A complete and fully updated Postgraduate diploma in Locomotor Disorders in Foals and Adult Horses. Extended Therapeutic Protocols in Ambulatory Practice the most complete and effective training program in the online educational market"

In order to do a good job in the field, the professional must have a solid theoretical knowledge of anatomy, pathophysiology and therapeutics, which he/she already possesses through his/her higher academic training. However, university programs sometimes lack practical and extended training in locomotor pathologies; moreover, research on the subject is constantly advancing, with new techniques and procedures being introduced on a daily basis. Professionals take training courses and attend congresses on the subject, but it is essential for them to receive solid and proven quality accredited training. This Postgraduate diploma is a comprehensive tool that will provide you with the necessary tools to be prepared to meet the demands of today's demanding job market.  

The foal is very resistant to certain situations and exhibits enormous plasticity in the face of pathologies involving, for example, healing and revascularization processes. However, it is extremely delicate and sensitive to other alterations, especially in the post-partum period. Their hygienic-sanitary management is totally different from that of the adult horse, and the veterinarian must be very aware of this difference when performing his work; what works for one does not work for the other and vice versa. 
The neonate, therefore, is especially delicate at the time of delivery and in the following days. The type of placenta that the mare has limits the immunity with which the foal is born, so in this species, it is especially important to control the neonatal period, especially during the first 24 hours of life, where colostrum intake and the arrival of immunoglobulins by intestinal absorption take place. 

For the correct evaluation of the newborn it is essential to carry out a complete examination and monitoring scheme. A healthy neonate's behavior differs considerably from that of an adult, so it is important for the veterinarian to alert the owner to normal as well as abnormal attitudes, which should alarm him or her and may be indicative of disease. The veterinarian must have a global and extensive vision of the protocols for working with a neonate, and ensure that all its systems are functioning normally. 

Join the elite, with this highly effective training and open new paths to your professional progress"

This Postgraduate diploma in Locomotor Disorders in Foals and Adult Horses. Extended Therapeutic Protocols in Ambulatory Practice offers you the characteristics of a course of high scientific, teaching and technological level. These are some of its most notable features: 

• Latest technology in online teaching software
• Highly visual teaching system, supported by graphic and schematic contents that are easy to assimilate and understand
• Practical cases presented by practising experts
• State-of-the-art interactive video systems
• Teaching supported by telepractice
• Continuous updating and recycling systems
• Self-regulating learning: full compatibility with other occupations
• Practical exercises for self-evaluation and learning verification
• Support groups and educational synergies: questions to the expert, debate and knowledge forums
• Communication with the teacher and individual reflection work
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection
• Banks of complementary documentation permanently available, even after the end of the training

A complete training program that will allow you to acquire the most advanced knowledge in all the areas of intervention of the equine veterinarian"

Our teaching staff is made up of professionals from different fields related to this specialty. In this way, we ensure that we provide you with the training update we are aiming for. A multidisciplinary team of professionals trained and experienced in different environments, who will develop the theoretical knowledge in an efficient way, but, above all, will put at your service the practical knowledge derived from their own experience: one of the differential qualities of this training. 

The efficiency of the methodological design of this Postgraduate diploma, enhances the student's understanding of the subject. Developed by a multidisciplinary team of e-learning experts, it integrates the latest advances in educational technology. This way, you will be able to study with a range of comfortable and versatile multimedia tools that will give you the operability you need in your training.  

The design of this program is based on Problem-Based Learning: an approach that conceives learning as a highly practical process. To achieve this remotely, we will use telepractice: with the help of an innovative interactive video system, and learning from an expert, you will be able to acquire the knowledge as if you were actually dealing with the scenario you are learning about. A concept that will allow you to integrate and fix learning in a more realistic and permanent way. 

 With the experience of working professionals and the analysis of real cases of success, in a high-impact training approach"

With a methodological design based on proven teaching techniques, this innovative course will take you through different teaching approaches to allow you to learn in a dynamic and effective way"

The contents have been developed by different experts, with a clear purpose: to ensure that our students acquire each and every one of the skills necessary to become true experts in this field.

A complete and well-structured program that will take you to the highest standards of quality and success. 

A comprehensive teaching program, structured in well-developed teaching units, oriented towards learning that is compatible with your personal and professional life"

Module 1. Locomotor System

1.1. Examination and Diagnosis of Lameness  

1.1.1. Introduction 

1.1.1.1. Definition of Lameness 
1.1.1.2. Causes and Types of Lameness 
1.1.1.3. Symptoms of Lameness 

1.1.2. Static Examination of Lameness 

1.1.2.1. Clinical History 
1.1.2.2. Approach to the Horse and General Examination 

1.1.2.2.1. Visual Examination: General Condition and Conformation 
1.1.2.2.2. Static Physical Examination, Palpation, Percussion and Flexion 

1.1.3. Dynamic Examination of Lameness 

1.1.3.1. Examination in Motion 
1.1.3.2. Flexion Test 
1.1.3.3. Assessment and Quantification of Lameness Objective and Subjective Methods 
1.1.3.4. Introduction to Nerve Anesthetic Blocks 

1.1.4. Introduction to Complementary Diagnostic Methods 

1.2. Anesthetic Nerve Blocks  

1.2.1. Diagnostic Loco-Regional Analgesia: Introduction 

1.2.1.1. General Considerations and Pre-Diagnostic Requirements 
1.2.1.2. Types of Blockages and Injection Techniques 
1.2.1.3. Drugs to be Used 
1.2.1.4. Election of Blockages 
1.2.1.5. Approach to the Patient 

1.2.1.4.1. Patient Management and Preparation 
1.2.1.4.2. Chemical Containment 

1.2.1.6. Evaluation of Results 

1.2.1.5.1. Subjective Assessment 
1.2.1.5.2. Objective Assessment 

1.2.1.7. Complications 

1.2.2. Perineural Anesthetic Blocks 

1.2.2.1. Perineural Analgesia in the Forelimb 
1.2.2.2. Perineural Analgesia in the Hindlimb

1.2.3. Regional Anesthetic Blocks 
1.2.4. Intrasynovial Anesthetic Blocks 

1.2.4.1. Intra-Articular Blocks 
1.2.4.2. Bursa and Tendon Sheath Blocks 

1.3. Diagnostic Imaging of Lameness  

1.3.1. Introduction to Diagnostic Imaging in the Field 
1.3.2. Technical Basis 

1.3.2.1. Radiology 
1.3.2.2. Ultrasound 
1.3.2.3. Advanced Techniques

1.3.2.3.1. Gammagraphy
1.3.2.3.2. Magnetic Resonance 
1.3.2.3.3. Computerized Tomography 

1.3.3. Bone Pathology Diagnosis 
1.3.4. Joint Pathology Diagnosis 
1.3.5. Diagnosis of Tendon and Ligament Pathology 

1.4. Pathologies of the Axial Skeleton Diagnosis and Treatment   

1.4.1. Introduction to Axial Skeletal Pathology 
1.4.2. Axial Skeleton Exploration 
1.4.3. Cervical Spine Diagnosis 
1.4.4. Diagnosis of the Thoracolumbar and Sacroiliac Spine 
1.4.5. Axial Skeleton Pathology Treatment 

1.5. Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) Traumatic Arthritis and Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment  

1.5.1. Anatomy and Physiology of the Joints 
1.5.2. Definition of EDA 
1.5.3. Cartilage Lubrication and Repair 
1.5.4. DJD Manifestations 

1.5.4.1. Acute Injuries 
1.5.4.2. Chronic Fatigue Injuries 

1.5.5. DJD Diagnosis 

1.5.5.1. Clinical Examination 
1.5.5.2. Objective and Subjective Examination of Lameness 
1.5.5.3. Diagnostic Anesthesia 
1.5.5.4. Diagnostic Imaging 

1.5.5.4.1. Radiology 
1.5.5.4.2. Ultrasound 
1.5.5.4.3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computerized Axial Tomography 
1.5.5.4.3. New Technologies 

1.5.6. Treatment of DJD 

1.5.6.1. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatories 
1.5.6.2. Steroid Anti-Inflammatories 
1.5.6.3. Hyaluronic Acid 
1.5.6.4. Glucosaminoglycans 
1.5.6.5. Pentosan 
1.5.6.6. Biological Therapies 

1.5.6.6.1. Autologous Conditioned Serum 
1.5.6.6.2. Platelet Rich Plasma 
1.5.6.6.3. Stem Cells 

1.5.6.8. Oral Supplements 

1.6. Tendinitis, Desmitis and Adjacent Structures Pathologies

1.6.1. Applied Anatomy and Tendon Damage Pathophysiology 
1.6.2. Alterations of Tendons, Ligaments and Associated Structures 

1.6.2.1. Soft Tissues of the Pastern 
1.6.2.2. Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon (SDFT) 
1.6.2.3. Deep Digital Flexor Tendon (DDFT) 
1.6.2.4. Inferior Accessory Ligament of the TFDSP 
1.6.2.5. Suspensory Ligament of the Fetlock (SL) 

1.6.2.5.1. Proximal part of the SL 
1.6.2.5.2. SL Body 
1.6.2.5.3. SL Branches 

1.6.2.6. Carpal Canal and Carpal Synovial Sheath 
1.6.2.7. Tarsal Sheath 
1.6.2.8. Plantar Fasciitis 
1.6.2.9. Bursitis 

1.6.3. Management of Tendon and Ligament Injuries 

1.6.3.1. Medical Therapy
1.6.3.2. Regenerative Therapies 

1.6.3.2.1. Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Therapies 
1.6.3.2.2. Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy 

1.6.3.3. Shock Waves and Other Physical Therapies 
1.6.3.4. Surgical Therapies
1.6.3.5. Rehabilitation and Return to Work Guidelines 

1.7. Fractures. Bone Sequestration

1.7.1. First Approach to Fractures, General Considerations Bone Sequestration 

1.7.1.1. Introduction 

1.7.1.1.1. First Aid for Fractures in Horses 
1.7.1.1.2. Case Selection, General Considerations 
1.7.1.1.3. Immobilization of fractures according to localization 

1.7.1.2. Transport 

1.7.1.2.1. Transporting an Equine Patient for Fracture Treatment 

1.7.1.3. Prognosis 
1.7.1.4. Bone Sequestration 

1.7.2. Rehabilitation and Return to Work Guidelines 

1.7.2.1. In Fractures 
1.7.2.2. In Bone Sequestration 

1.8. Laminitis

1.8.1. Pathophysiology of Laminitis 
1.8.2. Clinical of Laminitis 
1.8.3. Diagnosis of Laminitis 

1.8.3.1. Physical Examination 
1.8.3.2. Diagnostic Imaging 
1.8.3.3. Endocrine and Metabolic Assessment 

1.8.4. Medical Treatment of Laminitis 

1.8.4.1. Anti-Inflammatories 
1.8.4.2. Vasoactive Drugs 
1.8.4.3. Analgesia: 
1.8.4.4. Hypothermia
1.8.4.5. Sepsis
1.8.4.6. Pars Intermedia Pituitary Dysfunction (PPID) and Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) 

1.8.5. Stabilization of the Third Phalanx 

1.8.5.1. Sole Support Techniques 
1.8.5.2. Therapeutic Horseshoeing 

1.8.6. Treatment of Laminitis 

1.8.6.1. Use of Casts 
1.8.6.2. Fexor Digitorum Superficialis Tenotomy 
1.8.6.3. Dorsal Wall Resection 
1.8.6.4. Complications 

1.8.7. Chronic Laminitis 
1.8.8. Laminitis Prevention 

1.9. Orthopedic Field Surgery

1.9.1. Fractures of Rudimentary Metacarpals/Metatarsals 

1.9.1.1. Clinical History, Symptomatology, Different Presentations 
1.9.1.2. Diagnostic Techniques 
1.9.1.3. Decision Making, Optimal Treatment 
1.9.1.4. Surgical Management 
1.9.1.5. Complications to Surgery 
1.9.1.6. Post-Operative Care 
1.9.1.7. Rehabilitation and Return to Work Guidelines 

1.9.2. Desmotomies 

1.9.2.1. Medical History 
1.9.2.2. Decision Making 
1.9.2.3. Surgical Management 
1.9.2.4. Complications to Desmotomies 
1.9.2.5. Post-Operative Care 
1.9.2.6. Rehabilitation and Return to Work Guidelines 

1.9.3. Neurectomies 

1.9.3.1. Indications 
1.9.3.2. Pre-Surgical Considerations and Implications 
1.9.3.3. Surgical Technique 
1.9.3.4. Complications 
1.9.3.5. Post-Operative Care 
1.9.3.7. Rehabilitation and Return to Work Guidelines

1.10. Myopathies in the Horse,) 

1.10.1. Genetic and Congenital Diseases 

1.10.1.1. Myotonia 
1.10.1.2. Myopathy due to Polysaccharide Storage 
1.10.1.3. Malignant Hyperthermia 
1.10.1.4. Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis 

1.10.2. Traumatic and Irritative Alterations 

1.10.2.1. Fibrotic Myopathy 
1.10.2.2. Bruises and Tears 
1.10.2.3. Intramuscular Irritant Injections 

1.10.3. Infectious Diseases

1.10.3.1. Abscesses
1.10.3.2. Clostridial Myositis 

1.10.4. Ischemic Diseases 

1.10.4.1. Post-Anesthetic Myositis 

1.10.5. Nutritional Diseases 

1.10.5.1. Malnutrition 
1.10.5.2. Vitamin E and Selenium Alterations 
1.10.5.3. Cachectic Atrophy 

1.10.6. Pathologies Associated with Exercise 

1.10.6.1. Acute Exertional Rhabdomyolysis 
1.10.6.2. Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis 
1.10.6.3. Hypokinetic Atrophy 

Module 2. Foal Medicine and Surgery 

2.1. Neonatal Screening

2.1.1. Normal Clinical Parameters in the Foal during the First Days of Life 
2.1.2. Onset of Organ Systems Functioning at Birth and During the First Months of Life 

2.1.2.1. Gastric System 
2.1.2.2. Respiratory System 
2.1.2.3. Endocrine System 
2.1.2.4. Muscular and Neurological System 
2.1.2.5. Ophthalmic System 

2.2. Immature Foal Failure in the Passive Transfer of Immunity Isoerythrolysis Septicemia 

2.2.1. The Premature, Immature and Stunted Foal 
2.2.2. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 
2.2.3. Failure of Passive Transfer of Immunity 
2.2.4. Isoerythrolisis 
2.2.5. Neonatal Sepsis 

2.3. Neonatal Respiratory, Cardiac, Neurological and Musculoskeletal Pathologies

2.3.1. Neonatal Respiratory Pathologies 

2.3.1.1. Respiratory Bacterial Pathologies 
2.3.1.2. Viral Respiratory Pathologies 
2.3.1.3. Rib Fractures 

2.3.2. Neonatal Cardiac Pathologies 

2.3.2.1. Patent Ductus Arteriosus 
2.3.2.2. Foramen Ovale
2.3.2.3. Tetralogy of Fallot 

2.3.3. Neonatal Neurological Pathologies 

2.3.3.1. Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy 
2.3.3.2. Septic Encephalitis, Meningitis and Metabolic Encephalopathies 
2.3.3.3. Congenital Neurological Pathologies 

2.3.4. Neonatal Musculoskeletal Pathologies 

2.3.4.1. Vitamin E and Selenium Deficiency 

2.4. Neonatal Gastrointestinal, Genitourinary and Endocrine Pathologies

2.4.1 Neonatal Gastrointestinal Pathologies 

2.4.1.1. Bacterial and Viral Diarrhea 
2.4.1.2. Meconium Impaction 
2.4.1.3. Congenital Gastrointestinal Pathologies 
2.4.1.4. Gastric and Duodenal Ulcers 

2.4.2. Neonatal Genitourinary Pathologies 

2.4.2.1. Omphalophlebitis and Omphaloarteritis 
2.4.2.2. Patent Urachus 
2.4.2.3. Bladder Rupture 

2.4.3. Neonatal Endocrine Pathologies 

2.4.3.1. Thyroid Alterations 
2.4.3.2. Hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia and Lack of Maturation of the Endocrine System 

2.5. Identification and Stabilization of the Patient with Ruptured Bladder or Persistent Urachus

2.5.1. Omphalophlebitis, Omphaloarteritis and Patent Urachus 
2.5.2. Bladder Rupture 
2.5.3. Diagnostic Assessment and Stabilization Treatments 
2.5.4. Medical Treatment and Surgical Options 

2.6. Diagnostic Imaging of the Chest and Abdominal Cavity of the Foal

2.6.1. Diagnostic Imaging the Chest 

2.6.1.1. Technical Basis 

2.6.1.2.1. Radiology 
2.6.1.2.2. Ultrasound 
2.6.1.2.3. Computerized Tomography 

2.6.1.2. Thoracic Pathology 

2.6.2. Diagnostic Imaging of the Abdomen 

2.6.2.1. Technical Basis 

2.6.2.1.1. Radiology 
2.6.2.1.2. Ultrasound 

9.6.2.2. Abdominal Pathology 

2.7. Treatment of Septic Arthritis Umbilical Herniorrhaphy

2.7.1. Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Synovial Infections in the Foal 
2.7.2. Treatment of Septic Arthritis in the Foal 
2.7.3. Etiopathogenesis and Diagnosis of Umbilical Hernias 
2.7.4. Umbilical Herniorrhaphy Surgical Defects

2.8. Angular Deformities Treatment 

2.8.1. Aetiopathogenesis
2.8.2. Diagnosis 
2.8.3. Conservative Treatment 
2.8.4. Surgical Treatment

2.9. Flexural Deformities Treatment 

2.9.1. Aetiopathogenesis
2.9.2. Diagnosis 
9.9.3. Conservative Treatment 
9.9.4. Surgical Management 

2.10. Diagnosis of Developmental Diseases in the Foal Treatment of Physitis, Epiphysitis and Hoof Management Guidelines for Healthy Foals

2.10.1. Etiopathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment of different forms of Physitis, Epiphysitis, Osteochondrosis and Subchondral Cysts 
2.10.2. Evaluation of Poise in the Healthy Foal 
2.10.3. Hoof Trimming Guideline in the Healthy Foal 

Module 3. Advanced Therapeutic Protocols and Toxicology

3.1. Sedation and Total Intravenous Anesthesia

3.1.1. Total Intravenous Anesthesia 

3.1.1.1. General Considerations 
3.1.1.2. Patient and Procedure Preparation 
3.1.1.3. Pharmacology 
3.1.1.4. Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Short-Term Procedures 
3.1.1.5. Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Procedures of Medium Duration 
3.1.1.6. Total Intravenous Anesthesia in Long-Term Procedures 

3.1.2. Sedation for On-Station Procedures 

3.1.2.1. General Considerations 
3.1.2.2. Patient Preparation/Procedure 
3.1.2.3. Technique: Bolus and Continuous Intravenous Infusions 
3.1.2.4. Pharmacology 
3.1.2.5. Drug Combinations 

3.2. Pain Relief in Horses

3.2.1. Detection of Pain in Hospitalized Patients and Multimodal Analgesia 
3.2.2. Types of NSAIDs 
3.2.3. Alpha-2-Agonists and Opioids 
3.2.4. Local anesthetics 
3.2.5. Other Drugs Used for Pain Control in Equines 
3.2.6. Complementary Therapies: Acupuncture, Shockwaves, Chiropractic, Laser 

3.3. Correction of the Hydro-Electrolytic Balance

3.3.1. General Considerations on Fluid Therapy 

3.3.1.1. Objective and Key Concepts 
3.3.1.2. Organic Fluid Distribution 
3.3.1.3. Assessment of Patient Needs 

3.3.2. Types of Fluid 

3.3.2.1. Crystalloids 
3.3.2.2. Colloids 
3.3.2.3. Supplements 

3.3.3. Routes of Administration 

3.3.3.1. Intravenous 
3.3.3.2. Oral 

3.3.4. Practical Principles of Fluid Therapy Calculation 
3.3.5. Associated Complications 

3.4. Specific Considerations of Acid-Base Equilibrium in Horses

3.4.1. Specific Considerations of Acid-Base Equilibrium in Horses 

3.4.1.1. Assessment of the Patient's Acid-Base Status 
3.4.1.2. Role of Bicarbonate, Chloride and Anion Gap 

3.4.2. Metabolic Acidosis and Alkalosis 
3.4.3. Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis 
3.4.4. Compensatory Mechanisms 
3.4.5. Base Excess 

3.5. Pharmacological Considerations in the Sport Horse 

3.5.1. Equestrian Sports Regulation 
3.5.2. Doping 

3.5.2.1. Definition 
3.5.2.2. Medication Control Objectives 
3.5.2.3. Sampling and Accredited Laboratories 
3.5.2.4. Classification of Substances 

3.5.3. Types of Doping 
3.5.4. Withdrawal Time 

3.5.4.1. Factors Affecting Withdrawal Time 

3.5.4.1.1. Detection Time 
3.5.4.1.2. Regulatory Policies 
3.5.4.1.3. Animal Disposal Rate 

3.5.4.2. Factors to Consider in Determining Withdrawal Time 

3.5.4.2.1. Dose Administered 
3.5.4.2.2. Formulation
3.5.4.2.3. Route of Administration 
3.5.4.2.4. Individual Pharmacokinetics 
3.5.4.2.5. Sensitivity of Analytical Procedures 
3.5.4.2.6. Sample Behavior Matrix 
3.5.4.2.7. Environmental persistence of substances and environmental pollution 

3.6. Intensive Care of the Neonatal Foal

3.6.1. Types of Catheters, Infusion Sets, Nasogastric and Urinary Probes for the Maintenance of Intensive Care in the Foal 
3.6.2. Types of Fluids, Colloids, Plasmotherapy and Hemotherapy 
3.6.3. Total and Partial Parenteral Feeding 
3.6.4. Antibiotic Therapy, Analgesia and Other Important Medications 
3.6.5. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 

3.7. Adult Intensive Care

3.7.1. General Intensive Care Considerations 
3.7.2. Intensive Care Procedures and Techniques 

3.7.2.1. Vascular Access: Maintenance and Care 
3.7.2.2. Arterial and Venous Pressure Monitoring 

3.7.3. Cardiovascular Support 

3.7.3.1. Shock
3.7.3.2. Supportive Drugs: Inotropes and Vasopressors 
3.7.3.3. Support Strategies 

3.7.4. Respiratory Support 

3.7.4.1. Management of Respiratory Distress 

3.7.5. Critically Ill Patient Nutrition 
3.7.6. Neurological Patient Care 

3.7.6.1. Medical and Supportive Management of the Neurological Horse 

3.7.6.1.1. Trauma 
3.7.6.1.2. Encephalopathies and Myeloencephalopathies 

3.7.6.2. Specific Management of the Recumbent Horse 

3.8. Toxicology I

3.8.1. Digestive System Toxicology 
3.8.2. Liver Toxicology 
3.8.3. Toxicology Affecting the Central Nervous System 

3.9. Toxicology II

3.9.1. Toxicology Producing Clinical Signs Related to the Cardiovascular and Hemolymphatic Systems
3.9.2. Toxicology Producing Clinical Signs related to the Skin, Musculoskeletal System and General Condition
3.9.3. Toxicology Producing Clinical Signs Related to the Urinary System
3.9.4. Toxicological Problems Causing Sudden Death

3.10. Euthanasia Procedures

3.10.1. General Considerations 

3.10.1.1. Geriatric Horse 

3.10.2. Mechanisms of action for Hypothermia
3.10.3. Chemical Euthanasia Methods 
3.10.4. Physical Euthanasia Methods 
3.10.5. Euthanasia Protocol 
3.10.6. Confirmation of Death 

This training will allow you to advance in your career comfortably"