The specialization in Feline Medicine and Surgery will enable you to perform precise interventions to help improve the health of your patients”

The current state of Feline Medicine and Surgery has been evolving in the last years, favored by the technological advances that have allowed the appearance of new techniques and tools that allow to perform successful interventions that are minimally invasive for the animals.  Unfortunately, during their career years, most professionals are not able to specialize in this field, as these are very specific studies that do not have a place during the undergraduate or graduate years, but require extra training through postgraduate studies. For this reason, TECH is committed to helping these professionals with a program of excellence such as this Hybrid professional master’s degree in Feline Medicine and Surgery. 

The program consists of two well-defined parts. The first part contains the most relevant information on this field, prepared by a team of experts in the field. In particular, it provides in-depth information on the use of minimally invasive techniques, interventional cardiology, new monitoring and therapeutic alternatives for various pathologies of the feline species. Likewise, it shows a specialized approach to the most relevant and fundamental topics at cardiorespiratory level, infectious pathologies and oncology, considering that the student already has basic knowledge in feline medicine.

Also, in a second stage, an internship period is included in a veterinary center of reference, where our students will be able to workhand in hand with professionals of the sector, attending to real patients and seeing first hand what it is like to work in a facility of this type. In short, it is a program with which the student will be able to acquire the tools to carry out a more effective praxis in the daily consultation of their feline patients, both in the most common cases and in the most complicated cases, by focusing in depth on each area and on the new diagnostic and therapeutic trends. 

Enjoy a professional internship period in a leading veterinary center and achieve the specialization you need to successfully care for your feline patients”

This Hybrid professional master’s degree in Feline Medicine and Surgery contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include:

• Development of more than 100 clinical cases presented by veterinary surgery professionals and university professors with extensive experience in minimally invasive techniques
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Assessment and monitoring of the veterinary patient, the latest international recommendations in minimally invasive surgery
• Comprehensive surgical approach plans for small animal patients
• Presentation of practical workshops on diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in the veterinary patient
• An algorithm-based interactive learning system for decision-making in the clinical situations presented throughout the course
• Clinical practice guidelines on the surgical approach to different pathologies
• With a special emphasis on evidence-based medicine and the most effective methodologies in small animal veterinary surgery
• All of this will be complemented by theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is available from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection
• In addition, you will be able to carry out a clinical internship in one of the best veterinary centers

Cat veterinary practices are one of the most demanded, so specialization in this field is very useful for professionals in the sector"

In this proposal for a Hybrid professional master’s degree, of a professionalizing nature and blended learning modality, the program is aimed at updating veterinary professionals who perform their functions in the veterinary field who perform their functions in surgical units, and that require a high level of qualification. The contents are based on the latest on the latest scientific evidence, and oriented in a didactic way to integrate theoretical knowledge in veterinary practice, and the theoretical-practical elements will facilitate the updating of knowledge and will allow decision making in the management of small animals.  

Thanks to its multimedia content developed with the latest educational technology, it will allow the veterinary professional a situated and contextual learning, that is to say, a simulated environment that will provide an immersive learning programmed to train in real situations. The design of this program is focused on Problem-Based Learning, by means of which they will have to try to solve the different situations of professional practice that will arise throughout the program. To do so, you will have the help of an innovative interactive video system created by recognized veterinary experts.

You will learn to develop a protocol to identify and locate the main alterations that affect the nervous system in the feline species"

Specialize with the most innovative teaching methodology of the moment and get the training you need for your field of action"

The contents of this program have been developed by different experts, with the objective that the student acquires each and every one of the necessary skills to become true specialists in Feline Medicine and Surgery. Its structure and practice plan make this degree the most complete on the market today, as it covers all the relevant knowledge for the veterinarian to develop successfully in an increasingly common environment. 

A very complete curriculum designed to specialize veterinarians in Feline Medicine and Surgery"

Module 1. Feline Medicine and Surgery

1.1. Cat-friendly Management of Cats in the Day-to-Day Clinic 

1.1.1. Well-Being and Stress in the Cat 
1.1.2. Acute Stress in the Clinic. How to Prevent Stress 

1.2. Design and Implementation of Environmental Enrichment Plans

1.2.1. Environmental Enrichment 
1.2.2. Physiological Needs of the Cat 
1.2.3. Environmental Needs of the Cat 
1.2.4. Environmental Enrichment at Home

1.3. Behavioral Alterations in Cats 

1.3.1. Behavioral Disturbances 
1.3.2. Aggressiveness 
1.3.3. Inappropriate Urination and Urine Marking
1.3.4. Grooming Disorders 
1.3.5. Feline Hyperesthesia Syndrome 

1.4. Anesthesia and Analgesia 

1.4.1. Anesthesia and Risks 
1.4.2. Sedation and Premedication 
1.4.3. Injectable and Inhalational Anesthetics 
1.4.4. Intubation 
1.4.5. Monitoring 
1.4.6. Perianesthetic Complications 
1.4.7. Recovery 

1.5. Loco Regional Anesthesia. Special Patients 

1.5.1. Locoregional Anesthesia
1.5.2. Anesthesia for the Renal Patient 
1.5.3. Anesthesia for the Cat with Cardiac Pathology 
1.5.4. Anesthesia for Kittens and Geriatric Cats
1.5.5. Anesthesia for Patients with Respiratory Problems 
1.5.6. Anesthesia for Diabetic Patients 
1.5.7. Anesthesia for Felines with Hepatic Disease 

1.6. Pain of Osteoarticular and Neuropathic Origin

1.6.1. Osteoarticular Pain 

1.6.1.1. Etiology 
1.6.1.2. Prevalence 
1.6.1.3. Risk Factors 
1.6.1.4. Pathophysiology 
1.6.1.5. Diagnosis. Pain Assessment Scales 
1.6.1.6. Treatment 

1.6.1.6.1. Conventional Therapies 

1.6.1.6.1.1. Pharmacological 
1.6.1.6.1.2. Surgical 
1.6.1.6.1.3. Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation 

1.6.1.6.2. New Treatments 

1.6.1.6.2.1. Biological Therapies 
1.6.1.6.2.2. Monoclonal Antibodies Against Nerve Growth  Factor (anti-NGF) 

1.6.1.6.3. Prognosis 

1.6.2. Neuropathic Pain 

1.6.2.1. Etiology 
1.6.2.2. Prevalence 
1.6.2.3. Pathophysiology 
1.6.2.4. Diagnosis 
1.6.2.5. Treatment 

1.7. Non-Regenerative Anemia 

1.7.1. Causes 
1.7.2. Pathogenesis
1.7.3. Diagnosis 
1.7.4. Treatment 

1.8. Controversies in Feline Nutrition 

1.8.1. Raw Food Diets 
1.8.2. The Cat and Carbohydrates 
1.8.3. Homemade Diets 

1.9. Pharmacological Therapy in Cats 

1.9.1. Differences in Drug Metabolism 
1.9.2. Dose Adjustments in the Patient with Renal Insufficiency 
1.9.3. Considerations in the Cat with Hepatic Insufficiency 
1.9.4. Considerations in the Neonate and Kittens 
1.9.5. Particularities in the Senior Cat 

1.10. Management of Urban Cat Colonies 

1.10.1. Trapping-Spay-Neuter-Vaccination-Return Programs 
1.10.2. Sterilization
1.10.3. FeLV/IVF Testing 
1.10.4. Identification 
1.10.5. Vaccines 
1.10.6. Deworming 
1.10.7. Feeding 
1.10.8. Elimination 
1.10.9. Disinfection 
1.10.10. Colony Monitoring and Surveillance 

Module 2. Digestive and Odontological Pathologies in the Feline Species 

2.1. Esophageal Pathologies in the Cat 

2.1.1. Esophageal Pathologies in the Cat 

2.1.1.1. Clinical Presentation 
2.1.1.2. Diagnostic Approach 

2.1.2. Esophagitis and Esophageal Strictures 

2.1.2.1. Causes 
2.1.2.2. Diagnosis 
2.1.2.3. Medical Treatment 

2.1.3. Non-Invasive Treatment of Esophageal strictures 
2.1.4. Megaesophagus 

2.2. Feline Chronic Enteropathy I. Clinical Signs 

2.2.1. Feline Chronic Enteropathy 
2.2.2. Overview, History and Clinical Signs 
2.2.3. Laboratory Assessment: Importance of Cobalamin
2.2.4. Abdominal ultrasound 
2.2.5. Fine needle Aspiration 

2.3. Feline Chronic Enteropathy II. Tests, Treatment and Prognosis 

2.3.1. Biopsy: Advantages and Disadvantages of the Different Techniques 
2.3.2. Interpretation of Biopsy Results 
2.3.3. Immunohistochemistry
2.3.4. Clonality Test 
2.3.5. Treatment and Prognosis of IBD and Low-Grade Lymphoma 

2.4. Pancreatitis in Cats: ACVIM Consensus I 

2.4.1. Pancreatitis in Cats 
2.4.2. Causes 
2.4.3. Pathophysiology 
2.4.4. Clinical Signs 
2.4.5. Diagnosis 

2.4.5.1. Image 
2.4.5.2. Clinical Pathology
2.4.5.3. Cytology 
2.4.5.4. Histology 

2.5. Pancreatitis in Cats: ACVIM II Consensus and Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency (EPI) 

2.5.1. Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis 
2.5.2. Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis 
2.5.3. EPI. Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency 

2.5.3.1. EPI. Causes 
2.5.3.2. EPI. Clinical Signs 
2.5.3.3. EPI. Laboratory Diagnosis, Imaging and Histology IPE. Treatment 

2.6. Cholangitis and Hepatic Lipidosis 

2.6.1. Neutrophilic Cholangitis 
2.6.2. Lymphocytic Cholangitis 
2.6.3. Trematode Cholangitis 
2.6.4. Hepatic Lipidosis 
2.6.5. Liver Sampling 

2.7. Surgery of the Gastrointestinal Tract in the Cat 

2.7.1. Gastrointestinal Surgery
2.7.2. Surgical Approach to the Abdominal Cavity 
2.7.3. Anatomy of the Digestive Tract Wall 
2.7.4. Scarring: Process and Importance of Suture
2.7.5. Enterotomy 
2.7.6. Enterectomy 
2.7.7. Alternatives to Suture for Anastomosis 

2.8. Feline Dentistry I. Examination, Diagnosis and Recording 

2.8.1. Feline Dentistry 
2.8.2. Basic and Advanced Equipment 
2.8.3. Oral Anatomy 
2.8.4. Examination, Diagnosis and Recording 
2.8.5. Oral Radiology 

2.9. Feline Dentistry II. Pathologies 

2.9.1. Resorptive Lesions 
2.9.2. Dental Fractures 
2.9.3. Orofacial Pain Syndrome 
2.9.4. Other Pathologies 

2.10. Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis 

2.10.1. Etiology 
2.10.2. Clinical Signs 
2.10.3. Diagnosis 
2.10.4. Medical and Surgical Treatment 
2.10.5. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy 
2.10.6. Laser Therapy 

Module 3. Hospitalization and Intensive Care in Felines 

3.1. Initial Assessment of Emergencies 

3.1.1. Essential Material in the Emergency Department 
3.1.2. Primary Assessment: ABC 
3.1.3. Assessment of the Neurological Patient 
3.1.4. Secondary Assessment: Crash Plan
3.1.5. Acute Pain Management 

3.2. Basic Parameters for the Assessment of the Critical Patient 

3.2.1. PCV/PT/Frotis 
3.2.2. Glucose 
3.2.3. Lactate 
3.2.4. Ions 
3.2.5. Acid-base Equilibrium 
3.2.6. Gasometry 
3.2.7. AFAST/TFAST 

3.3. Fluid Therapy

3.3.1. Physiology of Body Fluids 
3.3.2. Fluid Therapy Solutions 
3.3.3. Design of a Fluid Therapy Plan 
3.3.4. Fluid to be Used 
3.3.5. Administration of Fluid Therapy 

3.4. Transfusion Medicine 

3.4.1. Blood Products 
3.4.2. Indications for Transfusion 
3.4.3. Blood Groups and Compatibility Tests 
3.4.4. Blood Collection and Handling 
3.4.5. How to Transfuse 
3.4.6. Transfusion Reactions. How to Treat Them 

3.5. Stabilization of the Critical Patient: Shock and Cardiovascular System

3.5.1. Types of Shock 
3.5.2. Signs of Shock in the Feline Patient 
3.5.3. Treatment of Shock 
3.5.4. Hypovolemic Shock

3.6. SIRS and Septic Shock 

3.6.1. Pathophysiology 
3.6.2. Criteria for Diagnosis 
3.6.3. Treatment 
3.6.4. Others Points to Consider 

3.7. Monitoring of Critical Patients 

3.7.1. Kirby's 20 Rules 
3.7.2. Basic Monitoring 
3.7.3. Advanced Monitoring 

3.8. Dietary Management of the Hospitalized Feline Patient 

3.8.1. Assisted Feeding 
3.8.2. Design of a Feeding Plan 
3.8.3. Routes of Administration 
3.8.4. Refeeding Syndrome 

3.9. ICU Procedures 

3.9.1. Placement of Peripheral and Central Catheters
3.9.2. Blood Pressure Measurement 
3.9.3. Oxygen Therapy 
3.9.4. Measurement of Urine Output 
3.9.5. Placement of Feeding Tubes 

3.10. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 

3.10.1. Preparedness and Prevention 
3.10.2. Basic Vital Support 
3.10.3. Monitoring 
3.10.4. Advanced Vital Support 
3.10.5. Post-Arrest Care 

Module 4. Neurology in Feline Patients 

4.1. Neuroanatomy 

4.1.1. Embryonic Development of the Nervous System 
4.1.2. Parts of the Nervous System 
4.1.3. NMS/NMI 

4.2. Neurological Examination in the Cat 

4.2.1. Necessary Material for a Correct Neurological Examination 
4.2.2. Anamnesis and Clinical History 
4.2.3. Mental Status, Posture and Gait 
4.2.4. Cranial Nerves 
4.2.5. Postural Reactions 
4.2.6. Spinal Reflexes 
4.2.7. Nociception 

4.3. Neurolocalization 

4.3.1. Clinical Signs Associated with Thalamo-cortical Lesions 
4.3.2. Clinical Signs Associated with lesions in the Brainstem
4.3.3. Clinical Signs Associated with Cerebellar Lesions 
4.3.4. Clinical Signs Associated with Spinal Cord Injuries 
4.3.5. Clinical Signs Associated with PNS Lesions 

4.4. Differential Diagnosis and Complementary Tests 

4.4.1. Vitamin D 

4.4.1.1. Laboratory Diagnosis 
4.4.1.2. Radiography 
4.4.1.3. Myelography 
4.4.1.4. TC/ Magnetic Resonance 
4.4.1.5. Electrophysiology 
4.4.1.6. CSF Extraction and Study 

4.5. Epileptiform Seizures 

4.5.1. Diagnostic Protocol 
4.5.2. Idiopathic Epilepsy 
4.5.3. Treatment 

4.6. Feline Vestibular Disease 

4.6.1. Vestibular System Anatomy 
4.6.2. Acute Vestibular Syndrome 
4.6.3. Central Vestibular Syndrome 
4.6.4. Bilateral Vestibular Syndrome 

4.7. Spinal cord Diseases 

4.7.1. Inflammatory/ Infectious Myelopathy
4.7.2. Vascular Myelopathies 
4.7.3. Metabolic Myelopathies 
4.7.4. Neoplasms 

4.8. Metabolic Myelopathies in Cats 

4.8.1. Infectious/Inflammatory Encephalopathies 
4.8.2. Metabolic Encephalopathy 
4.8.3. Neoplasms 

4.9. Neurological Emergencies 

4.9.1. Cranioencephalic Trauma 
4.9.2. Spinal Cord Trauma 
4.9.3. Status Epilepticus 
4.9.4. Neurotoxicants 

4.10. Surgical Procedures 

4.10.1. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Neurological Patients 
4.10.2. Neurosurgery 
4.10.3. Spinal Surgery 
4.10.4. Intracranial Surgery 

Module 5. Feline Cardiorespiratory System 

5.1. Clinical Assessment of the Cardiorespiratory System 

5.1.1. Clinical History and Anamnesis 
5.1.2. Physical Examination of the Patient with Respiratory Distress 
5.1.3. Differentiating a Respiratory Problem from a Cardiac Problem
5.1.4. Emergency Treatment of the Patient with Respiratory Distress 

5.2. Feline Congenital Cardiac Pathology 

5.2.1. Statistics 
5.2.2. Physical Examination of the Kitten with Cardiac Pathology 
5.2.3. Ventricular and Atrial Septal Defects 
5.2.4. Aortic Stenosis 
5.2.5. Pulmonary Stenosis
5.2.6. Persistent Ductus Arteriosus 
5.2.7. Supravalvular Mitral Stenosis 
5.2.8. Congenital Pathology of Atrioventricular Valves 
5.2.9. Tetralogy of Fallot Special Cardiac Studies (Angiography / CT / Contrast Echocardiography / Transesophageal Echocardiography)

5.3. Acquired Cardiac Pathology I. Myocardiopathies 

5.3.1. ACVIM Consensus on Cardiomyopathies 
5.3.2. Hypertrophic Phenotype Cardiomyopathy 
5.3.3. Restrictive Cardiomyopathy Phenotype 
5.3.4. Cardiomyopathy of Dilated Phenotype 
5.3.5. Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy 
5.3.6. Non-Specific Cardiomyopathy 
5.3.7. Myocarditis, Steroid-Associated Cardiac Failure, Endocrinopathies and Heart Disease 

5.4. Acquired Cardiac Pathology II. Hypertension, Heart Failure, Arrhythmias

5.4.1. Pulmonary Hypertension 
5.4.2. Feline Dirofilariasis. Cardiac or Respiratory Problem 
5.4.3. Arrhythmias in the Feline Patient 
5.4.4. Feline Hypertensive Pathology 
5.4.5. Particularities of Congestive Heart Failure in the Cat 
5.4.6. Treatment of Feline Congestive Heart Failure 

5.5. Thromboembolism 

5.5.1. Risk Factors 
5.5.2. Pulmonary Embolism 
5.5.3. Aortic Thromboembolism 
5.5.4. Other Thromboembolism 
5.5.5. Medical Treatment 
5.5.6. Surgical Management 

5.6. Respiratory Pathology I: Upper Respiratory Tract 

5.6.1. History and Physical Examination Data 
5.6.2. Clinical Signs 
5.6.3. Diagnostic Considerations: Non-Invasive Tests, Imaging, Biopsy, Nasal Flushing, Exploratory Rhinotomy 
5.6.4. Main Upper Airway Pathologies 
5.6.5. Medical Treatment of the Main Pathologies 

5.7. Respiratory Pathology II: Lower Respiratory Tract 

5.7.1. Clinical Signs 
5.7.2. Diagnosis: Radiology, CT, Bronchoscopy
5.7.3. Indications and Performance of Bronchoalveolar Lavage
5.7.4. Asthma and Chronic Bronchitis 
5.7.5. Other Pulmonary Pathologies 
5.7.6. Management of Respiratory Polytraumatized (Pneumothorax, Rib Fractures, Pulmonary Hemorrhages) 

5.8. Respiratory Pathology III: Pleural Space 

5.8.1. Stabilization and Initial Diagnosis of the Patient with Pleural Effusion 
5.8.2. Analysis of Pleural Effusion 
5.8.3. Causes of Pleural Effusion 
5.8.4. Technique of Thoracentesis and Pleural Drainage Tube Implantation 

5.9. Surgical Approach to Feline Cardio-respiratory Pathology 

5.9.1. Thoracic Anatomy
5.9.2. Nasopharyngeal Polyps 
5.9.3. Nasopharyngeal Stenosis
5.9.4. Brachycephalic Syndrome 

5.10. Surgical Approach to Feline Cardiorespiratory Pathology. Treatment 

5.10.1. Surgery in the Patient with Pulmonary Neoplasm
5.10.2. Surgical Treatment of Pleural Effusions: PleuralPort, Shunts, Omentalizations
5.10.3. Hernia Peritoneopericardiodiafragmatica 
5.10.4. Diaphragmatic Hernia 
5.10.5. Pectum Excavatum

Module 6. Endocrinopathies in the Feline Species 

6.1. Acromegaly

6.1.1. Acromegaly
6.1.2. Pathogenesis
6.1.3. Clinical Manifestations 
6.1.4. Diagnostic Tests 
6.1.5. Treatment 
6.1.6. Prognosis 

6.2. Diabetes Mellitus: Treatment and Monitoring 

6.2.1. Insulin Treatment 
6.2.2. Non-Insulin Therapies 
6.2.3. Nutritional Treatment 
6.2.4. Monitoring 

6.2.4.1. Fructosamine 
6.2.4.2. Glucose in Urine 
6.2.4.3. Methods and Systems for Blood Glucose Monitoring 
6.2.4.4. Glycosylated Hemoglobin 

6.3. Unstable Diabetic Cat 

6.3.1. Unstable Diabetic Cat 
6.3.2. Insulin: Type and Dosage 
6.3.3. Somogyi Effect 
6.3.4. Concomitant Diseases 
6.3.5. Owner-Dependent Factors 
6.3.6. Remission of Diabetes 

6.4. Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Syndrome 

6.4.1. Pathophysiology 
6.4.2. Clinical and Laboratory Alterations 
6.4.3. Treatment 

6.4.3.1. Fluid Therapy
6.4.3.2. Supplements to Fluid Therapy 
6.4.3.3. Insulin Therapy 

6.4.3.3.1. Intravenous Insulin 
6.4.3.3.2. Intramuscular Insulin 

6.4.4. Complementary Treatment 
6.4.5. Prognosis 

6.5. Calcium Disorders 

6.5.1. Calcium Physiology and Regulation 
6.5.2. Hypercalcemia 

6.5.2.1. Differential Diagnosis 
6.5.2.2. Diagnostic Tests 
6.5.2.3. Treatment 

6.5.3. Hypocalcemia 

6.5.3.1. Differential Diagnosis 
6.5.3.2. Diagnostic Tests 
6.5.3.3. Treatment 

6.6. Hyperthyroidism 

6.6.1. Epidemiology of Hyperthyroidism 
6.6.2. Clinical Signs and Laboratory Abnormalities 
6.6.3. Thyroid Hormone Alterations 
6.6.4. Complementary Diagnostic Tests 

6.7. Treatment of Hyperthyroidism 

6.7.1. Considerations Prior to Pharmacological Treatment 
6.7.2. Pharmacological Treatment and Monitoring 
6.7.3. Other treatments 

6.7.3.1. Surgical Thyroidectomy 
6.7.3.2. Radioactive Iodine 
6.7.3.3. Diet 

6.7.4. Causes of Treatment Failure 

6.8. Hyperthyroidism, Renal Disease and Hypertension 

6.8.1. Relationship Between Hyperthyroidism and Chronic Renal Disease 
6.8.2. Hyperthyroidism and Laboratory Tests of Renal Functionality 
6.8.3. Relationship Between Hyperthyroidism and Blood Pressure 
6.8.4. Treatment of Hyperthyroid Cats with CKD 

6.9. Hyperadrenocorticism 

6.9.1. Etiology and Clinic 
6.9.2. Diagnosis 

6.9.2.1. Laboratorial Alterations 
6.9.2.2. Endocrine Tests 
6.9.2.3. Diagnostic Imaging 

6.9.3. Treatment 
6.9.4. Prognosis 

6.10. Adrenal Tumors 

6.10.1. Adrenal Tumors 
6.10.2. Hyperaldosteronism 
6.10.3. Other Adrenal Tumors 

6.10.3.1. Pheochromocytoma 
6.10.3.2. Non-Functioning Adrenal Tumor 
6.10.3.3. Sex Hormone Secreting Adrenal Tumors 

Module 7. Nephrology and Urology in the Feline Species 

7.1. Diagnostic Methods I. Assessment 

7.1.1. Assessment of Renal Size 
7.1.2. Blood Biochemistry 
7.1.3. Diagnostic Imaging Techniques in the Urinary Tract 
7.1.4. Renal Biopsy

7.2. Diagnostic Methods II. Urinalysis 

7.2.1. Urinalysis 
7.2.2. Timing, Collection Technique and Handling 
7.2.3. Interpretation 
7.2.4. Urine Culture 
7.2.5. UPC 

7.3. Acute Renal Disease 

7.3.1. Causes 
7.3.2. Pathophysiology 
7.3.3. Staging and Management According to IRIS Guidelines 
7.3.4. Dialysis 
7.3.5. Renal Transplant 

7.4. Chronic Renal Insufficiency I. Causes and Diagnosis 

7.4.1. Causes 
7.4.2. Clinical Findings 
7.4.3. IRIS Guides: What's New 
7.4.4. Importance, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Proteinuria: ACVIM Consensus 
7.4.5. Systemic Arterial Hypertension: Diagnosis and Treatment 

7.5. Chronic Renal Insufficiency II. Specific and Non-Specific Diseases 

7.5.1. Management of Specific Diseases 
7.5.2. Non-specific Therapeutic Strategies 
7.5.3. Importance of Nutrition 

7.6. Feline Idiopathic Cystitis 

7.6.1. Importance, History and Risk Factors 
7.6.2. Pathophysiology 
7.6.3. Clinical Signs 
7.6.4. Diagnosis 
7.6.5. Treatment 

7.7. Urolithiasis 

7.7.1. Prevalence 
7.7.2. Methods of Extraction  
7.7.3. Struvite Urolithiasis  
7.7.4. Urolithiasis by Oxalate 
7.7.5. Recommendations According to the ACVIM Consensus 

7.8. Urethral Obstruction 

7.8.1. Urethral Obstruction 
7.8.2. Stabilization 
7.8.3. Decompression 
7.8.4. Medical Treatment 
7.8.5. Surgical Treatment: Perineal Urethrostomy 

7.9. Ureteral Obstruction

7.9.1. Ureteral Obstruction
7.9.2. Causes 
7.9.3. Clinical Presentation 
7.9.4. Diagnosis 
7.9.5. Medical Treatment 
7.9.6. Surgical Treatment:  Stent vs. Ureterotomy

7.10. Others Urinary System Pathologies 

7.10.1. Neoplasms 
7.10.2. Trauma Lesions 
7.10.3. Urinary Incontinence

Module 8. Dermatology in the Feline Species 

8.1. Feline Dermatology 

8.1.1. Structure and Function of the Skin 
8.1.2. Dermatological Consultation 
8.1.3. Diagnostic Techniques 
8.1.4. Primary and Secondary Injuries 
8.1.5. Dermatological Patterns 

8.2. Dermatologic Patterns and Differential Diagnosis 

8.2.1. Dermatologic Patterns and Differential Diagnosis 
8.2.2. Pruritus 
8.2.3. Focal-Multifocal Alopecia 
8.2.4. Symmetrical Alopecia 
8.2.5. Papules, Pustules and Scabs 
8.2.6. Erosive-Ulcerative Dermatoses 
8.2.7. Nodules and Fistulas 
8.2.8. Desquamative and Comedogenic Dermatoses 
8.2.9. Disorders of Coloration and Pigmentation 

8.3. Parasitosis 

8.3.1. Arthropods 
8.3.2. Ticks 
8.3.3. Mites 

8.3.3.1. Trombicula 
8.3.3.2. Otodectes 
8.3.3.3. Cheyletiellosis 
8.3.3.4. Demodicosis 
8.3.3.5. Notoedres 

8.3.4. Insects 

8.3.4.1. Lice 

8.3.4.1.1. Fleas, DAPP 

8.3.4.1.1.1. Dermatitis Associated with Mosquito Bites 

8.3.5. Myiasis 

8.4. Cytology and Cutaneous Anatomopathology 

8.4.1. Procedures for Specimen Collection and Submission 
8.4.2. Normal skin Cytology Findings 
8.4.3. Abnormal findings in Inflammatory Cytologies 
8.4.4. Cytologic Patterns of Inflammation 
8.4.5. Infectious Agents 
8.4.6. Skin Histopathologic Patterns 

8.5. Hypersensitivity Disorders 

8.5.1. Hypersensitivity Disorders 
8.5.2. Feline Atopic Dermatitis
8.5.3. Adverse Reactions to Food/Food Allergy 

8.6. Dermatophytosis, Malassezia Dermatitis and Other Mycoses 

8.6.1. Clinical Signs 
8.6.2. Diagnosis 
8.6.3. Treatment 
8.6.4. Environmental Control 
8.6.5. Public Health Aspects 
8.6.6. Malassezia Dermatitis 

8.6.6.1. Clinical Signs 
8.6.6.2. Treatment 

8.6.7. Other Mycosis 

8.7. Bacterial Infections 

8.7.1. Superficial Bacterial Folliculitis or Pyoderma 
8.7.2. Deep Pyoderma 
8.7.3. Abscesses
8.7.4. Feline Leprosy 

8.8. Autoimmune Diseases, Nose and Nails 

8.8.1. Autoimmune Diseases 
8.8.2. Nose Diseases 
8.8.3. Nail Diseases 

8.9. Feline Eosinophilic Complex 

8.9.1. Clinical Signs 
8.9.2. Diagnosis 
8.9.3. Treatment 

8.10. Hormonal, Dermatological, Cutaneous Psychogenic Diseases, Feline Acne 

8.10.1. Feline Acne 
8.10.2. Hormonal Diseases 
8.10.3. Dermatological Diseases with Oral Involvement 
8.10.4. Cutaneous Psychogenic Diseases 

Module 9. Infectious Diseases in Feline Patients 

9.1. Laboratorial Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases 

9.1.1. Specimen Handling 
9.1.2. Concepts of Specificity, Sensitivity, Prevalence and Predictive Value 
9.1.3. Most Common Diagnostic Techniques 

9.2. Panleukopenia 

9.2.1. The vVrus 
9.2.2. Pathogenesis
9.2.3. Clinical Signs 
9.2.4. Diagnosis 
9.2.5. Treatment 
9.2.6. Prevention 

9.3. Feline Leukemia 

9.3.1. Pathogenesis and Presentations 
9.3.2. Diagnosis 
9.3.3. Treatment 
9.3.4. Prognosis 
9.3.5. Prevention 

9.4. Feline Immunodeficiency 

9.4.1. Pathogenesis
9.4.2. Presentations 
9.4.3. Associated Diseases 
9.4.4. Diagnosis 
9.4.5. Treatment 
9.4.6. Prevention 

9.5. Inmunodeficiencia Felina 

9.5.1. Presentations 
9.5.2. Diagnosis 
9.5.3. Treatment Update 

9.6. Upper Respiratory Tract Pathogens I. Infections 

9.6.1. Main Agents Involved 
9.6.2. Herpesvirus Infections: Pathogenesis and Clinical Picture 
9.6.3. Calicivirus Infections: Pathogenesis and Clinical Picture 
9.6.4. Primary Bacterial Infections 
9.6.5. Fungal Infections 

9.7. Upper Respiratory Tract Infections II. Diagnosis, Treatment 

9.7.1. Diagnosis: Acute vs. Chronic 
9.7.2. Diagnosis: Sampling Techniques and Procedures 
9.7.3. Treatment of Herpesvirus Infections 
9.7.4. Treatment of Calicivirus Infections 
9.7.5. Treatment of Bacterial Infections: Responsible use of Antibiotics 

9.8. Gastrointestinal Infections: Diarrhea in Kittens 

9.8.1. Importance 
9.8.2. Presentations 
9.8.3. Etiology 
9.8.4. Diagnosis: Protocol and Techniques for Obtaining Samples 
9.8.5. Treatment of On-Call Infections 
9.8.6. Treatment of Tritrichomonas Infections 

9.9. SARS-CoV2 Infection in Cats 

9.9.1. Introduction 
9.9.2. Etiology 
9.9.3. Transmission 
9.9.4. Diagnosis 
9.9.5. Vaccines 

9.10. Pulmonary Parasites in the Feline Species 

9.10.1. Species Affecting the Cat 
9.10.2. Parasite Cycle 
9.10.3. Prevalence 
9.10.4. Pathogenesis
9.10.5. Clinical Picture 
9.10.6. Diagnosis 
9.10.7. Treatment 
9.10.8. Prevention 

Module 10. Oncology in the Feline Patient 

10.1. Approach to the Feline Patient with a Mass 

10.1.1. First Evaluation 
10.1.2. Cytology: Methods of Collection, Preparation, Staining and Dispatch
10.1.3. Choosing the Type of Biopsy 
10.1.4. Peculiarities of Biopsy Collection According to Specific Locations 
10.1.5. Staging 

10.2. Particularities of Chemotherapy in Cats 

10.2.1. Usage Scenarios 
10.2.2. Preparation 
10.2.3. Administration
10.2.4. Adverse Effects of the Chemotherapy and its Management 

10.3. Drugs and Electrochemotherapy 

10.3.1. Alkylating Agents 
10.3.2. Anthracyclines 
10.3.3. Antimetabolites 
10.3.4. Antitubulin Agents 
10.3.5. Platinum-Derived Drugs 
10.3.6. Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors 
10.3.7. Other Drugs 
10.3.8. Electrochemotherapy 

10.4. Digestive Lymphoma 

10.4.1. Types 
10.4.2. Clinical Signs 
10.4.3. Diagnosis and Staging 
10.4.4. Treatment and Prognosis 

10.5. Other Types of Lymphoma 

10.5.1. Peripheral Lymph Node Lymphoma 
10.5.2. Mediastinal Lymphoma 
10.5.3. Nasal Lymphoma 
10.5.4. Renal Lymphoma 
10.5.5. Central Nervous System Lymphoma 
10.5.6. Uterine and Subcutaneous Lymphoma 
10.5.7. Pharyngeal, Laryngeal and Tracheal Lymphoma 
10.5.8. Ocular Lymphoma 

10.6. Breast Tumors 

10.6.1. Clinical Presentation 
10.6.2. Diagnosis 
10.6.3. Treatment 
10.6.4. Prognosis 

10.7. Injection Site-Associated Sarcoma 

10.7.1. Pathogenesis
10.7.2. Epidemiology 
10.7.3. Clinical Management 
10.7.4. Treatment 
10.7.5. Prevention 

10.8. Other Frequent Types of Tumors in the Feline Species 

10.8.1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma 
10.8.2. Respiratory Carcinoma (Nasal and Pulmonary) 
10.8.3. Mastocytoma 
10.8.4. Squamous Cell Oral Carcinoma 
10.8.5. Osteosarcoma 

10.9. Oncologic Surgery: Excision Margins 

10.9.1. Tumor Margins 
10.9.2. Types of Resection 
10.9.3. Assessment of Margins 
10.9.4. Communication with the Pathologist 
10.9.5. Interpretation of Margins in the Biopsy Report 

10.10. Pain Management in the Cat with Cancer 

10.10.1. Pain Management in the Cat with Cancer 
10.10.2. Assessment 
10.10.3. Treatment

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