioactive Materials
5.5.4. Absolute Isolation
5.5.4.1. Objectives
5.5.4.2. Materials and Their Adaptation to Children: Dike, Clamps and Young's Arc
5.5.4.3. Placement Techniques by Age: Preschoolers, Schoolchildren and Adolescents
5.6. Pit and Fissure Sealants (PFS). Preventive Resin Restorations (PRR)
5.6.1. Introduction. Historical Background of Fissure Sealants
5.6.1.1. Types of Fissures
5.6.1.2. Cariostatic Properties
5.6.1.3. Types of Sealants
5.6.1.4. Patient Selection.: Indications and Contraindications
5.6.1.5. Placement Technique
5.6.1.6. How to Prevent Fissure Sealants From Fracturing and Falling Off
5.6.2. Preventive Resin Restorations (PRR)
5.6.2.1. Concept
5.6.2.2. Types
5.6.2.3. Placement Technique
5.7. Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART). Temporary Therapeutic Restorations (TTR)
5.7.1. Introduction. Concept
5.7.2. Principles of ART and its Evolution to TTR
5.8. Treatment of Cavitated Caries Lesions. Materials
5.8.1. Pulp Protection Materials
5.8.1.1. Calcium Hydroxide: Mechanism of Action. Indications. Advantages and Disadvantages.
5.8.2. Glass Ionomer: Self-Curing and Light Curing
5.8.2.1. New Bioactive Materials
5.8.3. Materials for Dental Restoration
5.8.3.1. Restorative Glass Ionomer: Characteristics, Indications, Contraindications, Advantages, Disadvantages and Mode of Use
5.8.3.2. Composite Resins or Composites. Concept and Types
5.8.3.3. Principles of Use
5.8.3.4. Preparation of the Remaining Tooth Structure for the Use of Composites: Dentin Adhesives: Types Available Today and Selection Criteria
5.9. Treatment of Large Cavitated Caries Lesions in Pediatric Dentistry
5.9.1.1. Characteristics and Consequences
5.9.1.2. Treatment Options in Temporary and Permanent Dentition
5.9.2. Treatment of Molars: Preformed Crowns
5.9.2.1. Indications. Advantages and Disadvantages.
5.9.2.2. Types: Metallic Preformed Crowns. Pediatric Esthetic Crowns
5.9.2.3. Technique of Preparation, Adaptation and Cementation of Metal Crowns Defective Crowns and Complications
5.9.2.4. Technique of Preparation and Cementation of Esthetic Pediatric Crowns
5.9.2.5. Defective Crowns and Complications
5.9.3. Treatment of Anterior Teeth
5.9.3.1. Preformed Acetate Crowns. Indications and Contraindications. Procedure. Complications
5.9.3.2. Esthetic Pediatric Crowns. Technique of Dental Preparation for the Crown
5.9.3.3. Defective Crowns and Complications
5.9.4. Treatment of Anterior Teeth
5.9.4.1. Preformed Acetate Crowns
5.9.4.2. Indications and Contraindications
5.9.4.3. Procedure
5.9.4.4. Complications
Module 6. Dental Traumas. Diagnosis and Therapeutics
6.1. Traumatology in Temporary Dentition. Diagnosis
6.1.1. Introduction
6.1.2. Etiology
6.1.3. Epidemiology
6.1.4. Pathogenesis
6.1.5. Diagnosis
6.1.5.1. Patient Reception
6.1.5.2. Anamnesis. Patient Data. Previous Medical and Dental History. Current Medical and Dental History. Current Intake of Drugs. Information on the Trauma and its Consequences. History of Pain
6.1.5.3. Neurological Assessment
6.1.5.4. Behavioral Guide: Considerations
6.1.5.5. The Intraoral Examination. Visual Inspection and Palpation of Intraoral Soft and Hard Tissues. Additional Tests. Transillumination of Traumatized Teeth
6.1.5.6. Radiographical Examination
6.1.5.7. Clinical Photographic Documentation
6.2. Trauma Therapy in the Temporary Dentition
6.2.1. Instructions for the Patient and Their Parents
6.2.1.1. Dental Hygiene
6.2.1.2. Diet
6.2.1.3. Harmful Habits: Pacifiers and Bottles
6.2.1.4. Warnings: Mobility, Pain, Infection, Pharmacological Treatment and Periodic Follow-Ups
6.2.2. Coronary Fractures
6.2.2.1. enamel Infringement or Fissure: Treatment Objectives, Prognosis and Periodic Check-Ups
6.2.2.2. Enamel Fracture: Treatment Possibilities and Prognosis
6.2.2.3. Enamel and Dentin Fracture Without Pulp Exposure: Treatment Objectives and Alternatives, Prognosis and Periodic Check-Ups
6.2.2.4. Enamel and Dentin Fracture With Pulp Exposure: Treatment Objectives and Alternatives, Prognosis and Periodic Check-Ups
6.2.2.5. Posterior Coronary Fractures: Treatment Alternatives
6.2.2.6. Enamel, Dentin and Cementum Fracture With or Without Pulp Exposure: Treatment Objectives and Alternatives, Prognosis and Periodic Follow-Ups
6.2.3. Root Fractures
6.2.3.1. Objectives
6.2.3.2. Treatment Alternatives: Fracture of the Apical, Middle or Coronal Third of the Root. Longitudinal Root Fracture
6.2.3.3. Prognosis and Periodic Follow-Ups
6.2.4. Treatment of Periodontal Tissue Lesions. Dental Trauma Without Displacement
6.2.4.1. Concussion: Treatment Objectives and Alternatives, Prognosis and Periodic Follow-Ups
6.2.4.2. Subluxation: Treatment Objectives and Alternatives, Prognosis and Periodic Follow-Ups
6.2.5. Displaced Dental Trauma
6.2.5.1. Lateral Dislocation: Treatment Objectives and Alternatives, Prognosis and Periodic Follow-Ups
6.2.5.2. Intrusion: Treatment Objectives and Alternatives, Prognosis and Periodic Follow-Ups
6.2.5.3. Extrusion: Treatment Objectives and Alternatives, Prognosis and Periodic Follow-Ups
6.2.5.4. Avulsion: Treatment Objectives and Alternatives, Prognosis and Periodic Follow-Ups
6.2.6. Treatment of Orofacial Soft-Tissue Injuries
6.2.7. After-Effects of Dental Trauma in Temporary Teeth
6.2.7.1. Pulpal Hyperemia
6.2.7.2. Pulp Hemorrhage
6.2.7.3. Progressive Calcification or Obliteration of the Root Canal
6.2.7.4. Internal Root Resorption
6.2.7.5. External Root Resorption
6.2.7.6. Root Resorption by Replacement or Ankylosis
6.2.7.7. Pulp Necrosis
6.2.7.8. Acceleration of Physiological Rhizolysis
6.2.7.9. Pulp Polyp
6.2.8. After-Effects in Permanent Teeth
6.2.8.1. Factors: Age of the Patient at the Time of the Trauma, Type of Trauma
6.2.8.2. Alterations: Displacement of Tooth Germ, Partial or Complete Arrest of Root Formation, Dilacerations, Localized Enamel Defects and Others
6.3. Traumatology in Young Permanent Dentition. Diagnosis
6.3.1. Andreasen Classification
6.3.1.1. Crown Fractures: Infraction. Enamel Fracture. Uncomplicated Enamel and Dentin Fracture. Complicated Enamel and Dentin Fracture
6.3.1.2. Root Fractures
6.3.1.3. Crown and Root Fractures. Uncomplicated Superficial Fracture. Uncomplicated Deep Fracture. Complicated Fracture
6.3.2. Periodontal Tissue Lesions
6.3.2.1. Concussion
6.3.2.2. Subluxation. Intrusive Dislocation
6.3.2.3. Extrusive Dislocation
6.3.2.4. Lateral Luxations
6.3.3. Avulsions
6.3.3.1. Etiology
6.3.3.2. Diagnosis
6.3.3.3. Clinical History
6.3.3.4. Extraoral Clinical Examination
6.3.3.5. Intraoral Clinical Examination
6.3.3.6. Radiological Examination
6.3.3.7. Post-Trauma Check-Ups
6.4. Therapeutics of Trauma in Young Permanent Dentition
6.4.1. Treatment of Crown Fractures
6.4.1.1. Infraction
6.4.1.2. Enamel Fracture
6.4.1.3. Uncomplicated Enamel and Dentin Fracture
6.4.1.4. Fracture Fragment Bonding: Advantages, Disadvantages and Procedure
6.4.1.5. Complicated Enamel and Dentin Fracture
6.4.1.6. Direct Pulp Capping: Indications and Procedure
6.4.1.7. Partial Pulpotomy: Objective, Indications and Procedure
6.4.1.8. Apicoformation: Objective, Indications and Procedure
6.4.2. Treatment of Root Fractures
6.4.2.1. Fracture Resolution: Characteristics, Factors, and Possibilities
6.4.3. Treatment of Crown and Root Fractures
6.4.3.1. Uncomplicated Superficial Fracture
6.4.3.2. Uncomplicated Deep Fracture
6.4.3.3. Complicated Fracture: Exodontia. Surgical Exposure. Orthodontic Exposure
6.4.4. Periodic Checks-Ups
6.4.5. Prognosis
6.4.6. Periodontal Tissue Lesions
6.4.6.1. Concussion
6.4.6.2. Subluxation
6.4.6.3. Intrusive Dislocation: Orthodontic Repositioning
6.4.6.4. Extrusive Dislocation: Alveolar Repositioning, Stabilization and Monitoring
6.4.6.5. Lateral Dislocation: Alveolar Repositioning, Stabilization and Monitoring
6.4.6.6. Periodic Checks-Ups
6.4.6.7. Prognosis
6.4.6.8. Avulsions: Means of Maintaining the Avulsed Tooth. Procedure: Immediate and Deferred
Module 7. Pathology and Therapeutics of the Dental Pulp
7.1. Pulp Pathology in Temporary Dentition (TD)
7.1.1. Peculiarities of Temporary Teeth in Relation to Pulp Involvement
7.1.2. Posteruptive Evolution of the Pulp of Primary Teeth
7.1.3. Characteristics of the Dentin-Pulp Organ in TD
7.1.4. Diagnosis
7.1.4.1. General Factors: Pathologies That Contraindicate Pulp Capillary Treatment
7.1.4.2. Regional Factors
7.1.4.3. Local Factors
7.1.5. History of Pain
7.1.5.1. Stimulated, Thermal/Chemical, Intermittent Pain
7.1.5.2. Spontaneous, Nocturnal, Prolonged Pain
7.1.5.3. Clinical Examination: of Mucosa, Teeth. Reliability of Pulp Vitality Tests
7.1.5.4. Radiological Examination: Information it Provides
7.1.5.5. Classification
7.1.5.5.1. Conditioning Factors in Children
7.1.5.5.2. Healthy Pulp: Characteristics and Radiology
7.1.5.5.3. Reversible Pulpitis: Characteristics and Radiology
7.1.5.5.4. Irreversible Pulpitis: Characteristics and Radiology
7.1.5.5.5. Pulp Necrosis: Characteristics and Radiology
7.2. Pulp Therapeutics in Temporary Teeth
7.2.1. Pulp Protection
7.2.1.1. Indications. Objectives
7.2.2. Indirect Pulp Treatment
7.2.2.1. Indications
7.2.2.2. Objectives
7.2.2.3. Keys
7.2.2.4. Procedure
7.2.3. Pulpotomy
7.2.3.1. Concept
7.2.3.2. Objective
7.2.3.3. Indications and Contraindications
7.2.3.4. Drugs That Act on the Pulp: Types and Mode of Action
7.2.3.5. Procedure
7.2.3.6. Remnant Crown Reconstruction
7.2.4. Pulpectomy
7.2.4.1. Concept
7.2.4.2. Objective
7.2.4.3. Indications and Contraindications
7.2.4.4. Canal Sealing Materials Requirements, Types and Mode of Action
7.2.5. Procedure
7.2.6. Remnant Crown Reconstruction
7.3. Pulp Pathology in Young Permanent Dentition (YPD)
7.3.1. Assessment of Pulp Status
7.3.1.1. Medical history
7.3.1.2. Clinical Examination
7.3.1.3. Radiographical Examination
7.3.1.4. Vitality Tests
7.3.1.5. Direct Pulp Evaluation
7.3.2. Establishing the Prognosis of the Affected Tooth
7.4. Pulp Therapeutics in Young Permanent Teeth
7.4.1. Indirect Pulp Coating
7.4.1.1. Objectives
7.4.1.2. Contraindications
7.4.1.3. Procedure
7.4.1.4. Criteria for Success or Failure of the Treatment in its Evolution
7.4.2. Direct Pulp Coating
7.4.2.1. Objectives
7.4.2.2. Contraindications
7.4.2.3. Procedure
7.4.2.4. Criteria for Success or Failure of the Treatment in its Evolution
7.4.3. Apex Formation
7.4.3.1. Objectives
7.4.3.2. Contraindications
7.4.3.3. Procedure
7.4.3.4. Periodic Checks-Ups
7.4.3.5. Criteria for Success or Failure of the Treatment in its Evolution
7.4.4. Apicogenesis
7.4.4.1. Objectives
7.4.4.2. Contraindications
7.4.4.3. Procedure
7.4.4.4. Periodic Checks-Ups
7.4.4.5. Criteria for Success or Failure of the Treatment in its Evolution
Module 8. Oral Pathology in Pediatric Dentistry
8.1. Periodontal Pathology in Pediatric Dentistry
8.1.1. Diagnosis: Periodontal Evaluation in the Child
8.1.2. Gingival Inflammation
8.1.2.1. Gingivitis Associated With Non-Systemically Aggravated Plaque
8.1.2.2. Systematically Aggravated Gingivitis
8.1.2.3. Gingivitis Induced by Drugs
8.1.2.3.1. Chronic Periodontitis
8.1.2.3.2. Aggressive Periodontitis in Temporary and Mixed Dentition
8.1.3. Aggressive Localized Periodontitis
8.1.3.1. Aggressive General Periodontitis
8.1.4. Necrotizing Periodontal Disease
8.1.4.1. Acute Ulceronecrotizing Gingivitis (AUNG)
8.1.4.2. Ulceronecrotizing Periodontitis (UNP)
8.2. Oral Mucosal Pathology of Viral and Fungal Origin. Diagnosis and Treatment
8.2.1. Viral Diseases of the Oral Mucosa. Herpes Simplex Virus
8.2.1.1. Etiology
8.2.1.2. Pathogenesis
8.2.1.3. Primo-Herpetic Infection
8.2.1.4. Recurrent Herpes Simplex
8.2.1.5. Diagnosis/Differential Diagnosis
8.2.1.6. Treatment
8.2.2. Viral Diseases of the Oral Mucosa. Coxsackievirus
8.2.2.1. Hand-Mouth-Foot Disease
8.2.2.2. Herpangina
8.2.3. Mycotic Diseases of the Oral Mucosa. Acute or Muguet Candidiasis Pseudomembranous
8.2.3.1. Etiology
8.2.3.2. Diagnosis
8.2.3.3. Differential Diagnosis
8.2.3.4. Treatment
8.2.4. Mycotic Diseases of the Oral Mucosa. Angular Cheilitis
8.2.4.1. Etiología
8.2.4.2. Diagnóstico
8.2.4.3. Diagnóstico diferencial
8.2.4.4. Tratamiento
8.2.5. Estomatitis aftosa recurrente
8.2.4.1. Etiology
8.2.4.2. Diagnosis
8.2.4.3. Differential Diagnosis
8.2.4.4. Treatment
8.2.5. Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis
8.3.1. Trauma Lesions of the Oral Mucosa
8.3.1.1. Nibbled Mucosa
8.3.1.2. Traumatic Ulcerations
8.3.2. Irritative Lesions Caused by Chemical Agents
8.3.2.1. By Direct Contact With the Oral Mucosa
8.3.2.2. Palatal Necrosis After Anesthesia
8.3.2.3. Ulcers Generated by Chemotherapeutic Treatment
8.3.2.4. Allergic Stomatitis: Drug-Induced Stomatitis
8.3.2.5. Contact Stomatitis
8.3.3. Irritative Lesions Caused by Physical Agents
8.3.3.1. Lesions Secondary to Radiotherapeutic Treatment
8.3.3.2. Electrical Burn
8.3.3.3. Lesions Caused by Excessive Heat or Cold
8.4. Pathologies of the Oral Mucosa. Most Frequent Benign Lesions in Pediatrics. Diagnosis and Treatment
8.4.1. White Lesions
8.4.1.1. Focal Hyperkeratosis
8.4.1.2. Leukoedema
8.4.1.3. White Spongy Nevus
8.4.2. Pigmented Lesions
8.4.2.1. Physiological Pigmentation
8.4.2.2. Oral Melanotic Macule
8.4.2.3. Nevo
8.4.2.4. Petechiae and Ecchymosis
8.4.3. Red Lesions
8.4.3.1. Erythema Multiform
8.4.4. Exophytic Lesions
8.4.5. Fibrous Hyperplasia or Fibroma Due to Irritation
8.4.5.1. Giant cell Fibroma
8.4.5.2. Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma
8.4.5.3. Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis
8.4.5.4. Papillary Hyperplasia
8.4.5.5. Pyogenic Granuloma
8.4.5.6. Giant Cell Peripheral Granuloma
8.4.5.7. Vulgaris or Virus Verruca
8.4.5.8. Condyloma Acuminatum
8.4.5.9. Hemangioma
8.4.5.10. Lymphangioma
8.4.5.11. Neurofibroma
8.4.5.12. Congenital Granular Cell Gingival Tumor
8.4.5.13. Mixed Tumor or Pleomorphic Adenoma
8.5. Oral Pathology. Most Frequent Cystic Lesions, Benign Tumors and Neoplasms in Pediatrics. Diagnosis and Treatment
8.5.1. Cysts and Pseudocysts of Soft Tissues
8.5.1.1. Lymphoepithelial Cysts
8.5.1.2. Hematoma and Rash Cyst
8.5.1.3. Mucocele
8.5.1.4. Cannula
8.5.1.5. Dentigenic Cyst
8.5.1.6. Odontogenic Cyst
8.5.1.7. Traumatic Bone Cyst
8.5.1.8. Static Bone Cyst
8.5.2. Benign Tumors
8.5.2.1. Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor
8.5.2.2. Composite and Complex Odontoma
8.5.2.3. Ameloblastic Fibroma and Fibroodontoma
8.5.2.4. Central Ossifying Fibroma
8.5.2.5. Fibrous Dysplasia
8.5.2.6. Benign Cementoblastoma
8.5.2.7. Benign Osteoblastoma
8.5.2.8. Cherubism
8.5.3. Neoplasties
8.5.3.1. Ameloblastoma
8.5.3.2. Childhood Neuroectodermal Tumor
8.5.3.3. Giant Cell Central Granuloma
8.5.3.4. Osteoma
8.5.3.5. Ameloblastic Odontoma
8.5.3.6. Ewing's Sarcoma
8.5.3.7. Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Sarcoma
8.5.3.8. Primary Bone Lymphoma
8.5.3.9. Burkitt Lymphoma
8.5.3.10. Histiocytosis X
Module 9. Pain Control
9.1. The Process of Pain
9.1.1. Pain
9.1.2. Nociceptive System
9.1.3. Local Anesthetic. Mechanism of Action
9.2. Local Anesthesia in Pediatric Dentistry
9.2.1. Concepts
9.2.1.1. Analgesia
9.2.1.2. Local Anesthesia
9.2.1.3. General Anesthesia
9.2.2. Local Anesthesia: Advantages and Objectives
9.2.3. Local anaesthetics
9.2.3.1. Formulation
9.2.3.2. Action and Structure
9.2.3.3. Vasoconstrictor: Actions, Importance in Pediatric Dentistry and Undesired Effects
9.2.3.4. Antioxidants
9.2.3.5. Preservatives
9.2.3.6. Fungicides
9.2.4. Calculating Individualized Anesthetic Dosage
9.2.5. Techniques for Local Anesthesia
9.2.5.1. Topical Anesthesia: Efficacy. Acceptance by The Child. Topical Anesthetics Most Commonly Used Today. Application and Possible Complications
9.2.5.2. Maxillary Anesthesia: Supraperiosteal and Intrapapillary Infiltration
9.2.5.3. Mandibular Anesthesia: Supraperiosteal Infiltration, Inferior Dental Nerve Block (Truncal), Intraligamentous (LPD)
9.2.6. Variations on the Technique in Adults
9.2.7. Guide of Behaviour. Preparing the Pediatric Patient for Local Anesthesia
9.2.8. Causes of Anesthesia Failure
9.2.9. Complications: General and Local
9.2.9.1. Overdose of Local Anesthetics
9.3. Analgesia for Children
9.3.1. Graphic Pain Assessment for Children in Preverbal Period
9.3.2. Most Common Analgesics Prescribed in Children
9.3.2.1. Generic Name. Function
9.3.2.2. Recommended Oral Dose
9.3.2.3. Advantages and Disadvantages
9.3.2.4. Presentation
9.4. Surgery of Soft Tissues
9.4.1. Low Insertion Upper Frenulum
9.4.1.1. Diagnosis
9.4.1.2. Frenectomy: Indications and Procedure
9.4.2. Ankyloglossia
9.4.2.1. Consequences
9.4.2.2. Frenectomy: Procedure
9.4.2.3. Mucocele: Surgical Excision
9.4.2.4. Pyogenic Granuloma: Surgical Excision
9.4.2.5. Eruption Cyst: Drainage and Operculectomy
9.5. Dental Extraction
9.5.1. Prior Preparation
9.5.1.1. Clinical and Radiological Diagnosis
9.5.1.2. Indications and Contraindications
9.5.1.3. Requirements and Prior Considerations
9.5.1.4. Material
9.5.1.5. Surgical Technique: Extraction of Temporary Teeth. Extraction of Permanent Young Teeth
9.5.1.6. Difficulties
9.5.1.7. Complications
9.5.1.8. Post-treatment recommendations and medication: antibiotics, analgesics and anti-inflammatories
Module 10. Pediatric Orthodontics
10.1. Preventive and Interceptive Orthodontics
10.1.1. Introduction. Concepts
10.1.2. Diagnosis and Treatment Plan
10.1.3. Classification of Malocclusions
10.1.4. Crowding Management
10.1.4.1. Serial Extractions
10.1.4.2. Crossbites: Anterior and Posterior
10.1.4.3. Diastemas
10.1.4.4. Deep Bite
10.1.4.5. Open Bites: Anterior and Posterior
10.1.4.6. Pre-Orthodontic Trainers
10.1.4.7. Ectopic Eruptions
10.1.4.8. Treatment to Modify Growth
10.2. Space Management and Maintenance
10.2.1. Factors Causing Loss of Space
10.2.2. Premature Loss of Temporary Teeth
10.2.2.1. Associated Problems
10.2.2.2. Damping Factors
10.2.2.3. Clinical Situations
10.2.3. Space Maintenance
10.2.3.1. Objective
10.2.3.2. Requirements
10.2.3.3. Procedures
10.2.3.4. Factors to Consider
10.2.4. Space Maintenance
10.2.4.1. Concept
10.2.4.2. Indications
10.2.4.3. Contraindications
10.2.4.4. Requirements
10.2.5. Classification of Space Maintainers
10.2.5.1. Fixed Maintainers: Concept, Indications, Advantages, Disadvantages and Types
10.2.5.2. Removable Retainers: Concept, Indications, Advantages, Disadvantages and Types
10.2.6. Clinical Situations
10.2.6.1. Premature Loss of Incisors
10.2.6.2. Premature Loss of Canines
10.2.6.3. Premature Loss of Temporary Molars
10.2.6.4. Multiple Losses
10.3. Oral Habits and Their Interceptive Treatment
10.3.1. Habits
10.3.1.1. Concept
10.3.1.2. Types
10.3.1.3. Classification
10.3.2. Oral Habits
10.3.2.1. Importance
10.3.2.2. Consequences
10.3.2.3. Prevention
10.3.2.4. Professional Attitude
10.3.2.5. Requirements
10.3.2.6. Diagnosis: Anamnesis, Clinical and Functional Examination
10.3.2.7. Criteria for Treatment and Therapeutic Objectives
10.3.2.8. Finger Sucking Habit: Types, Etiology, Consequences and Treatment
10.3.2.9. Pacifier Suction: When is it Harmful? Consequences and Treatment
10.3.2.10. Atypical Swallowing: Etiology, Classification, and Treatment
10.3.2.11. Lip Suction
10.3.2.12. Mouth Breathing
10.3.2.13. Bruxism
10.3.2.14. Onychophagia
Module 11. Medically Compromised Pediatric Patients
11.1. Cardiovascular Pathology
11.1.1. Congenital Heart Disease
11.1.2. Rheumatic Fever
11.1.3. Heart Murmur and Cardiac Arrhythmias
11.1.4. High Blood Pressure
11.1.5. Congestive Heart Failure
11.1.6. Bacterial Endocarditis
11.1.6.1. Pathogeny
11.1.6.2. Complications
11.1.6.3. Dental Procedures Requiring Prophylactic Antibiotic Therapy to Prevent Bacterial Endocarditis
11.2. Allergic and Immunologic Pathology
11.2.1. Anaphylaxis
11.2.1.1. Concept
11.2.1.2. Diagnosis
11.2.1.3. Causes
11.2.1.4. Evolution
11.2.1.5. Diagnosis
11.2.1.6. Treatment
11.2.2. Allergic Rhinitis
11.2.2.1. Etiology
11.2.2.2. Clinical Picture
11.2.2.3. Diagnosis and Management
11.2.2.4. Complications
11.2.2.5. Dental Considerations
11.2.3. Atopic dermatitis
11.2.3.1. Clinical Picture
11.2.3.2. Etiology
11.2.3.3. Diagnosis and Management
11.2.3.4. Complications
11.2.3.5. Dental Considerations
11.2.4. Urticaria and Angioedema
11.2.4.1. Concept
11.2.4.2. Clinical Picture
11.2.4.3. Etiology
11.2.4.4. Diagnosis and Management
11.2.4.5. Dental Considerations
11.2.5. Food Allergy and Latex Allergy
11.2.5.1. Clinical Picture
11.2.5.2. Etiology
11.2.5.3. Diagnosis and Management
11.2.5.4. Dental Considerations
11.2.5.5. Preventive Measures
11.2.5.6. Treatment for Acute Allergic Reaction to Latex
11.2.6. Asthma
11.2.6.1. Concept
11.2.6.2. Epidemiology
11.2.6.3. Causes
11.2.6.4. Progression of the Disease and Prognosis
11.2.6.5. Complications
11.2.6.6. Dental Considerations
11.2.6.7. Psychological Profile of the Asthmatic Child and Recommendations
11.3. Endocrine Pathology
11.3.1. Pancreatic Disorders
11.3.1.1. Diabetes Mellitus: Concept, Epidemiology, Diagnosis: Causes
11.3.1.2. Type I Diabetes: Clinical Features, Symptomatology, Treatment Goals, Oral Findings
11.3.1.3. Type II Diabetes: Clinical Features
11.3.1.4. Type III Diabetes: Clinical Features
11.3.1.5. Type IV Diabetes: Clinical Features
11.3.1.6. Dental Considerations for the Pediatric Diabetic Patient
11.3.2. Thyroid and Parathyroid Gland
11.3.3. Adrenal Gland
11.3.4. Pituitary Gland
11.4. Hematological Disorders
11.4.1. Anemia
11.4.1.1. Types
11.4.1.2. Dental Considerations
11.4.2. Hemostasis Disorders
11.4.2.1. Alterations in Platelet Number or Function
11.4.2.2. Plasma Phase Alterations: Recommendations
11.4.2.3. Anticoagulated Patients: Recommendations
11.5. Infectious Diseases
11.6. Nephropathies
11.7. Pediatric Oncology Processes
11.8. Neurological Pathology
11.9. Hereditary Pathologies: Hereditary Epidermolysis Bullosa (EB)
11.10. Oral Care for Patients with Sensory Impairment
11.11. Oral Care for Patients with Intellectual Impairment
11.12. Oral Care for Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Module 12. Relevant Topics in Pediatric Dentistry
12.1. Emergencies in Pediatric Dentistry: Diagnosis and Management
12.2. Clinical Repercussions of New Parenting Patterns: Informed Consent
12.3. Child Abuse and Neglect
12.4. Dental Materials in Pediatric Dentistry
12.5. Rational Management of a Pediatric Dentistry Clinic
12.6. Most Common Drugs in Pediatric Dentistry or Drugs in Pediatric Dentistry
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