Veterinarians must continue their training to adapt to new developments in this field”

Cardiovascular disorders in animals are highly significant because they can affect their quality of life and life expectancy. Advanced knowledge of cardiology is indispensable for large animal veterinarians: ruminants (cattle, sheep, goats), camelids (alpacas, camels and llamas), swine (pigs, wild boars) and equidae (donkeys and mules).

Cardiology in ruminants and swine has been limited for a long time due to the limited literature and diagnostic limitations, especially in advanced therapeutic procedures.

Regarding Equidae, a high number of horses are used for sporting purposes and cardiac pathologies limit their capacity and even force the animal to withdraw from competition. This is more evident the more demanding the equine is in terms of sport and cardiovascular effort. The management of food species differs, but it also affects their production capacity.

In recent years, there has been a boom in the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, such as intracardiac electrocardiograms, electrophysiological mapping in arrhythmias, pacemaker implantation and other intracardiac devices that can be implemented in larger species. These advances, which are necessary for an adequate clinical approach, are not available in books.

Therefore, this Postgraduate diploma offers a comprehensive and well developed syllabus that addresses advanced cardiology topics, providing detailed descriptions of the different procedures performed depending on the species, as well as a guide for clinical decision-making and patient selection.

This program covers the basics of Cardiology and delves into the most up to date and advanced techniques currently available, offering extensive and in depth content. 

The Postgraduate diploma in Advanced Techniques for Cardiac Pathology in Large Animals brings together all the detailed information from the different areas of Cardiology at a high and advanced level of specialization, and is taught by renowned professors in the fields of internal medicine, cardiology and minimally invasive surgery in veterinary medicine.

Don't miss the opportunity to study this Postgraduate diploma with us. It's the perfect opportunity to advance your career and stand out in an industry with high demand for professionals”

This Postgraduate diploma in Advanced Techniques for Cardiac Pathology in Large Animals contains the most complete and up to date educational program on the market. The most important features of the program include:

• Development of practical cases presented by experts in Advanced Techniques for Cardiac Pathology in Large Animals
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice.
• New developments on Advanced Techniques for Cardiac Pathology in Large Animals
• Practical exercises where self assessment can be used to improve learning
• Special emphasis on innovative methodologies in Advanced Techniques for Cardiac Pathology in Large Animals
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

This Postgraduate diploma is the best investment you can make in selecting a refresher program to update your knowledge in veterinary cardiology"

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive learning programmed to train in real situations. 

This program is designed around Problem Based Learning, whereby the specialist must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the academic year. For this purpose, the professional will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts in Advanced Techniques for Cardiac Pathology in Large Animals .

This training comes with the best didactic material, providing you with a contextual approach that will facilitate your learning"

This 100% online Postgraduate diploma will allow you to combine your studies with your professional work while expanding your knowledge in this field"

The structure of the contents has been designed by the best professionals in the field of Advanced Techniques for Cardiac Pathology in Large Animals , with extensive experience and recognized prestige in the profession, backed by the volume of cases reviewed, studied and diagnosed, and with extensive knowledge of new technologies applied to veterinary medicine.   

This Postgraduate diploma contains the most complete and up to date scientific program on the market" 

Module 1. Complementary Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Tests in Large Animals: Equidae, Ruminants, Swine

1.1. General Echocardiography Concepts

1.1.1. Ultrasound Characteristics
1.1.2. Ultrasound-Tissue Interaction
1.1.3. Ultrasound Image Formation
1.1.4. Equipment Features

1.2. Basic Ultrasound Modes

1.2.1. M-mode Ultrasound
1.2.2. Two-Dimensional Ultrasound
1.2.3. Doppler Technique
1.2.4. Speckle Tracking

1.3. Special Ultrasound Modes and Cardiac Formulas

1.3.1. Contrast Ultrasound
1.3.2. Stress Ultrasound
1.3.3. Transesophageal Ultrasound
1.3.4. Fetal Cardiac Ultrasound
1.3.5. Cardiac Formulas

1.4. Ultrasound Views

1.4.1. Right Hemithorax Views
1.4.2. Left. Hemithorax Views

1.5. Electrocardiogram Interpretation

1.5.1. Assessing Cardiac Function
1.5.2. Assessment of the Structure and Dimensions of the Chambers

1.6. What is an Electrocardiogram?

1.6.1. Anatomical and Electrophysiological Foundations
1.6.2. What Is It and How Does It Originate?

1.7. Recording Techniques

1.7.1. Einthoven's Classical System
1.7.2. Base-Apex Systems and Handheld Devices
1.7.3. Electrocardiogram Acquisition Modes

1.8. Electrocardiogram Interpretation

1.8.1. Normal Electrocardiogram
1.8.2. Determining Heart Rate
1.8.3. Interpreting Heart Rate
1.8.4. Electrocardiogram Waveform Interpretation

1.9. Electrocardiogram Abnormalities

1.9.1. Artefacts
1.9.2. Wave Morphological Abnormalities

1.10. How to Deal with an Electrocardiogram?

1.10.1. Reading Protocol
1.10.2. Tricks

Module 2. Structural Cardiac Pathologies in Large Animals: Equidae, Ruminants and Swine

2.1. Congenital Cardiac Alterations I. Ventricular Septal Defect

2.1.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.1.2. Pathophysiology
2.1.3. Diagnosis
2.1.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.1.5. Treatment
2.1.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.2. Congenital Cardiac Disorders II. Tetralogy/Pentalogy of Fallot

2.2.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.2.2. Pathophysiology
2.2.3. Diagnosis
2.2.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.2.5. Treatment
2.2.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.3. Congenital Cardiac Disorders III. Patent Ductus Arteriosus

2.3.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.3.2. Pathophysiology
2.3.3. Diagnosis
2.3.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.3.5. Treatment
2.3.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.4. Congenital Cardiac Disorders IV. Rare Abnormalities.

2.4.1. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
2.4.2. Atrial Septal Defect
2.4.3. Atrioventricular Valve Dysplasia
2.4.4. Pulmonary Stenosis.

2.5. Acquired Cardiac Diseases I. Aortic Insufficiency

2.5.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.5.2. Pathophysiology
2.5.3. Diagnosis
2.5.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.5.5. Treatment
2.5.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.6. Acquired Cardiac Diseases II. Mitral Insufficiency

2.6.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.6.2. Pathophysiology
2.6.3. Diagnosis
2.6.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.6.5. Treatment
2.6.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.7. Acquired Cardiac Diseases III. Tricuspid Regurgitation

2.7.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.7.2. Pathophysiology
2.7.3. Diagnosis
2.7.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.7.5. Treatment
2.7.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.8. Acquired Cardiac Diseases IV. Pulmonary Insufficiency and Pulmonary Hypertension

2.8.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.8.2. Pathophysiology
2.8.3. Diagnosis
2.8.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.8.5. Treatment
2.8.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.9. Acquired Cardiac Diseases V. Aorto-Cardiac and Aorto-Pulmonary Fistulas

2.9.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.9.2. Pathophysiology
2.9.3. Diagnosis
2.9.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.9.5. Treatment
2.9.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.10. Heart Failure

2.10.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.10.2. Pathophysiology
2.10.3. Diagnosis
2.10.4. Treatment
2.10.5. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

Module 3. Arrhythmias in Large Animals: Equidae, Ruminants and Swine

3.1. Sinus Rhythm

3.1.1. Features
3.1.2. EKG Recognition

3.2. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, Bradycardia and Tachycardia Sinus Arrhythmias

3.2.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.2.2. Pathophysiology
3.2.3. Diagnosis
3.2.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.2.5. Treatment
3.2.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.3. Premature Supraventricular Complexes and Atrial Tachycardia

3.3.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.3.2. Pathophysiology
3.3.3. Diagnosis
3.3.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.3.5. Treatment
3.3.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.4. Atrial Fibrillation

3.4.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.4.2. Pathophysiology
3.4.3. Diagnosis
3.4.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.4.5. Treatment
3.4.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.5. Premature Ventricular Complexes and Ventricular Tachycardia

3.5.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.5.2. Pathophysiology
3.5.3. Diagnosis
3.5.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.5.5. Treatment
3.5.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.6. Non-Pathological Conduction Disorders

3.6.1. Sinus Block and Second Degree Atrioventricular Block

3.6.1.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.6.1.2. Pathophysiology
3.6.1.3. Diagnosis
3.6.1.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.6.1.5. Treatment
3.6.1.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.7. Pathological Conduction Disorders

3.7.1. Advanced Second Degree and Third Degree Atrioventricular Block

3.7.1.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.7.1.2. Pathophysiology
3.7.1.3. Diagnosis
3.7.1.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.7.1.5. Treatment
3.7.1.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.7.2. Sick Sinus Syndrome

3.7.2.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.7.2.2. Pathophysiology
3.7.2.3. Diagnosis
3.7.2.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.7.2.5. Treatment
3.7.2.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.8. Supraventricular Beats and Escape Rhythms

3.8.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.8.2. Pathophysiology
3.8.3. Diagnosis
3.8.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.8.5. Treatment
3.8.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.9. Ventricular Beats and Escape Rhythms

3.9.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.9.2. Pathophysiology
3.9.3. Diagnosis
3.9.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.9.5. Treatment
3.9.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.10. Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm and Ventricular Preexcitation Syndrome

3.10.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.10.2. Pathophysiology
3.10.3. Diagnosis
3.10.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.10.5. Treatment
3.10.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

Module 4. Advanced Cardiac Procedures: Interventionism, Minimally Invasive Surgery and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Large Animals: Equidae, Ruminants and Swine

4.1. Anesthesia of Patients Undergoing Cardiac Interventional and Minimally Invasive Surgery

4.1.1. Monitoring
4.1.2. General Anesthesia in Non-Critically Ill Patients
4.1.3. General Anesthesia in Critically Ill Patients
4.1.4. Anesthesia for On-Station Procedures

4.2. Endomyocardial Biopsy

4.2.1. Instruments
4.2.2. Technique
4.2.3. Indications for Use
4.2.4. Associated Complications

4.3. Pacemaker Implantation

4.3.1. Instruments
4.3.2. Technique
4.3.3. Indications for Use
4.3.4. Associated Complications

4.4. Septal Occlusion with Amplatzer Devices for Interventricular Communication

4.4.1. Instruments
4.4.2. Technique
4.4.3. Indications for Use
4.4.4. Associated Complications

4.5. Septal Occlusion of Aorto-Cardiac Fistulas with Amplatzer Devices

4.5.1. Instruments
4.5.2. Technique
4.5.3. Indications for Use
4.5.4. Associated Complications

4.6. Endovenous Electrical Cardioversion

4.6.1. Instruments
4.6.1. Technique
4.6.2. Indications for Use
4.6.3. Associated Complications

4.7. Electrophysiological Mapping

4.7.1. Instruments
4.7.2. Technique
4.7.3. Indications for Use
4.7.4. Associated Complications

4.8. Ablation of Supraventricular Arrhythmias

4.8.1. Instruments
4.8.2. Technique
4.8.3. Indications for Use
4.8.4. Associated Complications

4.9. Pericardiectomy. by Thoracoscopy

4.9.1. Instruments
4.9.2. Technique
4.9.3. Indications for Use
4.9.4. Associated Complications

4.10. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

4.10.1. In Foals
4.10.2. In Adults

A unique specialization program that will allow you to acquire advanced training in this field"