Would you like to include the use of TENS in your physiotherapy practice or update it? Whatever the answer is, with this Postgraduate diploma you will be able to do it 100% online" 

The use of interferential currents as a method of electrical stimulation for the treatment of certain muscle injuries and their associated comorbidities is becoming increasingly widespread in the physiotherapeutic practice. It encompasses a set of techniques that have demonstrated a considerable reduction in pain, as well as the normalization of the neurovegetative balance and an increase in local blood circulation. Thanks to this, pathologies such as myalgias, neuralgias or migraines have been treated through non-invasive procedures as an alternative to pharmacological ones, contributing to a considerable improvement in the health of the patients to whom they have been applied.

However, it is a clinical guideline that, by using technological tools, has evolved over time, implementing increasingly effective, specific and beneficial concepts for the health of the person. For this reason, TECH has developed a complete program that includes, precisely, the most cutting-edge information in this regard. Therefore, in just 6 months of 100% online academic experience, the graduates will be able to become a true Postgraduate diploma in Electrical Stimulation and Interferential Currents in Physical Therapy. This is a program that will not only allow graduates to update their knowledge in relation to the use of TENS and non-invasive Electrotherapy treatments, but also to improve their skills in a guaranteed way through the mastery of its tools.

To do so, students will have 425 hours of diverse resources: a broad and comprehensive syllabus designed by the program's teaching team, a group of top-level professionals in the field of Physiotherapy, real clinical cases and various additional material to expand each section in a personalized way. Everything will be available in the Virtual Campus from the beginning of the course and can be downloaded to any device with internet connection for consultation, even after the academic experience that will mark a before and after in its way to clinical innovation.

The program includes an exclusive section dedicated to interferential currents, so that you can get up to date on their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their recommended uses"

This Postgraduate diploma in Electrical Stimulation and Interferential Currents in Physical Therapy contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include:  

• The development of practical cases presented by experts in Physiotherapy and Electrotherapy. 
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice. 
• Practical exercises where self-assessment can be used to improve learning. 
• Its special emphasis on innovative methodologies  
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments 
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection 

The Postgraduate diploma also includes a specific module dedicated to the maintenance of electrostimulation tools, so that you can always make perfect use of them"

The program’s teaching staff includes professionals from the field who contribute their work experience to this educational program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities.

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive education programmed to learn in real situations.

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the academic year For this purpose, the students will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.

You will work on the most innovative concepts of dry needling for different pathologies, with special emphasis on the latest keys of Electrotherapy"

Can you differentiate the physical characteristics of the waves and their beneficial properties for the treatment of each injury? In this program you will find the answer to update your knowledge"

TECH is a pioneer in the international academic panorama for the use of the Relearning methodology for the development of its programs. The success of this pedagogical strategy lies in the reiteration of the most important concepts throughout the syllabus, favoring a gradual and natural updating of knowledge, ensuring greater durability of the information in the memory of the graduates. In addition, it is supported by the resolution of clinical cases based on real situations, thanks to which they can put their skills into practice and perfect them while at the same time keeping up to date with the latest developments in their profession. 

In the Virtual Campus you will find: videos in detail, research articles, complementary readings, clinical cases, news and much more additional material for you to expand each section in a personalized way”  

Module 1. Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation (TENS) 

1.1. Fundamentals of Current Type used in TENS 

1.1.1. Introduction 

1.1.1.1. Theoretical Framework: Neurophysiology of Pain 

1.1.1.1.1. Introduction and Classification of Nociceptive Fibers 
1.1.1.1.2. Characteristics of Nociceptive Fibers 
1.1.1.1.3. Stages of the Nociceptive Process 

1.1.2. Antinociceptive System: Gating Theory 

1.1.2.1. Introduction to Current Type used in TENS 
1.1.2.2. Basic Characteristics of TENS Type of Current (Pulse Shape, Duration, Frequency and Intensity) 

1.2. Classification of Current Type used in TENS 

1.2.1. Introduction 

1.2.1.1. Types of Electrical Current Classification 
1.2.1.2. According to Frequency (Number of Pulses Emitted per Second) 

1.2.2. Classification of Current Type used in TENS 

1.2.2.1. Conventional TENS 
1.2.2.2. TENS-Acupuncture 
1.2.2.3. Low Rate Burst TENS (Low Rate Burst) 
1.2.2.4. Brief or Intense TENS (Brief Intense) 

1.2.3. Mechanisms of Action of the TENS Current Type 

1.3. Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation (TENS) 
1.4. Analgesic Effects of High-Frequency TENS 

1.4.1. Introduction 

1.4.1.1. Main Reasons for the Wide Clinical Application of Conventional TENS

1.4.2. Hypoalgesia Derived from Conventional/High Frequency TENS 

1.4.2.1. Mechanism of Action 

1.4.3. Neurophysiology of Conventional TENS 

1.4.3.1. Gate Control 
1.4.3.2. The Metaphor 

1.4.4. Failure of Analgesic Effects 

1.4.4.1. Main Mistakes 
1.4.4.2. Main Problem of Hypoalgesia by Conventional TENS 

1.5. Analgesic Effects of Low-Frequency TENS 

1.5.1. Introduction 
1.5.2. Mechanisms of Action of TENS-mediated Hypoalgesia Acupuncture: Endogenous Opioid System 
1.5.3. Mechanism of Action 
1.5.4. High-Intensity and Low-Frequency  

1.5.4.1. Parameters
1.5.4.2. Fundamental Differences from Conventional TENS Current  

1.6. Analgesic Effects of Burst-Type TENS 

1.6.1. Introduction  
1.6.2. Description 

1.6.2.1. Burst-Type TENS Current Details 
1.6.2.2. Physical Parameters 
1.6.2.3. Sjölund and Eriksson 

1.6.3. Summary so far of the Physiological Mechanisms of both Central and Peripheral Analgesia 

1.7. Importance of Pulse Width 

1.7.1. Introduction 

1.7.1.1. Physical Characteristics of Waves 

1.7.1.1.1. Definition of a Wave 
1.7.1.1.2. Other General Characteristics and Properties of a Wave 

1.7.2. Impulse Shape 

1.8. Electrodes. Types and Application 

1.8.1. Introduction 

1.8.1.1. The TENS Current Device 

1.8.2. Electrodes 

1.8.2.1. General Characteristics 
1.8.2.2. Skin Care 
1.8.2.3. Other Types of Electrodes 

1.9. Practical Applications 

1.9.1. TENS Applications 
1.9.2. Impulse Duration 
1.9.3. Impulse Shape 
1.9.4. Intensity 
1.9.5. Frequency (F) 
1.9.6. Electrode Type and Placement 

1.10. Contraindications 

1.10.1. Contraindications to the use of TENS Therapy 
1.10.2. Recommendations for Safe TENS Practice  

Module 2. Interferential Currents 

2.1. Fundamentals of Interferential Currents 

2.1.1. Interferential Current Concept 
2.1.2. Main Properties of Interferential Currents 
2.1.3. Characteristics and Effects of Interferential Currents 

2.2. Main Parameters of Interferential Currents 

2.2.1. Introduction to the Different Parameters 
2.2.2. Types of Frequencies and Effects Produced 
2.2.3. Relevance of Application Time 
2.2.4. Types of Applications and Parameters 

2.3. Effects of High Frequency 

2.3.1. Concept of High Frequency in Interferential Streams 
2.3.2. Main Effects of High Frequency 
2.3.3. Application of High Frequency 

2.4. Concept of Accommodation. Importance and Adjustment of the Frequency Spectrum 

2.4.1. Low-Frequency Concept in Interferential Currents 
2.4.2. Main Effects of Low Frequency 
2.4.3. Low-Frequency Application 

2.5. Electrodes. Types and Application 

2.5.1. Main Types of Electrodes in Interferential Currents 
2.5.2. Relevance of Electrode Types in Interferential Currents 
2.5.3. Application of Different Types of Electrodes 

2.6. Practical Applications 

2.6.1. Recommendations for the Application of Interferential Currents 
2.6.2. Techniques for the Application of Interferential Currents 

2.7. Contraindications 

2.7.1. Contraindications to the Use of Interferential Currents 
2.7.2. Recommendations for Safe Practice Using Interferential Currents 

Module 3. Invasive Treatment in Electrotherapy 

3.1. Invasive Treatment in Physical Therapy for Analgesic Purposes 

3.1.1. General Aspects 
3.1.2. Types of Invasive Treatment 
3.1.3. Infiltration vs. Puncture 

3.2. Fundamentals of Dry Needling 

3.2.1. Myofascial Pain Syndrome 
3.2.2. Myofascial Trigger Points 
3.2.3. Neurophysiology of Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) and Trigger Points

3.3. Post-Puncture Treatments 

3.3.1. Adverse Effects of Dry Needling 
3.3.2. Post-Puncture Treatments 
3.3.3. Combination of Dry Needling and TENS 

3.4. Electrotherapy as an Adjunct to Dry Needling 

3.4.1. Non-Invasive Approach 
3.4.2. Invasive Approach 
3.4.3. Types of Electropuncture 

3.5. Percutaneous Electrical Stimulation (PENS) 

3.5.1. Neurophysiological Fundamentals of PENS Application 
3.5.2. Scientific Evidence for the Application of PENS 
3.5.3. General Considerations for PENS Implementation 

3.6. Advantages of PENS Over TENS 

3.6.1. Current Status of PENS Implementation 
3.6.2. Application of PENS in Lower Back Pain 
3.6.3. Application of PENS in Other Regions and Pathologies 

3.7. Use of Electrodes 

3.7.1. General Information on the Application of Electrodes 
3.7.2. Variations in the Application from of Electrodes 
3.7.3. Multipole Application 

3.8. Practical Applications 

3.8.1. Justification for the Implementation of the PENS 
3.8.2. Applications in Lower Back Pain 
3.8.3. Upper Quadrant and Lower Limb Applications 

3.9. Contraindications 

3.9.1. Contraindications Derived from TENS 
3.9.2. Contraindications Derived from Dry Needling 
3.9.3. General Considerations 

3.10. Invasive Treatments for Regenerative Purposes 

3.10.1. Introduction 

3.10.1.1. Electrolysis Concept 

3.10.2. Intratissue Percutaneous Electrolysis 

3.10.2.1. Concept 
3.10.2.2. Effects 
3.10.2.3. State-of-the-Art Review 
3.10.2.4. Combination with Eccentric Exercises 

3.11. Physical Principles of Galvanism 

3.11.1. Introduction 

3.11.1.1. Physical Characteristics of Direct Current 

3.11.2. Galvanic Current 

3.11.2.1. Physical Characteristics of Galvanic Current 
3.11.2.2. Chemical Phenomena of Galvanic Current 
3.11.2.3. Structure 

3.11.3. Iontophoresis 

3.11.3.1. Leduc's Experiment 
3.11.3.2. Physical Properties of Iontophoresis 

3.12. Physiological Effects of Galvanic Current 

3.12.1. Physiological Effects of Galvanic Current 
3.12.2. Electrochemical Effects 

3.12.2.1. Chemical Behavior 

3.12.3. Electrothermal Effects 
3.12.4. Electrophysical Effects 

3.13. Therapeutic Effects of Galvanic Current 

3.13.1. Clinical Application of Galvanic Current 

3.13.1.1. Vasomotor Action 
3.13.1.2. Effect on the Nervous System 

3.13.2. Therapeutic Effects of Iontophoresis 

3.13.2.1. Penetration and Elimination of Cations and Anions 
3.13.2.2. Drugs and Indications 

3.13.3. Therapeutic Effects of Intratissue Percutaneous Electrolysis 

3.14. Types of Percutaneous Application of Galvanic Currents 

3.14.1. Introduction to Application Techniques 

3.14.1.1. Classification According to Electrode Placement 

3.14.1.1.1. Direct Galvanizing 

3.14.2. Indirect Galvanizing 
3.14.3. Classification According to the Technique Applied 

3.14.3.1. Intratissue Percutaneous Electrolysis 
3.14.3.2. Iontophoresis 
3.14.3.3. Galvanic Bath 

3.15. Application Protocols 

3.15.1. Galvanic Current Application Protocols 
3.15.2. Intratissue Percutaneous Electrolysis Application Protocols 

3.15.2.1. Procedure 

3.15.3. Iontophoresis Application Protocols 

3.15.3.1. Procedure 

3.16. Contraindications 

3.16.1. Contraindications of Galvanic Current 
3.16.2. Contraindications, Complications and Precautions of Galvanic Current  

Enroll in this  Postgraduate diploma and do not miss the opportunity to implement the most innovative therapeutic techniques in your practice with the support of TECH and a team of professionals of the highest level"