Thanks to this 100% online Postgraduate diploma, you will delve into the microbiological and epidemiological aspects of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria, promoting an integrated approach to One Health"

Multidrug-resistant Bacteria represent a growing threat in the field of human microbiology and animal health, standing out as one of the main concerns in global public health. This phenomenon underlines the urgent need for more effective control and prevention strategies, including the reduction of antibiotic use, the development of new drugs and the promotion of sustainable agricultural practices. 

This Postgraduate diploma will examine the underlying causes of bacterial resistance in human pathology. It will examine everything from the lack of development of new antibiotics to socio-economic factors and health policies that influence the spread of multi-resistant bacteria. In addition, the current state of antibiotic resistance worldwide will be analyzed in detail. 

The syllabus will also focus on antimicrobial resistance in animal health, identifying the causes and specific mechanisms that promote bacterial resistance in the veterinary setting. Effective preventive and control measures will also be proposed, including the proper management of antibiotics in livestock and aquaculture, as well as alternatives to these drugs to reduce the selective pressure on bacteria. 

Finally, the crucial role of the food chain will be addressed, looking at how multi-resistant bacteria can spread through food of animal and plant origin, as well as through contaminated water. Therefore, we will understand how agricultural and food production practices can influence the emergence and dissemination of these bacteria, implementing mitigation and control strategies to minimize risks to public health. 

In this way, TECH has developed a complete, fully online and flexible university program, which only requires a minimum of one computer and a minimum of two computers. In addition, it is based on the revolutionary Relearning methodology, based on the repetition of key concepts to ensure optimal and natural assimilation of the contents.

This program will provide you with the indispensable tools and knowledge to address the global challenge of multi-resistant bacteria from multiple interrelated perspectives"

This Postgraduate diploma in Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in Human Microbiology and Animal Health contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include: 

• The development of practical cases presented by experts in Microbiology, Medicine and Parasitology
• Graphic, schematic, and practical contents which provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Practical exercises where the self-assessment process can be carried out to improve learning
• Its special emphasis on innovative methodologies
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments 
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

You will examine how resistant bacteria can be transmitted through food of animal and plant origin, as well as through contaminated water, thanks to an extensive library of multimedia resources"

The program’s teaching staff includes professionals from the field who contribute their work experience to this educational program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities. 

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive education programmed to learn in real situations. 

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the course. For this purpose, students will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.

You will delve into the causes of bacterial resistance to antibiotics, from the shortage of new antimicrobial agents to the socioeconomic factors and health policies that influence their development"

You will analyze the most relevant bacterial species in animal health and evaluate their impact, identifying preventive and control measures, using the best teaching materials, at the forefront of technology and education"

The content of the university program will cover a wide range of topics that are fundamental to understanding and addressing the issue of bacterial resistance in two vital contexts. Therefore, the causes and mechanisms leading to antimicrobial resistance in both humans and animals will be explored in depth, examining bacterial genetics, as well as the environmental and socio-economic factors that contribute to this phenomenon. In addition, the most relevant bacterial species in each sector, their epidemiology and their impact on public and animal health will be analyzed.

Bet on TECH! You will investigate the current situation of bacterial resistance at a global level, analyzing statistics and regional trends in order to elaborate and develop effective prevention and control strategies"

Module 1. Multiresistant Bacteria in Human Pathology

1.1. Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to Antibiotics 

1.1.1. Acquisition of Resistance Genes 
1.1.2. Mutations
1.1.3. Acquisition of Plasmids 

1.2. Mechanisms of Intrinsic Resistance to Antibiotics 

1.2.1. Blockage of Antibiotic Entry 
1.2.2. Modification of the Antibiotic Target 
1.2.3. Inactivation of the Antibiotic 
1.2.4. Antibiotic Expulsion 

1.3. Chronology and Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance 

1.3.1. Discovery of Antibiotic Resistance 
1.3.2. Plasmids 
1.3.3. Evolution of Resistance 
1.3.4. Current Trends in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance 

1.4. Antibiotic Resistance in Human Pathology 

1.4.1. Increased Mortality and Morbidity 
1.4.2. Impact of Resistance on Public Health 
1.4.3. Economic Cost Associated with Antibiotic Resistance 

1.5. Multidrug-resistant Human Pathogens 

1.5.1. Acinetobacter Baumannii
1.5.2. Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
1.5.3. Enterobacteriaceae
1.5.4. Enterococcus Faecium
1.5.5. Staphylococcus aureus
1.5.6. Helicobacter Pylori
1.5.7. Campylobacter Spp
1.5.8. Salmonellae
1.5.9. Neisseria Gonorrhoeae
1.5.10. Streptococcus pneumoniae
1.5.11. Hemophilus Influenzae
1.5.12. Shigella spp 

1.6. Bacteria Highly Dangerous to Human Health: Update of the WHO List 

1.6.1. Critical Priority Pathogens 
1.6.2. High Priority Pathogens 
1.6.3. Pathogens with Medium Priority 

1.7. Analysis of the Causes of Antibiotic Resistance 

1.7.1. Lack of New Antibiotics 
1.7.2. Socioeconomic Factors and Health Policies 
1.7.3. Poor Hygiene and Sanitation 
1.7.4. Health Policies and Antibiotic Resistance 
1.7.5. International Travel and Global Trade 
1.7.6. Dispersal of High-Risk Clones 
1.7.7. Emerging Pathogens with Resistance to Multiple Antibiotics 

1.8. Antibiotic Use and Abuse in the Community 

1.8.1. Prescription 
1.8.2. Acquisition 
1.8.3. Misuse of Antibiotics 

1.9. Current Status of Antibiotic Resistance in the World 

1.9.1. Global Statistics 
1.9.2. Central and South America 
1.9.3. Africa 
1.9.4. North America 
1.9.5. Asia and Oceania 

1.10. Perspectives on Antibiotic Resistance 

1.10.1. Strategies to Mitigate the Problem of Multidrug Resistance 
1.10.2. International Actions 
1.10.3. Actions at the Global Level

Module 2. Antimicrobial Resistance in Animal Health 

2.1. Antibiotics in the Veterinary Field 

2.1.1. Prescription 
2.1.2. Acquisition 
2.1.3. Misuse of Antibiotics 

2.2. Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the Veterinary Field 

2.2.1. Causes of Bacterial Resistance in the Veterinary Field 
2.2.2. Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARGs), Especially through Horizontal Transmission Mediated by Plasmids 
2.2.3. Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene (mcr) 

2.3. Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Species of Veterinary Importance 

2.3.1. Pet Pathogens 
2.3.2. Cattle Pathogens 
2.3.3. Pig Pathogens 
2.3.4. Poultry Pathogens 
2.3.5. Goat and Sheep Pathogens 
2.3.6. Fish and Aquatic Animal Pathogens 

2.4. Impact of Multi-Resistant Bacteria in Animal Health 

2.4.1. Animal Suffering and Losses 
2.4.2. Impact on Household Livelihoods 
2.4.3. Generation of "Superbugs” 

2.5. Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria in the Environment and Wildlife 

2.5.1. Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in the Environment 
2.5.2. Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in Wildlife 
2.5.3. Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria in Marine and Inland Waters 

2.6. Impact of Resistances Detected in Animals and in the Environment on Public Health 

2.6.1. Shared Antibiotics in Veterinary Medicine and Human Medicine 
2.6.2. Transmission of Resistance from Animals to Humans 
2.6.3. Transmission of Resistance from the Environment to Humans 

2.7. Prevention and Control 

2.7.1. Preventive Measures Against Bacterial Resistance in Animals 
2.7.2. Systems and Processes for the Effective Use of Antibiotics 
2.7.3. Role of Veterinarians and Pet Owners in the Prevention of Bacterial Resistance 
2.7.4. Treatments and Alternatives to Antibiotics in Animals 
2.7.5. Tools for Limiting the Emergence of Antimicrobial Resistance and its and Spread in the Environment 

2.8. Strategic Plans to Reduce the Risk of Selection and Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance 

2.8.1. Monitoring and Surveillance of the Use of Critical Antibiotics 
2.8.2. Training and Research 
2.8.3. Communication and Prevention 

2.9. One Health Strategy 

2.9.1. Definition and Objectives of the One Health Strategy 
2.9.2. Application of the One Health Strategy in the Control of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria 
2.9.3. Success Stories Using the One Health Strategy 

2.10. Climate Change and Antibiotic Resistance 

2.10.1. Increase in Infectious Diseases 
2.10.2. Extreme Climatic Conditions 
2.10.3. Displacement of Populations

Module 3. Multiresistant Bacteria in the Food Chain 

3.1. Multiresistant Bacteria in the Food Chain 

3.1.1. The Role of the Food Chain in the Spread of Antimicrobial Resistance 
3.1.2. Antimicrobial Resistances in Food (ESBL, MRSA, and Colistin) 
3.1.3. The Food Chain within the One Health Approach 

3.2. Dissemination of Antimicrobial Resistance through Food 

3.2.1. Food of Animal Origin 
3.2.2. Food of Plant Origin 
3.2.3. Dissemination of Resistant Bacteria through Water 

3.3. Spread of Resistant Bacteria in Food Production 

3.3.1. Spread of Resistant Bacteria in Food Production Environments 
3.3.2. Spread of Resistant Bacteria through Food Handlers 
3.3.3. Cross-Resistance between Biocides and Antibiotics 

3.4. Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella Spp 

3.4.1. AmpC-, ESBL- and Carbapenemase-Producing Salmonella Spp 
3.4.2. Resistant Salmonella Spp in Humans 
3.4.3. Antibiotic Resistant Salmonella Spp in Farm and Meat Animals 
3.4.4. Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Spp 

3.5. Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter Spp 

3.5.1. Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter Spp 
3.5.2. Antimicrobial Resistant Campylobacter Spp in Foods 
3.5.3. Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter Spp 

3.6. Antimicrobial Resistances in Escherichia Coli 

3.6.1. AmpC-, ESBL- and Carbapenemase-Producing E. Coli 
3.6.2. Antimicrobial Resistant E. Coli in Farm Animals 
3.6.3. Antimicrobial Resistant E. Coli in Food 
3.6.4. Multidrug-Resistant E. Coli 

3.7. Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococci 

3.7.1. Methicillin-Resistant S. Aureus (MRSA) 
3.7.2. MRSA in Food and Farm Animals 
3.7.3. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcuys Epidermidis (MRSE) 
3.7.4. Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus Spp 

3.8. Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterobacteria 

3.8.1. Shigella Spp 
3.8.2. Enterobacter Spp
3.8.3. Other Environmental Enterobacteriaceae 

3.9. Antimicrobial Resistance in Other Food-Borne Pathogens 

3.9.1. Listeria Monocytogenes
3.9.2. Enterococcus Spp 
3.9.3. Pseudomona Spp 
3.9.4. Aeromonas Spp and Plesiomonas Spp 

3.10. Strategies to Prevent and Control the Spread of Microbial Resistance in the Food Chain 

3.10.1. Preventive and Control Measures in Primary Production 
3.10.2. Preventive and Control Measures in Slaughterhouses 
3.10.3. Preventive and Control Measures in Food Industries

You will be immersed in prevention and control strategies, with an emphasis on the responsible use of antibiotics, the implementation of biosecurity measures and the development of sustainable therapeutic alternatives"