Throughout these months of study, you will acquire specialized knowledge of the dental and periodontal anatomical structures from professionals with extensive experience in the field” 

Over the last 15 years, veterinary dentistry has become a clinical sector in high demand among patients' owners. Veterinary clinics are increasingly receiving more and more pets for dental techniques to improve their oral health, as well as to maintain and preserve their teeth. The figure of the veterinary dentist is now a reality and, as such, must be prepared. 

The Professional master’s degree in Veterinary Dentistry is a response to the need and demand of the veterinary clinicians who, supported by the high casuistry that they encounter, seek to offer the best service to their patients. The modules that are developed have been selected with the aim of offering the veterinary clinicians the possibility of taking a step further in their future as a specialist in Dentistry and to update specialized theoretical and practical knowledge to face with guarantees any oral and maxillofacial procedure that they may encounter in their daily practice. 

The knowledge developed in this Professional master’s degree is supported by the clinical experience of the authors, as well as articles and scientific publications directly related to the most current field of Veterinary Dentistry. This program covers all the domestic species that can benefit from this specialty. It brings together modules on exotic animal dentistry, equine dentistry and, above all, dentistry of small species such as dogs and cats. 

The format of the Professional master’s degree allows the work and academic conciliation of all students, and meets the requirements and demands of the veterinary professional. 

A Professional master’s degree that will enable you to perform the activity of a veterinary dentist with the solvency of a high-level experienced professional"

This Professional master’s degree in Veterinary Dentistry contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. Its most notable features are:

• The latest technology in online teaching software
• A highly visual teaching system, supported by graphic and schematic contents that are easy to assimilate and understand
• Practical cases presented by practising experts
• State-of-the-art interactive video systems
• Teaching supported by telepractice
• Continuous updating and recycling systems
• Autonomous learning: full compatibility with other occupations
• Practical exercises for self-evaluation and learning verification
• Support groups and educational synergies: questions to the expert, debate and knowledge forums
• Communication with the teacher and individual reflection work
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection
• Supplementary documentation databases are permanently available, even after the program

Obtain a complete and adequate qualification in Veterinary Dentistry with this highly effective Professional master’s degree and open new paths to your professional progress"

Our teaching staff is made up of professionals from different fields related to this specialty. In this way, TECH ensures to offer you the updating objective it intends. A multidisciplinary team of qualified and experienced professionals in different environments, who will develop the theoretical knowledge in an efficient way, but above all, they will bring their practical knowledge from their own experience to the program: one of the differential qualities of this educational program.

This mastery of the subject is complemented by the effectiveness of the methodological design of this Professional master’s degree in Veterinary Dentistry. Developed by a multidisciplinary team of e-learning experts, it integrates the latest advances in educational technology. This way, you will be able to study with a range of comfortable and versatile multimedia tools that will give you the operability you need in your education.

The design of this program is based on Problem-Based Learning: an approach that views learning as a highly practical process. To achieve this remotely, we will use telepractice learning: with the help of an innovative interactive video system and Learning from an Expert, the students will be able to acquire the knowledge as if they were facing the scenario they are learning at that moment. A concept that will allow students to integrate and memorize what they have learnt in a more realistic and permanent way.

You will have the experience of expert professionals who will contribute their experience in this field to the program, making this educational program a unique opportunity for professional growth"

With this high-level program, you will learn how to choose the most appropriate dental treatments based on imaging tests"

The contents of this program have been developed by different experts, with a clear purpose: to ensure that students acquire each and every one of the skills necessary to become true experts in this field.

A complete and well-structured program will take you to the highest standards of quality and success.

We have the most complete and up-to-date academic program in the market. We strive for excellence and for you to achieve it too" 

Module 1. Dental and oral cavity anatomy in small animals 

1.1. Embryology and Odontogenesis. Terminology

1.1.1. Embryology
1.1.2. Dental Rash
1.1.3. Odontogenesis and the Periodontium
1.1.4. Dental Terminology

1.2. The Oral Cavity. Occlusion and malocclusion

1.2.1. The Oral Cavity
1.2.2. Occlusion in Dogs
1.2.3. Occulusion in Cats
1.2.4. Mandibular Prognathism
1.2.5. Mandibular Brachycephalism
1.2.6. Wry Bite
1.2.7. Narrow Mandible
1.2.8. Anterior Crossbite
1.2.9. Malocclusion of the Canine Tooth
1.2.10. Premolar and Molar Malocclusion
1.2.11. Malocclusion Associated with Persistence of Primary Teeth

1.3. Dental Anatomy in the Dog

1.3.1. Dental Formula
1.3.2. Types of Teeth
1.3.3. Dental Composition

1.3.3.1. Enamel, Dentine, Pulp

1.3.4. Terminology 

1.4. Periodontal Anatomy in the Dog

1.4.1. Gum
1.4.2. Periodontal Ligament
1.4.3. Cementum 
1.4.4. Alveolar Bone

1.5. Dental Anatomy in Cats

1.5.1. Dental Formula
1.5.2. Types of Teeth
1.5.3. Dental Composition
1.5.4. Terminology 

1.6 Periodontal Anatomy in Cats

1.6.1. Gum
1.6.2. Periodontal Ligament
1.6.3. Cementum
1.6.4. Alveolar Bone

1.7. Bone and Joint Anatomy

1.7.1. Cranium 
1.7.2. Facial Region 
1.7.3. Maxillary Region
1.7.4. Mandibular Region
1.7.5. Temporomandibular Joint 

1.8. Muscular Anatomy

1.8.1. Masseter Muscle
1.8.2. Temporal Muscle
1.8.3. Pterygoid Muscle
1.8.4. Digastric Muscle
1.8.5. Muscles of the Tongue
1.8.6. Muscles of the Soft Palate
1.8.7. Muscles of Facial Expression
1.8.8. Head Fascia

1.9. Neuromuscular Anatomy 

1.9.1. Motor Nerves
1.9.2. Sensitive Nerves
1.9.3. Brachiocephalic Trunk
1.9.4. Common Carotid Artery
1.9.5. External Carotid Artery
1.9.6. Internal Carotid Artery

1.10. Anatomy of the Tongue, Palate, Lymphonodes and Glands 

1.10.1. Hard Palate 
1.10.2. Soft Palate 
1.10.3. Canine Tongue 
1.10.4. Feline Tongue 
1.10.5. Lymphonodes and Tonsils 
1.10.6. Salivary Glands 

Module 2. Anaesthesia and Analgesia in Small Animal Veterinary Dentistry

2.1.  The Anesthesia Key Aspects

2.1.1. History of Anesthesia 
2.1.2. Anaesthetic Machine 
2.1.3. Anaesthetic Circuits 
2.1.4. Mechanical Ventilators
2.1.5. Infusion Pumps and Perfusors
2.1.6. Sedation vs Tranquillisation
2.1.7. Phases of General Anaesthesia

2.2. Pre-Anaesthetic Assessment and Pre-Medication of the Dental Patient 

2.2.1.  Pre-Anaesthesia Consultation 
2.2.2. Anaesthetic Risk. ASA Classification 
2.2.3. Recommendations for Chronic Medications on the Day of Anaesthesia 
2.2.4. Pre-Anaesthetic Considerations in Dental Patients 
2.2.5. Pharmacology in Premedication 

2.3. Anaesthetic Induction and Maintenance 

2.3.1. Induction Phase 
2.3.2. Pharmacology in Induction 
2.3.3. Intubation Process 
2.3.4. Maintenance Phase 
2.3.5. Inhalation Anaesthesia 
2.3.6. Total Intravenous Anaesthesia 
2.3.7. Fluid Therapy 

2.4. Basic Patient Monitoring 

2.4.1. Baseline Monitoring 
2.4.2. Electrocardiography 
2.4.3. Pulse Oximetry 
2.4.4. Capnography 
2.4.5. Arterial Pressure 
2.4.6. Introduction to Advanced Monitoring 

2.5. Anaesthetic Recovery 

2.5.1. General Recommendations 
2.5.2. Vital Signs Monitoring 
2.5.3. Adequate Nutritional Management 
2.5.4. Assessment of Post-Surgical Pain

2.6. Pain Management in Dentistry 

2.6.1. Physiology of Pain 
2.6.2. Acute and Chronic Pain 
2.6.3. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) 
2.6.4. Opioid Analgesics
2.6.5. Other Analgesics 
2.6.6. Pain Assessment

2.7. Common Complications in Anaesthesia 

2.7.1. Intraoperative Nociception
2.7.2. Bradycardia Vs Tachycardia 
2.7.3. Hypothermia Vs Hyperthermia 
2.7.4. Hypocapnia Vs Hypercapnia
2.7.5. Hypotension Vs Hypertension 
2.7.6. Hypoxia 
2.7.7. Common Arrhythmias
2.7.8. Regurgitation and Aspiration 
2.7.9. Post-Anaesthesia Blindness 

2.8. Locoregional Anaesthesia I. Local Anaesthetics 

2.8.1. Introduction 
2.8.2. Management of the Patient Receiving a Nerve Block
2.8.3. Pharmacology of Local Anaesthetics
2.8.4. Mechanism of Action of Local Anaesthetics
2.8.5. Local Anaesthetic
2.8.6. Adjuvants to Local Anaesthetics
2.8.7. Treatment of Local Anaesthetic Poisoning 
2.8.8. Good Practice Guideline for the Management of Local Anaesthetics
2.8.9. Effect of Inflammation on Local Anaesthetic Efficacy 

2.9. Locoregional Anaesthesia II. Locoregional Blockades

2.9.1. Anatomy Recap
2.9.2. General Recommendations
2.9.3. Contraindications
2.9.4. Maxillary Nerve Block 
2.9.5. Infraorbital Nerve Block 
2.9.6. Mandibular Nerve Block 
2.9.7. Mentonian Nerve Block 

2.10. Common Anaesthetic Protocols 

2.10.1. Anaesthetic Protocols in Dogs 
2.10.2. Anaesthetic Protocols in Cats

Module 3. Equipment and Instruments in Small Animal Veterinary Dentistry 

3.1. Dental Surgery and Consultation Room 

3.1.1. Dental Consultation
3.1.2. Dental Operating Theatre 

3.2. Materials and Instruments in Small Animal Periodontics

3.2.1. Periodontal Probes
3.2.2. Dental Explorer
3.2.3. Dental Mirror

3.3. Material in Small Animal Endodontics

3.3.1. Root Canal Explorers
3.3.2. Endodontic Files
3.3.3. Nerve Twitchers
3.3.4. Filling Spirals
3.3.5. Dental Locking Forceps 
3.3.6. Endodontic Compactors
3.3.7. Endodontic Spacers
3.3.8. Endodontic Fillings and Sealants

3.4 Material in Small Animal Orthodontics

3.4.1. Orthodontic Pliers
3.4.2. Orthodontic Wire
3.4.3.  Buttons with Curved Base
3.4.4. Orthodontic Chains
3.4.5. Cement
3.4.6. Molds and Printing Material

3.5. Dental Caps and Dentures 

3.5.1. Dental Caps
3.5.2. Dental Prostheses

3.6. Materials and Instruments for Oral Cavity Surgery

3.6.1. Equipment for Oral Surgery 
3.6.2. Surgical Material

3.7. Dental Equipment 

3.7.1. Fixed Dental Equipment
3.7.2. Portable Dental Equipment

3.8. Imaging Equipment in Veterinary Dentistry

3.8.1. X-Ray 
3.8.2. CT

3.9. Cleaning, Disinfection and Care of Dental Equipment

3.9.1. Care of Dental Equipment
3.9.2. Care of Dental Material
3.9.3. Disinfectants

3.10. Oral Health Care Tools for the Owner

3.10.1. Toothbrushes 
3.10.2. Dentifrices
3.10.3. Oral Antiseptics
3.10.4. Snack/Dental Toys 

Module 4.  Imaging Procedures in Veterinary Dentistry

4.1. Safety and Security in Dental and Maxillofacial Imaging Procedures. Physiological Imaging in Dentistry

4.1.1. Physiological Image  
4.1.2. Definitions
4.1.3. Protections
4.1.4.Recommendations 

4.2. Dental Radiology in Veterinary Dentistry

4.2.1. X-Ray Unit. Radiographic Films
4.2.2. Intraoral Dental Radiography Techniques

    4.2.2.1. Bisector Angle Technique

        4.2.2.1.1. Positioning of Maxillary and Mandibular Incisors
        4.2.2.1.2. Positioning of Maxillary and Mandibular Canines
        4.2.2.1.3. Positioning of Premolars and Molars

    4.2.2.2. Parallelism Techniques

        4.2.2.2.1. Positioning of Premolars and Molars 

4.2.3. Revealing Radiography  

    4.2.3.1. Reavealing Techniques 
    4.2.3.2. Dental Digital Development Systems 

4.3. Ultrasonography and the Use of Ultrasound in Veterinary Dentistry

4.3.1. Principles of Ultrasound. Definitions
4.3.2. Ultrasounds in Veterinary Dentistry
4.3.3. Uses in Veterinary Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery

4.4. Axial Computed Tomography in Veterinary Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery

4.4.1. Introduction.Definitions. Appliances   
4.4.2. Uses and Applications in Veterinary Dentistry

4.5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applied to Veterinary Dentistry

4.5.1. Introduction Definitions. Appliances
4.5.2. Uses and Applications in Veterinary Dentistry

4.6. Scintigraphy in Veterinary Dentistry

4.6.1. Introduction Principles and Definitions
4.6.2. Uses and Applications in Veterinary Dentistry

4.7. Imaging Assessment and Procedures Prior to Treatment and in Diagnostic Dentistry

4.7.1. Odontogram and X-Ray Study of the Patient
4.7.2. Endodontic Pre-Assessment
4.7.3. Orthodontics Pre-Assessment
4.7.4. Pre-Evaluation in Implant Dentistry

4.8. Imaging Procedures During Dental Treatment

4.8.1. Uses During Exodontics
4.8.2. Uses During Endodontics 
4.8.3. Uses During Implantology 

4.9. Imaging Procedures after Treatment and at Dental Check-ups 

4.9.1. Uses in Exodontics 
4.9.2. Uses in Endodontics 
4.9.3. Uses in Implantology 

4.10. Complementary to Diagnostic Imaging for a Definitive Diagnosis. Pathological Imaging in Veterinary Dentistry

4.10.1. Cytology in the Oral Cavity
4.10.2. Biopsy in the Oral Cavity
4.10.3. Cultures, PCR and More
4.10.4. Clinical Imaging in Small Animal Veterinary Dentistry

Module 5. Dentistry in Canine Veterinary

5.1. Veterinary Dentistry 

5.1.1. History of Veterinary Dentistry 
5.1.2. Basis and Fundamentals of Veterinary Dentistry 

5.2. Equipment and Materials in Veterinary Dentistry

5.2.1. Equipment 

5.2.1.1. Basic Equipment
5.2.1.2. Specific Equipment

5.2.2. Materials

5.2.2.1. Basic Instruments
5.2.2.2. Specific Instruments
5.2.2.3. Fungibles
5.2.2.4. Methods of Oral Impression Preparation

5.3. Oral Exploration

5.3.1. Anamnesis 
5.3.2. Oral Examination with the Patient Awake
5.3.3. Oral Examination with Sedated or Anaesthetised Patient
5.3.4. Records 

5.4. Paediatric Dentistry

5.4.1. Introduction 
5.4.2. Development of the Deciduous Dentition
5.4.3. Change of Dentition
5.4.4. Deciduous Persistence
5.4.5. Supranumerary Teeth
5.4.6. Agenesis
5.4.7. Dental Fractures
5.4.8. Malocclusions

5.5. Periodontal Disease

5.5.1    Gingivitis
5.5.2    Periodontite
5.5.3    Pathophysiology of Periodontal Disease
5.5.4    Periodontal Profilaxia
5.5.5    Periodontal Therapy
5.5.6    Postoperative Care

5.6. Oral Pathologies

5.6.1. Enamel Hypoplasia
5.6.2. Halitosis 
5.6.3. Tooth Wear 
5.6.4. Dental Fractures
5.6.5. Oronasal Fistulas
5.6.6. Infraorbital Fistulas
5.6.7. Temporomandibular Joint
5.6.8. Cranio Mandibular Osteopathy

5.7. Dental Extraction 

5.7.1. Anatomic Concepts
5.7.2. Indications
5.7.3. Surgical Technique
5.7.4. Flaps
5.7.5. Post-Operative Treatment

5.8. Endodontics and Orthodontics
5.9. Dental Radiology
5.10. Maxillofacial Fractures 

5.10.1. Emergencies 
5.10.2. Stabilisation of the Patient 
5.10.3. Clincal Exam 
5.10.4. Treatment 

5.10.4.1. Conservative Treatment 
5.10.4.2. Surgical Treatment

5.10.5. Therapeutics and Postoperative Care
5.10.6. Complications

Module 6. Dentistry in Feline Veterinary 

6.1.    General Basis of Feline Dentistry. 

6.1.1    Introduction 
6.1.2    Dental Equipment.

    6.1.2.1. Basic Equipment.
    6.1.2.2. Specific Equipment.

6.2.    Materials and Instrumentation for Felines. 

6.2.1    Basic Instruments.
6.2.2    Specific Instruments.
6.2.3    Fungibles.
6.2.4    Methods of Oral Impression Preparation. 

6.3 Oral Examination and Assessment of the Cat. 

6.3.1    Anamnesis 
6.3.2    Oral Examination with the Patient Awake.
6.3.3    Oral Examination with Sedated or Anaesthetised Patient. 
6.3.4    Registration and Odontogram. 

6.4 Periodontal Disease. 

6.4.1    Gingivitis. 
6.4.2    Periodontite.
6.4.3    Pathophysiology of Periodontal Disease. 
6.4.4    Gingival and Alveolar Bone Retraction.
6.4.6    Periodontal Profilaxia.
6.4.7    Periodontal Therapy. 
6.4.8    Postoperative Care.

6.5 Feline Oral Pathology. 

6.5.1    Halitosis 
6.5.2    Dental Traumatism. 
6.5.3    Cleft Palate. 
6.5.4    Dental Fractures. 
6.5.5    Oronasal Tonsils. 
6.5.6    Temporomandibular Joint. 

6.6 Feline Gingivostomatitis. 

6.6.1    Introduction 
6.6.2    Clinical Signs. 
6.6.3    Diagnosis 
6.6.4    Complementary Tests. 
6.6.5    Medical Treatment. 
6.6.6    Surgical Treatment. 

6.7.    Feline Dental Resorption. 

6.7.1    Introduction 
6.7.2    Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs. 
6.7.3    Diagnosis 
6.7.4    Complementary Tests. 
6.7.5    Treatment 
6.7.6    Therapeutics. 

6.8.    Dental Extraction. 

6.8.1    Anatomic Concepts. 
6.8.2    Indications. 
6.8.3    Anatomical Particularities. 
6.8.4    Surgical Technique.
6.8.5    Odontosection. 
6.8.6    Flaps. 
6.8.7    Post-Operative Treatment.

6.9.    Endodontics. 

6.9.1    Basis of Endodontics. 
6.9.2    Specific Materials.
6.9.3    Indications. 
6.9.4    Diagnosis 
6.9.5    Surgical Technique. 
6.9.6    Postoperative Care. 
6.9.7    Complications 

6.10.    Maxillofacial Fractures. 

6.10.1    Emergencies 
6.10.2    Stabilisation of the Patient. 
6.10.3    Clincal Exam. 
6.10.4    Treatment 
6.10.5    Therapeutics and Postoperative Care. 
6.10.6    Complications

Module 7. Veterinary Dentistry in Exotic Animals 

7.1.    Oral Anatomy and Physiology in Lagomorphs. 
7.2.    Oral Anatomy. 
7.3.    Handling and Securing. 

7.3.1    Oral Anatomy and Physiology in Rodents and other Exotic Mammals. 
7.3.2    Oral Anatomy. 
7.3.3    Handling and Securing. 
7.3.4    Oral Anatomy and Physiology in Reptiles. 
7.3.5    Oral Anatomy. 
7.3.6    Handling and Securing. 

7.4.    Dental Materials in Exotic Animals. 

7.4.1    Clamping Tables. 
7.4.2    Mouth-Openers. 
7.4.3    Exodontic Material. 
7.4.4    Periodontic Material. 

7.5.    Oral Diagnostic Tests in Exotic Animals. 

7.5.1    Oral Exam. 
7.5.2    Laboratory Diagnosis. 
7.5.3    Imaging Tests. 

7.6.    Oral Pathology in Lagomorphs. 

7.6.1    Elongation. 
7.6.2    Malocclusions. 
7.6.3    Periodontal Diseases. 
7.6.4    Dental Diseases. 
7.6.5    Other Diseases. 

7.7.    Oral Pathology in Rodents and other Exotic Mammals. 

7.7.1    Elongation. 
7.7.2    Malocclusions. 
7.7.3     Periodontal Diseases. 
7.7.4    Dental Diseases. 
7.7.5    Other Diseases.  

7.8.    Oral Pathology in Reptiles and Poultry. 

7.8.1    Most Common Oral Pathologies in Poultry. 
7.8.2    Most Common Oral Pathologies in Reptiles. 

7.9.    Anaesthesia in Exotic Animals. 

7.9.1    Anesthesia. 
7.9.2    Pre-operative Considerations. 
7.9.3    Postoperative Considerations. 

1.10 Prophylaxis, Prevention and other Particularities in Exotic Animals. 

1.10.1    Prophylaxis and Prevention for Owners. 
1.10.2    Clinical Prophylaxis and Prevention. 

Module 8. Equine Veterinary Dentistry

8.1.    Introduction 

8.1.1    History and Evolution of Equine Dentistry.
8.1.2    Equine Dental Evolution. 
8.1.3    Steaks, Bites and Accessories.
8.1.4    Marketing of Equine Dentistry.

8.2.    Anatomy and Physiology. 

8.2.1    Head Anatomy.
8.2.2    Tooth Anatomy.
8.2.3    Nomenclature. Triadan System.
8.2.4    Physiology of Mastication.
8.2.5    Change of Dentition. Approximation of Dental Age.
8.2.6    Temporomandibular Joint.

8.3.    Routine Dental Examination. 

8.3.1    Anamnesis
8.3.2    General Physical Evaluation.
8.3.3    Physical Examination and Palpation of the Head.
8.3.4    Examination of the Oral Cavity.
8.3.5    Dental Equipment.

8.4.    Dental and Oral Cavity Pathology. 

8.4.1    Signs of Dental Disease.
8.4.2    Pathologies of Incisors and their Treatment.
8.4.3    Canine Pathologies and their Treatment.
8.4.4    Wolf Teeth.
8.4.5    Pathologies of Premolars and Molars. Treatment
8.4.6    Dental Fractures.
8.4.7    Cavities.
8.4.8    Equine Odontoclastic Resorption and Hypercementosis.
8.4.9    Tumors.
8.4.10    Developmental Pathologies and Craniofacial Anomalies.

8.5.    Therapeutic Procedures. 

8.5.1    Incisor Procedures.
8.5.2    Bite Seat.
8.5.3    Bite Seat.
8.5.4    Endodontics.

8.6.    Head and Dental Trauma. 

8.6.1    Healing in Oral Lesions.
8.6.2    Management of Intraoral Lesions.
8.6.3    Mandibular and Maxillary Fractures.

8.7.    Temporomandibular Joint. 

8.7.1    Clinical Signs.
8.7.2    Temporomandibular Joint Injuries.
8.7.3    Treatment

8.8.    Dental Needs According to Type of Patient. 

8.8.1    Dentistry in Geriatric Patients.
8.8.2    Dentistry in Adult Sport Horses.
8.8.3    Dentistry in Young Sport Horses (2 to 5 years old).

8.9.    Diagnostic Methods. 

8.9.1    Dental Radiology.
8.9.2    Scintigraphy.
8.9.3    Computed Tomography (CT).
8.9.4    Oral endoscopy

8.10.    Perineural Blocks for Oral Procedures

8.10.1    Maxillary Nerve Block
8.10.2    Mandibular Nerve Block
8.10.3    Infraorbital Nerve Block
8.10.4    Mentonian Nerve Block

Module 9. Oncology in Small Animal Dentistry

9.1.    Oral Cancer

9.1.1    Aetiology of Cancer
9.1.2    Cancer Biology and Metastasis
9.1.3    Diagnostic Procedure in Oral Oncology (clinical stage)

    9.1.3.1. Oncological Examination
    9.1.3.2. Cytology/Biopsy
    9.1.3.3. Diagnostic Imaging

9.1.4    Paraneoplastic Syndromes
9.1.5    Oral Cancer Treatment Overview

    9.1.5.1. Surgery
    9.1.5.2. Radiotherapy
    9.1.5.3. Chemotherapy

9.1.6    Overview of Oral Cancer Prognosis

9.2.    Radiotherapy

9.2.1    What is Radiotherapy
9.2.2    Mechanisms of Action
9.2.3    Modalities of Radiotherapy
9.2.4    Side Effects

9.3.    Chemotherapy

9.3.1    Cellular Cycle
9.3.2    Cytotoxic Agents

    9.3.2.1. Mechanism of Action
    9.3.2.2. Administration
    9.3.2.3. Side Effects

9.3.3    Anti-Angiogenic Therapies
9.3.4    Targeted Therapy

9.4.    Electrochemotherapy 

9.4.1    What is Electrochemotherapy
9.4.2    Mechanism of Action
9.4.3    Indications

9.5.    Benign Oral Tumors

9.5.1    Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma
9.5.2    Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma
9.5.3    Odontogenic Tumours
9.5.4    Osteomas

9.6.    Canine Oral Melanoma

9.6.1    Pathophysiology of Oral Melanoma
9.6.2    Biological Behavior
9.6.3    Diagnostic Procedure
9.6.4    Clinical Status
9.6.5    Treatment

    9.6.5.1. Surgery
    9.6.5.2. Radiotherapy
    9.6.5.3. Chemotherapy
    9.6.5.4. Other treatments

9.6.6    Prognosis

9.7.    Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

9.7.1    Physiotapology of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
9.7.2    Biological Behavior
9.7.3    Diagnostic Procedure
9.7.4    Clinical Status
9.7.5    Treatment

    9.7.5.1. Surgery
    9.7.5.2. Radiotherapy
    9.7.5.3. Chemotherapy
    9.7.5.4. Other treatments

9.7.6    Prognosis

9.8.    Canine Oral Fibrosarcoma

9.8.1    Physiopathology of Canine Oral Firbosarcoma
9.8.2    Biological Behavior
9.8.3    Diagnostic Procedure
9.8.4    Clinical Status
9.8.5    Treatment

    9.8.5.1. Surgery
    9.8.5.2. Radiotherapy
    9.8.5.3. Chemotherapy
    9.8.5.4. Other treatments

9.8.6    Prognosis

9.9.    Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

9.9.1    Physiopathology of Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
9.9.2    Biological Behavior
9.9.3    Diagnostic Procedure
9.9.4    Clinical Status
9.9.5    Treatment

    9.9.5.1. Surgery
    9.9.5.2. Radiotherapy
    9.9.5.3. Chemotherapy
    9.9.5.4. Other treatments

9.9.6    Prognosis

9.10.    Other Oral Tumours

9.10.1    Osteosarcoma
9.10.2    Lymphoma
9.10.3    Mastocytoma
9.10.4    Tongue Cancer
9.10.5    Oral Tumours in Young Dogs
9.10.6    Multilobular Osteochondrosarcoma

Module 10. Oral Cavity Surgery in Small Animals 

10.1.    Surgical Pathology and Surgery of the Cheeks and Lips 

10.1.1    Chewing Injuries
10.1.2    Lacerations
10.1.3    Lip Avulsion
10.1.4    Necrosis
10.1.5    Cheilitis and Dermatitis
10.1.6    Inappropriate Salivation
10.1.7    Tight Lip
10.1.8    Cleft Lip

10.2.    Surgical Pathology and Tongue Surgery

10.2.1    Congenital Disorders
10.2.2    Infectious Disorders
10.2.3    Trauma
10.2.4    Miscellaneous
10.2.5    Neoplasms and Hyperplastic Lesions

10.3.    Oropharyngeal Disorders

10.3.1    Dysphagia
10.3.2    Penetrating Wounds to the Pharynx

10.4.    Surgical Pathology of the Tonsils

10.4.1    Tonsillar Inflammation
10.4.2    Tonsillar Neoplasia

1.5.    Surgical Pathology of the Palate

1.5.1    Congenital Defects of the Palate

    1.5.1.1. Cleft Lip
    1.5.1.2. Paladar hendido

1.5.2    Aquired Defects of the Palate

    1.5.2.1. Oro-Nasal Fistula
    1.5.2.2. Trauma

1.6.    Surgical Pathology of the Salivary Glands in the Dog

1.6.1    Surgical Diseases of the Salivary Glands
1.6.2    Sialocele
1.6.3    Sialoliths
1.6.4    Salivary Gland Neoplasia
1.6.5    Surgical Technique

1.7.    Oncological Surgery of the Oral Cavity in Dogs and Cats 

1.7.1    Sample Collection
1.7.2    Benign Neoplasms
1.7.3    Malignant Neoplasms
1.7.4    Surgical Treatment

1.8.    Surgical Pathology of the TMJ

1.8.1    Temporomandibular Joint Dysplasia 
1.8.2    Fractures and Dislocations 

1.9.    Introduction to Jaw Fractures 

1.9.1    Principles of Fracture Repair
1.9.2    Biomechanics of Jaw Fractures
1.9.3    Techniques in the Treatment of Fractures

1.10.    Mandibular Fractures in the Dog and Cat

1.10.1    Fractures of the Jaw
1.10.2    Fractures of the Maxillofacial Region
1.10.3    Common Problems in Fracture Repair
1.10.4    Most Frequent Post-Surgical Complications 

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