Large animals can have complex pathologies, so it is necessary to have specialized veterinarians who can treat them”

The Postgraduate diploma in Laboratory Analysis in Large Animals incorporates innovative knowledge, based on the latest scientific evidence, that allows veterinary professionals to stay up-to-date on the newest treatments and emerging diseases that affect large animals across the world as a consequence of globalization.

Specialized and advanced knowledge of these diseases is necessary since outbreaks of some diseases considered eradicated or new ones may occur in all countries of the world.

Clinical practice is a very dynamic activity, new treatments are constantly appearing in scientific publications and veterinarians must be aware of them in order to be able to offer these options to their clients. Each of the modules in this program covers one of the organ systems, with emphasis on those systems that are most frequently affected in the Large Animals.

With respect to ruminants, although their handling and the diseases they suffer from are different from those of horses, they must also be understood with sufficient scientific expertise to be able to establish adequate treatments and accurate prognoses. Camelids of the new world or South America, which include mainly llamas and alpacas as domesticated animals, are animals bred for different purposes including fiber production, pack animals or meat production in South America. Horses are animals that are used both for leisure and as companion animals, as well as in different sports disciplines, which adds an important added economic value. It is essential to have a high level of knowledge in internal medicine to be able to work with these horses, since, due to their economic value, they are not readily accessible to clinicians with little training.

This program is designed by professors with the highest recognized degree of specialization, thus guaranteeing its quality in all aspects, both clinical and scientific, in large animals. 

Get trained with us and learn how to diagnose and treat diseases in large animals, in order to improve their quality of life"

This ##ESTUDIO## in Laboratory Analysis in Large Animals contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include:

• Practical cases presented by experts in Laboratory Analysis in Large Animals
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Latest innovations on Laboratory Analysis in Large Animals
• Practical exercises where self-assessment can be used to improve learning
• Special emphasis on innovative methodologies in Laboratory Analysis in Large Animals
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

This Postgraduate diploma is the best investment you can make when choosing a refresher program to update your knowledge in Laboratory Analysis in Large Animals''

The teaching staff includes professionals from the field of veterinary medicine, who bring to this training the experience of their work, in addition to recognized specialists from reference societies and prestigious universities.

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive training programmed to train in real situations.

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the specialist must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this, the professional will have the help of an innovative interactive video system made by renowned and experienced experts in Internal Medicine in Large Animals. 

This program comes with the best educational material, providing you with a contextual approach that will facilitate your learning"

This 100% online program will allow you to combine your studies with your professional work while increasing your knowledge in this field"

The structure of the content has been designed by the best professionals in the field of Laboratory Analysis in Large Animals, with extensive experience and recognized prestige in the profession, backed by the volume of cases reviewed, studied, and diagnosed, and with extensive knowledge of new technologies applied to veterinary medicine.

We have the most complete and up-to-date academic program in the market. We strive for excellence and for you to achieve it too"
 

Module 1. Alterations of the Urinary System in Large Animals

1.1. Anatomy, Physiology and Diagnostic Tests

1.1.1. Anatomy
1.1.2. Physiology

 1.1.2.1. Elimination of Nitrogenous Components
 1.1.2.2. Electrolyte Removal and Recovery (Tubular Function)
 1.1.2.3. Water Balance

1.2. Hematology and Blood Biochemistry

1.2.1. Urianalysis

 1.2.1.1. Density
 1.2.1.2. Test Strip
 1.2.1.3. Microscopy
 1.2.1.4. Enzimuria
 1.2.1.5. Excretional Fractions
 1.2.1.6. Cultures

1.2.2. Imaging Techniques

 1.2.2.1. Ultrasound
 1.2.2.2. Radiology
 1.2.2.4. Endoscopy
 1.2.2.5. Gammagraphy

1.2.3. Renal Biopsy
1.2.4. Quantification of Renal Function (Clearance)

1.3. Acute Renal Insufficiency (ARF) in Horses

1.3.1. Causes
1.3.2. Pathophysiology
1.3.3. Acute Tubular Necrosis
1.3.4. Acute Interstitial Nephritis
1.3.5. Acute Glomerulonephritis
1.3.6. Diagnosis
1.3.7. Treatment
1.3.8. Prognosis

1.4. Chronic Renal Insufficiency in Horses

1.4.1. Predisposing Factors
1.4.2. Glomerulonephritis
1.4.3. Acute Interstitial Nephritis
1.4.4. Other Causes
1.4.5. Diagnosis
1.4.6. Treatment
1.4.7. Prognosis

1.5. Renal Tubular Acidosis in Horse

1.5.1. Pathophysiology
1.5.2. Type 1
1.5.3. Type 2
1.5.4. Type 3
1.5.5. Quantitative/ Traditional Approximation of Imbalances
1.5.6. Diagnosis
1.5.7. Treatment

1.6. Investigation and Differential Diagnosis of Polyuria/Polydipsia

1.6.1. Diagnostic Protocol
1.6.2. Causes

 1.6.2.1. Renal Insufficiency
 1.6.2.2. Cushing
 1.6.2.3. Primary Polydipsia
 1.6.2.4. Excessive Consumption of Salt
 1.6.2.5. Diabetes Insipidus
 1.6.2.6. Diabetes Mellitus
 1.6.2.7. Sepsis
 1.6.2.8. Iatrogenic

1.7. Investigation and Differential Diagnosis of Pigmenturia (Renal Hemorrhage, Urolithiasis, Urethritis)

1.7.1. Urethritis/Urethral Defects
1.7.2. Cystitis
1.7.3. Pyelonephritis
1.7.4. Urolithiasis

 1.7.4.1. Urethral Calculi
 1.7.4.2. Bladder Stones

1.7.5. Idiopathic Renal Hematuria
1.7.6. Hematuria Associated with Exercise
1.7.7. Pigmenturia Caused by Systemic Pathology

1.8. Genitourinary Diseases in Cattle

1.8.1. Congenital Genitourinary Pathologies
1.8.2. Kidney Damage and Failure
1.8.3. Other Diseases of the Kidneys
1.8.4. Diseases of the Urethers, Bladder and Urethra

1.9. Genitouriary Diseases in Small Ruminants

1.9.1. Congenital Genitourinary Pathologies
1.9.2. Kidney Damage and Failure
1.9.3. Other Diseases of the Kidneys
1.9.4. Urinary Obstruction.
1.9.5. Diseases of the Urethers, Bladder and Urethra

1.10. Genitourinary Diseases in Camelids

1.10.1. Congenital Genitourinary Pathologies
1.10.2. Kidney Damage and Failure
1.10.3. Other Diseases of the Kidneys
1.10.4. Urinary Obstruction.
1.10.5. Diseases of the Urethers, Bladder and Urethra
1.10.6. Neoplasty

Module 2. Endocrinology and Dermatology in Large Animals

2.1. Clinical Approach and Diagnostic Tests in Equine Dermatology

2.1.1. Medical History
2.1.2. Sampling and Main Diagnostic Methods
2.1.3. Other Specific Diagnostic Techniques

2.2. Infectious, Immune-Mediated and Allergic Diseases in Horses

2.2.1. Viral Diseases
2.2.2. Bacterial diseases
2.2.3. Fungal Diseases
2.2.4. Parasitic diseases
2.2.5. Hypersensitivity Reactions: Types
2.2.6. Insect Sting Allergy
2.2.7. Other Types of Allergies and Skin Reactions

2.3. Cutaneous Neoplasms in Equidae

2.3.1. Sarcoids
2.3.2. Melanoma
2.3.3. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
2.3.4. Other Skin Tumors

2.4. Alterations to the Thyroid and Adrenal Gland in Equidae

2.4.1. Functions of the Thyroids
2.4.2. Factors Affecting the Measurement of Thyroid Hormones
2.4.3. Diagnostic Test for Thyroid Function
2.4.4. Hypothyroidism
2.4.5. Hyperthyroidism
2.4.6. Neoplasms of the Thyroids
2.4.7. Adrenal Insufficiency in Adults
2.4.8. Adrenal Insufficiency in Foals
2.4.9. Hyperadrenocorticism
2.4.10. Adrenocortical Neoplasms

2.5. Dysfunction of the Pars Intermedia of the Pituitary in Equidae

2.5.1. Etiopathogenesis
2.5.2. Clinical Signs
2.5.3. Diagnosis
2.5.4. Treatment

2.6. Equine Metabolic Syndrome

2.6.1. Etiopathogenesis
2.6.2. Clinical Signs
2.6.3. Diagnosis
2.6.4. Treatment

2.7. Alterations in the Metabolism of Calcium, Phosphorus and Magnesium in Horses. Anhidrosis

2.7.1. Alterations That Occur With Hypocalcemia
2.7.2. Alterations That Occur With Hypercalcemia
2.7.3. Diseases That Occur With Hypophosphatemia
2.7.4. Pathologies Associated with Hyperphosphatemia
2.7.5. Hypomagnesemia
2.7.6. Hypermagnesemia
2.7.7. Anhidrosis

2.8. Dermatological, Metabolic and Endocrine Alterations in Cattle

2.8.1. Congenital Dermatological Pathologies
2.8.2. Skin and Fur Diseases
2.8.3. Diseases of the Subcutis
2.8.4. Diseases of Hooves and Horns
2.8.5. Cutaneous Neoplasms
2.8.6. Ketosis
2.8.7. Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorous Disorders
2.8.8. Other Endocrinopathies

2.9. Dermatological and Endocrine Alterations in Small Ruminants

2.9.1. Congenital Dermatological Pathologies
2.9.2. Infectious Dermatitis
2.9.3. Vesicular and Mucocutaneous Junction Diseases
2.9.4. Parasitic Diseases of Hair and Wool
2.9.5. Caseous Lymphadenitis
2.9.6. Skin and Adnexal Diseases Associated with Toxicity and Nutritional Problems
2.9.7. Neoplasty
2.9.8. Pregnancy Toxemia
2.9.9. Stump, Rickets

2.10. Dermatological and Endocrine Alterations in Camelids

2.10.1. Infectious Dermatitis
2.10.2. Mucocutaneous Junction Diseases
2.10.3. Diseases Affecting Fiber Quality

Module 3. Laboratorial Diagnosis in Equidae. Alterations of the Hematopoietic System and Immunology in Large Animals

3.1. Hematology in Adult Horses: Alterations in the Red Series.

3.1.1. Physiology of Red Blood Cells and Platelets
3.1.2. Interpretation of Alterations in the Red Series
3.1.3. Iron Metabolism
3.1.4. Thrombocytopenia/Thrombocytosis
3.1.5. Polycythemia
3.1.6. Anemia

 3.1.6.1. Loss: Hemorrhage
 3.1.6.2. Destruction

  3.1.6.2.1. Infectious and Parasitic Diseases That Cause Anemia: Piroplasmosis, EIA and Other Diseases
  3.1.6.2.2. Immune-mediated Hemolysis
  3.1.6.2.3. Neonatal Isoerythrolisis
  3.1.6.2.4. Oxidative Damage

 3.1.6.3. Lack of Production

  3.1.6.3.1. Anemia Chronic Inflammation
  3.1.6.3.2. Myeloptisis/Aplasia Medular

3.1.7. Physiology of the White Series
3.1.8. Neutrophils
3.1.9. Eosinophils
3.1.10. Basophils
3.1.11. Lymphocytes
3.1.12. Mast Cells
3.1.13. Leukaemias

3.2. Biochemistry in Adult Horses

3.2.1. Renal Profile
3.2.2. Liver Profile
3.2.3. Acute Phase Proteins
3.2.4. Muscular Profile
3.2.5. Other Determinants

3.3. Hematology and Biochemistry in Foals/ Geriatric Horses

3.3.1. Differences in Hematology
3.3.2. Differences in Biochemistry

 3.3.2.1.Differences in Renal Function
 3.3.2.2 Differences in Liver Function
 3.3.2.3 Differences in Muscular Profile

3.4. Immune Response of Foals and Geriatric Horses

3.4.1. Peculiarities of the Immune System of Neonatal Foals
3.4.2. Evolution of the Immune Response During the First Year of Age
3.4.3. Senecundity: Peculiarities of the Geriatric Immune System

3.5. Hypersensitivity Reactions. Immune-Mediated Diseases

3.5.1. Hypersensitivity Type 1
3.5.2. Hypersensitivity Type 2
3.5.3. Hypersensitivity Type 3
3.5.4. Hypersensitivity Type 4
3.5.5. Immunocomplexes Manifestations of Immune-Mediated Diseases

3.6. Hemostasis Disorders

3.6.1. Primary Hemostasis
3.6.2. Secondary Hemostasis
3.6.3. Coagulation Based on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Pathways vs. Cell-Based Coagulation Model (Initiation, Propagation and Amplification)
3.6.4. Anticoagulation
3.6.5. Fibrinolysis/Antifibrinolysis
3.6.6. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
3.6.7. Hemorrhagic Purpura
3.6.8. Hereditary Problems
3.6.9. Procoagulant and Anticoagulant Treatments

3.7. Basic Principles of Acid-Base Equilibrium. Fluid Therapy

3.7.1. Introduction. Why is Acid-Base Equilibrium Important?
3.7.2. Basic Concepts
3.7.3. Protection Mechanisms: Short and Long-Term Slope Compensations
3.7.4. Interpreting Methods
3.7.5. Step by Step. How to Interpret the Acid-Base to Obtain Maximum Information

 3.7.5.1. Lactate
 3.7.5.2. Electrolytes

  3.7.5.2.1. Hypernatremia ( >145mmol/l)
  3.7.5.2.2. Hyponatremia (Horse<134 mmol/l)
  3.7.5.2.3. Hyperpotassemia or Hyperkalemia (>4,5mmol/l)
  3.7.5.2.4. Hypotassemia or Hypokalemia (<3.5 mmol/l)
  3.7.5.2.5. Hyperchloremia (>110 mmol/l)
  3.7.5.2.6. Hypochloremia (<90 mmol/l)

 3.7.5.3. SIDm
 3.7.5.4. ATO
 3.7.5.5. SIG

3.7.6. Classification of the Alterations
3.7.7. Basic Principles of Fluid Therapy
3.7.8. Body Composition of Fluids and Electrolytes
3.7.9. Estimation of Dehydration
3.7.10. Types of Fluid

 3.7.10.1. Crystaloid Solutions:

  3.7.10.1.1 Ringer's Lactate
  3.7.10.1.2 Isofundin®
  3.7.10.1.3 Saline Solution (0.9% NaCl)
  4.7.10.1.4 Sterovet®
  3.7.10.1.5 Bicarbonate
  3.7.10.1.6 Glucosaline 0,3/3,6%
  3.7.10.1.7 Hypertonic Saline Solution (7.5% NaCl)

 3.7.10.2 Colloidal Solutions

  3.7.10.2.1 IsoHes®
  3.7.10.2.2 Plasma

3.8. Interpretation of Laboratory Analysis and Immunological and Hematopoietic Alterations in Cattle

3.8.1. Blood Count
3.8.2. Blood Biochemistry
3.8.3. Allergies
3.8.4. Immune-Mediated Anemia
3.8.5. Thrombocytopenia

3.9. Interpretation of Laboratory Analysis and Immunological and Hematopoietic Alterations in Small Ruminants

3.9.1. Blood Count
3.9.2. Anemia and the FAMACHA System
3.9.3. Blood Biochemistry

3.10. Interpretation of Laboratory Analysis and Immunological and Hematopoietic Alterations in Camelids

3.10.1. Blood Count
3.10.2. Anemia
3.10.3. Blood Biochemistry

This training will allow you to advance in your career in a comfortable way"