Learn how to apply electrical stimulation and interferential currents in athletes and improve their recovery capacity with these novel techniques"

At TECH we provide you with the most complete information on electrical stimulation and interferential currents in physical activity and sports so that you will enable you with a superior program that will allow you to apply these innovative techniques to your daily practice, achieving better recoveries in the users of your practice.

Electrical stimulation and interferential currents are used at low intensity on the skin of injured athletes to produce a therapeutic stimulation that reduces or eliminates local pain in athletes. In recent years, the number of research studies related to electrotherapy and the different techniques in this field has grown. These include percutaneous analgesic techniques in which needles are used as electrodes as , well as transcranial stimulation, either of an electrical nature or by using magnetic fields. Based on latter application, the field of action of electrotherapy has been widened and can thereby be applied to various types of patients, ranging from subjects with chronic pain to neurological patients.

One of the main advantages of this program is that, since it is 100% online, it is the student who decides where and when to study. Without having to face any kind of limitation, either in terms of time or travel to a physical location. All this, with the intention of facilitating to the maximum the possibility of study for professionals who must combine their training with the rest of their daily obligations.

Immerse yourself in the study of this high-level Postgraduate diploma and improve your skills as a sports professional"

This Postgraduate diploma in Electrical Stimulation and Interferential Currents in Physical Activity and Sport contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include:

• The development of case studies presented by experts in electrotherapy
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents of which they are composed provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• News on the role of the sports science professional in the application of electrotherapy
• Practical exercises where the self-assessment process can be carried out to improve learning
• Algorithm-based interactive learning system for decision-making in the situations that are presented to the student
• Its special emphasis on research methodologies on electrotherapy applied to sports sciences 
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

This Postgraduate diploma is the best investment you can make in the selection of a refresher program for two reasons: in addition to updating your knowledge in electrotherapy, you will obtain a Postgraduate diploma from the leading online university in Spanish: TECH”

The teaching staff includes professionals from the field of sports science, who bring their experience to this training program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities.

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive education programmed to learn in real situations.

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this purpose, the professional will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system developed by renowned and experienced experts in electrical stimulation and interferential currents.

This Postgraduate diploma offers training in simulated environments, which provides an immersive learning experience designed to train for real-life situations"

This 100% online Postgraduate diploma will allow you to balance your studies with your professional work while increasing your knowledge in this field"

The structure of the contents has been designed by a team of professionals from the best centers and universities in the country, aware of the relevance of current training to be able to intervene in situations that require the use of electrotherapy, and committed to quality teaching through new educational technologies.

We have the most complete and up-to-date academic program in the market. We want to put at your disposal the best training”

Module 1. Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation (TENS)

1.1. Fundamentals of Current Type used in TENS 

1.1.1. Introduction 

1.1.1.1. Theoretical Framework: Neurophysiology of Pain

1.1.1.1.1. Introduction and Classification of Nociceptive Fibers
1.1.1.1.2. Characteristics of Nociceptive Fibers
1.1.1.1.3. Stages of the Nociceptive Process

1.1.2. Anti-Nociceptive System: Gate Theory

1.1.2.1. Introduction to Current Type used in TENS
1.1.2.2. Basic Characteristics of TENS Type of Current (Pulse Shape, Duration, Frequency and Intensity)

1.2. Classification of Current Type used in TENS

1.2.1. Introduction

1.2.1.1. Types of Electrical Current Classification
1.2.1.2. According to Frequency (Number of Pulses Emitted per Second)

1.2.2. Classification of Current Type used in TENS

1.2.2.1. Conventional TENS
1.2.2.2. TENS-Acupuncture
1.2.2.3. Low-Rate Burst TENS
1.2.2.4. Brief or Intense TENS

1.2.3. Mechanisms of Action of the TENS Current Type 

1.3. High Frequency TENS Analgesic Stimulation

1.3.1. Neurophysiology of Nerve Cells 
1.3.2. Electrical Potential and Neurotransmission 
1.3.3. Ionic Concentrations and Equilibrium Potential 
1.3.4. All-or-Nothing Law 
1.3.5. Refractory Period 
1.3.6. Specificity and Transduction  
1.3.7. Sensory Receptors 
1.3.8. Accommodation

1.4. Analgesic Effects of High-Frequency TENS

1.4.1. Introduction

1.4.1.1. Main Reasons for the Wide Clinical Application of Conventional TENS

1.4.2. Hypoalgesia Derived from Conventional/High Frequency TENS

1.4.2.1. Mechanism of Action

1.4.3. Neurophysiology of Conventional TENS

1.4.3.1. Gate Control
1.4.3.2. The Metaphor

1.4.4. Failure to Achieve Analgesic Effects

1.4.4.1. Main Mistakes
1.4.4.2. Main Problem of Hypoalgesia by Conventional TENS

1.5. Analgesic Effects of Low-Frequency TENS

1.5.1. Introduction 
1.5.2. Mechanisms of Action of TENS-mediated Hypoalgesia Acupuncture: Endogenous Opioid System  
1.5.3. Mechanism of Action 
1.5.4. High-Intensity and Low-Frequency 

1.5.4.1. Parameters
1.5.4.2. Fundamental Differences from Conventional TENS Current

1.6. Analgesic Effects of “Burst-Type TENS”

1.6.1. Introduction
1.6.2. Description

1.6.2.1. “Burst-Type TENS Current Details” 
1.6.2.2. Physical Parameters 
1.6.2.3. Sjölund and Eriksson

1.6.3. Summary so far of the Physiological Mechanisms of both Central and Peripheral Analgesia

1.7. Importance of Pulse Width

1.7.1. Introduction

1.7.1.1. Physical Characteristics of Waves

1.7.1.1.1. Waves Definition 
1.7.1.1.2. Other General Characteristics and Properties of a Wave 

1.7.2. Impulse Shape 

1.8. Electrodes. Types and Application

1.8.1. Introduction

1.8.1.1. The TENS Current Device

1.8.2. Electrodes

1.8.2.1. General Characteristics 
1.8.2.2. Skin Care  
1.8.2.3. Other Types of Electrodes

1.9. Practical Applications

1.9.1. TENS Applications 
1.9.2. Impulse Duration 
1.9.3. Impulse Shape 
1.9.4. Intensity 
1.9.5. Frequency (F)
1.9.6. Electrode Type and Placement

1.10. Contraindications

1.10.1. Contraindications to the use of TENS Therapy 
1.10.2. Recommendations for Safe TENS Practice

Module 2. Interferential Currents

2.1. Fundamentals of Interferential Currents 

2.1.1. Interferential Current Concept 
2.1.2. Main Properties of Interferential Currents 
2.1.3. Characteristics and Effects of Interferential Currents

2.2. Main Parameters of Interferential Currents

2.2.1. Introduction to the Different Parameters 
2.2.2. Types of Frequencies and Effects Produced 
2.2.3. Relevance of Application Time 
2.2.4. Types of Applications and Parameters

2.3. Effects of High Frequency

2.3.1. Concept of High Frequency in Interferential Streams 
2.3.2. Main Effects of High Frequency 
2.3.3. Application of High Frequency

2.4. Effects of Low Frequency

2.4.1. Low-Frequency Concept in Interferential Currents 
2.4.2. Main Effects of Low Frequency 
2.4.3. Low-Frequency Application

2.5. Accommodation Concept Importance of the Frequency Spectrum

2.5.1. Accommodation Concept 
2.5.2. Practical Relevance of Accommodation 
2.5.3. Accommodation and Frequency Spectrum. Importance of the Same

2.6. Frequency Spectrum Adjustments

2.6.1. Frequency Spectrum Concept 
2.6.2. Frequency Spectrum Parameters 
2.6.3. Frequency Spectrum Adjustment Types  
2.6.4. Application of the Adjustment of Frequency Spectrum

2.7. Electrodes. Types and Application

2.7.1. Main Types of Electrodes in Interferential Currents 
2.7.2. Relevance of Electrode Types in Interferential Currents 
2.7.3. Application of Different Types of Electrodes

2.8. Practical Applications

2.8.1. Recommendations for the Application of Interferential Currents 
2.8.2. Techniques for the Application of Interferential Currents

2.9. Contraindications

2.9.1. Contraindications to the Use of Interferential Currents 
2.9.2. Recommendations for Safe Practice Using Interferential Currents

Module 3. Invasive Current Application

3.1. Invasive Treatment in Physical Therapy for Analgesic Purposes

3.1.1. General Aspects 
3.1.2. Types of Invasive Treatment 
3.1.3. Infiltration Versus Puncture 

3.2. Fundamentals of Dry Needling

3.2.1. Myofascial Pain Syndrome 
3.2.2. Myofascial Trigger Points 
3.2.3. Neurophysiology of Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Trigger Points

3.3. Post-puncture Treatments

3.3.1. Adverse Effects of Dry Needling 
3.3.2. Post-puncture Treatments 
3.3.3. Combination of Dry Needling and TENS

3.4. Electrotherapy as an Adjunct to Dry Needling

3.4.1. Non-Invasive Approach 
3.4.2. Invasive Approach 
3.4.3. Types of Electropuncture

3.5. Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation: PENS

3.5.1. Neurophysiological Fundamentals of PENS Application 
3.5.2. Scientific Evidence for the Application of PENS 
3.5.3. General Considerations for PENS Implementation

3.6. Advantages of PENS Over PENS

3.6.1. Current Status of PENS Implementation 
3.6.2. Application of PENS in Lower Back Pain 
3.6.3. Application of PENS in Other Regions and Pathologies

3.7. Use of Electrodes

3.7.1. General Information on the Application of Electrodes 
3.7.2. Variations in the Application from of Electrodes 
3.7.3. Multipole Application

3.8. Practical Applications

3.8.1. Justification for the Implementation of the PENS 
3.8.2. Applications in Lower Back Pain 
3.8.3. Upper Quadrant and Lower Limb Applications

3.9. Contraindications

3.9.1. Contraindications Derived from TENS 
3.9.2. Contraindications Derived from Dry Needling 
3.9.3. General Considerations

3.10. Invasive Treatments for Regenerative Purposes

3.10.1. Introduction

3.10.1.1. Electrolysis Concept

3.10.2. Intratissue Percutaneous Electrolysis

3.10.2.1. Concept 
3.10.2.2. Effects 
3.10.2.3. State-of-the-Art Review 
3.10.2.4. Combination with Eccentric Exercises

3.11. Physical Principles of Galvanism

3.11.1. Introduction

3.11.1.1. Physical Characteristics of Direct Current

3.11.2. Galvanic Current

3.11.2.1. Physical Characteristics of Galvanic Current 
3.11.2.2. Chemical Phenomena of Galvanic Current 
3.11.2.3. Structure. BORRAR

3.11.3. Iontophoresis

3.11.3.1. Leduc's Experiment 
3.11.3.2. Physical Properties of Iontophoresis

3.12. Physiological Effects of Galvanic Current

3.12.1. Physiological Effects of Galvanic Current 
3.12.2. Electrochemical Effects

3.12.2.1. Chemical Behavior

3.12.3. Electrothermal Effects 
3.12.4. Electrophysical Effects

3.13. Therapeutic Effects of Galvanic Current

3.13.1. Clinical Application of Galvanic Current

3.13.1.1. Vasomotor Action 
3.13.1.2. Effect on the Nervous System

3.13.2. Therapeutic Effects of Iontophoresis

3.13.2.1. Penetration and Elimination of Cations and Anions 
3.13.2.2. Drugs and Indications

3.13.3. Therapeutic Effects of Intratissue Percutaneous Electrolysis

3.14. Types of Percutaneous Application of Galvanic Currents

3.14.1. Introduction to Application Techniques

3.14.1.1. Classification According to Electrode Placement

3.14.1.1.1. Direct Galvanizing
3.14.1.1.2. Indirect Galvanizing

3.14.2. Classification According to the Technique Applied

3.14.2.1. Intratissue Percutaneous Electrolysis 
3.14.2.2. Iontophoresis 
3.14.2.3. Galvanic Bath

3.15. Application Protocols

3.15.1. Galvanic Current Application Protocols 
3.15.2. Intratissue Percutaneous Electrolysis Application Protocols

3.15.2.1. Procedure

3.15.3. Iontophoresis Application Protocols

3.15.3.1. Procedure

3.16. Contraindications

3.16.1. Contraindications of Galvanic Current
3.16.2. Contraindications, Complications and Precautions of Galvanic Current

A unique, key, and decisive educational experience to boost your professional development”