TECH is the world’s largest online university. With an impressive catalog of more than 14,000 university programs available in 11 languages, it is positioned as a leader in employability, with a 99% job placement rate. In addition, it relies on an enormous faculty of more than 6,000 professors of the highest international renown.  

Study at the world's largest online university and guarantee your professional success. The future starts at TECH” 

 

The world’s best online university according to FORBES 

The prestigious Forbes magazine, specialized in business and finance, has highlighted TECH as “the world's best online university” This is what they have recently stated in an article in their digital edition in which they echo the success story of this institution, “thanks to the academic offer it provides, the selection of its teaching staff, and an innovative learning method aimed at educating the professionals of the future” 

A revolutionary study method, a cutting-edge faculty and a practical focus: the key to TECH's success.

The most complete study plans on the university scene 

TECH offers the most complete study plans on the university scene, with syllabuses that cover fundamental concepts and, at the same time, the main scientific advances in their specific scientific areas. In addition, these programs are continuously being updated to guarantee students the academic vanguard and the most in-demand professional skills. In this way, the university's qualifications provide its graduates with a significant advantage to propel their careers to success. 

TECH offers the most comprehensive and intensive study plans on the current university scene.

A world-class teaching staff  

TECH's teaching staff is made up of more than 6,000 professors with the highest international recognition. Professors, researchers and top executives of multinational companies, including Isaiah Covington, performance coach of the Boston Celtics; Magda Romanska, principal investigator at Harvard MetaLAB; Ignacio Wistumba, chairman of the department of translational molecular pathology at MD Anderson Cancer Center; and D.W. Pine, creative director of TIME magazine, among others. 

Internationally renowned experts, specialized in different branches of Health, Technology, Communication and Business, form part of the TECH faculty.

A unique learning method 

TECH is the first university to use Relearning in all its programs. It is the best online learning methodology, accredited with international teaching quality certifications, provided by prestigious educational agencies. In addition, this disruptive educational model is complemented with the “Case Method”, thereby setting up a unique online teaching strategy. Innovative teaching resources are also implemented, including detailed videos, infographics and interactive summaries. 

TECH combines Relearning and the Case Method in all its university programs to guarantee excellent theoretical and practical learning, studying whenever and wherever you want.

The world's largest online university 

TECH is the world’s largest online university. We are the largest educational institution, with the best and widest online educational catalog, one hundred percent online and covering the vast majority of areas of knowledge. We offer a large selection of our own degrees and accredited online undergraduate and postgraduate degrees. In total, more than 14,000 university degrees, in eleven different languages, make us the largest educational largest in the world. 

TECH has the world's most extensive catalog of academic and official programs, available in more than 11 languages.

Google Premier Partner 

The American technology giant has awarded TECH the Google Google Premier Partner badge. This award, which is only available to 3% of the world's companies, highlights the efficient, flexible and tailored experience that this university provides to students. The recognition as a Google Premier Partner not only accredits the maximum rigor, performance and investment in TECH's digital infrastructures, but also places this university as one of the world's leading technology companies. 

Google has positioned TECH in the top 3% of the world's most important technology companies by awarding it its Google Premier Partner badge.

The official online university of the NBA 

TECH is the official online university of the NBA. Thanks to our agreement with the biggest league in basketball, we offer our students exclusive university programs, as well as a wide variety of educational resources focused on the business of the league and other areas of the sports industry. Each program is made up of a uniquely designed syllabus and features exceptional guest hosts: professionals with a distinguished sports background who will offer their expertise on the most relevant topics. 

TECH has been selected by the NBA, the world's top basketball league, as its official online university.

The top-rated university by its students 

Students have positioned TECH as the world's top-rated university on the main review websites, with a highest rating of 4.9 out of 5, obtained from more than 1,000 reviews. These results consolidate TECH as the benchmark university institution at an international level, reflecting the excellence and positive impact of its educational model.” reflecting the excellence and positive impact of its educational model.” 

TECH is the world’s top-rated university by its students.

Leaders in employability 

TECH has managed to become the leading university in employability. 99% of its students obtain jobs in the academic field they have studied, within one year of completing any of the university's programs. A similar number achieve immediate career enhancement. All this thanks to a study methodology that bases its effectiveness on the acquisition of practical skills, which are absolutely necessary for professional development. 

99% of TECH graduates find a job within a year of completing their studies.

This university program, distinguished by precision and innovation in Radiation Oncology, offers in-depth training in the foundations of radiotherapy, covering everything from the biological effects of radiation to its combination with pharmacological agents to enhance tumor response. It also explores the most advanced radiotherapy strategies for tumors of the central nervous system, head and neck region, thorax, and breast—incorporating cutting-edge techniques such as intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT). Through this training, participants will strengthen their ability to design personalized treatment plans that minimize side effects and improve patients’ quality of life.

You will plan advanced strategies to optimize Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer, applying adaptive planning to personalize treatment according to Tumor location and characteristics”

Module 1. Foundations of Radiotherapy Treatment. Radiobiology

1.1. Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations

1.1.1. DNA Damage
1.1.2. Non-clonal Effects

1.2. Dose Fractionation

1.2.1. Linear-Quadratic Model
1.2.2. Time Factor in Radiotherapy
1.2.3. Altered Subdivisions

1.3. Oxygen Effect and Tumor Hypoxia
1.4. Radiobiology of Brachytherapy
1.5. Effects of Irradiation on Healthy Tissues
1.6. Combination of Irradiation with Drugs
1.7. Predictive Assays of Response to Radiotherapy
1.8. Radiobiology of Re-Irradiation
1.9. Effects of Irradiation on the Embryo and Fetus
1.10. Radiation-Induced Carcinogenesis

Module 2. Update of Radiotherapy Treatment in Central Nervous System Tumors (Adults)

2.1. Low-Grade Gliomas
2.2. High-Grade Gliomas
2.3. Benign Brain Tumors

2.3.1. Meningiomas
2.3.2. Vestibular Schwannoma
2.3.3. Neurinoma

2.4. Pituitary Tumors

2.4.1. Non-Functioning Adenomas
2.4.2. Prolactinoma
2.4.3. GH-Producing Adenoma
2.4.4. Cushing’s Disease
2.4.5. TSH-Secreting Adenomas, GnRH-Secreting Adenomas
2.4.6. Pituitary Carcinomas

2.5. Spinal Cord Tumors

2.5.1. Astrocytoma
2.5.2. Ependymoma
2.5.3. Meningioma
2.5.4. Chordoma
2.5.5. Chondrosarcoma
2.5.6. Miscellaneous Spinal Tumors
2.5.7. Spinal Cord Compression
2.5.8. Medulloblastoma
2.5.9. Craniopharyngioma

2.6. Orbital, Ocular and Optic Nerve Tumors

2.6.1. Rhabdomyosarcoma
2.6.2. Pineal Gland Tumors
2.6.3. Orbital Lymphoma
2.6.4. Ocular Melanoma
2.6.5. Ocular Metastases
2.6.6. Optic Nerve Glioma
2.6.7. Optic Nerve Meningioma

2.7. Primary Cerebral Lymphoma
2.8. Brain Metastases
2.9. Arteriovenous Malformations

Module 3. Update on Radiotherapeutic Treatment of ENT Tumors

3.1. Oral Cavity

3.1.1. Lip
3.1.2. Tongue
3.1.3. Floor of Mouth
3.1.4. Gum
3.1.5. Hard Palate
3.1.6. Retromolar Trigone
3.1.7. Jugal Mucosa

3.2. Oropharynx

3.2.1. Soft Palate
3.2.2. Tonsils
3.2.3. Oropharyngeal Wall
3.2.4. Base of the Tongue

3.3. Nasopharynx
3.4. Larynx and Hypopharynx

3.4.1. Larynx

3.4.1.1. Glottis
3.4.1.2. Supraglottis
3.4.1.3. Subglottis

3.4.2. Hypopharynx

3.4.2.1. Pyriform Sinus
3.4.2.2. Hypopharyngeal Wall
3.4.2.3. Postcricoid Tumors

3.4.3. Epidermoid Carcinoma Variants

3.4.3.1. Verrucous Carcinoma
3.4.3.2. Sarcomatoid Carcinoma
3.4.3.3. Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

3.5. Nasal and Paranasal Sinuses

3.5.1. Nasal Vestibule
3.5.2. Nasal Cavity and Ethmoid Sinus
3.5.3. Maxillary Sinus

3.6. Salivary Glands
3.7. Thyroid

3.7.1. Papillary Carcinoma
3.7.2. Follicular Carcinoma
3.7.3. Medullary Carcinoma
3.7.4. Anaplastic Carcinoma
3.7.5. Primary Thyroid Lymphoma

3.8. Cervical Lymph Node Metastases of Unknown Origin

Module 4. Update on Radiotherapeutic Treatment of Thoracic Tumors (Pulmonary, Pleural, Cardiac)

4.1. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

4.1.1. General Information on Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
4.1.2. Early Stage Radiotherapy Treatment
4.1.3. Radical Radiotherapy Treatment in Locally Advanced Stages
4.1.4. Postoperative Radiotherapy Treatment
4.1.5. Palliative Radiotherapy Treatment

4.2. Small Cell Lung Cancer

4.2.1. Overview of Small Cell Lung Cancer
4.2.2. Thoraxic Radiotherapy Treatment in Limited-Disease
4.2.3. Radiotherapeutic Treatment in Extended-Disease
4.2.4. Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation
4.2.5. Palliative Radiotherapy Treatment

4.3. Uncommon Thoracic Tumors

4.3.1. Thymic Tumors

4.3.1.1. Overview of Thymic Tumors
4.3.1.2. Radiotherapeutic Treatment of Thymic Carcinoma
4.3.1.3. Radiotherapeutic Treatment of Thymomas

4.3.2. Carcinoid Lung Tumors

4.3.2.1. Overview of Carcinoid Lung Tumors
4.3.2.2. Radiotherapeutic Treatment of Carcinoid Lung Tumors

4.3.3. Mesothelioma

4.3.3.1. Overview of Mesotheliomas
4.3.3.2. Radiotherapeutic Treatment of Mesotheliomas (Adjuvant, Radical, Palliative)

4.4. Primary Cardiac Tumors

4.4.1. Overview of Cardiac Tumors
4.4.2. Radiotherapy Treatment of Cardiac Tumors

4.5. Pulmonary Metastases

4.5.1. Overview of Pulmonary Metastases
4.5.2. Definition of Oligometastatic Lung Status
4.5.3. Radiotherapeutic Treatment in Pulmonary Oligometastases

Module 5. Update on Radiotherapy Treatment in Breast Tumors

5.1. Introduction to Invasive Breast Cancer

5.1.1. Etiology
5.1.2. Epidemiology
5.1.3. Advantages of Screening: Overdiagnosis and Cost Overruns
5.1.4. Clinical and Pathological Staging
5.1.5. Radiological Diagnosis
5.1.6. Histological Diagnosis: Molecular Subtypes
5.1.7. Prognosis

5.2. General Information on Radiotherapeutic Treatment of Breast Cancer

5.2.1. Simulation Process: Positioning and Immobilization Systems
5.2.2. Image Acquisition and Volume Delimitation
5.2.3. Techniques: 3D-CRT, Evidence of IMRT/VMAT Use in Breast Cancer
5.2.4. Dosage, Fractionation and Constraints
5.2.5. Breath Hold
5.2.6. Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT)
5.2.7. Radiotherapy in the Presence of Cardiac Devices

5.3. Indications for Radiotherapy on the Breast After Conservative Treatment in Invasive Breast Cancer

5.3.1. Exclusive Preoperative Radiotherapy
5.3.2. Adjuvant Radiotherapy After Conservative Surgery and/or Primary Systemic Therapy
5.3.3. Evidence in Subdivisions
5.3.4. Better Conservative Treatment than Mastectomy?
5.3.5. Radiotherapy according to Molecular Subtype?

5.4. Indications for Radiotherapy after Mastectomy in Invasive Breast Cancer

5.4.1. Radiotherapy Post Mastectomy According to Type of Surgery
5.4.2. Radiotherapy Post Mastectomy in N0 Cancer Radiotherapy according to Molecular Subtype?
5.4.3. Radiotherapy Post Mastectomy in Complete Response After Primary Systemic Treatment
5.4.4. Rib Wall Hypofractionation
5.4.5. Inflammatory Carcinoma

5.5. Radiotherapy and Postmastectomy Breast Reconstruction

5.5.1. Types of Surgery (Radical Mastectomy, Skin-Sparing, Nipple-Areola Complex Preservation…)
5.5.2. Types of Reconstruction and Pros/Cons of Radiotherapy Before or After Reconstruction
5.5.3. Hypofractionation in Reconstructed Patients

5.6. Axillary Management for the Radiation Oncologist. Indication for Radiotherapy (RT) on Nodal Chains

5.6.1. Nodal Staging in Diagnosis and Sentinel Node Detection Methods
5.6.2. RT After Lymphadenectomy and After Positive Sentinel Gland at the Time of Surgery
5.6.3. RT After Sentinel Node Before/After Primary Systemic Therapy
5.6.4. Hypofractionation in Chains
5.6.5. Risk of Plexopathy

5.7. Boost: Indications and Radiotherapy Techniques

5.7.1. Rationale for the Implementation of the Boost
5.7.2. Indications After Conservative Surgery, Oncoplastic Surgery and Mastectomy
5.7.3. External Radiotherapy Techniques Simultaneous Integrated Boost (SIB)
5.7.4. Brachytherapy
5.7.5. Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT)

5.8. Partial Breast Irradiation: Indications and Radiotherapy Techniques

5.8.1. Justification for Performing Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI)
5.8.2. Preoperative Radiotherapy
5.8.3. External Radiotherapy RTC3D. Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) SBRT
5.8.4. Brachytherapy
5.8.5. Intraoperative Radiotherapy (IORT)

5.9. Radiotherapy in Non-Invasive Carcinoma

5.9.1. Introduction

5.9.1.1. Etiology
5.9.1.2. Epidemiology
5.9.1.3. Advantages of Screening

5.9.2. Indications After Conservative Surgery and Evidence After Mastectomy
5.9.3. Genetic Platform in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS)

5.10. Radiotherapy and Systemic Treatment

5.10.1. Concomitant Radiotherapy/Chemotherapy

5.10.1.1. Neoadjuvant
5.10.1.2. Inoperable
5.10.1.3. Adjuvant

5.10.2. Sequence with Systemic Treatment : Is it Possible to Administer Radiotherapy Before Chemotherapy After Surgery?
5.10.3. Radiotherapy and Hormonal Therapy (Tamoxifen, Aromatase Inhibitors): Evidence for their Sequential Administration: is Concomitance Better?
5.10.4. Chemotherapy Followed by Radiotherapy Without Surgery?
5.10.5. Association Radiotherapy and Anti-Her2 Teatment (Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab)
5.10.6. Possible Toxicities of the Association

5.11. Evaluation of the Response Monitoring Treatment of Locoregional Recurrences Reirradiation
5.12. Locoregional Radiotherapy in Metastatic Breast Cancer. Treatment of Oligometastases Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy
5.13. Male Breast Cancer and Other Breast Tumors: Paget’s Disease; Phyllodes; Primary Lymphoma

Module 6. Update on Radiotherapy Treatment in Digestive Tumors

6.1. Esophageal Tumors

6.1.1. General Information on Esophageal Tumors
6.1.2. Radical Treatment of Cervical Esophageal Cancer
6.1.3. Radical Treatment of Thoracic Esophageal Cancer
6.1.4. Adjuvant Treatment of Thoracic Esophageal Cancer
6.1.5. Palliative Radiotherapy Treatment

6.2. Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Tumors

6.2.1. General Information About Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Cancer
6.2.2. Neoadjuvant Radiochemotherapy
6.2.3. Adjuvant Radiochemotherapy
6.2.4. Role of Radiotherapy in the Context of Perioperative Chemotherapy
6.2.5. Radical Radiochemotherapy
6.2.6. Palliative Radiotherapy Treatment

6.3. Pancreatic Tumors

6.3.1. Overview of Pancreatic Cancer
6.3.2. Role of Radiotherapy in Resectable Tumors
6.3.3. Role of Radiotherapy in Potentially Resectable Tumors (Borderline)
6.3.4. Role of Radiation Therapy in Unresectable Tumors
6.3.5. Role of Radiotherapy in Inoperable Tumors
6.3.6. Palliative Radiotherapy Treatment

6.4. Hepatobiliary Tumors

6.4.1. Overview of Hepatobiliary Tumors
6.4.2. Hepatocellular Carcinoma
6.4.3. Gallbladder Cancer
6.4.4. Cholangiocarcinoma
6.4.5. Liver Metastases

6.5. Colorectal Cancer

6.5.1. Overview of Colorectal Tumors
6.5.2. Neoadjuvant Treatment in Rectal Cancer
6.5.3. Adjuvant Treatment in Rectal Cancer
6.5.4. Radical Treatment in Rectal Cancer
6.5.5. Radiotherapeutic Treatment of Recurrences. Reirradiation
6.5.6. Role of Radiation Therapy in Colon Cancer
6.5.7. Palliative Radiotherapy Treatment

6.6. Anal Canal and Perianal Skin Cancer

6.6.1. Overview of Anal Canal and Perianal Skin Cancer
6.6.2. Role of Radiotherapy in Early Tumors and Carcinoma In Situ
6.6.3. Radical Treatment of Locally Advanced Tumors
6.6.4. Palliative Radiotherapy Treatment

Module 7. Update on Radiotherapy Treatment in Anesthesia Tumors

7.1. Endometrial Cancer

7.1.1. Epidemiological Aspects
7.1.2. Risk Factors
7.1.3. Anatomy Recap
7.1.4. Histological Type
7.1.5. Dissemination Pathways
7.1.6. Classification
7.1.7. Prognostic Factors
7.1.8. Surgical Treatment
7.1.9. Adjuvant Early Stage Radiotherapy Treatment
7.1.10. Advanced Disease
7.1.11. Local, Regional, Distant Recurrence
7.1.12. Monitoring

7.2. Uterine Sarcomas

7.2.1. Epidemiological Aspects
7.2.2. Risk Factors
7.2.3. Anatomy Recap
7.2.4. Histological Type
7.2.5. Dissemination Pathways
7.2.6. Classification
7.2.7. Prognostic Factors
7.2.8. Surgical Treatment
7.2.9. Adjuvant Early Stage Radiotherapy Treatment
7.2.10. Advanced Disease
7.2.11. Local, Regional, Distant Recurrence
7.2.12. Monitoring

7.3. Cervical Cancer

7.3.1. Epidemiological Aspects
7.3.2. Risk Factors
7.3.3. Anatomy Recap
7.3.4. Histological Type
7.3.5. Dissemination Pathways
7.3.6. Classification
7.3.7. Prognostic Factors
7.3.8. Surgical Treatment
7.3.9. Adjuvant Early Stage Radiotherapy Treatment
7.3.10. Advanced Disease
7.3.11. Local, Regional, Distant Recurrence
7.3.12. Monitoring

7.4. Vulvar Cancer

7.4.1. Epidemiological Aspects
7.4.2. Risk Factors
7.4.3. Anatomy Recap
7.4.4. Histological Type
7.4.5. Dissemination Pathways
7.4.6. Classification
7.4.7. Prognostic Factors
7.4.8. Surgical Treatment
7.4.9. Adjuvant Early Stage Radiotherapy Treatment
7.4.10. Advanced Disease
7.4.11. Local, Regional, Distant Recurrence
7.4.12. Monitoring

7.5. Vagina Cancer

7.5.1. Epidemiological Aspects
7.5.2. Risk Factors
7.5.3. Anatomy Recap
7.5.4. Histological Type
7.5.5. Dissemination Pathways
7.5.6. Classification
7.5.7. Prognostic Factors
7.5.8. Surgical Treatment
7.5.9. Adjuvant Early Stage Radiotherapy Treatment
7.5.10. Advanced Disease
7.5.11. Local, Regional, Distant Recurrence
7.5.12. Monitoring

7.6. Fallopian Tube and Ovarian Cancer

7.6.1. Epidemiological Aspects
7.6.2. Risk Factors
7.6.3. Anatomy Recap
7.6.4. Histological Type
7.6.5. Dissemination Pathways
7.6.6. Classification
7.6.7. Prognostic Factors
7.6.8. Surgical Treatment
7.6.9. Adjuvant Early Stage Radiotherapy Treatment
7.6.10. Advanced Disease
7.6.11. Local, Regional, Distant Recurrence
7.6.12. Monitoring

Module 8. Update on Radiotherapeutic Treatment of Prostate and Other Urological Tumors

8.1. Prostate Cancer

8.1.1. Low-Risk
8.1.2. Intermediate Risk

8.1.2.1. Definition of Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer
8.1.2.2. Subclassification of Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer

8.1.2.2.1. Importance of Gleason 7

8.1.2.3. Diagnosis and Extension Study
8.1.2.4. Treatment

8.1.2.4.1. Active Surveillance
8.1.2.4.2. Radical Prostatectomy
8.1.2.4.3. Radiotherapy. Techniques and Requirements

8.1.2.4.3.1. Role of External Radiation Therapy
8.1.2.4.3.2. Role of Brachytherapy
8.1.2.4.3.3. Role of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT)
8.1.2.4.3.4. Combined Treatments

8.1.2.4.4. Hormone Therapy. When and How Much?
8.1.2.4.5. The Best Option for Each Patient

8.1.2.5. Monitoring
8.1.2.6. Conclusions

8.1.3. High-Risk
8.1.4. Local and/or Distant Relapse Treatment

8.1.4.1. Treatment of Local Relapse

8.1.4.1.1. After Prostatectomy
8.1.4.1.2. After Radiotherapy

8.1.4.1.2.1. Rescue Surgery
8.1.4.1.2.2. Rescue Cryotherapy
8.1.4.1.2.3. Rescue Brachytherapy
8.1.4.1.2.4. High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU)
8.1.4.1.2.5. Intermittent Hormone Rescue

8.1.4.2. Treatment of Distant Relapse

8.1.4.2.1. Metastatic Patient
8.1.4.2.2. Oligorecurrent Patient

8.1.4.2.2.1. Hormonal Treatment
8.1.4.2.2.2. Surgical Treatment
8.1.4.2.2.3. SBRT Treatment

8.2. Preoperative and Postoperative Radiotherapy in Bladder Cancer

8.2.1. Introduction
8.2.2. Preoperative Radiotherapy

8.2.2.1. Bibliographic Review
8.2.2.2. Indications

8.2.3. Postoperative Radiotherapy

8.2.3.1. Bibliographic Review
8.2.3.2. Indications

8.2.4. Organ Conservative Treatment

8.3. Testicular Tumors

8.3.1. Introduction
8.3.2. Histological Type
8.3.3. TNM Classification and Prognostic Groups
8.3.4. Germinal Tumors: Treatment According to Stage and Prognostic Group

8.3.4.1. Seminoma
8.3.4.2. Non-Seminoma

8.3.5. Toxicity of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy
8.3.6. Secondary Neoplasms
8.3.7. Non-Germ Cell Tumors

8.4. Renal, Ureteral and Urethral Tumors

8.4.1. Renal Tumors

8.4.1.1. Clinical Presentation
8.4.1.2. Diagnosis
8.4.1.3. Localized Disease Treatment
8.4.1.4. Advanced Disease Treatment

8.4.2. Urethral Tumors

8.4.2.1. Clinical Presentation: Men vs. Women
8.4.2.2. Diagnosis
8.4.2.3. Treatment

8.4.3. Ureter and Renal Pelvis Tumors

8.4.3.1. Risk Factors
8.4.3.2. Presentation: Primary Tumor-Metastasis
8.4.3.3. Symptoms/Clinical
8.4.3.4. Diagnosis
8.4.3.5. Localized Disease Treatment
8.4.3.6. Advanced Disease Treatment

8.5. Penile Cancer

8.5.1. Adjuvant Treatment
8.5.2. Radical Treatment

8.6. Treatment of Adrenal Metastases

8.6.1. Introduction
8.6.2. Surgery
8.6.3. SBRT

Module 9. Update on Radiotherapy Treatment in Low Incidence and Miscellaneous Tumors

9.1. Orbital and Ocular Tumors

9.1.1. Orbital Tumors

9.1.1.1. Rhabdomyosarcoma
9.1.1.2. Lacrimal Gland Tumors
9.1.1.3. Orbital Metastases
9.1.1.4. Orbital Pseudotumor
9.1.1.5. Graves-Basedow Ophthalmopathy

9.1.2. Ocular Tumors and Ocular Pathology

9.1.2.1. Choroidal Melanoma
9.1.2.2. Choroidal Metastasis
9.1.2.3. Primary Ocular Lymphoma
9.1.2.4. Pterigyum
9.1.2.5. Macular Degeneration
9.1.2.6. Choroidal Hemangioma

9.2. Cutaneous Tumors

9.2.1. Melanoma
9.2.2. Non-Melanoma Skin Tumors

9.2.2.1. Basal Cell Carcinoma
9.2.2.2. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
9.2.2.3. Merckel Cell Carcinoma
9.2.2.4. Adnexal Carcinomas

9.3. Soft Tissue Sarcomas and Bone Tumors

9.3.1. Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities and Trunk
9.3.2. Retroperitoneal and Pelvic Sarcomas
9.3.3. Head and Neck Sarcomas
9.3.4. Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans
9.3.5. Desmoid Tumor
9.3.6. Bone Sarcomas

9.3.6.1. Ewing Sarcoma
9.3.6.2. Osteosarcoma
9.3.6.3. Chondrosarcoma
9.3.6.4. Chordoma

9.4. Hematological Tumors and Associated Techniques

9.4.1. Hodgkin’s Lymphomas
9.4.2. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas
9.4.3. Multiple Myeloma
9.4.4. Plasmacytoma
9.4.5. Mycosis Fungoides
9.4.6. Kaposi’s Sarcoma
9.4.7. Total Body Irradiation, Total Nodal Irradiation

9.5. Pediatric Tumors

9.5.1. Central Nervous System Tumors
9.5.2. Soft Tissue Sarcomas
9.5.3. Bone Sarcomas
9.5.4. Wilms Tumor
9.5.5. Retinoblastoma
9.5.6. Neuroblastoma
9.5.7. Leukemias and Lymphomas

9.6. Benign Pathology

9.6.1. Benign Joint and Tendon Diseases
9.6.2. Benign Connective and Skin Diseases

9.6.2.1. Keloids
9.6.2.2. Plantar Fasciitis
9.6.2.3. Gynecomastia

9.6.3. Benign Bone Tissue Diseases

9.6.3.1. Heterotopic Ossification
9.6.3.2. Vertebral Hemangiomas
9.6.3.3. Pigmented Villonodular Synovitis
9.6.3.4. Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

Module 10. Pain and Nutrition in Radiation Oncology

10.1. General Information on Oncologic Pain

10.1.1. Epidemiology
10.1.2. Prevalence
10.1.3. Impact of Pain
10.1.4. Multidimensional Concept of Cancer Pain

10.2. Characterization of Pain

10.2.1. Types of Oncologic Pain
10.2.2. Evaluation of Oncologic Pain
10.2.3. Prognosis of Pain
10.2.4. Classification
10.2.5. Diagnostic Algorithm

10.3. General Principles of Pharmacological Treatment
10.4. General Principles of Radiotherapy Treatment

10.4.1. External Radiotherapy
10.4.2. Dosages and Fractions
10.5. Bisphosphonates
10.6. Radiopharmaceuticals in the Management of Metastatic Bone Pain
10.7. Pain in Long-Term Survivors
10.8. Nutrition and Cancer

10.8.1. Concept of Malnutrition
10.8.2. Prevalence of Malnutrition
10.8.3. Causes and Consequences of Malnutrition in Oncology Patients
10.8.4. Mortality and Survival
10.8.5. Nutritional Risk Factors in Oncology Patients
10.8.6. Objectives of Nutritional Support

10.9. Cachexia
10.10. Initial Nutritional Assessment in a Radiation Oncology Service

10.10.1. Diagnostic Algorithm
10.10.2. Specific Treatment
10.10.3. General Dietary Recommendations
10.10.4. Specific Individualized Recommendations

10.11. Nutritional Assessment During Monitoring in a Radiation Oncology Service

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