Equine veterinarians are currently in demand by the owners of these animals. So don't think twice and increase your skills to improve their treatment"

In the last 20 years, veterinary anesthesia in major species has experienced great progress thanks to the introduction of new techniques and drugs, as well as the development of specific anesthetic monitors and machines.

Additionally, the introduction of new surgical techniques has created the need to develop new anesthetic protocols, and there is a growing concern about the impact of anesthesia and analgesia on animal welfare and on the final outcome of surgical procedures.

The equine veterinary clinic also requires constant updating on the part of the veterinarian, as it encompasses numerous and complex specialties in continuous development. It is a highly competitive professional sector that quickly incorporates new scientific advances into the outpatient clinic, so the veterinarian deals with a labor market that demands a very high level of competence in all aspects.

The mobile veterinarians' daily work is very demanding in terms of the number of working hours, both because of the volume of hours involved in the mobile visits and because of the degree of personal dedication and the time required for the administrative management of their own company. For this reason, they often lack the free time they need to continue their training in person at accredited centers, and in many instances resort to consulting procedures and other information on the Internet. In the network, the professional expects to find reliable online training.

Taking into account the need for competent and quality online training, we present this advanced master’s degree in Equine Anesthesia and Surgery, which has revolutionized the world of veterinary specialization, both for its contents, as well as for its teaching staff and its innovative teaching methodology.

Furthermore, as it is a 100% online specialization, the student decides where and when to study. Without the restrictions of fixed timetables or having to attend classes, which facilitates the conciliation of family and professional life.

A high level scientific program, supported by advanced technological development and the teaching experience of the best professionals”

This advanced master’s degree in Equine Anesthesia and Surgery contains the most complete and up to date academic program on the market. The most important features include:

• The latest technology in online teaching software
• A highly visual teaching system, supported by graphic and schematic contents that are easy to assimilate and understand
• Practical cases presented by practising experts
• State-of-the-art interactive video systems
• Teaching supported by telepractice
• Continuous updating and recycling systems
• Autonomous learning: full compatibility with other occupations
• Practical exercises for self assessment and learning verification
• Support groups and educational synergies: questions to the expert, debate and knowledge forums
• Communication with the teacher and individual reflection work
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an internet connection
• Supplementary documentation databases are permanently available, even after the course

A program created for professionals who aspire to excellence that will allow you to acquire new skills and strategies in a smooth and effective way" 

Our teaching staff is made up of working professionals. In this way, we ensure that we provide the up to date training we are aiming for. A multidisciplinary team of professionals trained and experienced in different environments, who will develop the theoretical knowledge efficiently, but, above all, will put at the service of the training the practical knowledge derived from their own experience.

This mastery of the subject is complemented by the effectiveness of the methodological design of this advanced master’s degree. Developed by a multidisciplinary team of e-learning experts, it integrates the latest advances in educational technology. In this way, you will be able to study with a range of comfortable and versatile multimedia tools that will give you the operability you need in this training.

The design of this program is based on Problem-Based Learning, an approach that sees learning as a highly practical process. To achieve this remotely, we will use telepractice. With the help of an innovative interactive video system and Learning from an Expert, you will be able to acquire the knowledge as if you were facing the scenario you are currently learning. A concept that will make it possible to integrate and fix learning in a realistic and permanent way.

We give you the opportunity to take a deep and complete dive into the strategies and approaches in Equine Anesthesia and Surgery"

Our innovative telepractice concept will give you the opportunity to learn through an immersive experience, which will provide you with a faster integration and a much more realistic view of the contents: Learning from an Expert”

The objective is to train highly qualified professionals for work experience. An objective that is complemented, moreover, in a global manner, by promoting human development that lays the foundations for a better society. This objective is aimed at helping professionals reach a much higher level of expertise and control. A goal that you can take for granted, with a high intensity and high precision specialization.

If your goal is to improve in your profession, to acquire a qualification that will enable you to compete among the best, then look no further: Welcome to TECH” 

General Objectives

• Examine the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system and the functioning of the respiratory system
• Establish the normal functioning of the digestive and renal systems
• Develop specialized knowledge about the functioning of the nervous system and its response to anesthesia
• Analyze the particularities of the different species (ruminants, swine, camelids and equids)
• Examine the requirements of a pre-anesthetic assessment and develop expertise in interpreting anesthetic risk
• Establish the pre-anesthetic preparation required for large species
• Analyze the pharmacological properties of injectable drugs
• Determine available sedative and tranquilizing drugs
• Delve into the available protocols for deep sedation
• Generate advanced knowledge of pharmacology and clinical maneuvers in the induction and intubation period in small and large ruminants, swine and camelids
• Provide safe options of current and new combinations of these agents for safe and effective induction of general anesthesia in the equine patient
• Detail the procedure of endotracheal intubation in the equine patient
• Examine the main physiological, anatomical and clinical needs related to the different types of decubitus and limb positioning of the equine patient
• Determine the components and operation of anesthetic machines, respiratory systems, oxygen delivery systems and artificial ventilation
• Generate specialized knowledge of pharmacology of halogenated inhalation anesthetics, injectable anesthetics, sedative adjuvants, as well as the most recent TIVA and PIVA techniques described for ruminants, swine and camelids and for the equine species
• Develop advanced knowledge on mechanical ventilation to recognize the need for it and the most effective and safe settings for ruminants, swine and camelids, as well as for equine species.
• Determine the pharmacology and clinical application of neuromuscular blocking agents
• Compile specialized knowledge on the anesthetic recovery phase in ruminants, swine, camelids and equine species
• Determine the vital importance of the correct use of the anesthetic record during general anesthesia
• Examine and gain an in-depth understanding of the vital signs that should be monitored during general anesthesia or sedation of the equine patient
• Establish the technical characteristics of the main monitoring equipment used in the equine patient
• Develop the main peculiarities of monitoring in ruminants, swine and camelids
• Analyze the pathophysiological principles governing pain processes
• Determine the characteristics and correct use of pain scales specific to the equine species
• Generate specialized knowledge of the pharmacology of the main families of analgesic agents
• Examine the pharmacological peculiarities of analgesic agents in ruminants, swine and camelids
• Examine the anatomy relevant to the loco-regional techniques to be performed
• Generate specialized knowledge on the clinical pharmacology of the local anesthetics to be used
• Determine the equipment necessary to perform the different loco-regional techniques
• Detail how to perform the different loco-regional techniques on large ruminants, small ruminants, swine and camelids
• Establish how to perform the different loco-regional techniques on horses
• Identify, prevent and resolve complications during the perianesthetic period in the horse
• Establish the appropriate clinical approach to cardiorespiratory resuscitation in the adult horse and neonatal foal
• Identify, prevent and resolve complications during the perianesthetic period in small and large ruminants, swine and camelids
• Establish the basis of body fluid and electrolyte physiology in the equine patient
• Determine the acid-base balance and interpret the most common alterations in the equine patient
• Examine the techniques and skills required for venous catheterization in the equine patient
• Establish the clinical and laboratory parameters important for monitoring fluid therapy in the equine patient
• Establish the physiological particularities related to fluid therapy in ruminants, swine and camelids
• Examine the main characteristics of crystalloid and colloid solutions frequently used in ruminants, swine and camelids
• Generate specialized knowledge related to the therapeutic applications of fluid therapy in ruminants, swine and camelids
• Analyze the types of fluids available to the equine patient
• Get to know the main characteristics of the most frequently performed procedures in the station under sedation
• Detail the most relevant characteristics related to the anesthetic management of the most frequent diagnostic and therapeutic procedures
• Generate specialized knowledge for the correct anesthetic management of animals destined for human consumption
• Master the legislation related to animals for human consumption as well as for experimentation
• Detail the main logistical, pharmacological and clinical requirements for the correct anesthetic management of wild animals
• Specify the most characteristic peculiarities of the anesthetic management of the most frequent diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in foals
• Perform euthanasia protocols that respect the physical and mental well-being of the horse
• Identify the different anatomical structures and pathologies of the digestive tract of the horse
• Develop and advance in the most frequent procedures to solve oral cavity pathologies
• Recognize the symptoms of digestive disorders
• Enable the clinician to correctly assess the systemic state of the animal and the consequent severity of the pathology
• Establish diagnostic protocols and generate optimized treatments and prognoses
• Establish optimal preventive medicine criteria and good management guidelines
• Establish an appropriate methodology for the examination of the horse with respiratory or cardiac problems
• Identify all clinical signs associated with respiratory or cardiovascular disease in equines
• Generate specialized knowledge of respiratory and cardiac auscultation
• Establish the specific clinical approach to the horse with a respiratory or cardiovascular disorder
• Specialize the clinician in the approach to the patient with advanced alterations in the hemogram, biochemistry or hematopoiesis disorders
• Develop an innovative and up-to-date methodology for patients with immune-mediated disorders
• Develop and expand knowledge of endotoxic shock in order to provide the patient with the latest treatments
• Examine the physiology of food consumption and the physical distribution and transport of the food bolus through the small and large intestine, as well as the processes of nutrient absorption in the different digestive compartments.
• Determine the conversion of nutrients into energy available for the different organic functions of the horse
• Establish the different nutritional needs in the horse's diet, as well as its energy requirements according to sporting discipline, productive objective or maintenance as a domestic animal
• Assess the cachectic horse: history and nutritional status, possible differentials, knowledge of metabolic consequences and requirements for subsequent dietary adjustment.
• Generate specialized knowledge on new developments in antibiotic therapy and antibiotic resistance
• Examine prebiotics, probiotics, as well as the use of medicinal plants in response to the high market demand that exists today in this area of medicine
• Update and develop in depth knowledge and new concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of lameness in the horse
• Identify the applied anatomy and pathologies affecting the different structures of the locomotor system of the equine
• Develop advanced screening and diagnostic methods available in the field clinic
• Delve into both medical and surgical treatments applicable in the field clinic
• Fundamental knowledge of wounds, tendon lacerations and musculoskeletal infections
• Establish an appropriate methodology for its exploration, diagnosis and treatment
• Generate specialized knowledge of the different materials and techniques used for the treatment of these pathologies
• Propose therapeutic strategies in wound management alternative to the conventional ones
• Provide an in-depth knowledge of the most common dermatological problems
• Identify all clinical signs associated with each dermatological disease
• Establish the specific clinical approach for each pathology and determine the prognosis and the most appropriate treatment for each skin disease
• Identify the challenges and problems encountered by the veterinarian in the practice of equine clinical oncology.
• Establish the principles of diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous neoplasms affecting horses
• Develop a detailed knowledge of the pathological processes affecting the endocrine system of the horse
• Develop management strategies for the obese and insulin resistant horse.
• Establish an appropriate methodology for the identification and localization of neurological injuries in the horse
• Identify alterations in consciousness and behavior and establish protocols for action.
• Define the approach to the ataxic horse and establish protocols for action.
• Examine diagnostic methods in equine neurology.
• Detail therapeutic protocols.
• Establish an appropriate methodology for ophthalmologic examination of the horse.
• Identify all clinical signs associated with ocular alterations in equines.
• Determine the specific clinical approach to the horse with an ocular disorder.
• Analyze the complementary methods available to diagnose the main ocular alterations in equines.
• Generate specialized knowledge on the main ocular pathologies in the horse.
• Establish the general and specific treatment for the main ocular pathologies in the horse
• Identify the pathologies of the urinary system of the horse
• Establish diagnostic protocols to facilitate the recognition of patients with urinary pathology.
• Expand the alternatives of possible treatments according to pathological situations.
• Recognize the medical and surgical genital pathologies of the stallion and the broodmare, assess their extent and provide appropriate treatments for recovery and restoration of proper reproductive function.
• Develop surgical techniques for the resolution of pathologies of the reproductive system that can be performed in the field.
• Recognize representative clinical signs of disease in the newborn foal.
• Establish effective working protocols for the early detection of sick neonates.
• Develop treatment protocols for the different diseases of the neonate.
• Optimize the use of foal imaging in the field.
• Identify and decipher the particular characteristics of the pathologies of the locomotor system that appear during the development and growth of the foal from birth until the end of its pediatric period.
• Develop the main specific medical and surgical techniques for pathologies affecting the foal in the field.
• Develop sedation and ambulatory anesthesia procedures.
• Determine the necessary tools for the assessment of the critically ill patient, providing the knowledge that enables the student to perform hospital treatments, such as advanced pain management, correction of hydro-electrolyte balance and acid-base balance, intensive care in the neonate and intensive care in the adult.
• Deepen in the fundamental medicinal and pharmacological considerations for high level sport horses.
• Delve into equine toxicology.
• Develop the application of humane euthanasia protocols.

Specific Objectives

Module 1. Physiology Applied to Anesthesia in Major Species

• Examine the anatomical and physiological peculiarities of large and small ruminants that are relevant to the design of a safe anesthetic protocol in these species
• Examine equine cardiac anatomy, the basis of electrophysiological behavior of the heart, and the stress response produced by anesthesia in the equine patient
• Develop the anatomical and physiological peculiarities of swine and camelids that are relevant to the design of a safe anesthetic protocol for these species
• Determine the cardiac mechanical processes related to blood circulation
• Establish the hormonal and neuronal mechanisms involved in the control of the cardiovascular system
• Develop processes related to ventilation and gas exchange
• Analyze the clinical implications of respiratory alterations in anesthetized patients
• Determine the normal anatomy and physiology of the digestive system and the consequences of anesthesia on the digestive system
• Establish the excretion and hormonal processes related to the renal system
• Generate specialized knowledge on the anatomy and physiology of the nervous system
• Analyze the alterations produced by anesthetic drugs in the nervous system

Module 2. Assessment, Preanesthetic Preparation and Sedation in Major Species

• Determine the physical examination and common findings in the equine pre anesthetic assessment
• Strengthen the basics of pre-anesthesia laboratory assessment
• Analyze, identify and interpret the patient's anesthetic risk
• Establish the necessary actions in the preparation of the patient for anesthesia
• Detail the pharmacological particularities of the main sedative drugs in ruminants, swine and camelids
• Develop expertise in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in horses
• Know the pharmacological properties and clinical implications of sedative and tranquilizing drugs
• Establish the most common station procedures and protocols in the equine patient

Module 3. Induction of General Anesthesia in Major Species

• Generate specialized knowledge on the pharmacology of dissociative agents and barbiturates given the side effects and the main contraindications for their administration
• Examine the pharmacology of propofol, alfaxalone and etomidate, given the side effects and major contraindications for their administration
• Develop advanced knowledge of the pharmacology of muscle relaxants such as benzodiazepines and guaifenesin
• Examine the anatomical, physiological and pharmacological considerations necessary to perform effective and safe induction of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation in small and large ruminants, swine and camelids. Determine the physiological and anatomical considerations necessary to perform effective and safe tranquilizations for patients and personnel in the equine population
• Compile the clinical and anatomical knowledge necessary for the safe performance of endotracheal intubation in the equine patient
• Develop anatomical and physiological knowledge essential for the correct positioning of the equine patient in decubitus, in order to avoid the complications associated with decubitus.

Module 4. General Anesthesia and Equipment in Major Species 

• Analyze the most frequent problems in the anesthetic machine and the circular circuit, in order to identify and solve them
• Gain knowledge and understand the operation of oxygen delivery systems and artificial ventilation during general anesthesia of large species
• Get to know the pharmacology of halogenated inhalation anesthetics, as well as their adverse effects in large animals
• Gain an in-depth knowledge of injectable sedative and hypnotic agents that can be used as adjuvants or general anesthetics, as well as the latest techniques described for equine PIVA and TIVA
• Detail the techniques of general anesthesia, both inhalable and injectable, described in large and small ruminants, swine and camelids
• Recognize the need for mechanical ventilation during anesthesia, know the positive and negative consequences of mechanical ventilation, and know the appropriate ventilatory parameters for its safe application
• Expand knowledge about specific particularities of mechanical ventilation in large and small ruminants, swine and camelids
• Detail the mechanism of action of neuromuscular blocking agents as well as their pharmacology
• Become familiar with the techniques for monitoring neuromuscular blockade and the agents used to reverse this blockade
• Recognize the importance of recovery from general anesthesia in equines 
• Expand knowledge related to the techniques that can be used and the necessary preparation of the patient and the box
• Detail the specific particularities of anesthetic recovery in large and small ruminants, swine and camelids

Module 5. Monitoring in Major Species

• Detail the correct and regular use of the anesthetic record during general anesthesia
• Determine the importance and the most characteristic clinical signs of anesthetic depth monitoring in the equine patient
• Generate specialized knowledge on blood oxygenation monitoring and with the monitoring of proper ventilation
• Analyze the importance and main technical features related to the monitoring of cardiovascular and hemodynamic constants
• Develop the leading role of arterial blood gases in the clinical monitoring of the equine patient during general anesthesia
• Detail the peculiarities of monitoring other types of vital parameters, such as glucose, lactate, temperature or the degree of neuromuscular blockade
• Examine the main peculiarities of anesthetic monitoring in other species such as ruminants, swine and camelids

Module 6. Analgesia in Major Species

• Examine the definition of pain, as well as the different types of pain in relation to their pathophysiology and evolution over time
• Determine the main physiological components associated with pain sensation
• Generate specialized knowledge related to the nociception pathway
• Determine the main pathophysiological consequences of untreated pain
• Analyze the knowledge of the use of pain scales in the equine patient
• Generate advanced knowledge of pharmacology of opioids, NSAIDs, alpha-2 agonist agents, ketamine, lidocaine and other adjuvant analgesic drugs
• Establish the main side effects of opioids, NSAIDs, alpha-2 agonist agents, ketamine, lidocaine and other adjuvant analgesic drugs
• Determine the main contraindications to the administration of opioids, NSAIDs, alpha-2 agonist agents, ketamine, lidocaine and other adjuvant analgesic drugs
• Examine the clinical uses of opioids, NSAIDs, alpha-2 agonist agents, ketamine, lidocaine, and other adjuvant analgesic drugs
• Establish the main pharmacological peculiarities of analgesic agents in ruminants, swine and camelids

Module 7. Locoregional Anesthesia in Major Species

• Determine which drugs are to be administered
• Establish the equipment to be used
• Examine the anatomy of the head in relation to the nerve blocks performed
• Generate specialized knowledge on local head, forelimb and hind limb techniques
• Examine the anatomy of the forelimb and hind limb in relation to nerve blocks
• Develop the anatomy of the abdomen in relation to the nerve blocks performed
• Generate advanced knowledge on local abdominal techniques
• Examine the anatomy of the vertebral canal
• Develop the epidural technique
• Determine the main loco-regional techniques in other large animal species

Module 8. Anesthetic Complications and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

• Get to know the published studies on pre-anesthetic mortality and morbidity in horses
• Get to know the risk factors and causes involved in preanesthetic mortality
• Identify, anticipate and resolve complications that occur in the premedication phase
• Identify, anticipate and resolve complications that occur in the induction phase
• Identify, anticipate and resolve complications that occur in the maintenance phase
• Identify, anticipate and resolve complications that occur in the recovery and postoperative phase
• Early recognition of life-threatening cardiorespiratory emergencies in horses
• Develop effective cardiorespiratory resuscitation protocols
• Be aware of the complications related to improper positioning of the ruminant, swine or camelid patient
• Recognize the main cardiovascular complications in ruminants, swine and camelids
• Identify and know the main arrhythmias in ruminants, swine and camelids
• Recognize the main respiratory complications in ruminants, swine and camelids
• Gain knowledge about the complications related to endotracheal intubation in swine
• Recognize the complications related to the digestive tract of ruminants
• Study the complications associated with the gastrointestinal system in camelids
• Recognize complications associated with intravenous catheter placement in ruminants, swine and camelids
• Broaden knowledge of the pathophysiology of malignant hyperthermia
• Identify the complications that can occur during anesthetic recovery in ruminants, swine and camelids

Module 9. Fluid Therapy in Major Species

• Detail the physiology and movement of body water
• Delve into the physiology and alterations of the most important electrolytes
• Determine the acid-base balance and its regulation
• Interpret pH alterations
• Reinforce the important factors for catheter and catheterization site selection
• Detail the most frequent complications of venous catheterization
• Analyze the most frequent crystalloid fluids
• Detail the properties of blood derivatives and know their complications
• Delve into the physiological particularities of ruminants, swine and camelids in relation to fluid therapy
• Establish the properties of the isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic crystalloid solutions most frequently used in ruminants, swine and camelids
• Delve into the study of the use of colloids in ruminants, swine and camelids
• Clinical fluid therapy applied to the perioperative period, as well as to electrolyte and glucose imbalances in ruminants, swine and camelids

Module 10. Cases and Special Clinical Situations in Major Species

• Generate specialized knowledge on the most frequent surgical and imaging procedures
• Establish the most appropriate protocols according to the procedure to be performed
• Detail the main differences in the anesthesia of foals compared to adults
• Be aware of the risk factors and complications in colic anesthesia in order to adapt the anesthetic protocol
• Detail the physiological aspects to be taken into account during anesthesia in geriatric horses
• Gain in depth knowledge of the anesthetic management of the main diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in large and small ruminants
• Detail the anesthetic management of ruminant adnexal organs such as horns, hooves or tails
• Master the characteristics of anesthesia in swine transplantation models, as well as for laparoscopy in experimental swine
• Establish basic characteristics of field anesthesia in pigs and castration of piglets
• Determine the basic principles of field anesthesia in camelids
• Define the main behavioral, physiological and anatomical characteristics of donkeys and mules
• Delve into the pharmacology of anesthetic and analgesic agents in donkeys and mules
• Master the legislation applicable to the anesthesia of animals intended for human consumption
• Master the veterinary prescription drug cascade
• Establish waiting times and maximum residue limits applicable to species for human consumption
• Master the legislation applicable to experimental animals
• Detail the particularities of anesthesia for ruminants and experimental swine
• Broaden knowledge of the logistics and pharmacological methods most appropriate for the capture and handling of wild species
• Master sedation and field anesthesia protocols in wild ruminants
• Determine protocols for sedation and field anesthesia in wild swine
• Detailed protocols for sedation and field anesthesia in wild camelids
• Expand knowledge related to monitoring alternatives in these non-domestic species
• Determine analgesic techniques that can be applied in these non-domestic species
• Examine the main physical and chemical methods of euthanasia

Module 11. Digestive System

• Define correct methods of anamnesis, evaluation and assessment of the patient with digestive pathology.
• Develop and advance in the most frequent procedures to solve oral cavity pathologies.
• Establish anesthetic blocking protocols for oral surgery and dental extractions.
• Recognize and resolve mandibular and maxillary pathologies.
• Properly develop general examination procedures such as rectal palpation, nasogastric probing, abdominocentesis, interpretation of analytical tests and diagnostic imaging in field conditions, and establish the appropriate treatments and issue the correct prognosis in the horse with abdominal pain.
• Develop and advance in depth in the diseases affecting the digestive tract from the stomach to the rectum, assessing the stage of the pathologies that appear.
• Develop and advance in depth on liver and biliary tract diseases in the horse and their possible treatments.
• Develop and advance in depth in infectious and parasitic diseases of the digestive tract, as well as their various treatments.
• Broaden knowledge, establish and develop the correct decision criteria to treat abdominal syndrome in the horse in the field, or in case of requiring surgical treatment, to be able to correctly inform the owner and advise on the referral of cases to the hospital in case they need surgery.

Module 12. Cardiorespiratory and Vascular System

• Specify the necessary information in the clinical examination of the horse with respiratory or cardiac pathology.
• Accurately recognize the normal respiratory and cardiac sounds found in horses.
• Identify respiratory pathologies in order to classify them and decide on possible diagnostic tests if needed
• Establish the knowledge required when performing diagnostic procedures for the respiratory patient such as laboratory tests, cytology, BAL diagnostic imaging
• Propose a work methodology for patients with upper respiratory tract pathologies
• Propose a work methodology for patients with inflammatory lower respiratory tract pathologies.
• Identify the surgical pathologies of the upper respiratory tract and develop the technical procedures that can be performed in the field, both in scheduled and emergency conditions.
• Propose a work methodology for patients with infectious respiratory pathologies.
• Differentiate between physiological murmurs and pathological murmurs
• Establish differential diagnoses of abnormal rhythms based on irregularity and heart rate
• Propose a work methodology for the patient with cardiac murmur
• Propose a work methodology for patients with arrhythmias.

Module 13. Hematopoietic System, Immunology and Nutrition

• Delve into the study of blood components, as well as to attend in detail to the serological biochemical markers, all of them analytical parameters that the clinical specialist must know in depth, in order to be able to relate possible alterations in this sense to pathological situations of any kind.
• Develop advanced knowledge on possible alterations related to hematopoiesis, as well as alternatives in terms of leading-edge treatments.
• Achieve a high degree of knowledge of the pathophysiological mechanisms of immune-mediated disorders in order to select the latest diagnostic tests and appropriate treatment
• Delve into the pathophysiological mechanisms of endotoxemia and the development of endotoxic shock, in order to prevent secondary complications associated with this process and to apply the most up to date treatments.
• Understand the processes of digestion and absorption of nutrients in the different anatomical compartments of the horse’s digestive tract.
• Provide the basic knowledge on nutrients necessary for the development of feeding programs.
• Estimate a horse's weight and determine its body condition.
• Easy calculation of daily fodder and grain or compound feed requirements
• Differentiate and know how to apply the terms gross, digestible and net energy.
• Delve deeper into the knowledge of antibiotic treatment alternatives, as well as the development of antibiotic resistance, in order to train the clinician in decision making in situations where there is an important restriction of antibiotic use, either by the patient’s category or by the appearance of bacterial resistance.
• Update on prebiotics, probiotics, as well as the use of medicinal plants and their relevance as important tools in preventive medicine, as well as in the treatment of specific pathologies

Module 14. Locomotor System

• Identify in depth the pathologies affecting the musculoskeletal system of the horse by types of pathologies of the different anatomical regions.
• Master in depth the correct approach to the clinical case that may be presented; Obtain and control the tools for the correct exploration of the animal and a correct interpretation of the data obtained.
• Develop optimized work schemes and diagnostic protocols.
• Advanced diagnosis of joint, tendon, bone and muscle pathologies in horses.
• Master in depth the neural anesthetic blocks, their technique, main advantages and possible disadvantages
• Develop proximal blocks and other advanced anesthetic desensitization techniques
• Master and develop in depth imaging techniques and other complementary diagnostic methods in the field.
• Receive training in the latest published therapeutic measures and the latest advances in research in the treatment of locomotor pathologies.
• Master and develop advanced medical and surgical techniques that can be performed in the field.

Module 15. Surgical Pathologies of the Skin and Related Structures

• Specify the different types of wounds that can occur in the equine clinic
• Identify and differentiate between acute and chronic pathologies
• Assess the degree of contamination and/or infection, if any
• Recognize damaged adjacent structures, assessing whether they are septic or not
• Develop knowledge of the different phases of skin healing.
• Determine the techniques of tissue management, hemostasis, suturing, reconstruction and skin grafting.
• Set guidelines for the choice of the different types, materials and patterns of suture and needle and drainage models available to the clinician in the field
• Establish the different types and materials of bandages, both for wound treatment and immobilization
• Select the appropriate dressing or bandage for each clinical situation.
• Apply the different therapeutic guidelines and reparation procedures and other first aid techniques for acute and fresh wounds.
• Apply the different therapeutic guidelines and repair procedures for complicated, chronic and infected wounds, contemplating the possibility of the application of alternative procedures and technologies
• Indicate the tests to be performed on a patient with a musculoskeletal injury or infection to determine the significance of the injury
• Perform correct diagnosis and treatment of synovial and bone infections and perform joint lavage procedures and regional and intraosseous perfusion of antibiotics in the field
• Specify the use of the different tenorrhaphy techniques in order to treat damage and lacerations of tendon and/or ligament structures
• Present the different causes of exuberant granulation and its treatment
• Apply the different therapeutic guidelines in burns and abrasions of different types

Module 16. Medical Pathologies of the Skin. Endocrine System

• Identify the main pathologies affecting the skin
• Examine the origin of the problem and establish the prognosis of dermatitis
• Recognize the clinical and laboratory signs of the main dermatological diseases
• Identify the symptoms of bacterial and viral skin diseases and propose therapeutic options
• Determine the symptoms of skin diseases of fungal and parasitic origin and propose therapeutic options
• Establish the symptoms of allergic and immune-mediated skin diseases and propose therapeutic options
• Examine the symptoms of other skin diseases, as well as their prognosis and treatment options
• Identify and develop the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of the main types of neoplasms affecting horses
• Generate advanced knowledge on the pathology, diagnosis and management of sarcoids, squamous cell carcinomas, melanocytic tumors, mastocytomas and lymphomas
• Examine recent developments in the therapy of cutaneous neoplasms in horses
• Develop advanced knowledge on the pathology, diagnosis and management of equine metabolic syndrome and dysfunction of the intermediate pituitary gland in horses
• Identify the processes that occur with alterations in thyroid hormone concentrations
• Determine the most common causes of alterations in calcium, phosphorus and magnesium levels in the horse

Module 17. Nervous System and Ophthalmology

• Identify all clinical signs associated with neurological disease
• Define the key points of the neurological assessment
• Establish differential diagnoses based on the main neurological pathologies of the horse
• Present and analyze the diagnostic tools available for the different processes
• Propose specific measures for the management of the neurological patient
• Update neurological patient treatments both in the field and at the hospital setting
• Define parameters that help us to establish a prognosis for the patient
• Deepen in the use of diagnostic tools in ophthalmology, such as direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy, fundus assessment and electroretinography
• Accurately recognize clinical signs of eye pain in horses.
• Establish differential diagnoses of ocular clinical signs.
• Propose a working methodology for the patient with corneal ulcers and/or infectious keratitis.
• Propose a working methodology for the patient with stromal abscess and immune-mediated keratitis
• Establish a working methodology for the patient with equine recurrent uveitis and for the patient with cataracts.
• Propose a working methodology for patients with glaucoma and for horses with ocular neoplasia

Module 18. Reproductive and Urinary System

• Increase knowledge of pathologies affecting the urinary system
• Recognize and establish protocols for the management of patients with acute renal failure and chronic renal failure
• Establish work protocols for patients with post-renal urinary pathology
• Develop the predisposing factors that may condition the appearance of this type of pathologies, as well as to increase knowledge on the relevance of prevention
• Develop treatment alternatives available to the ambulatory veterinary clinician
• Delve into the pathology of the testicles, adnexal glands and penis, as well as their respective treatments
• Improve the productive management of the sub-fertile stallion and mare.
• Identify and evaluate possible anomalies in the horse's ejaculate, applying the necessary procedures to guarantee its quality.
• Identify, treat and prevent parasitic and infectious pathologies of the equine reproductive system.
• Develop the pathologies of the female during the mating period and their possible treatments.
• Develop the pathologies that affect the female during the gestation period and their possible treatments
• Develop the pathologies that affect the female during the pre- and post-partum period and their possible treatments
• Attend to the needs and demands of euthyroid delivery and placental assessment
• Develop the procedures involved in the care of dystocic labor and the performance of fetotomy
• Develop procedures that include the resolution of possible injuries associated with labor and delivery, such as correction of rectovestibular fistulas, reconstruction of external lacerations and repair of the perineal body

Module 19. Foal Medicine and Surgery

• Identify the neonatal patient with abnormal behaviors indicative of disease
• Establish lines of action for neonatal patients with sepsis, based on severity
• Determine work protocols for patients with symptoms of neonatal asphyxia syndrome
• Recognize the patient with cardio-respiratory symptomatology, being able to issue prognoses that determine their viability
• Develop field stabilization protocols for patients with bladder rupture or persistent urachus
• Identify the difference in diagnostic test results between neonates and adults
• Determine the use of diagnostic imaging methods that can be used in the field to diagnose pathologies in the foal, both in the neonatal and pediatric period; Use these methods accurately to diagnose and assess the different pathologies that may occur in these stages
• Develop the techniques of examination, diagnosis and parenteral and local treatment by joint lavage of septic arthritis in the neonate
• Develop techniques that can be performed in the field to solve surgical pathologies of the growing foal, such as umbilical hernia correction
• Compile knowledge of angular and flexural deformities of the foal
• Develop their different treatments and establish the specificities of their treatment according to the age of the patient and the anatomical region affected
• Detail the medical treatments and application of resins, splints and orthopedic hardware used in the treatment of angular and flexural deformities
• Specify the techniques for delaying and stimulating bone growth used in the surgical treatment of angular deformities
• Determine the desmotomy and tenotomy techniques used in the treatment of flexural deformities
• Establish an appropriate methodology for the identification, treatment and prognostication of osteochondral injuries and subchondral bone cysts

Module 20. Advanced Therapeutic Protocols and Toxicology

• Analyze the new alternatives in terms of drugs used in sedation and anesthesia for outpatient use, as well as to delve into the most established protocols in order to optimize this type of procedures
• Train the clinician in effective and dynamic decision making when dealing with a patient with a serious systemic condition, in order to ensure diagnoses and treatments that ensure patient stabilization despite non-hospital conditions
• Specialize the clinician in the correction of hydro-electrolyte and acid-base imbalances to ensure the reversal of hemodynamic alterations
• Ensure advanced knowledge of equine pain management with the latest medications
• Examine the characteristics and special considerations to be taken into account when applying pharmacological treatments in the sport horse, with special emphasis on avoiding problems in case of possible positive results in control tests for biological substances in competitions
• Generate advanced knowledge on equine toxicology, ensuring training for the recognition of toxic symptoms, as well as the identification of plants and agents harmful to equines
• Analyze euthanasia procedures in depth
• Be able to act correctly with their patients in these last moments of their life trajectory, applying euthanasia in the most humane way possible in case of last necessity

A unique specialization program that will allow you to acquire advanced training in this field"