Thanks to this 100% online Professional master’s degree, you will be able to interpret radiological images rigorously and discover findings of utmost importance for forensic investigations"

The advance of technology has had a great impact on Forensic Medicine, allowing practitioners to obtain significant data from sophisticated machinery such as Computed Tomography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound. In this way, specialists have applied these procedures to autopsies to obtain detailed images of the internal structures of the human body. As a result, experts have been able to quickly detect injuries or abnormalities that have allowed findings to be thoroughly documented for legal purposes. However, these instruments can present a number of challenges due to the variability of clinical and pathological presentations. 

Aware of this reality, TECH implements a revolutionary Professional master’s degree in Forensic Radiology that will allow professionals to overcome the challenges in this area and thus elevate their daily practice to a higher level. To achieve this, the academic itinerary will provide graduates with the keys to effectively handle the main diagnostic imaging tools (among which X-Ray systems, Ultrasound or MRI stand out). Additionally, the academic contents will delve into the skeleton of the human being at different stages of development. 

In this way, specialists will have at their disposal the most effective resources for the detection of common traumatic injuries, such as fractures or dislocations. In addition, the program will include several case studies that will bring them closer to the methodologies used in forensic radiographs. 

As for the methodology of this university program, it is taught in a convenient 100% online format, adapting to the needs of each student. It is also based on the innovative Relearningteaching system, of which TECH is a pioneer. This method consists of the reiteration of key concepts, ensuring that students consolidate their knowledge progressively. All this with the support of a teaching staff of international prestige, which will support you throughout your academic itinerary.

You will handle the most sophisticated radiological technology to identify human remains in cases of serious accidents, violent crimes and even natural disasters"

This  Professional master’s degree in Forensic Radiology contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include: 

• The development of practical cases presented by experts in Forensic Radiology
• The graphic, schematic and eminently practical contents with which it is conceived gather scientific and practical information on those disciplines that are indispensable for professional practice
• Practical exercises where self-assessment can be used to improve learning
• Its special emphasis on innovative methodologies 
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

Looking to specialize in Firearms and Explosives Trauma Radiology? Get it in as little as 12 months with this university program"

The program’s teaching staff includes professionals from the field who contribute their work experience to this educational program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities. 

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive education programmed to learn in real situations. 

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the course. For this purpose, students will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.  

You will delve into the use of Radiobiology Equipment to identify victims of radiation injuries" 

With the Relearning methodology, you will update your knowledge from the comfort of your home and without the need to travel to an on-site academic center"

Under an eminently practical approach, this university program will focus on the different results of observable lesions in both the human skeleton and dentition by means of diagnostic imaging techniques. Therefore, the study plan will delve into the use of the most advanced technological equipment in the forensic area (among which highlights the Computed Tomography).  Throughout the syllabus, specialists will obtain advanced skills to recognize injuries, fractures, dislocations and pathologies through visual resources. In this way, graduates will be able to carry out the most exhaustive investigations and therefore determine the real causes of death. 

A high level syllabus that covers the latest scientific postulates in Bone Physiopathology in the forensic field”  

Module 1. Diagnostic Imaging Techniques and Tools in the Forensic Context

1.1. Radiological Physics and its Application in the Forensic Context

1.1.1. Physics Applied to Forensic Radiology
1.1.2. Radiological Characterization in the Forensic Context
1.1.3. Structure of Matter

1.2. Operation of Equipment in the Forensic Context

1.2.1. X-ray Imaging System
1.2.2. X-ray Tube
1.2.3. Diagnostic Ultrasound

1.3. Forensic Use of Radiology

1.3.1. Computed Tomography (CT)
1.3.2. Conventional X-rays (RX)
1.3.3. Ultrasound (UI)
1.3.4. Magnetic Resonance

1.4. Forensic Radiobiology

1.4.1. Human Biology
1.4.2. Radiobiology
1.4.3. Molecular and Cellular Radiobiology

1.5. Dosimetric Quantities in Forensic Contexts

1.5.1. Radiation Protection
1.5.2. Ionization
1.5.3. Arousal
1.5.4. Fluorescence

1.6. Digital Imaging in Forensics

1.6.1. The Digital Image
1.6.2. Visualization and Understanding of Images in the Forensic Field
1.6.3. Artifacts

1.7. Forensic Computed Tomography

1.7.1. Operation
1.7.2. Scope
1.7.3. Terminology

1.8. Conventional Forensic Radiobiology Equipment

1.8.1. Operation
1.8.2. Scope
1.8.3. Terminology

1.9. Ultrasound in Forensic Medicine

1.9.1. Operation
1.9.2. Scope
1.9.3. Terminology

1.10. Magnetic Resonance in Expert Investigation

1.10.1. Operation
1.10.2. Scope
1.10.3. Terminology

Module 2. Forensic Radiology of the Non-Pathological and Non-Traumatic Human Skeleton

2.1. Forensic Radiology of the Locomotor System

2.1.1. Muscular System
2.1.2. Articular System
2.1.3. Skeletal System

2.2. Forensic Radiology of the Human Skeleton

2.2.1. Axial Skeleton
2.2.2. Appendicular Skeleton
2.2.3. Upper and Lower Extremities

2.3. Anatomical Plans and Axes of Movement in Forensic Investigation

2.3.1. Coronal Plan
2.3.2. Sagittal Plan
2.3.3. Transverse Plan
2.3.4. Bone Classification

2.4. Forensic Radiology of the Human Skull

2.4.1. Facial Bones
2.4.2. Neurocranium
2.4.3. Associated Pathologies

2.5. Forensic Radiology of the Spine

2.5.1. Cervical Vertebrae
2.5.2. Thoracic Vertebrae
2.5.3. Lumbar Vertebrae
2.5.4. Sacral Vertebrae
2.5.5. Associated Pathologies and Traumas

2.6. Forensic Radiology of the Coxal Bones

2.6.1. Ilium/Ischium/Sacral Complex
2.6.2. Public Symphysis
2.6.3. Associated Pathologies and Traumas

2.7. Forensic Upper Extremity Radiology

2.7.1. Long Bones
2.7.2. Bone Complexes of the Hands
2.7.3. Pathologies and Traumas

2.8. Forensic Radiology of the Lower Extremities

2.8.1. Long Bones
2.8.2. Bone Complexes of the Feet
2.8.3. Pathologies and Traumas

2.9. Forensic Pathologies and Traumas through Diagnostic Imaging

2.9.1. Congenital Diseases.
2.9.2. Acquired Pathologies
2.9.3. Trauma and its Variants

2.10. Interpretation of Radiographic Images in the Forensic Field

2.10.1. Radiolucent Bodies
2.10.2. Radiopaque Bodies
2.10.3. Gray Scales

Module 3. Forensic Radiology of the Human Skeleton in Phases of Biological Maturation

3.1. Bone Physiopathology in the Forensic Context

3.1.1. Functions
3.1.2. Composition - Bone Tissue
3.1.3. Cellular Component

 3.1.3.1. Bone-Forming Cells (Osteoblasts)
 3.1.3.2. Bone Destroyers (Osteoclasts)
 3.1.3.3. Mature Bone Cells (Osteocytes)

3.2. Osteogenesis in Individuals in the Forensic Context

3.2.1. Membranous Ossification Pathway
3.2.2. Chondral Ossification Pathway
3.2.3. Periosteum

3.3. Bone Vascularization in the Forensic Context

3.3.1. Main Pathway
3.3.2. Epiphyseal Pathway
3.3.3. Metaphyseal Pathway
3.3.4. Periosteal Arterial Pathway

3.4. Bone Growth in the Forensic Context

3.4.1. Width
3.4.2. Length
3.4.3. Associated Pathologies

3.5. Forensic Radiology of Pathologies in Developing Individuals

3.5.1. Congenital Diseases.
3.5.2. Acquired Pathologies
3.5.3. Trauma and its Variants

3.6. Bone Diseases Through Diagnostic Imaging in the Forensic Context

3.6.1. Osteoporosis
3.6.2. Bone Cancer
3.6.3. Osteomyelitis
3.6.4. Osteogenesis Imperfecta
3.6.5. Rickets

3.7. Forensic Radiology of the Child Skull

3.7.1. Embryonic, Fetal and Neonatal Formation.
3.7.2. Fontanelles and Fusion Phases
3.7.3. Facial and Dental Development

3.8. Forensic Radiobiological Osteology in the Adolescent

3.8.1. Sexual Dimorphism and Bone Growth
3.8.2. Bone Changes Resulting from Hormonal Action
3.8.3. Juvenile Growth Retardation and Metabolic Problems

3.9. Trauma and Categories of Childhood Fractures in Forensic Diagnostic Imaging

3.9.1. Frequent Traumas in Infantile Long Bones
3.9.2. Frequent Traumas in Infantile Flat Bones
3.9.3. Trauma Resulting from Aggression and Mistreatment

3.10. Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging Techniques in Forensic Pediatrics

3.10.1. Radiology for Neonates and Infants
3.10.2. Radiology for Children in Early Childhood
3.10.3. Radiology for Adolescents and Juveniles

Module 4. Forensic Maxillofacial Radiology

4.1. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of Head and Neck: Skull Bones

4.1.1. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of the External Paired Bones: Temporal and Parietal
4.1.2. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of the External Odd Bones: Frontal, Occipital
4.1.3. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of the Internal Odd Bones: Ethmoid and Sphenoid.

4.2. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of Head and Neck: Bones of the Face

4.2.1. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of the Vomer
4.2.2. Forensic Radiologic Interpretation of the Inferior Turbinate
4.2.3. Forensic radiological Interpretation of the Zygomatic or Malar Bone.
4.2.4. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of the Nasal Lachrymal Bone

4.3. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of Head and Neck: Oral Cavity Bones

4.3.1. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of the Upper Jaw.
4.3.2. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of the Lower Maxilla or Mandible
4.3.3. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of the Dental Parts

4.4. Radiological Interpretation of Head and Neck: Sutures

4.4.1. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of the Upper Jaw.
4.4.2. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of the Lower Maxilla or Mandible
4.4.3. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of the Dental Parts

4.5. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of Head and Neck: Facial Buttresses Sutures.

4.5.1. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of the Horizontal Buttresses
4.5.2. Forensic Radiological Interpretation of Vertical Buttresses
4.5.3. Abnormalities

4.6. Forensic Radiography of the Head and Neck: Extraoral Radiographs

4.6.1. Lateral Radiographs
4.6.2. Fronto-Occipital Radiographs
4.6.3. Occipito-Frontal Radiographs
4.6.4. Orthopantomography

4.7. Forensic Radiography of Head and Neck Anatomical Accidents: Intraoral Radiographs

4.7.1. Occlusal Radiographs
4.7.2. Periapical Radiographs
4.7.3. Bitewing Radiographs
4.7.4. Relevant Elements Observed in Intraoral Radiographs

4.8. Forensic Radiographic Interpretation of Head and Neck Anatomical Features: Extraoral Radiography

4.8.1. Lateral Radiography
4.8.2. Fronto-Occipital Radiography
4.8.3. Occipito-Frontal Radiography
4.8.4. Orthopantomography

4.9. Forensic Radiographic Interpretation of Head and Neck Anatomical Features: Intraoral Radiography

4.9.1. Occlusal Radiography
4.9.2. Periapical Radiography
4.9.3. Bitewing Radiograph

4.10. Forensic Radiographic Interpretation of Head and Neck Anatomical Features: Other Radiographic Techniques

4.10.1. Computerized Axial Tomography
4.10.2. CBCT
4.10.3. MRI

Module 5. Forensic Radiology in Human Identification

5.1. Human Identification in the Forensic Context

5.1.1. In Police Cases
5.1.2. In Judicial Cases
5.1.3. In Crimes Against Humanity and War Crimes
5.1.4. In Major Disasters

5.2. The Human Skeleton and Biological Identification (I): Osteological Sexual Characterization in Adults

5.2.1. Sexual Characterization Through the Skull
5.2.2. Sexual Characterization Through the Hip
5.2.3. Osteological Sex Characterization from Other Bones

5.3. The Human Skeleton and Biological Identification (II): Osteological Sexual Characterization in Individuals in Maturing Stages

5.3.1. Sexual Characterization Through the Skull
5.3.2. Sexual Characterization Through the Hip
5.3.3. Osteological Sex Characterization from Other Bones

5.4. The Human Skeleton and Biological Identification (III): Determination of Age at Death in Adult Individuals

5.4.1. Age Determination from the Closure of Bone Epiphyses and Cranial Sutures
5.4.2. Age Determination from Cartilage Ossification
5.4.3. Age Determination from the Modification of Bone Regions

5.5. The Human Skeleton and Biological Identification (IV): Age Determination at Death in Maturing Individuals

5.5.1. Determination of age from Morphometrics
5.5.2. Age Determination by Bone Birth
5.5.3. Age Determination by Epiphyseal and Fontanel Closure

5.6. The Human Skeleton and Biological Identification (V): Determination of Stature and Muscular Build

5.6.1. Estimation of Stature of Anatomical Nature
5.6.2. Estimation of Stature of Physiological Nature
5.6.3. Bone Biomechanics and Adaptation to Physical Activity
5.6.4. Development of Muscular Complexion

5.7. Human Dentition for the Calculation of Age at Death

5.7.1. The Dentition in Maturing Individuals
5.7.2. Dentition in Adult Individuals
5.7.3. Dental Alterations and Pathologies

5.8. Biomechanics and Mechanical Forces Applied to Bone Trauma

5.8.1. Osteological Growth and Development
5.8.2. Mechanical Forces Applied to the Human Skeleton
5.8.3. Bone Adaptation to Exercise

5.9. Bone Trauma due to Temporality

5.9.1. Characterization of AntemortemTraumas
5.9.2. Characterization of PerimortemTraumas
5.9.3. Characterization of PostmortemTrauma

5.10. Trauma by Type of Injury

5.10.1. Classification by Type of Injury
5.10.2. Classification by Type of Weapon
5.10.3. Classification by Type of Object and Structure

Module 6. Radiodiagnosis of Pathologies Related to Forensic Investigation

6.1. Classification of Traumatic Fractures in the Forensic Context

6.1.1. Classification According to Skin Condition
6.1.2. Classification According to Location
6.1.3. Classification According to Fracture Trace

6.2. Stages of Bone Repair in the Forensic Context

6.2.1. Inflammatory Phase
6.2.2. Repair Phase
6.2.3. Remodelling Phase

6.3. Child Maltreatment and its Radiodiagnosis in a Forensic Context

6.3.1. Simple Radiography
6.3.2. Axial Tomography
6.3.3. Magnetic Resonance

6.4. Illegal Transport of Narcotics and Radiodiagnostics in a Forensic Context

6.4.1. Simple Radiography
6.4.2. Axial Tomography
6.4.3. Magnetic Resonance

6.5. Simple Radiographic Technique for Identification of Alterations within a Forensic Context

6.5.1. Cranial Pathologies
6.5.2. Thoracic Pathologies
6.5.3. Extremity Pathologies

6.6. Ultrasound Technique for Identification of Pathologies within a Forensic Context

6.6.1. Ultrasound
6.6.2. Obstetric
6.6.3. Wall

6.7. Computed Tomography and Identification of Pathologies in a Forensic Context

6.7.1. Cranial
6.7.2. Wall
6.7.3. Ultrasound

6.8. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pathology Identification in a Forensic Context

6.8.1. Cranial
6.8.2. Wall
6.8.3. Ultrasound

6.9. Diagnostic Angiography in a Forensic Context

6.9.1. Cranial
6.9.2. Ultrasound
6.9.3. Extremities

6.10. Virtopsia, Radiology in Forensic Medicine

6.10.1. Resonance
6.10.2. Tomography
6.10.3. Radiography

Module 7. Forensic Radiological Techniques of Bone and Dental Trauma with Blunt Objects

7.1. Classification of Blunt Profile Injury Elements

7.1.1. Blunt Weapons
7.1.2. Blunt Objects
7.1.3. Blunt Mechanical Force Injuries
7.1.4. Structural Injuries
7.1.5. Short Blunt Injuries

7.2. Injury Mechanics of Blunt Elements

7.2.1. Blunt Weapons
7.2.2. Blunt Objects
7.2.3. Blunt Mechanical Force Injuries
7.2.4. Injuries Through Structures
7.2.5. Short Blunt Injuries

7.3. Injury Typologies of Blunt weapons

7.3.1. Superficial Injuries
7.3.2. Deep Injuries
7.3.3. Total or Partial Amputation Injuries

7.4. Types of Injuries Caused by Blunt Objects

7.4.1. Superficial Injuries
7.4.2. Deep Injuries
7.4.3. Total or Partial Amputation Injuries

7.5. Injury Typologies Due to Blunt Injury Mechanics

7.5.1. Superficial Injuries
7.5.2. Deep Injuries
7.5.3. Total or Partial Amputation Injuries

7.6. Injury Typologies of Blunt Structures and Short-Contusive Elements

7.6.1. Superficial Injuries
7.6.2. Deep Injuries
7.6.3. Total or Partial Amputation Injuries

7.7. Marks on the Skeleton of Injuries Due to Blunt Mechanics

7.7.1. Blunt Weapons
7.7.2. Blunt Objects
7.7.3. Blunt Mechanical Force Injuries
7.7.4. Injuries Through Structures
7.7.5. Short Blunt Injuries

7.8. Radiological Techniques for the Study of Blunt Force Injuries

7.8.1. X-Ray
7.8.2. Computerized Axial Tomography
7.8.3. Other Radiographic Techniques

7.9. Radiobiological Techniques for the Study of Injuries of Blunt Objects and Structures

7.9.1. X-Ray
7.9.2. Computerized Axial Tomography
7.9.3. Other Radiographic Techniques

7.10. Radiobiological Techniques for the Study of Blunt Mechanical Injuries and Short Blunt Elements

7.10.1. X-Ray
7.10.2. Computerized Axial Tomography
7.10.3. Other Radiographic Techniques

Module 8. Forensic Radiology of Trauma with Sharp and Cutting Elements

8.1. Classification of Sharp Weapons

8.1.1. Cutting Weapons
8.1.2. Sharp Weapons
8.1.3. Sharps

8.2. Injurious Mechanics of Edged Weapons

8.2.1. Cutting Weapons
8.2.3. Sharp Weapons
8.2.4. Sharps

8.3. Types of Injuries Caused by Cutting Weapons

8.3.1. Superficial Injuries
8.3.2. Deep Injuries
8.3.3. Total or Partial Amputation Injuries

8.4. Injury Typologies of Sharp-Edged Weapons by Sharp Weapons

8.4.1. Superficial Injuries
8.4.2. Deep Injuries
8.4.3. Total or Partial Amputation Injuries

8.5. Injury Typologies of Sharp-Edged Weapons by Sharps

8.5.1. Superficial Injuries
8.5.2. Deep Injuries
8.5.3. Total or Partial Amputation Injuries

8.6. Skeletal Marks from Sharp-Edged Weapon Injuries

8.6.1. Cutting Weapons
8.6.2. Sharp Weapons
8.6.3. Sharps

8.7. Radiological Techniques for the Study of Cutting Weapon Injuries

8.7.1. X-Ray
8.7.2. Computerized Axial Tomography
8.7.3. Other Radiographic Techniques

8.8. Radiological Techniques for the Study of Sharps Injuries

8.8.1. X-Ray
8.8.2. Computerized Axial Tomography
8.8.3. Other Radiographic Techniques

8.9. Radiological Techniques for the Study of Sharps Injuries

8.9.1. X-Ray
8.9.2. Computerized Axial Tomography
8.9.3. Other Radiographic Techniques

8.10. Analysis of Lesions at the Maturation Stage and in Animals

8.10.1. Cutting Lesions in Individuals in Early Stages of Maturation
8.10.2. Cut Marks on Individuals in Late Stages of Biological Maturation
8.10.3. Cutting Injuries in Animals

Module 9. Radiology of Firearms and Explosives Trauma in Forensic Investigation

9.1. Firearms and Projectiles

9.1.1. Classification of Firearms
9.1.2. Elements that Compose a Firearm
9.1.3. Structure of the Firearm
9.1.4. Firearm Projectiles

9.2. Characterization of Wounds and Firearm Projectile Trajectory

9.2.1. Entrance Orifice
9.2.2. Trajectory
9.2.3. Outlet Orifice

9.3. X-ray Technique and Firearm Projectiles

9.3.1. Number of Projectiles
9.3.2. Probable Trajectory
9.3.3. Probable Caliber
9.3.4. Type of Firearm

9.4. Axial Tomography and Firearm Projectiles

9.4.1. Number of Projectiles
9.4.2. Trajectory
9.4.3. Type of Weapons Used

9.5. Ultrasound and Firearm Projectile

9.5.1. Number of Projectiles
9.5.2. Trajectory
9.5.3. Type of Weapons Used

9.6. Virtual Autopsy in Deaths Caused by Firearm Projectile Wounds

9.6.1. Simple Radiography
9.6.2. Computerized Axial Tomography
9.6.3. Magnetic Resonance

9.7. Explosives

9.7.1. Typologies of Explosive Elements
9.7.2. Categorization
9.7.3. Mechanics of Explosions

9.8. Classification of Blast Injuries

9.8.1. Primary
9.8.2. Secondary
9.8.3. Tertiary
9.8.4. Quaternary

9.9. Radiodiagnostic Imaging in the Search for and Retrieval of Evidence

9.9.1. Simple Radiography
9.9.2. Computerized Axial Tomography
9.9.3. Magnetic Resonance

9.10. Radiological Assessment of Blast Injuries

9.10.1. Cranial
9.10.2. Cervical
9.10.3. Chest
9.10.4. Abdomen
9.10.5. Extremities

Module 10. Forensic Radiodiagnosis of Maxillofacial Trauma

10.1. Forensic Maxillofacial Trauma: Fractures of the Upper Third of the Face

10.1.1. Fractures of the Frontal Bone
10.1.2. Fractures of the Walls of the Frontal Sinuses
10.1.3. Fractures of the Temporal/Parietal Bone

10.2. Forensic Maxillofacial Trauma: Fractures of the Middle Third of the Face

10.2.1. Nasal Fractures
10.2.2. Orbital Fractures
10.2.3. Fractures of the Naso-Orbito-Ethmoidal Complex
10.2.4. Fractures of the Zygomatic Bone

10.3. Forensic Maxillofacial Trauma: Fractures of the Lower Third of the Face

10.3.1. Fracture of the Mandibular Symphysis / Parasymphysis
10.3.2. Fracture of the Mandibular Body
10.3.3. Mandibular Angle Fracture
10.3.4. Mandibular Ramus Fracture
10.3.5. Fracture of the Mandibular Condyle

10.4. Forensic Maxillofacial Trauma: Le Fort Fractures

10.4.1. Le Fort I Fractures
10.4.2. Le Fort II Fractures
10.4.3. Le Fort III Fractures
10.4.4. Le Fort IV Fractures

10.5. Forensic Maxillofacial Trauma: Alveolodental Fractures

10.5.1. Coronary Fracture
10.5.2. Corono-Radicular Fracture
10.5.3. Root Fracture
10.5.4. Alveolar Fracture
10.5.5. Avulsion

10.6. Radiographic Techniques for the Study of Maxillofacial Trauma in the Forensic Context.

10.6.1. X-Ray
10.6.2. Computerized Axial Tomography
10.6.3. Other Radiographic Techniques

10.7. Radiographic Techniques for the Study of Alveolar Tooth Trauma in the Forensic Context

10.7.1. X-Ray
10.7.2. Computerized Axial Tomography
10.7.3. Other Radiological Techniques

10.8. Radiographic Interpretation of Maxillofacial Trauma in the Forensic Context: Isolated Fractures.

10.8.1. Radiographic Interpretation of Trauma to the Upper Third of the Face.
10.8.2. Radiographic Interpretation of Trauma of the Middle Third of the Face
10.8.3. Radiographic Interpretation of Trauma of the Lower Third of the Face

10.9. Radiographic Interpretation of Maxillofacial Trauma Within the Forensic Context Le Fort Fractures

10.9.1. Radiographic Interpretation in Le Fort I Fractures
10.9.2. Radiographic Interpretation in Le Fort II Fractures
10.9.3. Radiographic Interpretation in Le Fort III Fractures
10.9.4. Radiographic Interpretation in Le Fort IV Fractures

10.10. Radiographic Techniques for the Study of Alveolar Tooth Trauma in the Forensic Context

10.10.1. Coronary Fracture
10.10.2. Corono-Radicular Fracture
10.10.3. Alveolar Fracture
10.10.4. Root Fracture 
10.10.5. Avulsion  

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