Delve into the different Neuro-Ophthalmological Pathologies of the Central Nervous System and become a much more trained doctor" 

This comprehensive academic program will train the physician for the correct approach and following the latest scientific evidence on the different Neuro-Ophthalmological Pathologies of the Central Nervous System, which in many cases are potentially dangerous to patient’s vision or even life.

To achieve the best academic results, the contents of this Postgraduate diploma have been prepared by ophthalmologists, neurologists and neurosurgeons, with the aim of enriching the student’s experience to the maximum. In this way, the professional will acquire diagnostic and therapeutic skills of the various Neuro-Ophthalmological pathologies known, including VOCID-19.  In this way, you will be able to make a correct diagnostic approach by knowing the proper use of the most innovative technologies.

On the other hand, during the course of the program a thorough review will be carried out on the so-called Nystagmus, a term used to call sudden rapid and involuntary eye movements that can be from one side to the other, or from top to bottom (vertical nystagmus). Thus, after completing the Postgraduate diploma, the physician will be trained for the identification and treatment of Neuro-Ophthalmological pathologies with supranuclear origin.

One of the aspects that make this program unique is the treatment of the sequelae produced by COVID-19 at the Neuro-Ophthalmological level" 

This Postgraduate diploma in Neuro-Ophthalmological Pathologies of the Central Nervous System contains the most complete and up-to-date educational program on the market. The most important features of the program include:

• Practical cases presented by experts in medicine
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Practical exercises where the self-assessment process can be carried out to improve learning
• Its special emphasis on innovative methodologies
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

This program makes a complete review of the subspecialty of Neuro-Ophthalmology. Thus, the doctor will learn to treat and diagnose patients of all ages with this type of pathology"   

The program’s teaching staff includes professionals from the sector who contribute their work experience to this training program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities.

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive training programmed to train in real situations.

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the academic year. For this purpose, the student will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.

TECH proven teaching methodology will help you reach the top of your profession. Do not hesitate and come to study at this great university"

This Postgraduate diploma is unique for offering the student advanced knowledge in the Neuro-Ophthalmological impact of the new disease COVID-19"

The syllabus of this academic program has been created following the latest scientific developments in the field. Likewise, these contents are presented not only with a theoretical approach, but also practical to teach the students from real clinical cases that will teach them to carry out their profession with greater guarantees. This ensures that, after completing the Postgraduate Diploma, you will have acquired the necessary knowledge to work and approach Neuro-Ophthalmological Pathologies of the Central Nervous System.  

A syllabus of excellence, designed to meet the needs of the most demanding students and committed to their professional growth"  

Module 1 Supranuclear Disorders of Motility. Nystagmus

1.1.  Anatomical Relationships. Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF) and Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF) 

1.1.1. Anatomical Constituents of the Supranuclear Eye Movement 
1.1.2. Functional Anatomy of Saccadic and Tracking Movements
1.1.3. Functional Anatomy of Horizontal Versions
1.1.4. Functional Anatomy of Vertical Versions
1.1.5. Functional Anatomy of Convergence/Divergence 
1.1.6. Non-Optic or Vestibular Reflexes

1.2. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Pathology of the Trunk 

1.2.1. Horizontal Gaze Pathology 
1.2.2. Vertical Gaze Pathology 
1.2.3. Pathology of Convergence and Divergence 

1.3. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Pathology of the Cerebellum 

1.3.1. Localization of Lesions in the Cerebellum According to Ophthalmological Manifestations
1.3.2. Ophthalmologic Manifestations in Cerebellar Vascular Pathology
1.3.3. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Cerebellar Developmental Pathology

1.4. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Pathology of the Vestibular System 

1.4.1. Ophthalmological Manifestations of Central Oculo-Vestibular Dysfunction 
1.4.2. Ophthalmological Manifestations of Peripheral Oculo-Vestibular Dysfunction
1.4.3. Oblique Deflection (Skew)

1.5. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Degenerative Neurological and Other Diseases

1.5.1. Parkinson's Disease 
1.5.2. Huntington's Disease 
1.5.3. Epilepsy 
1.5.4. Coma

1.6. Phacomatosis 

1.6.1. Neurofibromatosis 
1.6.2. Tuberous Sclerosis 
1.6.3. Von-Hippel-Lindau Disease 

1.7. Nystagmus 

1.7.1. Definition and Pathophysiology 
1.7.2. Classification 
1.7.3. Examination and Recording Methods 
1.7.4. Physiological Nystagmus 

1.8. Nystagmus in Adults 

1.8.1. Vestibular Nystagmus 
1.8.2. Eccentric Gaze Nystagmus 
1.8.3. Acquired Pendular Nystagmus 
1.8.4. Treatment 

1.9. Nystagmus in Childhood 

1.9.1. Sensory Nystagmus 
1.9.2. Idiopathic Motor Nystagmus 
1.9.3. Nystagmus due to Fusional Maldevelopment 
1.9.4. Other Childhood Nystagmus 
1.9.5. Diagnostic Protocol 
1.9.6. Treatment 

1.10. Saccadic Intrusions and Oscillations 

1.10.1. Saccadic Intrusions 
1.10.2. Saccadic Oscillations 
1.10.3. Other Ocular Oscillations

Module 2 Neuro-Ophthalmological manifestations of COVID-19. Headaches and Cranial Neuralgia
 
2.1. Neuro-Ophthalmological manifestations of COVID-19 I: Pathogenesis

2.1.1. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2
2.1.2. Pathogenic Mechanisms
2.1.3. Neurotropism and Autoimmunity

2.2. Neuro-Ophthalmological Manifestations of COVID-19 II: Neuropathies
2.3. Neuro-Ophthalmological Manifestations of COVID-19 III: Headache. Papillitis
2.4. Clinical Approach to Headache
2.5. Migraine with Aura

2.5.1. Characteristics of Migraine
2.5.2. Neuro-Ophthalmological Phenomena Associated to Migraine

2.6. Other Primary Headaches with Orbital Pain
2.7. Cranial Neuralgia and Neuropathies
2.8. Neuro-Ophthalmological Manifestations and Ocular Pain in Secondary Headaches
2.9. Diagnosis of Headaches

2.9.1. Diagnostic Techniques
2.9.2. Indications
2.9.3. Referral Criteria

2.10. Treatment of Headaches

2.10.1. Anesthetic Blocks
2.10.2. Botulinum Toxin
2.10.3. Neurostimulation

Module 3 Vascular and Tumor Pathology

3.1. Vascular Pathology I

3.1.1. Aneurysms
3.1.2. Arteriovenous Malformations
3.1.3. Carotid-Cavernous Fistulas

3.2. Vascular Pathology II

3.2.1. Temporal Arteritis
3.2.2. Vasculitis
3.2.3. Carotid Dissection

3.3. Visual Disturbances in Stroke

3.3.1. Parietal Lobe Involvement
3.3.2. Temporal Lobe Involvement
3.3.3. Occipital Lobe Involvement
3.3.4. Bihemispheric Syndromes

3.4. Optic Nerve Tumors I

3.4.1. Meningioma

3.5. Optic Nerve Tumors II

3.5.1. Glioma

3.6. Chiasm Pathology I

3.6.1. Pituitary Tumors

3.7. Chiasm Pathology II

3.7.1. Cysts
3.7.2. Metastatic Diseases
3.7.3. Sphenoidal Mucocele
3.7.4. Trauma
3.7.5. Empty Sella Syndrome
3.7.6. Other Alterations

3.8. Suprasellar Neoplasms

3.8.1. Craniopharyngioma
3.8.2. Other Tumors of the Sellar and Suprasellar Region

3.9. Intracranial Hypertension

3.9.1. Etiology
3.9.2. Symptoms
3.9.3. Signs
3.9.4. Diagnosis
3.9.5. Differential Diagnosis

3.10. Treatment of Intracranial Hypertension

3.10.1. Weight Loss
3.10.2. Medical Treatment
3.10.3. Surgical Management
3.10.4. Prognosis

A unique specializacion program that will allow you to acquire advanced training in this field"