Recognize the psychological, social and physical needs of your patients with hematological pathologies by complying with a program endorsed by experts" 

Scientific advances in recent years have improved the chances of children with hematological pathologies receiving more appropriate treatments. These advances are continuous and require nursing professionals working in neonatology, emergency, hematology and pediatric ICU units to constantly specialize and update their knowledge, in order to offer quality and personalized care to children and families who require specific, advanced and complex care.

Nursing care of pediatric patients with hematologic pathology is a challenge for the patients and their family. This is because of the significance of the disease itself, its evolution, the intensive and specific treatment it requires, its side effects and the emotional and social repercussions it entails for them. The nursing professionals who care for these patients and their families are aware of the need to continue their academic studies in order to obtain a specific level of competence that will allow them to broaden their clinical care in response to the needs of their patients and their families.

The Professional master’s degree in Pediatric Hematology Nursing is unique in many aspects, since it addresses specific issues related to the treatment and care of children and adolescents with hematologic diseases, as well as providing support to the families that go through these diseases together with the children. In this way, students will achieve the knowledge and skills that will allow them to develop the personal and professional attitudes to face this type of situations in their work environments.

The teaching team is of recognized prestige and has extensive experience in internationally renowned units in the treatment and care of newborns, children and adolescents with hematologic malignancies. This Professional Master's Degree will provide scientific-technical knowledge and comprehensive care, so that students acquire the skills they require in order to care for children with hematologic pathology and their families, taking into account the physical, psychological, emotional, social and spiritual dimensions.

A 100% online Professional master’s degree that provides the student with the ease of being able to study it comfortably, wherever and whenever they want. All they need is a device with internet access to take their career one step further. A modality in keeping with the current times with all the guarantees to position the nurse in a highly demanded sector.

Stand out in your work environment by developing professional and personal skills to care for children with hematologic pathologies"   

This Professional master’s degree in Pediatric Hematology Nursing contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include:

• The development of case studies presented by experts in Pediatric Hematology
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Practical exercises where the self assessment process can be carried out to improve learning
• Special emphasis on innovative methodologies
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

Learn about the different bleeding disorders in newborns by following the practical examples presented by experts in Pediatric Hematology" 

The program’s teaching staff includes professionals from the sector who contribute their work experience to this program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities.

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide an immersive program designed to learn in real situations.

The design of this Program focuses on Problem-Based Learning, by means of which the professional will have to try to solve the different professional practice situations, which will be presented throughout the program. For this purpose, the student will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.

You can access the program whenever and wherever you want thanks to its 100% online mode, which will allow you to continue with your daily work while you study"

With the help of experts in the field of Pediatric Hematology, carry out an in-depth review of the composition of the blood and the pathologies that can develop in children"

In order to ensure that students meet the requirements of nursing applied to pediatric patients with hematologic conditions, a syllabus has been developed whose modules offer a broad perspective of this field of action, from a holistic, tolerant, sensitive point of view and focused on ensuring the rights, beliefs and wishes of their patients. From module 1, students will see their knowledge broadened, which will enable them to develop professionally, knowing that they can count on the support of a team of experts.

Master nursing care aimed at meeting patients' needs by preventing complications and ensuring safe practice"

Module 1. Basis of Neonatal and Pediatric Hematology

1.1. Fetal Hematopoiesis

1.1.1. Introduction Prenatal Hematopoiesis
1.1.2. Mesoblastic or Megaloblastic Hematopoiesis
1.1.3. Hepatic Phase
1.1.4. Splenic Phase
1.1.5. Medullary or Myeloid Phase

1.2. Healthy Newborn

1.2.1. Fetal Development
1.2.2. Changes at Birth
1.2.3. First Month of Life

1.3. Postnatal Hematopoiesis

1.3.1. General Concepts Postnatal Hematopoiesis
1.3.2. Types of Hematopoietic Tissue

1.3.2.1. Myeloid Tissue
1.3.2.2. Lymphoid Tissue

1.3.3. Temperature Regulation Stimulation and Inhibition
1.3.4. Erythropoiesis

1.3.4.1. Hemoglobin Synthesis
1.3.4.2. Hemoglobin Alterations

1.3.5. Granulocytopoiesis
1.3.6. Monocytopoiesis
1.3.7. Platelet Formation

1.4. Composition of the Blood: Formed Elements

1.4.1. Introduction to Blood Cells and Plasma
1.4.2. Blood Functions
1.4.3. Blood Components

1.4.3.1. Plasma
1.4.3.2. Formal Elements

1.4.3.2.1. Red Cells or Erythrocytes
1.4.3.2.2. Leukocytes

1.4.3.2.2.1. Granular (Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils)
1.4.3.2.2.2. Non-Granular (Lymphocytes, Monocytes)

1.5. Composition of the Blood: Blood Plasma

1.5.1. Blood Plasma Composition

1.5.1.1. Plasma Proteins

1.5.1.1.1. Albumins
1.5.1.1.2. Globulins
1.5.1.1.3. Fibrinogen
1.5.1.1.4. Others

1.5.2. Plasma Functions
1.5.3. Differences between Plasma and Serum

1.6. Blood Groups

1.6.1. Introduction
1.6.2. Antigen Group 0-A-B

1.6.2.1. A and B Antigens: Agglutinogens
1.6.2.2. Genetic Determination of Agglutinogens
1.6.2.3. Aglutinin
1.6.2.4. Agglutination Process in Transfusion Reactions
1.6.2.5. Blood Typing

1.6.3. Rh Blood Type

1.6.3.1. Rh Antigens
1.6.3.2. Rh Immune Response
1.6.3.3. Erythroblastosis Fetalis ("Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn")

1.7. Immune System

1.7.1. General Concepts of Immunology
1.7.2. Immunological System Functions
1.7.3. Immune System Organs

1.7.3.1. Skin and Mucous Membranes
1.7.3.2. Thymus
1.7.3.3. Liver and Bone Marrow
1.7.3.4. Bladder
1.7.3.5. Lymph Nodes

1.7.4. The Innate or Non-Specific System
1.7.5. The Adaptive or Specific System
1.7.6. Humoral Elements in the Immune Response

1.7.6.1. T Lymphocytes
1.7.6.2. Natural Killer Cells (NK)
1.7.6.3. Antigen-Presenting Cells (HLA Antigen, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, B Lymphocytes)
1.7.6.4. Polymorphonuclear Cells: Neutrophils, Basophils and Eosinophils

1.8. Fundamentals of Hemostasis

1.8.1. Introduction
1.8.2. Primary Hemostasis

1.8.2.1. Vessels, Endothelium and Platelets
1.8.2.2. Physiology

1.8.2.2.1. Initiation (Platelet Adhesion)
1.8.2.2.2. Extension (Platelet Activation)
1.8.2.2.3. Perpetuation (Platelet Aggregation and Procoagulant Activity)

1.8.3. Secondary Hemostasis or Coagulation

1.8.3.1. Coagulation Factors
1.8.3.2. Physiology

1.8.3.2.1. Extrinsic Pathway
1.8.3.2.2. Intrinsic Pathway

1.8.4. Control Mechanisms of the Coagulation Process
1.8.5. Clot Removal and Fibrinolysis
1.8.6. Laboratory Tests

1.8.6.1. Evaluate Primary Hemostasis
1.8.6.2. Evaluate Coagulation

1.9. Healthy Child

1.9.1. Infant: 1 - 24 Months
1.9.2. Pre-School Stage
1.9.3. School Stage

1.10. Adolescent Stage
1.11. Introduction to Hematologic Diseases in Pediatrics

1.11.1. Introduction
1.11.2. Non-Malignant Hematologic Pathologies

1.11.2.1. In Newborns

1.11.2.1.1. Specificities
1.11.2.1.2. Most Frequent Hematologic Pathologies

1.11.2.1.2.1. Non-Physiologic Neonatal Jaundice
1.11.2.1.2.2. Preterm Anemia
1.11.2.1.2.3. Other Anemias of the Newborn
1.11.2.1.2.4. Hemorrhagic Disorders
1.11.2.1.2.5. Polycythemia
1.11.2.1.2.6. Neonatal Shock

1.11.2.2. In Children

1.11.2.2.1. Specificities
1.11.2.2.2. Most Common Pathologies

1.11.2.2.2.1. Anemia in Pediatrics
1.11.2.2.2.2. Hemoglobinopathies
1.11.2.2.2.3. Coagulation and Hemostasis Abnormalities
1.11.2.2.2.4. Non-Malignant Granulocyte Diseases
1.11.2.2.2.5. Primary Immunodeficiencies
1.11.2.2.2.6. Congenital Spinal Insufficiencies
1.11.2.2.2.7. Most Frequent Infections

1.11.3. Malignant Hematologic Pathologies

1.11.3.1. Leukemias
1.11.3.2. Lymphomas

1.11.3.2.1. Hodgkin's Lymphomas
1.11.3.2.2. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma 

Module 2. Non-Malignant Hematologic Pathology in Newborns

2.1. Hematologic Reference Values in Newborns

2.1.1. Introduction
2.1.2. Reference Values in the Hemogram of the Newborn at Term

2.1.2.1. Reference Values of the Red Series in the RNAT
2.1.2.2. Reference Values of the White Series in the RNAT

2.1.3. Reference Values in RNAT Biochemistry
2.1.4. Reference Values in RNAT Hemostasis
2.1.5. Reference Values in the RNAT Blood Gas Measurement

2.1.5.1. Blood Gasometry at Birth
2.1.5.2. Gasometry at 24 Hours of Life

2.2. Non-Physiologic Neonatal Jaundice and Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

2.2.1. Introduction
2.2.2. Basic Pathogenic Concepts
2.2.3. Etiopathogenesis

2.2.3.1. Physiological Jaundice
2.2.3.2. Non-Physiologic jaundice
2.2.3.3. Jaundice due to Rh Factor Incompatibility

2.2.3.3.1. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

2.2.4. Clinical Complications

2.2.4.1. Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy
2.2.4.2. Chronic Encephalopathy or Kernicterus

2.2.5. Diagnosis of the Newborn with Jaundice

2.2.5.1. Medical History
2.2.5.2. Physical Exploration
2.2.5.3. Laboratory Tests

2.2.6. Treatment

2.2.6.1. Phototherapy
2.2.6.2. Exchange Transfusion
2.2.6.3. Pharmacological Therapy

2.3. Preterm Anemia

2.3.1. Definition of Anemia of Prematurity (AOP)

2.3.1.1. Anemia Considerations in the Preterm Newborn (PTNB)
2.3.1.2. Features of a RNPT
2.3.1.3. Hematological Characteristics of PTNB

2.3.2. Classification of Anemia by Weeks of Gestation and Corrected Weeks of Gestation
2.3.3. Epidemiology of Anemias in the Newborn Pediatric Anemias
2.3.4. Pathophysiology and Most Common Causes of Anemia in Preterm Preemies

2.3.4.1. Anemias Related to Decreased Erythrocyte Production
2.3.4.2. Anemias Related to Increased Erythrocyte Destruction
2.3.4.3. Anemias Related to Total Blood Volume Loss

2.3.5. Clinical Symptoms

2.3.5.1. Generalities
2.3.5.2. Related to the Cause
2.3.5.3. Gestational Age Related

2.3.6. Diagnosis

2.3.6.1. Prenatal Diagnosis. Is It Possible?
2.3.6.2. Differential Diagnosis
2.3.6.3. Complementary Tests

2.3.6.3.1. General Aspects
2.3.6.3.2. How to Perform a Hemogram Correctly in a PTNB

2.3.7. Treatment

2.3.7.1. Transfusion Treatment
2.3.7.2. Other Treatments of the Cause

2.3.7.2.1. Erythropoietin Administration
2.3.7.2.2. Autotransfusions

2.3.8. Evolution and Prognosis of Anemias in the PTNB

2.4. Other Anemias of the Newborn and Infant

2.4.1. Difference between Physiological and Non-Physiological Anemia
2.4.2. Most Important Pathophysiological Differences between PTNB and Term Newborns (TNB)
2.4.3. Causes of Anemias in Newborns and Infants

2.4.3.1. Hemorrhagic
2.4.3.2. Hemolytics
2.4.3.3. Hypoplastic

2.4.4. Characteristics of Hypoplastic Anemias

2.4.4.1. Physiological Hypoplastic Anemia
2.4.4.2. Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia

2.4.4.2.1. Diamond Blackfan
2.4.4.2.2. Fanconi Anemia
2.4.4.2.3. Dyserythropoietics
2.4.4.2.4. Idiopathic Aplasia
2.4.4.2.5. Estren-Dameshek

2.4.4.3. Secondary Aplastic Anemia

2.4.4.3.1. Congenital Leukemia
2.4.4.3.2. Infections
2.4.4.3.3. Post Transfusion Anemias
2.4.4.3.4. Others

2.4.5. Secondary Aplastic Anemia
2.4.6. Differential Diagnosis and Complementary Tests
2.4.7. Transfusion Treatments and Criteria According to Age (RNAT/Infant)
2.4.8. Other Treatments: Exchange Transfusion
2.4.9. Treatment Considerations. New Treatments

2.5. Hemorrhagic Disorders in Newborns

2.5.1. Introduction
2.5.2. Clinical Symptoms
2.5.3. Etiology of Hemorrhagic Disorders in the Neonate

2.5.3.1. Acquired Causes

2.5.3.1.1. Vitamin K Deficiency
2.5.3.1.2. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
2.5.3.1.3. Hepatopathies
2.5.3.1.4. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
2.5.3.1.5. Others: α2 Antiplasmin Deficiency, Vascular Problems, Obstetric Trauma, Platelet Qualitative Disorders, Acquired Immune and Non-Immune Thrombopenias

2.5.3.2. Hereditary Causes

2.5.3.2.1. Congenital Deficiency of Clotting Factors: Hemophilia, Von Willebrand's Disease

2.5.4. Diagnosis of the Newborn with Hemorrhage

2.5.4.1. Medical History
2.5.4.2. Physical Exploration
2.5.4.3. Laboratory Tests

2.5.5. Treatment of Hemorrhage in Newborns

2.6. Polycythemia in the Newborn

2.6.1. Introduction
2.6.2. Etiopathogenesis

2.6.2.1. Blood Transfusion (Hypervolemia)
2.6.2.2. Increased Erythropoyesis (Normovolemia)
2.6.2.3. Hemoconcentration Due to Volume Depletion
2.6.2.4. Others: Physiological, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

2.6.3. Clinical Symptoms

2.6.3.1. Neurological Manifestations
2.6.3.2. Hematological Manifestations
2.6.3.3. Cardiac Manifestations
2.6.3.4. Respiratory Manifestations
2.6.3.5. Gastrointestinal Manifestations
2.6.3.6. Renal and Genitourinary Manifestations
2.6.3.7. Dermatological Manifestations
2.6.3.8. Metabolic Manifestations

2.6.4. Diagnosis
2.6.5. Treatment of Polycythemia in the Newborn

2.6.5.1. General Measures
2.6.5.2. Partial Exchange Transfusion

2.6.6. Prognosis

2.7. Thrombocytopenias in Newborns

2.7.1. Introduction
2.7.2. Clinical Symptoms
2.7.3. Etiology

2.7.3.1. Acquired Thrombocytopenias

2.7.3.1.1. Diseases: Hepatopathies, Intraventricular Hemorrhage, Intraventricular Hemorrhage
2.7.3.1.2. Ictericia Severa

2.7.3.2. Hereditary Thrombocytopenias

2.7.3.2.1. Autosomal Recessive: Glanzmann Thrombasthenia, Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
2.7.3.2.2. Autosomal Dominant: Platelet-Type Von Willebrand's Disease, Quebec Platelet Syndrome

2.7.4. Classification According to the Type of Thrombocytopenia

2.7.4.1. Immune Neonatal Thrombocytopenia: Alloimmune or Autoimmune
2.7.4.2. Infectious Neonatal Thrombocytopenia
2.7.4.3. Neonatal Thrombocytopenia of Genetic Origin
2.7.4.4. Various Causes

2.7.5. Diagnosis of the Newborn with Hemorrhage

2.7.5.1. Medical History
2.7.5.2. Physical Exploration
2.7.5.3. Laboratory Tests

2.7.6. Treatment of Thrombocytopenia in Newborns

2.8. Neonatal Shock

2.8.1. Introduction

2.8.1.1. Pathophysiological Bases
2.8.1.2. Types of Shock
2.8.1.3. Risk Factors Associated with Neonatal Shock

2.8.2. Etiology of Neonatal Shock
2.8.3. Neonatal Shock Clinic
2.8.4. Diagnosis of Neonatal Shock

2.8.4.1. Medical History
2.8.4.2. Physical Exploration
2.8.4.3. Complementary Tests

2.8.5. Treatment of Neonatal Shock

Module 3. Specificities of Care in Newborns with Non-Malignant Hematologic Pathology 

3.1. Developmental and Family-Centered Care Model. NIDCAP

3.1.1. Introduction to the Model
3.1.2. Synactive Theory
3.1.3. Neurodevelopment and Behaviors of Newborns
3.1.4. The Family as Primary Caregiver
3.1.5. Teamwork

3.2. Application of NIDCAP in Newborns

3.2.1. Positioning and Manipulation
3.2.2. Babysitting Method
3.2.3. Painful Procedures
3.2.4. Inclusion of the Family in Care

3.3. Adaptation of the Neonatal Unit According to the NIDCAP Model

3.3.1. Lighting and Acoustic Control
3.3.2. Doors Open 24 Hours a Day
3.3.3. Grouping of Procedures and Manipulations
3.3.4. Sibling Project
3.3.5. Joint Hospitalization
3.3.6. "At Home with You"

3.4. The Importance of Feeding and Nutrition in the Newborn

3.4.1. Feeding of the Newborn with Non-Malignant Hematologic Pathology
3.4.2. Breastfeeding
3.4.3. Breast Milk Bank
3.4.4. Artificial Breastfeeding

3.5. Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures in the Newborn

3.5.1. Anamnesis and Detailed Examination
3.5.2. Blood Group and Coombs Test
3.5.3. Blood Analysis
3.5.4. Transcutaneous Bilirubin
3.5.5. Food Control and Elimination
3.5.6. Other Procedures

3.6. Venous Access in the Newborn

3.6.1. Umbilical Venous Catheter (CVU)
3.6.2. Epicutaneocava Catheter
3.6.3. Tunneled Central Venous Catheter type broviac
3.6.4. Central Femoral and Jugular Venous Lines
3.6.5. Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter (PICC)
3.6.6. Peripheral Venous Line

3.7. Most Frequent Treatments in the Newborn with Hematologic Pathology

3.7.1. Hemorrhagic Disease Prophylaxis
3.7.2. Phototherapy
3.7.3. Intravenous Immunoglobulins
3.7.4. Seroalbumin
3.7.5. Exchange Transfusion
3.7.6. Complementary Treatments
3.7.7 Metalloporphyrins

3.8. Specific Nursing Care in the Management of the Infant with Nonphysiologic Neonatal Jaundice

3.8.1. Theoretical Framework

3.8.1.1. Nursing Care Based on the Virginia Henderson Model

3.8.2. Nursing Care of Newborns with Non-Physiologic Neonatal Jaundice

3.8.2.1. Nursing Care Relating to Phototherapy
3.8.2.2. Nursing Care Relating to Exchange Transfusion
3.8.2.3. Nursing Care Relating to Pharmacological Treatment

3.8.3. Phases of the Nursing Process

3.8.3.1. Evaluation
3.8.3.2. Detection of Problems. Diagnosis
3.8.3.3. NOC Planning
3.8.3.4. Execution NIC
3.8.3.5. Assessment

Module 4. Non-Malignant Hematologic Pathology in Children 

4.1. Anemia in Pediatrics (I)

4.1.1. Introduction. Concepts
4.1.2. General Pathophysiology of Anemias in Pediatrics
4.1.3. Classification of Anemias

4.1.3.1. Morphological
4.1.3.2. Pathophysiological
4.1.3.3. By Establishment

4.1.4. Prevalence and Incidence of Anemias in Pediatrics
4.1.5. General Signs and Symptoms
4.1.6. Differential Diagnosis According to Type of Anemia
4.1.7. Iron Deficiency Anemia

4.2. Anemias in Pediatrics (II)

4.2.1. Microcytic Anemia

4.2.1.1. Iron Deficiency
4.2.1.2. Thalassemia
4.2.1.3. Chronic Inflammatory Disease
4.2.1.4. Others

4.2.1.4.1. Copper Deficiency Anemia
4.2.1.4.2. Anemia Due to Intoxication
4.2.1.4.3. Others

4.2.2. Normocytic Anemia

4.2.2.1. Definition and Possible Causes

4.2.2.1.1. Bone Marrow Aplasia/Hypoplasia
4.2.2.1.2. Hemophagocytic Syndrome

4.2.3. Macrocytic Anemia

4.2.3.1. Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia
4.2.3.2. Folate Deficiency Anemia
4.2.3.3. Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
4.2.3.4. Bone Marrow Failure

4.2.4. Hemolytic Disorders

4.2.4.1. Hemoglobinopathies
4.2.4.2. Enzymopathies
4.2.4.3. Immune Hemolytic Anemia
4.2.4.4. Extrinsic Factors

4.2.4.4.1. Wilson's Disease
4.2.4.4.2. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
4.2.4.4.3. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
4.2.4.4.4. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

4.3. Hemoglobinopathies: Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassemias

4.3.1. Quantitative Hemoglobinopathies: Thalassemias

4.3.1.1. Definition
4.3.1.2. Pathophysiology
4.3.1.3. Thalassemia Major or Cooley’s Clinic
4.3.1.4. Treatment

4.3.1.4.1. Hypertransfusion and Iron Chelators
4.3.1.4.2. Allogeneic HSCT

4.3.2. Qualitative Hemoglobinopathies: Sickle Cell Disease

4.3.2.1. Definition
4.3.2.2. Clinical Symptoms

4.3.2.2.1. Hemolytic Anemia, Vasculopathy and Chronic Organ Damage 
4.3.2.2.2. Venoocclusive Crises
4.3.2.2.3. Infections
4.3.2.2.4. Others

4.3.2.3. Treatment

4.3.2.3.1. Pain
4.3.2.3.2. Emergency
4.3.2.3.3. Surgical Interventions
4.3.2.3.4. Allogeneic HSCT

4.4. Alterations of Coagulation and Hemostasis in Pediatrics

4.4.1. Thrombocytopenias

4.4.1.1. Concept
4.4.1.2. Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia (PID)

4.4.1.2.1. Definition
4.4.1.2.2. Etiology
4.4.1.2.3. Clinical Symptoms
4.4.1.2.4. Treatment

4.4.1.2.4.1. Intravenous Corticosteroids and Immunoglobulins
4.4.1.2.4.2. IG Anti-D, Chrysotherapy
4.4.1.2.4.3. Splenectomy, Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists, Rituximab
4.4.1.2.4.4. According to Acute or Chronic

4.4.2. Hemophilia A and B

4.4.2.1. Etiology
4.4.2.2. Clinical Symptoms
4.4.2.3. Treatment

4.4.2.3.1. Inactivated or Recombinant Plasma Concentrate
4.4.2.3.2. Desmopressin
4.4.2.3.3. Vaccination and Sport Specificities

4.4.3. Von Willebrand Disease (VWD)

4.4.3.1. Definition
4.4.3.2. Etiology
4.4.3.3. Clinical Symptoms
4.4.3.4. Treatment

4.5. Non-Malignant Granulocyte Diseases

4.5.1. Neutropenia

4.5.1.1. Classification
4.5.1.2. Severe Congenital Neutropenia

4.5.1.2.1. Signs and Symptoms
4.5.1.2.2. Epidemiology
4.5.1.2.3. Diagnosis
4.5.1.2.4. Treatment
4.5.1.2.5. Complications

4.5.2. Congenital Defects of Phagocytic Function

4.5.2.1. Clinical Characteristics
4.5.2.2. Prevalence
4.5.2.3. Genetic Diagnosis and Advice
4.5.2.4. Treatment

4.6. Primary Immunodeficiencies

4.6.1. Introduction to Primary Immunodeficiencies (PID)
4.6.2. PID Clinic
4.6.3. Diagnosis of PIDs
4.6.4. Types of IDP
4.6.5. Treatment of PIDs

4.7. Congenital Spinal Insufficiencies (IMC)

4.7.1. Concept
4.7.2. Classification

4.7.2.1. Global BMI

4.7.2.1.1. Definition
4.7.2.1.2. Fanconi Anemia
4.7.2.1.3. Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome

4.7.2.1.3.1. Introduction
4.7.2.1.3.2. Clinical Symptoms
4.7.2.1.3.3. Treatment

4.7.2.2. Isolated IMC

4.7.2.2.1. Blackfan-Diamond Anemia

4.7.2.2.1.1. Definition
4.7.2.2.1.2. Clinical Symptoms
4.7.2.2.1.3. Treatment

4.8. Congenital Medullary Insufficiencies: Fanconi's Anemia

4.8.1. Definition
4.8.2. Differentiation between Fanconi Anemia and Fanconi Syndrome
4.8.3. Characteristics of Fanconi Anemia
4.8.4. Diagnosis

4.8.4.1. Diagnostic Suspicion

4.8.4.1.1. For Sibling Diagnosed with Fanconi's Anemia
4.8.4.1.2. Due to the Appearance of Aplastic Anemia or Bone Marrow Failure
4.8.4.1.3. For the Appearance of Myelodysplasia or Leukemia

4.8.4.2. Tests

4.8.4.2.1. Prenatal Diagnosis
4.8.4.2.2. Ultrasound
4.8.4.2.3. Flow Cytometry Analysis
4.8.4.2.4. Blood Count
4.8.4.2.5. Bone Marrow Aspirate (BMA) and Bone Marrow Biopsy
4.8.4.2.6. Others

4.8.5. Treatment

4.8.5.1. Support

4.8.5.1.1. Androgen Derivatives
4.8.5.1.2. Growth Factors
4.8.5.1.3. Blood Transfusions

4.8.5.2. Curative

4.8.5.2.1. Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Transplantation
4.8.5.2.2. Genetic Therapy

4.8.6. Prognosis

4.9. Most Frequent Infections in Pediatric Patient with Hematologic Pathology

4.9.1. Infection Predisposing Factors
4.9.2. Infection Prevention
4.9.3. Most Frequent Infections

4.9.3.1. Febrile Neutropenia
4.9.3.2. Bacteremia
4.9.3.3. Sepsis and Septic Shock
4.9.3.4. Respiratory Infections
4.9.3.5. Digestive Infections
4.9.3.6. CNS Infections
4.9.3.7. Infections by Multiresistant Organisms
4.9.3.8. Viral Infections

Module 5. Malignant Hematologic Pathology in Pediatrics

5.1. Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Hematologic Cancer in Pediatrics

5.1.1. Epidemiology of Hematologic Cancer in Pediatrics

5.1.1.1. General Aspects
5.1.1.2. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
5.1.1.3. Hodgkin's Lymphomas
5.1.1.4. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

5.1.2. Pathophysiology of Cancer in Pediatrics

5.1.2.1. Unlimited Replication Potential
5.1.2.2. Clonal Expansion
5.1.2.3. Aberrant Differentiation
5.1.2.4. Avoidance by Apoptosis

5.2. Standard or Intermediate-Risk B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) in Pediatrics

5.2.1. Introduction
5.2.2. Clinical symptoms
5.2.3. Diagnosis
5.2.4. Treatment

5.3. High-Risk B-ALL and T-ALL in Pediatrics

5.3.1. High-Risk B-ALL

5.3.1.1. Introduction
5.3.1.2. Clinical Symptoms
5.3.1.3. Diagnosis
5.3.1.4. Treatment

5.3.2. LLA-T

5.3.2.1. Introduction
5.3.2.2. Clinical Symptoms
5.3.2.3. Diagnosis
5.3.2.4. Treatment

5.4. Leukemia in Infants (Infantile Leukemia)

5.4.1. Introduction
5.4.2. Chromosomal Alterations
5.4.3. Clinical Characteristics
5.4.5. Therapeutic Approaches
5.4.6. Survival

5.5. Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia

5.5.1. Acute Myeloid Leukemias in Pediatrics

5.5.1.1. Association to Syndromes
5.5.1.2. Stratification by Risk Groups

5.5.2. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in Pediatrics (ALL or AML L3)

5.5.2.1. Morphological
5.5.2.2. Translocations
5.5.2.3. Characteristic Coagulopathy
5.5.2.4. Treatment
5.5.2.5. Controls

5.6. Others Leukemias and Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Pediatrics

5.6.1. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

5.6.1.1. Clinical Symptoms
5.6.1.2. Treatment

5.6.2. Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)

5.6.2.1. Definition
5.6.2.2. Clinical Symptoms
5.6.2.3. Treatment
5.6.2.4. New Therapies
5.6.2.5. Myelodysplastic Syndromes

5.7. Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Pediatrics

5.7.1. Introduction
5.7.2. Clinical Symptoms
5.7.3. Diagnosis and Staging
5.7.4. Treatment
5.7.5. Prognosis

5.8. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Pediatrics

5.8.1. Introduction
5.8.2. Classification
5.8.3. Clinical Symptoms
5.8.4. Diagnosis and Staging
5.8.5. Treatment

5.9. Burkitt Lymphoma

5.9.1. Specific Characteristics
5.9.2. Forms of Presentation
5.9.3. Clinical Symptoms
5.9.4. Diagnosis
5.9.5. Treatment

5.10. Malignant Histiocytosis

5.10.1. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH)

5.10.1.1. Clinical Symptoms
5.10.1.2. Diagnosis
5.10.1.3. Treatment

5.10.2. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

5.10.2.1. Diagnosis
5.10.2.2. Treatment 

Module 6. Pharmacological Treatment and Nursing Care of the Child with Hematologic Pathology

6.1. Central and Peripheral Venous Catheters. Nursing Care

6.1.1. Introduction
6.1.2. Choice of Catheter
6.1.3. Peripheral Venous Accesses
6.1.4. Central Venous Access

6.2. The Great Ally: Subcutaneous Reservoir. Most Important Aspects of Care

6.2.1. Introduction
6.2.2. Placement Indications
6.2.3. Advantages and Disadvantages
6.2.4. Implementation
6.2.5. Withdrawal

6.3. General Principles of Drug Administration in Pediatrics

6.3.1. Safety in the Administration of Drugs in Hematologic Pediatrics
6.3.2. Routes of Administration and Care
6.3.3. Recording of Drug Administration
6.3.4. Main Drugs to Support Treatment

6.4. Most Relevant Treatments in Patients with Immunodeficiencies

6.4.1. General Measures
6.4.2. Prophylactic and or Symptomatic Treatment
6.4.3. Substitution Treatment
6.4.4. Curative Treatment

6.5. Antineoplastic Treatment (I)

6.5.1. Chemotherapy Fundamentals
6.5.2. Erythropoietin Indications
6.5.3. Treatment Response Criteria
6.5.4. Drug Resistance
6.5.6. Forms of Chemotherapy Administration
6.5.7. Interaction of Chemotherapy with Other Drugs
6.5.8. Chemotherapy Regimens
6.5.9. Dose Intensity

6.6. Antineoplastic Treatment (II)

6.6.1. Most Commonly Used Antineoplastic Agents in Pediatric Hematology
6.6.2. Chemoprotective Agents
6.6.3. Short and Medium Term Side Effects

6.7. Administration of Antineoplastic Drugs. Most Important Care

6.7.1. General Measures in the Administration of Cytostatics
6.7.2. Risk Prevention in the Administration of Cytostatic Drugs

6.7.2.1. Safety Circuit
6.7.2.2. Drug Reception and Storage
6.7.2.3. Dual Validation of Pharmacological and Non Pharmacological Measures Prior to Drug Infusion
6.7.2.4. Dual Validation of the Antineoplastic Drug
6.7.2.5. Personal Protective Equipment (EPI)
6.7.2.6. Drug Corroboration at the Bedside

6.7.3. Nursing Care by Route of Administration

6.7.3.1. Nursing Care in Oral Administration
6.7.3.2. Intramuscular Administration Nursing Care
6.7.3.3. Intrathecal Administration Nursing Care
6.7.3.4. Intra-Arterial Administration Nursing Care

6.7.4. Nursing Action in the Avent of a Cytostatic Spill

6.8. Administration of Antineoplastic Drugs. Most Important Care

6.8.1. Agents Irritant Capacity and Toxicity of Antineoplastic Agents
6.8.2. Pre-, During and Post-Administration Care
6.8.3. Action in Case of Complications

6.9. Hemotherapy Support in Pediatrics. Most Relevant Care

6.9.1. Blood Products

6.9.1.1. Whole Blood
6.9.1.2. Red Blood Cell Concentrates
6.9.1.3. Platelet Concentrate
6.9.1.4. Fresh Plasma

6.9.2. Irradiation and Washing of Products
6.9.3. Transfusion Indications and Dosage
6.9.4. Request

6.9.4.1. Documentation
6.9.4.2. Crossmatch Sample

6.9.5. Administration of Blood Derivatives
6.9.6. Adverse Reactions
6.9.7. Transfusion Safety

Module 7. Nursing Care of the Child and Adolescent with Severe Hematologic Disease and Their Families 

7.1. "Caring with Care" for the Child/Adolescent and Their Family

7.1.1. Fragility and Vulnerability

7.1.1.1. Of the People We Care For
7.1.1.2. From Nursing Professionals

7.1.2. Sympathy, Empathy and Compassion

7.1.2.1. Of the People We Care For
7.1.2.2. From Nursing Professionals

7.1.3. Bioethics and Pediatrics

7.1.3.1. Paternalism in Pediatrics
7.1.3.2. The Problem of Autonomy in Minors
7.1.3.3. Assent and Informed Consent for Minors
7.1.3.4. Autonomy in Adolescence and the Mature Child
7.1.3.5. Legal Capacity of the Minor
7.1.3.6. Parental Access to Medical Records
7.1.3.7. The Health Care Ethics Committee (CEA)
7.1.3.8. Nursing as an Ethical Guarantee

7.2. Safety as a Priority in Pediatric

7.2.1. Why and What For?
7.2.2. Professionals Involved
7.2.3. Safety Priorities
7.2.4. Care Based on Scientific Evidence
7.2.5. Safety in the Pediatric Hematology Unit

7.3. Child/Adolescent and Family Reception at the Onset of Severe Hematologic Disease

7.3.1. The Debut of the Child and Adolescent with Severe Hematologic Disease
7.3.2. Care in the Pediatric Emergency Unit
7.3.3. Care in the Hospitalization Unit

7.4. Observation and Active Listening in Pediatric Hematology

7.4.1. Differences between Seeing, Looking and Observing
7.4.2. Objectives of Active Observation
7.4.3. Moments of Observation in Pediatric Hematology

7.4.3.1. Observation of the Child
7.4.3.2. Family Observation

7.4.4. Obstacles and Difficulties

7.5. Assessment and Nursing Diagnosis in Pediatric Hematology

7.5.1. Basis of Nursing Assessment

7.5.1.1. Process, Planned, Systematic, Continuous, Deliberate
7.5.1.2. Valuation Objectives
7.5.1.3. Types of Valuation According to Objectives
7.5.1.4. Overall Appraisal
7.5.1.5. Focused Assessment

7.5.2. Stages of the Nursing Assessment Process

7.5.2.1. Obtaining Results
7.5.2.2. Evaluation of Information
7.5.2.3. Standardized Assessment in Pediatric Hematology

7.5.3. Detection of Problems in Pediatric Hematology
7.5.4. Interdependent Problems in Pediatric Hematology
7.5.5. Most Frequent Nursing Diagnoses in Pediatric Hematology According to the Situation

7.6. Nursing Care in Symptom Management in Pediatric Hematology

7.6.1. General Principles of Symptom 
7.6.2. Symptom Assessment
7.6.3. Variable Emotional Attitude
7.6.4. Irritability
7.6.5. Physical Pain
7.6.6. Myelosuppression Derivatives
7.6.7. Anorexia
7.6.8. Nausea and Vomiting
7.6.9. Digestive System
7.6.10. Alopecia
7.6.11. Cushing's Syndrome
7.6.12. Hemorrhagic Cystitis
7.6.13. Pneumonitis
7.6.14. Ocular and Other Sensory Organ Disorders
7.6.15. Neurological Alterations

7.7. Skin Care in Pediatric Patients with Severe Hematologic Disease

7.7.1. Introduction
7.7.2. General Skin Care

7.7.2.1. Sun Exposure
7.7.2.2. Clothing
7.7.2.3. Hygiene and Hydration
7.7.2.4. Nails
7.7.2.5. Postural Changes

7.7.3. Most Common Alterations. Prevention, Assessment, Treatment

7.7.3.1. Alopecia
7.7.3.2. Hirsutism
7.7.3.3. Exfoliative Dermatitis or Palmoplantar Erythrodysesthesia
7.7.3.4. Pruritus
7.7.3.5. Stretch Marks
7.7.3.6. Ulcerations
7.7.3.7. Perianal and Genital Dermatoses
7.7.3.8. Mucositis
7.7.3.9. Related to Therapeutic Devices

7.8. Feeding in Children with Hematologic Malignancies

7.8.1. Importance of Nutrition in Childhood
7.8.2. Special Needs of the Child with Severe Hematologic Pathology
7.8.3. Side Effects of Treatment in Children With Severe Hematologic Pathology
7.8.4. Adaptation of Diet in Children with Severe Hematologic Pathology
7.8.5. Nutritional Support
7.8.6. Adaptation of the Diet in Complications
7.8.7. Other Combinational Nutritional Therapies
7.8.8. Adapted Recipes/Tips to Make the Meal More Appetizing

7.9. Performance of Diagnostic Tests. Nursing Care

7.9.1. Patient and Family Information
7.9.2. Coordination of Professionals
7.9.3. Patient Preparation
7.9.4. Care During the Test
7.9.5. Patient Reception
7.9.6. Specific Care During the Following Hours

7.10. Nursing Consultation of the Pediatric Patient with Non-Malignant Hematologic Disease. Specific Care

7.10.1. Introduction
7.10.2. Diagnostic Support
7.10.3. Socio-Family Assessment and Quality of Life
7.10.4. Education Preventive Measures
7.10.5. Adherence to Treatment
7.10.6. Transition to the Adult Unit

7.11. Research in Pediatric Hematology Care

7.11.1. Evidence-Based Nursing (EBN)

7.11.1.1. Pillars of EBE
7.11.1.2. EBE Phases and Models
7.11.1.3. Formulation of Questions
7.11.1.4. Search for Evidence
7.11.1.5. Critical Reading
7.11.1.6. Implementation and Evaluation

7.11.2. Research Methodology
7.11.3. Innovation in Care
7.11.4. Where Are We Headed? 

Module 8. All Together as a Team 

8.1. Emergency Nursing Care in the Pediatric Patient with Hematologic Pathology

8.1.1. Definition of Urgency in the Child with Severe Hematologic Pathology
8.1.2. Most Common Emergencies in Children with Severe Hematologic Pathology

8.1.2.1. According to Etiology
8.1.2.2. According to Affected Organs

8.1.3. Most Frequent Reasons for Admission to the Emergency Department in Children with Severe Hematologic Pathology
8.1.4. Performance in the Most Common Emergencies

8.1.4.1. Hyperleukocytosis
8.1.4.2. Febrile Neutropenia
8.1.4.3. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRS)
8.1.4.4. Cytokine Release Syndrome
8.1.4.5. Severe Pain
8.1.4.6. Acute Methotrexate Toxicity
8.1.4.7. Transfusion Reactions
8.1.4.8. Extravasations
8.1.4.9. Intrathecal Chemotherapy Side Effects

8.1.5. Management of Oxygen Therapy, Fluid Therapy, Main Drugs and Electromedicine Devices and Administration of Drugs
8.1.6. Emergency Response
8.1.7. Crash Cart Defibrillator
8.1.8. Training of the Assistance Team
8.1.9. Communication with the Family and the Child/Adolescent

8.2. Nursing Care of Pediatric Patients With Hematologic Diseases and Their Family, Admitted to the PICU(I)

8.2.1. Initial Assessment of the PICU Patient
8.2.2. Common Complications Requiring Intensive Care

8.2.2.1. Complications Related to the Underlying Disease and its Treatment

8.2.2.1.1. Respiratory Failure
8.2.2.1.2. Cardiac Alterations
8.2.2.1.3. Alteration of the Hematological System
8.2.2.1.4. Acute Kidney Failure
8.2.2.1.5. Metabolic Alterations
8.2.2.1.6. Hepatic Toxicity

8.2.2.2. Complications Related to the Postoperative Period in Neurosurgery

8.2.3. Basic Nursing Care in the Pediatric Patient Admitted to the PICU
8.2.4. Nutritional Aspects of the PICU Patient
8.2.5. Special Situations in the Oncologic Patient

8.2.5.1. Patient Requiring Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)
8.2.5.2. Patient Subjected to High Frequency Mechanical Ventilation (HFMV)

8.3. Nursing Care of the Pediatric Patient with Hematologic Disease and Family, Admitted to the PICU (II)

8.3.1. Initial Comprehensive Care for the Family of the Hematologic Patient Admitted to the PICU
8.3.2. Psychological Aspects in Children with Hematologic Pathology Requiring Intensive Care

8.3.2.1. Pain Management
8.3.2.2. Treatment Anxiety
8.3.2.3. Fear of Death

8.3.3. Bereavement in the Oncologic Patient Admitted to the PICU
8.3.4. Special Situations of the Oncologic Patient Admitted to the PICU

8.3.4.1. Communication with the Oncology Patient Subjected to Mechanical Ventilation
8.3.4.2. Rehabilitation (Respiratory and Motor Physiotherapy)

8.3.5. Medical Information and Care Team-Family Unit Communication
8.3.6. End of Life Care for Oncology Patients

8.4. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Humanization Projects

8.4.1. General Criteria for Admission of Hematologic Patients to the PICU
8.4.2. Family Repercussions of Admission to the PICU
8.4.3. Humanistic Vision of Critical Care
8.4.4. Care Model: Family Centered Care

8.4.4.1. Family Empowerment
8.4.4.2. Emotional Well-Being

8.4.5. Characteristics of the Care Team in a Humanistic PICU
8.4.6. Humanizing Strategies in an Open Door PICU

8.5. Psychological Support of the Child with Severe Hematologic Pathology

8.5.1. Developmental Stage of Childhood
8.5.2. The Child with Severe Hematologic Disease

8.5.2.1. Specific Characteristics
8.5.2.2. Psychological Care for Children and Families

8.5.2.2.1. General Aspects
8.5.2.2.2. According to the Stage of the Disease

8.5.3. Survivors of Childhood Hematologic Malignant Hematologic Disease and Quality of Life
8.5.4. Death in Childhood

8.5.4.1. Palliative Care
8.5.4.2. Grief

8.6. Psychological Support for Adolescents During the Process of Living with a Serious Hematological Disease

8.6.1. Adolescent Developmental Stage
8.6.2. The Adolescent with Severe Hematologic Disease

8.6.2.1. Specific Characteristics of the Adolescent with Severe Hematologic Disease
8.6.2.2. Psychological Care in the Phases of the Disease

8.6.2.2.1. Diagnosis
8.6.2.2.2. Treatment
8.6.2.2.3. Post Treatment

8.6.3. Survivors in Adolescence and Quality of Life
8.6.4. Death in Adolescence

8.7. Educational Continuity in Children and Adolescents with Hematologic Pathology

8.7.1. Educational Care as a Right; Principles of Educational Care for Students with Illnesses
8.7.2. Requirements and Procedures
8.7.3. Academic Coverage During the Sickness Process

8.7.3.1. In Hospital. Hospital Classrooms 
8.7.3.2. Home Based Educational Support Service

8.8. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and Humanization

8.8.1. Use of ICT and eHealth for Parents

8.8.1.1. Decalogue for the Good use of ICTs
8.8.1.2. ICTs as a Method of Distraction and Relief from Pain and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents
8.8.1.3. ICTs as a Method of Communication and Learning

8.8.2. Use of ICT and e-Health for Parents

8.8.2.1. Information Needs
8.8.2.2. Communication Needs
8.8.2.3. Development and Prescription of Apps and Websites in Pediatric Oncology
8.8.2.4. Use of Social Networks

8.8.3. Use of ICTs and eHealth in Health Professionals

8.8.3.1. New Technologies and New Challenges for the Nursing Professional
8.8.3.2. Application of New Technologies in Health Care
8.8.3.3. Useful Applications for Pediatric Hematology Nurses
8.8.3.4. ICT Applications in the Healthcare of the Future

Module 9. Towards Healing: Allogeneic HSCT in Pediatrics

9.1. Introduction and Indications for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Transplantation

9.1.1. Hematopoietic Progenitors (HP) and PHT
9.1.2. The Histocompatibility System (HLA or MHC)
9.1.3. The History Hematopoietic Progenitor Transplantation
9.1.4. Types of Hematopoietic Progenitor Transplantation

9.1.4.1. Depending on the Donor
9.1.4.2. According to the Source of the Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells

9.1.5. Indications for Allogeneic HSCT

9.1.5.1. Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

9.1.5.1.1. Leukemias
9.1.5.1.2. Myelodysplastic Syndromes
9.1.5.1.3. Lymphomas

9.1.5.2. Patients with NO Malignancies

9.1.5.2.1. Erythrocyte Alterations
9.1.5.2.2. Primary Immunodeficiencies
9.1.5.2.3. Congenital Spinal Insufficiencies
9.1.5.2.4. Others

9.2. From Donor Selection to Infusion of Hematopoietic Progenitors

9.2.1. Donor Selection

9.2.1.1. Related Donors
9.2.1.2. Search for Unrelated Donors
9.2.1.3. Choice of Donor

9.2.2. PH Collection Techniques

9.2.2.1. Cord Blood Progenitor Procurement and Handling
9.2.2.2. Mobilization and Collection of Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cells
9.2.2.3. Bone Marrow Progenitor Cell Harvesting by Direct Bone Marrow Aspiration

9.2.3. Transportation of PHs (from Hospital of origin to Receiving Hospital)

9.2.3.1. Bag Labeling
9.2.3.2. Container Labeling
9.2.3.3. Documentation
9.2.3.4. Temperature

9.2.4. PH Management and Conservation

9.2.4.1. Quality Control of Cell Processing
9.2.4.2. Handling Prior to Cryopreservation
9.2.4.3. Cryopreservation
9.2.4.4. Defrosting
9.2.4.5. Transport to the Hospital TPH Unit for Infusions

9.3. Nursing During the Conditioning of the Child/Adolescent Undergoing Allo-PHPT

9.3.1. Patient and Family Welcome
9.3.2. Patient Assessment
9.3.3. Conditioning Regimes

9.3.3.1. Total Body Irradiance (TBI)
9.3.3.2. Chemotherapy

9.3.4. Prophylaxis of Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

9.3.4.1. Methotrexate
9.3.4.2. Infliximab and Rituximab
9.3.4.3. Cyclosporine
9.3.4.4. Mycophenolate
9.3.4.5. ATG
9.3.4.6. Cyclophosphamide
9.3.4.7. Corticoids
9.3.4.8. Non-Specific Immunoglobulins

9.3.5. Prophylaxis of Sinusoidal Obstructive Syndrome (SOS)
9.3.6. Infection Prophylaxis

9.3.6.1. Protected Environment Settings
9.3.6.2. Low Bacterial Diet
9.3.6.3. Pharmacological Prophylaxis

9.3.7. Patient and Family Accompaniment

9.4. Day 0. Infusion of Hematopoietic Progenitors

9.4.1. Day 0
9.4.2. Patient Preparation
9.4.3. Parent’s Reception
9.4.4. Progenitor Infusion
9.4.5. Potential Complications
9.4.6. Post Infusion Care of Progenitors

9.4.6.1. Patient Care
9.4.6.2. Family Care

9.5. Phase of Medullary Aplasia. Nursing Care

9.5.1. Duration of the Spinal Cord Aplasia Phase
9.5.2. Potential Complications of the Spinal Cord Aplasia Phase

9.5.2.1. Directly Derived from the Conditioning Treatment
9.5.2.2. Produced by the Situation of Aplasia

9.5.2.2.1. Infections
9.5.2.2.2. Nausea and Vomiting
9.5.2.2.3. Diarrhea
9.5.2.2.4. Mucositis
9.5.2.2.5. Hemorrhages
9.5.2.2.6. Respiratory Problems

9.5.3. Nursing Assessment and Interventions

9.6. Mid-Term Nursing Care of the Transplanted Child/Adolescent and Their Family

9.6.1. Duration of the Post-Transplant Phase in the Mid Term
9.6.2. Potential Complications of the Post Transplant Phase in the Mid Term

9.6.2.1. Infections
9.6.2.2. Graft Versus Host Disease
9.6.2.3. Implant and Pre-Implant Syndrome
9.6.2.4. Implant Graft Failure
9.6.2.5. Other Complications

9.6.2.5.1. Hemorrhagic Cystitis
9.6.2.5.2. Renal Dysfunction
9.6.2.5.3. Thrombotic Microangiopathy
9.6.2.5.4. Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome (IPS)
9.6.2.5.5. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage

9.6.3. Nursing Assessment and Interventions

9.7. Most Relevant Emergencies in Post-Transplant Patients

9.7.1. Introduction
9.7.2. Sepsis and Septic Shock
9.7.3. Mucositis Grade III-IV
9.7.4. Implant Syndrome
9.7.5. Capillary Hyperpermeability Syndrome (CLS)
9.7.6. Acute GVHD and Chronic GVHD
9.7.7. Hemorrhagic Cystitis
9.7.8. Sinusoidal Obstructive Syndrome of the Liver (SOS)
9.7.9. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)
9.7.10. Acute Kidney Failure
9.7.11. Respiratory Failure Post HPT

9.7.11.1. Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome (IPS)
9.7.11.2. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage(HAD)
9.7.11.3. Organizational Cryptogenic Pneumonia (COP)
9.7.11.4. Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS)

9.7.12. Post-TPH Thrombotic Microangiopathy (MAT)
9.7.13. Cardiac Toxicity
9.7.14. Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome (SDMO)
9.7.15. Transfer the Intensive Care Unit

9.8. Follow Up HPT Nursing Consultation

9.8.1. La TPH nursing consultation
9.8.2. Nursing Care in the Pre-Hematopoietic Progenitor Transplant Consultation

9.8.2.1. Information About the Process
9.8.2.2. Welcome to the TPH Unit and Basic Recommendations for Operation
9.8.2.3. Anthropometric Measurements and Vital Signs
9.8.2.4. Peripheral Blood Analysis Pre-TPH
9.8.2.5. Presentation of the Multidisciplinary Team
9.8.2.6. Emotional Support to the Patient and Family
9.8.2.7. Resolution of Doubts

9.8.3. Nursing Care in Post-HPCT Follow-Up Consultations

9.8.3.1. Short Term

9.8.3.1.1. Review of Information Provided at Discharge from Hospitalization
9.8.3.1.2. Surveillance Signs and Symptoms, Information on Warning Signs, Early Detection of Complications
9.8.3.1.3. Information on Measures to Avoid Infection: Avoid Contact with People with Flu-like Symptoms, Avoid Crowded Indoor Spaces
9.8.3.1.4. Dietary and Nutritional Recommendations
9.8.3.1.5. Vascular Access Care and Monitoring: PAC, PICC
9.8.3.1.6. Care and Monitoring of Nutritional Support Devices: SNG, Gastric Button
9.8.3.1.7. Pain Assessment
9.8.3.1.8. Activity Evaluation
9.8.3.1.9. Health Education
9.8.3.1.10. Information About Day Hospital Circuits
9.8.3.1.11. Emotional Support to the Patient and Family

9.8.3.2. In the Long Term

9.8.3.2.1. Monitoring Signs and Symptoms
9.8.3.2.2. Early Detection of Toxicity Complications
9.8.3.2.3. Coordination with other Specialists: Cardiology, Endocrinology and Traumatology
9.8.3.2.4. Chronic Monitoring: Symptomatic Treatments, Emotional Support, Adherence to Treatment
9.8.3.2.5. Follow-Up Immunizations Post TPH
9.8.3.2.6. Health Education on Healthy Habits for Children and Adolescents

9.9. New Therapies in the Treatment of Post allo-HPT Complications

9.9.1. Donor CD34+ Progenitor Infusion for the Treatment of Implant Failure Secondary to Allogeneic HPT

9.9.1.1. Candidate Patients
9.9.1.2. Procedure

9.9.2. Extracorporeal Photopheresis for the Treatment of GVHD

9.9.2.1. Candidate Patients
9.9.2.2. Procedure

9.9.3. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion for the Treatment of GVHD

9.9.3.1. Candidate Patients
9.9.3.2. Procedure

9.9.4. Donor Lymphocyte Infusion. Immunotherapy in Patients Relapsing after Allogeneic HSCT

9.9.4.1. Candidate Patients
9.9.4.2. Procedure

Module 10. When the Response to Treatment is not Adequate

10.1. Introduction

10.1.1. Response to Disease
10.1.2. Definition of Survival
10.1.3. Definition of Recurrence
10.1.4. Diseases or Situations with Higher Likelihood of Recurrences
10.1.5. Treatment Options
10.1.6. Welcoming and Accompanying in the Recurrence of the Disease

10.1.6.1. Parents

10.1.6.1.1. Emotional Reactions
10.1.6.1.2. Facing

10.1.6.2. Emotional Reactions and Coping with Relapse in Children and Adolescents

10.2. Concept, Rationale and Need for Clinical Trials in Pediatric Hematology

10.2.1. What is a Clinical Trial?
10.2.2. Historical Background, Legislation and Ethics of Experimentation with Drugs

10.2.2.1. "The Canon of Medicine" Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
10.2.2.2. First Clinical Trial in History. James Lind
10.2.2.3. Experiments on Children in the Auschwitz Concentration Camp (Josef Mengele)
10.2.2.4. Nuremberg Code (1946)
10.2.2.5. Ethically Questionable Clinical Trials after the Nuremberg Code
10.2.2.6. Declaration of Helsinki (1964)
10.2.2.7. Good Clinical Practice Guidelines (1995)10.2.3. Why are Clinical Trials Necessary in Pediatric Hematology?

10.2.3. Why are Clinical Trials Necessary in Pediatric Hematology?

10.2.3.1. Increase Overall Survival of Patients with Poor Prognosis
10.2.3.2. Decrease Long-Term Sequelae

10.3. Design, Preparation and Implementation of a Clinical Trial

10.3.1. Design of a Clinical Trial
10.3.2. Phases of Clinical Trials
10.3.3. Identification and Selection of Participating Centers
10.3.4. Medication and Hospital Pharmacy Service
10.3.5. Sample Analysis Laboratories
10.3.6. Economic Aspects of the Clinical Trial
10.3.7. Archive

10.4. Development of an Open Clinical Trial in a Center and Professionals Involved

10.4.1. Initiation Visit
10.4.2. Monitoring Visit
10.4.3. Closing Visit
10.4.4. Investigators File
10.4.5. Management of Adverse Events
10.4.6. Trial Medication
10.4.7. Inclusion of Patients
10.4.8. Trial Drug Administration, Disease Evaluation and Follow Up
10.4.9. Professionals Involved in a Clinical Trial

10.4.9.1. Professionals in the Hospital Field
10.4.9.2. Pharmaceutical Company Professionals

10.5. Role of the Nursing Professional in Pediatric Hematology Clinical Trials

10.5.1. Nurse in the Clinical Trials team in Pediatric OncoHematology
10.5.2. Specific Training Requirements

10.5.2.1. Training in Good Clinical Practices
10.5.2.2. Training in Handling and Shipping of Biohazard Samples
10.5.2.3. Training Specific to Each Clinical Trial

10.5.3. Responsibilities
10.5.4. Delegated Clinical Trial Activities

10.5.4.1. Material Management

10.5.4.1.1. Fungibles
10.5.4.1.2. Non-Expendable

10.5.4.2. Management of Local Laboratory Samples
10.5.4.3. Central Laboratory Sample Management
10.5.4.4. Nursing Techniques
10.5.4.5. Drug Administration
10.5.4.6. Source Records
10.5.4.7. Electronic Data Collection Notebook

10.5.5. Nursing Care

10.5.5.1. Basic Needs Care
10.5.5.2. Accompaniment

10.6. Current Status and Future of Pediatric Hematology. Personalized Medicine

10.6.1. Science and Economics
10.6.2. Fundamentals of Translational Research
10.6.3. Definition Personalized Medicine
10.6.4. High-Throughput Sequencing Techniques
10.6.5. Data Analysis
10.6.6. Biomarkers
10.6.7. Preclinical Models

10.7. Introduction, Objectives and Stages of the Therapeutic Approach in Pediatric Pediatric Palliative Care

10.7.1. History of Palliative Care
10.7.2. Difficulties in the Application of the Palliative Care in the Pediatric Population. The Challenge of Pediatric Palliative Care
10.7.3. Definition of Pediatric Palliative Care
10.7.4. Pediatric Palliative Care Groups
10.7.5. Peculiarities of Pediatric Palliative Care
10.7.6. Universal Principles of the Palliative Care
10.7.7. Objectives of the Palliative Approach
10.7.8. Advanced Disease Situation. Turning Point
10.7.9. Stages of the Therapeutic Approach
10.7.10. Place of Care: Hospital vs. Domiciliary

10.8. Symptom Management in Pediatric Hematology (Including Pain) in Palliative Care

10.8.1. Diagnosis and Evaluation of the Symptoms
10.8.2. General Principles of Symptom
10.8.3. Symptoms to Alleviate

10.8.3.1. Main Symptom to Alleviate: Pain
10.8.3.2. General Symptoms
10.8.3.3. Constitutional Symptoms
10.8.3.4. Respiratory Symptoms
10.8.3.5. Digestive Symptoms
10.8.3.6. Neurological Symptoms
10.8.3.7. Other Symptoms

10.8.4. Prevention and Treatment

10.8.4.1. Non-Pharmacological Methods
10.8.4.2. Pharmacological Measures

10.9. Total Pain and Ethical Issues in Pediatric Palliative Care

10.9.1. Total Pain

10.9.1.1. Cicely Saunders 
10.9.1.2. Concept of Total Pain
10.9.1.3. Pain Threshold
10.9.1.4. Basic Principles of Total Pain Relief
10.9.1.5. Pain, Suffering and Death
10.9.1.6. Barriers in the Management of Total Pain in Pediatric OncoHematology
10.9.1.7. Dying with Dignity

10.10. Nursing Care During the Terminal Phase and Last-Day Situation in Pediatric Palliative Care

10.10.1. Diagnostic Principles of the Terminal Phase
10.10.2. Agony Phase or Last Days Situation (LDS)

10.10.2.1. Concept
10.10.2.2. Signs and Symptoms of the Dying Phase
10.10.2.3. Therapeutic Objectives
10.10.2.4. Symptom Control
10.10.2.5. Family Care
10.10.2.6. Palliative Sedation
10.10.2.7. Adjustment of Pharmacological Treatment

10.10.3. Palliative Sedation

Module 11. Welcoming, Caring and Accompanying in Pediatric Hematology

11.1. Comprehensive View of the Care of the Child with Hematologic Pathology and their Family

11.1.1. A Comprehensive Look at Human Health

11.1.1.1. Physical Health
11.1.1.2. Mental Health
11.1.1.3. Emotional Health
11.1.1.4. Social Health
11.1.1.5. Spiritual Health

11.1.2. The Nurse's Eye

11.1.2.1. Emotions, Beliefs and Professional Development
11.1.2.2. Welcoming, Caring and Accompanying
11.1.2.3. Biomedical Model
11.1.2.4. Salutogenic Model

11.1.3. Systemic Approach to Care

11.1.3.1. Consistency of the Person
11.1.3.2. System Consistency
11.1.3.3. Consistency of the "Soul"

11.1.4. Welcoming, Caring for and Accompanying in a Comprehensive Manner

11.1.4.1. Nursing Roles and Competencies
11.1.4.2. The Interdisciplinary Work of Professionals
11.1.4.3. Transdisciplinary Challenges for the Nurse Practitioner

11.2. Theories and Models That Approach the Integral Vision of Nursing

11.2.1. The Salutogenic Model Applied to Care

11.2.1.1. Welfare Assets
11.2.1.2. Development of Personal Assets
11.2.1.3. Development of System Assets
11.2.1.4. Development of Institutional Assets

11.2.2. Development of Personal Assets
11.2.3. Helping Relationship Model: Hildegarde Peplau
11.2.4. Health Promotion Model: Nola Pender
11.2.5. Diversity Theory and Universality of Care: Madeleine Leininger
11.2.6. Human Care Theory: Jean Watson
11.2.7. Comfort Theory: Katharine Kolkaba
11.2.8. Marie Françoise Colliére. Promoting Life

11.3. The Facilitating Role of Nursing in Pediatric Hematology

11.3.1. The Role of the Facilitator
11.3.2. The Nursing Perspective
11.3.3. Facilitating Care from the Different Nursing Roles
11.3.4. Humanization of Care
11.3.5. Assistance Orders

11.4. Emotional Competency Profile of Pediatric Hematology Nurses

11.4.1. The Need to Promote the Social Emotional Development of the Nursing Professional
11.4.2. Nursing Emotional Competency Model
11.4.3. Everything that Can Be Done with an Emotion
11.4.4. Health in Nursing Pediatric Hematology

11.5. Therapeutic Communication in Pediatric Hematology

11.5.1. Specific Skills for Effective and Affective Communication
11.5.2. Key Ideas in Relation to the Child and the Family
11.5.3. Key Ideas in Relation to the Times of Illness
11.5.4. Key Ideas in Relation to Intra and Interprofessional Practice

11.6. The Influence of the Environment and the Surroundings in the Accompaniment of the Child with Hematologic Pathology

11.6.1. Occupational Health and Work Teams
11.6.2. Space Architecture
11.6.3. Responsible Environment with a Rights Perspective
11.6.4. The Significance of Spaces

11.7. Family System Accompaniment in Pediatric Hematology

11.7.1. Family as a System
11.7.2. Caring for the Caregiver
11.7.3. Accompanying Processes of High Emotional Impact
11.7.4. Parenting Support
11.7.5. Barriers to Care
11.7.6. Coping with Illness
11.7.7. Systemic Support

11.8. Psychomotor and Affective Development of Infants and Preschoolers with Hematologic Pathology

11.8.1. Accompany the Specific Characteristics in the Infant
11.8.2. Accompany the Specific Characteristics of the Preschool Child
11.8.3. Psychomotor and Affective Development during the Illness

11.8.3.1. Psychomotor Development (Physical Health)
11.8.3.2. Language and Emotional Comfort (Mental and Emotional Health)
11.8.3.3. Socialization (Social Health)
11.8.3.4. Meaning of Life

11.8.3.4.1. Love and Contact
11.8.3.4.2. Growing Up Playing

11.9. Emotion, Storytelling and Meaningful Play in School Age Children with Hematological Pathology

11.9.1. Accompany the Specific Characteristics of the School Age Child
11.9.2. Personality Development During Illness

11.9.2.1. Coping (Emotional Health)
11.9.2.2. The Importance of Storytelling (Mental Health)
11.9.2.3. Socialization (Social Health)

11.9.3. Meaning of Life

11.9.3.1. Self-Esteem, Self-Image and Self-Concept
11.9.3.2. Pedagogical Support
11.9.3.3. Meaningful Play

11.10. Emotion, Narrative and Socialization in Adolescents with Hematologic Pathology

11.10.1. To Follow the Specific Characteristics of the Adolescent
11.10.2. Personality Development During Illness

11.10.2.1. Coping (Emotional Health)
11.10.2.2. The Importance of Storytelling (Mental Health)
11.10.2.3. Socialization (Social Health)

11.10.3. Meaning of Life

11.10.3.1. Self-Esteem, Self-Image and Self-Concept
11.10.3.2. Pedagogical and Social Support
11.10.3.3. Affective Sexual Development

Recognize the primary needs of pediatric patients who require assistance, specializing in the most up-to-date program on the market"