Get up to date on the most relevant fields of Obstetric and Gynecological Ultrasound, including extensive writings on multiple gestation, fetal echocardiography and ovarian pathology”

The advance in the field of Obstetric and Gynecological Ultrasound is unstoppable. The software of the ultrasound equipment is increasingly advanced, allowing communication both between doctors and with the patient himself much more fluid. In addition, the reports provided are more detailed and draw on data collected from around the world, digitizing the workflow and boosting both the specialists' own efficiency and their ability to anticipate pathologies and adverse situations. 

Therefore, in order to take advantage of these developments and stay up-to-date in the Obstetric and Gynecological area, it is essential to keep up to date with the most urgent ultrasound news. In this context, this program is created, with which specialists will be able to delve into the wide variety of existing gynecological pathologies, as well as obstetric problems and malformations that may appear during pregnancy.

In this way, an exhaustive tour is offered that covers the ultrasound scans of the first, second and third trimester, as well as the pathology of the endometrium, myometrium, cervix, endometriosis, pain and more areas of great scientific interest. All this sponsored by an exceptional faculty, made up of experts with extensive clinical experience who provide a necessary practical vision to all the content developed.

In the Virtual Campus, the specialist will find a detailed multimedia library, full of detailed videos, interactive summaries, complementary readings and more resources that will make the academic experience much more complete. Without fixed schedules or face-to-face classes, there is total freedom to adapt the study load as appropriate, since all the content can be downloaded from any device with an Internet connection.

It delves into the use of Ultrasound in gynecological emergencies, ultrasound studies of greater rigor in pediatrics and the main ultrasound markers of the first, second and third trimester”

This Professional master’s degree in Obstetric and Gynecological Ultrasound contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include:

• The examination of case studies presented by experts in Obstetrics and Gynecology
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Practical exercises where self-assessment can be used to improve learning
• Its special emphasis on innovative methodologies
• Theoretical lessons, questions for the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

Get updated in fetal neurosonography and echocardiography, examining septal defects, sulcation anomalies and cystic pathology and ischemic”

The program’s teaching staff includes professionals from sector who contribute their work experience to this educational program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities.

Its multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide an immersive education designed to learn in real situations.

The design of this program focuses on Problem-Based Learning, by means of which the professional must try to solve different professional practice situations that are presented throughout the academic course. For this purpose, the student will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned experts.

Lean on current clinical and ultrasound analysis, based on scientific postulates and the most recent advances in Obstetrics and Gynecology"

You will be able to access the Virtual Campus 24 hours a day, having the freedom to adapt the class load to your own schedules and needs"

Making use of the Relearning pedagogical methodology, the Professional master’s degree in Obstetric and Gynecological Ultrasound provides a progressive, natural and effective academic experience for the specialist. This is achieved by reiterating the key concepts in the area throughout the degree, saving, in turn, a considerable investment in study hours that can be invested in the numerous complementary readings that delve into each topic covered. 

Download all the contents of the Virtual Campus and gain access to a vital reference guide in Obstetric and Gynecological Ultrasound, which is useful even after finishing the program”

Module 1. Ultrasound. Normal study in Gynecology

1.1. Normal Anatomy in Gynecology

1.1.1. Normal Anatomy in Gynecology
1.1.2. Normal Gynecological Ultrasound Anatomy: Structures and Anatomical References to take into Account
1.1.3. Ultrasound Technique: Systematic Examination
1.1.4. Language and Description of Normality and Pathology in the Ultrasound Technique

1.2. Physical Principles of Ultrasound. Technical Aspects

1.2.1. Basic Principles on the Physics of Ultrasound
1.2.2. Creation of the Image from Ultrasound
1.2.3. Ultrasound Image Features
1.2.4. Optimization of Gynecological Ultrasound
1.2.5. Recognition and Correction of Artifacts

1.3. Types of Ultrasound Probes in Gynecological Ultrasound

1.3.1. Transducer Types
1.3.2. Advantages and Disadvantages of Different probe and Approaches

1.4. Technical Principles on the Doppler. Technical Aspects

1.4.1. Physical Principles of Doppler
1.4.2. Main Indications of the Doppler in the Gynecological Ultrasound Examination
1.4.3. Doppler Technique Optimization

1.5. Technical Principles on 3D/4D Ultrasound. Technical and Uses Aspects

1.5.1. Basic Principles on 3-4D Ultrasound
1.5.2. Application of the 3-4D Technique in Gynecology
1.5.3. Systematics of the Technique by Structures: Volume Acquisition
1.5.4. Navigation, Reconstruction and Rendering of the Ultrasound Volume
1.5.5. Reconstruction Optimization: Default Modes
1.5.6. Principles of Multiplanar Reconstruction or TUI

1.6. Use of Ultrasound in Gynecological and Obstetric Emergencies

1.6.1. Application of Ultrasound in Gynecological Obstetric Emergencies
1.6.2. Systematic of the Ultrasound Technique in Gynecological Emergency
1.6.3. Ultrasound into the Differential Diagnosis Acute Abdomen
1.6.4. Ultrasound in the Differential Diagnosis of Metrorrhagia
1.6.5. Ultrasound Report in Urgent Gynecological Pathology
1.6.6. Limitations of Ultrasound: Complementary Techniques to Request

1.7. Offline Volume Management

1.7.1. Presentation of Different Software
1.7.2. Volume Storage
1.7.3. Volume Recovery in Offline Software
1.7.4. Navigation and Optimization of the Two-dimensional Plane
1.7.5. Navigation in the 2D plane: In time and Space
1.7.6. Three dimensional Reconstruction
1.7.7. Three-dimensional Image Optimization

1.8. Complementary Techniques: Sonohysterography/Hysterosonosalpingography

1.8.1. Basic Examinations Principles
1.8.2. Systematics of the Technique
1.8.3. Hysterosonography: Technique, Image Interpretation and Report Preparation
1.8.4. Hysterosonosalpingography: Technique, Image Interpretation and Report Preparation

1.9. Current Lines of Research of Gynecological ultrasound

1.9.1. State of Artificial Intelligence Applied to Gynecological Ultrasound
1.9.2. The Current and Future Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment of the Gynecological Oncological Patient
1.9.3. Elastography in Gynecology
1.9.4. Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Management of Severe Genital Atrophyand Genitourinary Syndrome

Module 2. Pathology of the endometrium, myometrium and cervix

2.1. Ultrasound in Benign Endometrial Pathology

2.1.1. Endometrial Ultrasound Normality: Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment
2.1.2. Ultrasound, Endometrium and Variation with the Menstrual Cycle
2.1.3. Three-dimensional Technique in Endometrial Assessment
2.1.4. Description and Terminology According to IETA Group
2.1.5. Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Endometrial Hyperplasia
2.1.6. Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Endometrial Hyperplasia

2.2. Ultrasound from Malign Endometrial Pathology

2.2.1. Introduction: Endometrial Cancer
2.2.2. Ultrasound Features of Endometrial Cancer
2.2.3. Systematic Local Evaluation of Endometrial Cancer
2.2.4. Systematic Assessment of Extraendometrial Disease
2.2.5. Systematic to Recurrence Evaluation of Endometrial Cancer

2.3. Gynecological ultrasound after abortion: Retention of conception remains / Sd. Asherman

2.3.1. Endometrial Ultrasound Normality after Complete Abortion
2.3.2. Endometrial Ultrasound Normality After Complete Abortion.2
2.3.3. Ultrasound in the Assessment and Monitoring of Uterine Synechiae

2.4. Ultrasound in the Diagnostic Study of Fibroids

2.4.1. Definition and General Aspects of Miomas
2.4.2. Types of Fibroids: Classifications and Implications
2.4.3. Description and Ultrasound Classification
2.4.4. Myomas Degeneracy Types
2.4.5. Ultrasound Features: Doppler Technique and Three-dimensional Reconstruction
2.4.6. Ultrasound Monitoring of the Patient with Uterine Myomatosis
2.4.7. Differential Diagnosis, Limitations of the Technique and Complementary Examinations

2.5. Ultrasound in the Therapeutic Approach of Fibroids

2.5.1. Ultrasound in the Treatment of Fibroids with Radiofrequency
2.5.2. Ultrasound in the Treatment of Fibroids with High Frequency Ultrasound(HIFU)

2.6. Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Endometrial Hyperplasia

2.6.1. Overview of Malignant Tumors of the Myometrium
2.6.2. Ultrasound Differential Diagnosis of Uterine Sarcomas
2.6.3. Limitation of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Uterine Sarcomas: Complementary Tests

2.7. Adenomyosis

2.7.1. Basics of Adenomyosis
2.7.2. Sonographic Features of Normal Myometrium
2.7.3. Ultrasound Characteristics of Adenomyosis through the MUSA System
2.7.4. Report of the Ultrasound Description of the Findings in the Clinical Report
2.7.5. Correlation of Pathological Anatomy with Ultrasound Assessment of the Myometrial-endometrial Junction
2.7.6. Limitations of Ultrasound and Complementary Tests in the Diagnosis and Follow-up of Adenomyosis

2.8. Ultrasound Study in the Assessment of the Cervix

2.8.1. Ultrasound Anatomy of the Normal Cervix
2.8.2. Ultrasound Characteristics and Description of Cervical Tumors
2.8.3. Role of Ultrasound in the Initial Staging of Cervical Cancer
2.8.4. Role of Ultrasound in the Disease of Cervical Cancer
2.8.5. Ultrasound in the Follow-up of the Patient with Cervical Cancer: Assessment of Treatment and Assessment of Recurrences

2.9. Ultrasound Study in the Assessment of the Vagina and Vulva

2.9.1. Current Evidence for Ultrasound Assessment of the Vagina and Vulva
2.9.2. Ultrasound Applications
2.9.3. Findings and Technique Systematics

2.10. Ultrasound Study in Pediatric Age

2.10.1. Introduction to the Most Frequent Pediatric Pathology
2.10.2. Normal Ultrasound in the Pediatric and Adolescent Patient
2.10.3. Recommended Approaches: Advantages and Disadvantages
2.10.4. Ultrasound of Precocious Puberty
2.10.5. Ultrasound Findings in Intersex
2.10.6. Hematocolpos Secondary to Imperforate Hymen

Module 3. Ovarian pathology, endometriosis and pain

3.1. Ultrasound in the Assessment of Benign Ovarian Pathology

3.1.1. Normal Sonographic Anatomy of the Ovary
3.1.2. Generalities and Classifications of Benign Ovarian Pathologies
3.1.3. Systematic Assessment and Ultrasound Description of Adnexal Pathology: Benign Ultrasound Criteria
3.1.4. Types of Tumors and Sonographic Characteristics
3.1.5. Ovarian Torsion: Ultrasonographic Findings

3.2. Ultrasound in the Assessment of Malign Ovarian Pathology

3.2.1. Introduction and Overview of Malignant Ovarian Lesions
3.2.2. Classification and Ultrasound System According to IOTA
3.2.3. Types of Tumors and Sonographic Characteristics
3.2.4. Ultrasound in Regional and Distant Staging of Ovarian Neoplasms
3.2.5. Limitations of Ultrasound and Complementary Tests
3.2.6. Ultrasound during Follow-up and Recurrence of Patients with a History of Ovarian Neoplasia
3.2.7. Borderline Tumors and Ecography

3.3. Ultrasound Study to the Tubal Pathology

3.3.1. Ultrasound of Normal Tubes
3.3.2. Ultrasound Findings in Patients with Hydrosalpinx
3.3.3. Ultrasound Findings in Patients with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
3.3.4. Malignant Tubular Diseases

3.4. Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome

3.4.1. Definition, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approach
3.4.2. Findings Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Pelvic Congestion Syndrome
3.4.3. Complementary Imaging Tests

3.5. Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Ovarian Endometriosis

3.5.1. Definition, Impact and Diagnosis
3.5.2. Systematic of the Ultrasound Technique
3.5.3. Ultrasound Findings in Patients with Ovarian Endometriosis
3.5.4. Differential Diagnosis and Complementary Tests

3.6. Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Ovarian Endometriosis

3.6.1. Definition, Impact and Diagnosis
3.6.2. Systematic of the Ultrasound Technique
3.6.3. Ultrasound Assessment of the Pelvis by Structures and Compartments
3.6.4. Assessment of Extrapelvic Implants: Umbilical, Trocar or Cesarean Scar Implants
3.6.5. Complementary Imaging Tests

3.7. Ultrasound in the Patient with Chronic Pain in Gynecology

3.7.1. General Introduction
3.7.2. Ultrasound Findings in Gynecological Patients with Chronic Pain
3.7.3. Ultrasound in the Local Treatment of Gynecological Patients with Chronic Pain

3.8. Ultrasound in Breast Pathology

3.8.1. Ultrasound Breast Anatomy
3.8.2. Probes and Technique Systematics
3.8.3. Ultrasound in the Assessment of Benign Breast Disease
3.8.4. Ultrasound in the Assessment of Malignant Breast Disease

3.9. Interventional Ultrasonography

3.9.1. Definition
3.9.2. Application of the Interventional Ultrasonography in Gynecology
3.9.3. Paracentesis Technique
3.9.4. Breast The Abscess Drainage Technique
3.9.5. Endometrioma Alcoholization Technique
3.9.6. Breast Abscess Drainage Technique

Module 4. Reproduction and pelvic floor

4.1. Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Infertility

4.1.1. Follicle Count
4.1.2. Screening for Tubal Pathology
4.1.3. Screening for Endometrial Pathology

4.2. Uterine Malformations

4.2.1. Classification of Uterine Malformations
4.2.2. Differential Diagnosis
4.2.3. T-shaped Uterus

4.3. 3D Ultrasound in Playback

4.3.1. Introduction
4.3.2. 3D Ultrasound of the Ovary
4.3.3. 3D Ultrasound of the Uterus

4.4. Ultrasound in the Treatment of Reproduction

4.4.1. Ultrasound in Controlled Ovarian Stimulation for IVF
4.4.2. Ultrasound for Embryo Transfer
4.4.3. Ultrasound in Scheduled Intercourse
4.4.4. Ultrasound in Artificial Insemination

4.5. Ultrasound Anatomy of the Pelvic Floor

4.5.1. Normal Sonographic Anatomy of the Pelvic floor
4.5.2. Probes and Approach Routes: Pros and Cons of Each of Them
4.5.3. Ultrasound Techniques How to Get the Two-dimensional Reference Plane?
4.5.4. Dynamic Ultrasound: Rest, Retention and Valsalva in the Different Structures of the Pelvic Floor
4.5.5. Improvement of the Technique: to the Conquest of an Excellent Image Avoiding Artifacts
4.5.6. Three-Dimensional Acquisition Technique of the Urogenital Hiatus for the Assessment of the Levator Muscle
4.5.7. Volume Storage and Offline Management

4.6. The Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment of Genital Prolapse

4.6.1. Normal Position of the Pelvic Organs: Normal Two-dimensional Ultrasound Plane
4.6.2. Valuation of the Previous Compartment: Technique and Considerations
4.6.3. Valuation of the Medium Compartment: Technique and Considerations
4.6.4. Valuation of the Posterior Compartment: Technique and Considerations
4.6.5. Ultrasound Findings and Therapeutic Repercussion

4.7. The Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment Urinary Incontinence

4.7.1. Ultrasound Recognition of the Anatomical Structures Involved in Continence
4.7.2. Postvoid Residue Assessment and Implications
4.7.3. Postvoid Residue Assessment and Implications
4.7.4. Stress Urinary Incontinence Ultrasound in the Diagnosis
4.7.5. Emergencies Urinary Incontinence Ultrasound in the Diagnosis

4.8. The Role of Ultrasound in the Assessment of Obstetric Trauma

4.8.1. Transperineal Ultrasound Technique in Anal Sphincter Assessment
4.8.2. Intravaginal Ultrasound Technique in Anal Sphincter Assessment

4.9. Usefulness of Ultrasound in the Post-surgical Control of Pelvic Floor Surgery

4.9.1. Ultrasound Characteristics of Mesh in Pelvic Floor Surgeries
4.9.2. Ultrasound in Post-surgical Follow-up of Incontinence Mesh
4.9.3. Ultrasound in Post-surgical Follow-up of Prolapses Mesh

Module 5. First Trimester Ultrasound

5.1. First Trimester Ultrasound Study Protocol. Normality

5.1.1. Gestational Age and Dating
5.1.2. Anatomic Exploration
5.1.3. Measurement of Aneuploidy Markers
5.1.4. Placenta, Uterus and Adnexa

5.2. Uncertain Location Pregnancy

5.2.1. Differential Diagnosis
5.2.2. Blood Biochemistry
5.2.3. Action Protocol

5.3. Early Pregnancy (Trophoblastic Disease, Amnion, Vesicles, etc.)

5.3.1. Gestational Sac
5.3.2. Yolk Sac
5.3.3. Amniotic and Chorionic Cavity
5.3.4. Embrio
5.3.5. Embryonic Development
5.3.6. Early Pathology
5.3.7. Findings of Poor Pregnancy Prognosis

5.4. Ultrasound Markers of First Trimester Chromosomopathy

5.4.1. Introduction
5.4.2. Nuchal Translucency
5.4.3. Nuchal Translucency
5.4.4. Venous Lead
5.4.5. Tricuspid Regurgitation

5.5. Other First Trimester Ultrasound Markers (Angles, Intracranial Translucency, Uterine, etc.)

5.5.1. Intracranial Translucency
5.5.2. Frontomaxillary Angle
5.5.3. Retronasal Triangle
5.5.4. Uterine Arteries

5.6. Diagnosable Morphological Pathology in the First Trimester

5.6.1. Cranial and Central Nervous System Pathology
5.6.2. Face
5.6.3. Skeletal System
5.6.4. Thorax and Neck
5.6.5. Heart
5.6.6. Abdomen
5.6.7. Urinary System

5.7. First Trimester Aneuploidy Screening

5.7.1. History of Aneuploidy Screening
5.7.2. Blood Biochemistry
5.7.3. Sonographic Markers
5.7.4. Study Protocol

5.8. Fetal DNA in Maternal Blood (Also in Twins)

5.8.1. Fetal DNA History
5.8.2. Methods of Analysis
5.8.3. Practical Aspects
5.8.4. Fetal Fraction and No Result
5.8.5. Fetal DNA in Twins
5.8.6. Chromosome Microdeletions
5.8.7. Interpretation of Results and Protocols

5.9. First Trimester Preeclampsia. Screening

5.9.1. History of Preeclampsia. Screening
5.9.2. Screening Types
5.9.3. Screening Components
5.9.4. Available Calculators
5.9.5. Prevention Cut-off Points
5.9.6. Follow-up at High Risk of Preeclampsia

5.10. Invasive Techniques

5.10.1. Amniocentesis
5.10.2. Chorion Biopsy
5.10.3. Multiple Gestation

5.11. Basic Genetics in Obstetrics

5.11.1. Genetic Concepts
5.11.2. Mendelian Genetics
5.11.3. Non Mendelian Genetics
5.11.4. Prenatal Genetic Tests

Module 6. Second Trimester Ultrasound

6.1. Second Trimester Ultrasound Study Protocol. Normality

6.1.1. Gestational Age and Dating in the Second Trimester
6.1.2. Cranium Central Nervous System
6.1.3. Limbs and Spine
6.1.4. Thorax and Heart
6.1.5. Abdomen
6.1.6. Genitourinary System

6.2. Evaluation of the Placenta and Umbilical Cord

6.2.1. Abnormalities of Placental Shape, Location and Insertion
6.2.2. Placental Tumors
6.2.3. Vascular Abnormalities and Bruising
6.2.4. Cord Anomalies

6.3. Placenta Accreta Spectrum

6.3.1. Classification
6.3.2. Ultrasound Diagnosis
6.3.3. Magnetic Resonance
6.3.4. Management

6.4. Cervical Assessment. Risk of Premature Delivery

6.4.1. Measurement Techniques
6.4.2. Risk of Premature Delivery
6.4.3. Recommendations Offered by Different Scientific Societies

6.5. Ultrasound Markers of Second Trimester Chromosomopathy

6.5.1. History of Second Quarter Scores
6.5.2. Likelihood Ratio
6.5.3. Sonographic Markers
6.5.4. Management

6.6. Malformations of the Abdomen and Abdominal Wall

6.6.1. Umbilical Hernia
6.6.2. Omphalocele
6.6.3. Gastrosquisis
6.6.4. Extrofia Vesical
6.6.5. Other Anomalies of the Abdominal Wall
6.6.6. Abdominal Cysts
6.6.7. Gastrointestinal Pathologies

6.7. Malformations of the Face, Neck and Thorax

6.7.1. Face Anomalies
6.7.2. Malformations of the Neck
6.7.3. Thoracic Malformations

6.8. Column Anomalies

6.8.1. Hemivertebra
6.8.2. Neural Tube Defects
6.8.3. Sacrococcygeal Teratomas
6.8.4. Caudal Regression Sequence

6.9. Limb Malformation

6.9.1. Skeletal Dysplasias
6.9.2. Congenital Clubfoot
6.9.3. Reductional Alterations
6.9.4. Arthrogryposis

6.10. Genitourinary Malformations

6.10.1. Renal Anesia
6.10.2. Obstructive Pathology
6.10.3. Renal Ectopias
6.10.4. Multicystic and Polycystic Kidney
6.10.5. Other Kidney Abnormalities
6.10.6. Adrenal Abnormalities
6.10.7. Bladder Abnormalities
6.10.8. Genital Abnormalities

6.11. Fetal Hydrops

6.11.1. Definition
6.11.2. Sonographic Abnormalities
6.11.3. Etiology
6.11.4. Management
6.11.5. Prognosis
6.11.6. Associated Complications
6.11.7. Recurrence

Module 7. Third Trimester Ultrasound

7.1. Third Trimester Ultrasound Study Protocol. Normality

7.1.1. Gestational Age and Dating in the Third Trimester
7.1.2. Third Trimester Ultrasound Goals
7.1.3. Systematic of the Ultrasound

7.2. Malformative Pathology Diagnosis in the Third Trimester

7.2.1. Introduction
7.2.2. Most Frequent Malformations

7.3. Fetal Growth Estimation

7.3.1. Definitions
7.3.2. Fetal Weight Estimation. Bio-Meters
7.3.3. Normality Curves and Percentiles

7.4. Doppler Study in the Third Trimester Ultrasound

7.4.1. Umbilical Artery
7.4.2. Middle Brain Artery
7.4.3. Venous Lead
7.4.4. Uterine Arteries
7.4.5. Others

7.5. Growth Disorders (PEG and CIR)

7.5.1. Introduction
7.5.2. Fetus Small for Gestational Age
7.5.3. Intrauterine Growth Retardation

7.6. Hemodynamics and Fetal Impairment in Intrauterine Growth Retardation

7.6.1. Fetal Hemodynamics
7.6.2. Biophysical Profile
7.6.3. Internal Fetal Monitoring

7.7. Fetal Macrosomia

7.7.1. Introduction
7.7.2. Risk Factors
7.7.3. Diagnosis
7.7.4. Complications
7.7.5. Management

7.8. Intrapartum Ultrasound

7.8.1. Technique
7.8.2. Creativity Evaluation
7.8.3. Attitude Assessment of the Head
7.8.4. Indications

7.9. Abnormalities of amniotic fluid

7.9.1. Introduction
7.9.2. Oligoamnios
7.9.3. Polyhydramnios
7.9.4. Management

Module 8. Multiple Gestation

8.1. Introduction and Embryology

8.1.1. Introduction
8.1.2. Embryology
8.1.3. Classification

8.2. Ultrasound Diagnosis Aneuploidy Screening in Multiple Gestations

8.2.1. Introduction
8.2.2. Ultrasound Diagnosis
8.2.3. Date
8.2.4. First Trimester Aneuploidy Screening

8.3. Dichorionic Twin Gestation

8.3.1. Introduction
8.3.2. Follow-up of Normal Evolutionary Dichorionic Pregnancy
8.3.3. Finalization-up of Normal Evolutionary Dichorionic Pregnancy

8.4. Normal Monochorionic Twin Gestation

8.4.1. Introduction
8.4.2. Follow-up of Normal Evolutionary Dichorionic Pregnancy
8.4.3. Finalization-up of Normal Evolutionary Dichorionic Pregnancy

8.5. Complicated monochorionic pregnancy (TAPS, TRAP, TFF)

8.5.1. TAOS
8.5.2. TRAP
8.5.3. TFF
8.5.4. Discordant Structural Malformation

8.6. Growth Retardation in Twin Gestation (Monochorial and Dichorionic)

8.6.1. Introduction
8.6.2. Growth Retardation in Twin Gestation (Monochorial and Dichorionic
8.6.3. Growth Retardation in Twin Gestation (Monochorial)

8.7. Prevention and Screening of Preeclampsia

8.7.1. Introduction
8.7.2. First Trimester Preeclampsia. Screening
8.7.3. Prevention of Preeclampsia in Twin Pregnancy

8.8. Screening for Preterm Birth in Twin Gestation

8.8.1. Introduction
8.8.2. Cervical Assessment and Evidence
8.8.3. Prevention of Prematurity

8.9. Fetal Reduction in Twin Gestation

8.9.1. Fetal Reduction in Monochorionic Gestation
8.9.2. Risks of Fetal Reduction

8.10. Fetal Death in Twin Gestation

8.10.1. Introduction
8.10.2. Fetal Death in Bichorionic Gestation
8.10.3. Fetal Death in Monochorionic Gestation

Module 9. Fetal Echocardiography

9.1. Echocardiography Normal Fetus

9.1.1. Indications for Fetal Echocardiograph
9.1.2. Technique for Fetal La Echocardiograph
9.1.3. Measurement of cardiac structures. Z-score

9.2. Cardiac Functional Study. Normality

9.2.1. Heart Dysfunction Pathophysiology
9.2.2. Functional Echocardiography Technique
9.2.3. Advanced Techniques.

9.3. Septal Defects

9.3.1. Atrioventricular atrial Septal Defect
9.3.2. Interventricular Septal Defect
9.3.3. Auriventricular Septal Defects
9.3.4. Double Inlet Single Ventricle

9.4. Defects The Right Heart

9.4.1. Tricuspid Pathology
9.4.2. Pulmonary Stenosis
9.4.3. Complete Septal Pulmonary Atresia

9.5. Defects The Left Heart

9.5.1. Mitral pathology
9.5.2. Aortic Stenosis
9.5.3. Aortic Coarctation
9.5.4. Interrupted Aortic Arch

9.6. Conotruncal Abnormalities

9.6.1. Tetralogy of Fallot
9.6.2. Main Artery Transposition
9.6.3. Double Outlet Right Ventricle
9.6.4. Truncus Arteriosus

9.7. Venous Return Anomalies

9.7.1. Upper Vena Cava Filter Abnormalities
9.7.2. Inferior Vena Cava Filter Abnormalities
9.7.3. Persistent Right Umbilical Vein
9.7.4. Ductus Venosus Agenesis

9.8. Cardiac Position and Situs Abnormalities

9.8.1. Situs Anomalies
9.8.2. Heterotaxy Syndromes

9.9. Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities

9.9.1. Irregular Rhythms
9.9.2. Bradycardia
9.9.3. Tachycardia

Module 10. Fetal neurosonography

10.1. Fetal Neurosonography Normality

10.1.1. Indications for Fetal Neurosonography
10.1.2. Fetal Neurosonography Technique
10.1.3. Measurement of Brain Structures

10.2. Head Circumference and Skull Changes

10.2.1. Microcephaly
10.2.2. Macrocephaly
10.2.3. Encephalocele
10.2.4. Other Alterations

10.3. Ventriculomegalia

10.3.1. Ultrasound Diagnosis
10.3.2. Etiology
10.3.3. Associated Anomalies and Study
10.3.4. Prognosis
10.3.5. Recurrence

10.4. Midline Disorders

10.4.1. Abnormalities of the Corpus Callosum
10.4.2. Absence of Cavum Septum Pellucidum
10.4.3. Holoprosencephaly

10.5. Posterior Fossa Structure Abnormalities

10.5.1. Dandy Walker Malformation
10.5.2. Megacisterna Magna
10.5.3. Blake Cyst
10.5.4. Vermis Hypoplasia
10.5.5. Other Anomalies

10.6. Cystic Central Nervous System Pathology

10.6.1. Choroid Plexus Cyst
10.6.2. Connatal Cyst
10.6.3. Arachnoid Cyst
10.6.4. Other Alterations

10.7. Schemic Central Nervous System Pathology

10.7.1. Porencephaly
10.7.2. Schisencephaly
10.7.3. Other Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Lesions

10.8. Central Nervous System Tumors and Vascular Abnormalities

10.8.1. Teratomas
10.8.2. Tuberous Sclerosis
10.8.3. Galen Vein Aneurysm
10.8.4. Venous Sinus Thrombosis Dural

10.9. Sulcation Abnormalities

10.9.1. Introduction
10.9.2. Lisencefalia
10.9.3. Hemimegalencefalia

10.10. Magnetic Resonance in the Study of the Central Nervous System

10.10.1. Introduction
10.10.2. Indications
10.10.3. Appropriate Gestational Age for Fetal MRI
10.10.4. Usefulness of Fetal RM in the Study of the Nervous system

The complementary readings will allow you to delve into those topics that interest you the most, devoting your time efficiently and productively to the ultrasound areas of greatest importance to you”