A 100% online qualification that is perfect for updating your cardiovascular knowledge in a comprehensive way and without having to worry about schedules or on-site classes" 

The risk of suffering a cardiac accident or hereditary or congenital heart disease is very high in society as a whole According to the World Health Organization, these diseases have been the leading cause of death worldwide for more than 20 years. This is why there is an exacerbated fear of suffering from them in the population because the risk factors are wide-ranging and sometimes even impossible to detect early or to identify the causes once they have occurred.  

However, the evolution that cardiovascular medicine has undergone in recent decades in terms of diagnosis, treatments and techniques for the prevention and intervention of heart pathologies has been enormous and highly beneficial for patients. In relation to this, specialists in this area should continuously dedicate their time to learn about the latest developments in these advances, in order to be able to address these types of clinical cases based on the latest scientific evidence in cardiology.

In order to facilitate this task and allow them to pursue a qualification that updates their knowledge in an exhaustive manner and that fits in with the busy schedule of their practice, TECH has developed this very complete program in Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery. This is a multidisciplinary program that delves into the anatomy and pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system, the specifics of Acute Coronary Syndrome and its derived conditions and the broad spectrum that encompasses the area of Arrhythmias.  

In addition, there will be hours of additional material in different formats, including clinical cases presented by the teaching team, experts in cardiovascular medicine with extensive experience in the intervention of common and rare diseases. On the other hand, the faculty of this syllabus includes prestigious International Guest Directors who will develop a series of exclusive and rigorous Masterclasses.  

With this Advanced master’s degree you will receive exhaustive Masterclasses from true international referents, as Guest Directors”  

This Advanced master’s degree in Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market.The most important features include:

• The development of case studies presented by experts in cardiology and surgery 
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice 
• Practical exercises where the self-assessment process can be carried out to improve learning 
• Special emphasis on innovative methodologies in Cardiovascular Medicine and Surgery 
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection work
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection 

You will deepen your understanding of the importance of the Heart Team, which will help you hone your leadership skills in making team decisions about the approach to heart valve diseases” 

Its teaching staff includes professionals from the field of cardiac medicine, who bring to this program the experience of their work, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities. 

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide an immersive learning experience designed to prepare for real-life situations. 

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the student must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this purpose, the professional will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.  

With this Advanced master’s degree you will acquire a broad and up-to-date vision of the latest electrostimulation devices, as well as their implantation and explant"

It consists of 3000 hours of the best theoretical and practical content including real clinical cases presented by a team of experts in cardiovascular diseases"

Developing this Advanced master’s degree has been a real challenge for TECH and its team of experts, who, despite being versed in Cardiology, have had to carry out an exhaustive research task to shape a complete, comprehensive, updated and adapted to the pedagogical criteria that define and differentiate this university. In addition, with an emphasis on the multidisciplinary factor that characterizes all the qualifications of this center, they have also included in their content hours of additional material in audiovisual format, research articles, dynamic summaries and complementary readings so that the graduate can take full advantage of this academic experience and delve into the most relevant aspects of the syllabus for their professional performance.  

You will master in a very short time the techniques of percutaneous and surgical revascularization based on the latest developments in cardiac surgery"

Module 1. Anatomy and Pathophysiology of the Cardiovascular System 

1.1. Embryology 
1.2. Anatomy  

1.2.1. Cardiac Cavities 
1.2.2. Atrial Septum and Interventricular Septum 
1.2.3. Heart Valves 

1.3. Biochemistry of the Heart 

1.3.1. Metabolic Regulation  
1.3.2. Regulation of Oxygen Consumption 
1.3.3. Plasma Lipoproteins 

1.4. Conduction System 
1.5. Coronary Anatomy and Coronary Pathophysiology 
1.6. Large Vessels and Peripheral Vascular System 
1.7. Physiology of the Cardiovascular Apparatus 
1.8. Anatomo-Physiology of Pulmonary Circulation 
1.9. Hemostasis and Blood Coagulation
1.10. Update on Cardiovascular Pharmacology  

Module 2. Extracorporeal Circulation ECC 

2.1. The History of ECC 
2.2. General Principles of ECC 
2.3. ECC Components 

2.3.1. Mechanical Pumps 
2.3.2. Oxygenators 
2.3.3. Heat Exchanger 
2.3.4. Circuits and Filters 

2.4. Hypothermia 

2.4.1. Physiology of Hypothermia  
2.4.2. pH Control 
2.4.3. Hypothermia Techniques 

2.5. Myocardial Protection Methods 

2.5.1. Basic Principles of Cardioplegia 
2.5.2. Types of Cardioplegia 

2.6. Secondary Effects of ECC 

2.6.1. Coagulation Alterations 
2.6.2. Pulmonary Alterations 
2.6.3. Neurological Alterations 
2.6.4. Renal Disorders 
2.6.5. Inflammatory Response 

2.7. Monitoring During ECC 

2.7.1. Cardiovascular Monitoring 
2.7.2. Safety Devices 
2.7.3. Heat Exchanger 
2.7.4. Blood Gases 
2.7.5. Pressure 
2.7.6. Brain Saturation 
2.7.7. Flows 

2.8. Cannulation Techniques 

2.8.1. Types of Cannulas 
2.8.2. Access for Cannulation 
2.8.3. Special Situations 

2.9. Cerebral Perfusion 

Module 3. Perioperative Care 

3.1. Preoperative Optimization  

3.1.1. Risk Assessment  
3.1.2. Nutritional Status  
3.1.3. Anemia  
3.1.4. Diabetes Mellitus  
3.1.5. ATB Prophylaxis  

3.2. Intraoperative  

3.2.1. Monitoring  
3.2.2. Anesthetic Induction and Maintenance  
3.2.3. Fluid Use  
3.2.4. Pulmonary Hypertension  

3.3. Cardiovascular System  

3.3.1. Volemia and Contractility  
3.3.2. Postoperative AMI  
3.3.4. Cardiopulmonary Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation 

3.4. Low-Energy Expenditure Syndrome   

3.4.1. Monitoring and Diagnosis  
3.4.2. Treatment  

3.5. Respiratory System  

3.5.1. Postoperative Changes in Pulmonary Function  
3.5.2. Ventilator Management  
3.5.3. Pulmonary Complications  

3.6. Kidney Function 

3.6.1. Kidney Pathophysiology  
3.6.2. Predisposing Factors for Kidney Failure   
3.6.3. Prevention of Kidney Failure  
3.6.4. Treatment of Kidney Failure  

3.7. Nervous System. Neurological Damage 

3.7.1. Types of Neurological Damage  
3.7.2. Risk Factors   
3.7.3. Etiology and Prevention  
3.7.4. Neuropathy in Critically Ill Patients  

3.8. Hematologic Complications 

3.8.1. Postoperative Bleeding  
3.8.2. Diagnosis of Coagulopathies  
3.8.3. Prevention of Bleeding  
3.8.4. Treatment   

3.9. Infections 

3.9.1. Pneumonia Associated with Mechanical Ventilation  
3.9.2. Infection of Surgical Wounds  
3.9.3. Infections Associated with Catheter Devices  
3.9.4. Antibiotic Prophylaxis  

3.10. Optimization of Blood Derivative Transfusion 

Module 4. Ischemic Heart Disease 

4.1. Myocardial Ischemia and Myocardial Infarction  

4.1.1. Pathophysiology of Atheromatous Plaque  
4.1.2. Angina  
4.1.3. AMI  

4.2. Diagnosis  

4.2.1. Clinical Symptoms  
4.2.2. Electrocardiographic Criteria  
4.2.3. Enzymatic Modifications  
4.2.4. Image  
4.2.5. Definition of AMI  

4.3. Natural History and Prevention  

4.3.1. Mortality of AMI  
4.3.2. Prevention of Ischemic Heart Disease  

4.4. Clinical Decisions  

4.4.1. Heart Team  
4.4.2. Analysis of Clinical Practice Guidelines  

4.5. AMI Management  

4.5.1. AMI Code  
4.5.2. Thrombolytic Treatment  

4.6. Percutaneous Treatment  

4.6.1. Complications  
4.6.2. Results  

4.7. Surgical Treatment  

4.7.1. Grafts  
4.7.2. Anastomosis  
4.7.3. Without ECC  
4.7.4. MIDCAB   

4.8. Surgical Complications from AMI   

4.8.1. Ischemic Mitral Insufficiency  
4.8.2. VSD  
4.8.3. Free Wall Breakage  
4.8.4. Ventricular Aneurysm  

4.9. Combined Coronary Surgery   
4.10. Relevant Studies in Ischemic Heart Disease 

Module 5. Valvular Heart Disease   

5.1. Etiopathogenesis  
5.2. Valvular Heart Team. Specific Units  
5.3. Types of Valve Prostheses  

5.3.1. Historical Evolution of Valve Prostheses  
5.3.2. Mechanical Prostheses  
5.3.3. Biological Prostheses   
5.3.4. Homograft  
5.3.5. Xenografts  
5.3.6. Autografts  

5.4. Mitral Valve  

5.4.1. Anatomy and Function   
5.4.2. Pathophysiology  
5.4.3. Replacement and Repair Techniques  

5.5. Tricuspid Valve  

5.5.1. Anatomy and Function   
5.5.2. Pathophysiology  
5.5.3. Replacement and Repair Techniques  

5.6. Aortic Valve  

5.6.1. Anatomy and Function   
5.6.2. Pathophysiology  
5.6.3. Replacement and Repair Techniques  

5.7. Pulmonary Valve  

5.7.1. Anatomy and Function  
5.7.2. Pathophysiology  
5.7.3. Replacement and Repair Techniques  

5.8. Minimally Invasive Surgery  
5.9. Results of Valvular Surgery. Studies
5.10. Endocarditis  

5.10.1. Etiology  
5.10.2. Indications  
5.10.3. Risk Factors  
5.10.4. Treatment 

Module 6. Aortic Pathology 

6.1. Anatomy and Function of the Aortic Root  
6.2. Pathology and Treatment of the Aortic Root  
6.3. Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm  

6.3.1. Etiopathogenesis  
6.3.2. Natural History  
6.3.3. Treatment  

6.4. Thoracoabdominal Aneurysm  
6.5. Acute Aortic Syndrome  

6.5.1. Classification  
6.5.2. Diagnosis  

6.6. Surgical Treatment of Acute Aortic Syndrome  
6.7. Adjuvant Techniques in the Surgical Treatment of Acute Aortic Syndrome  
6.8. Aortic Arch Surgery  
6.9. Percutaneous Treatment  
6.10. Aortitis  

Module 7. Congenital Heart Disease 

7.1. General Physiology of Congenital Heart Disease   

7.1.1. Major Syndromes   
7.1.2. Palliative Techniques  

7.2. Patent Ductus Arteriosus   

7.2.1. Aortopulmonary Window 
7.2.2. Fistula of the Sinus of Valsalva   
7.2.3. Aortoventricular Tunnel 

7.3. Obstructions to Systemic Flow 

7.3.1. Aortic Subvalvular Stenosis 
7.3.2. Valvular Aortic Stenosis 
7.3.3. Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis and Aortic Coarctation 
7.3.4. Interrupted Aortic Arch  

7.4. Atrial Septal Defect and Ventricular Septal Defect 

7.4.1. Atrioventricular Canal 
7.4.2. Truncus Arteriosus   

7.5. Tetralogy of Fallot   

7.5.1. Pulmonary Atresia with VSD and MAPCAS   

7.6. Transposition of the Main Arteries. Double Outlet Right Ventricle 
7.7. Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome  

7.7.1. Three-Stage Management of Uni-Ventricular Physiology 

7.8. Pulmonary Venous Return Anomalies 

7.8.1. Total and Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return  
7.8.2. Heterotaxia  

7.9. Congenitally Corrected Transposition of the Great Arteries   
7.10. Vascular Rings. Coronary Abnormalities 

Module 8. Treatment of Other Cardiovascular Diseases, Transcatheter Valve Implantation and Concomitant Conditions 

8.1. Surgical Management of Cardiac and Great Vessel Trauma  

8.1.1. Blunt  
8.1.2. Open  

8.2. Pericardial Diseases  

8.2.1. Pericardial Effusion and Tamponade  
8.2.2. Constrictive Pricarditis  
8.2.3. Cysts and Tumors  

8.3. Cardiac Tumors  
8.4. Pulmonary Embolism  

8.4.1. Pathophysiology, Prevention and Treatment  
8.4.2. Pulmonary Thromboendarterectomy  

8.5. Ventricular Assists and ECMO  
8.6. Cardiac Transplantation  

8.6.1. History of Heart Transplant  
8.6.2. Surgical Techniques  
8.6.3. Donor and Recipient Selection  
8.6.4. Immunosuppression  

8.7. Transcatheter Valvular Treatment of the Aortic Valve  
8.8. Transcatheter Valvular Treatment of the Mitral Valve  

8.8.1. Transcatheter Mitral Valve Implantation  
8.8.2. Transapical Neo-String Implantation  

8.9. Cardiac Surgery and Concomitant Diseases  

8.9.1. Preoperative Assessment  
8.9.2. Fragility  
8.9.3. Renal Insufficiency  
8.9.4. Respiratory Failure  
8.9.5. Digestive Pathology   
8.9.6. Coagulation Disorders   
8.9.7. Pregnancy 

Module 9. New Technologies and Imaging Techniques. Statistics 

9.1. New Technologies in Cardiac Surgery  

9.1.1. New Polymer Prostheses  
9.1.2. Vest/Duragraft  
9.1.3. 3D Printing  
9.1.4. Augmented Reality  
9.1.5. Robotics  

9.2. Transthoracic Echocardiography  
9.3. Transesophageal Echocardiogram  
9.4. Imaging Techniques in Cardiac Pathology  

9.4.1. Cardiac CT  
9.4.2. Cardiac MRI   
9.4.3. Perfusion Studies  
9.4.4. PET/CT  

9.5. Statistics I for Surgeons  

9.5.1. Sample Collection  
9.5.2. Graphic Representation  

9.6. Statistics II for Surgeons  

9.6.1. Statistical Inference  
9.6.2. Proportion Comparison  
9.6.3. Comparison of Averages  

9.7. Statistics III for Surgeons  

9.7.1. Regression Analysis  
9.7.2. Linear Regression  
9.7.3. Logistic Regression  
9.7.4. Survival Studies  

9.8. Care Management  

9.8.1. Quality Criteria  
9.8.2. Records and Databases  
9.8.3. Criteria for the Timing of Cardiovascular Interventions  

9.9. Research Methodology  

9.9.1. Design  
9.9.2. Ethics  
9.9.3. Critical Reading of Articles  
9.9.4. Evidence-Based Medicine  

9.10. Past, Present and Future of Cardiac Surgery 

Module 10. Clinical Presentation of Coronary Syndromes (SCA) and Classification NSTE-ACS 1: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Classification  

10.1. Forms of Presentation of Coronary Heart Disease: Chronic Coronary Syndromes  and Acute 
10.2. Operational Classification of ACS Based on ECG, NSTE-ACS1 Epidemiology 
10.3. Pathophysiology and Correlation with Anatomic Pathology   
10.4. Unstable Angina and Non-Q AMI, Clinical Features  
10.5. ECG and NSTE-ACS
10.6. Complementary Diagnostic Laboratory Tests and RXT in NSTE-ACS 
10.7. Risk Stratification, Thrombotic Risk Scales  
10.8. Risk Stratification, Hemorrhagic Risk Scales 
10.9. Variant Angina and Coronary Vasospasm Clinical Features 
10.10. Vospasm Provocation Tests Treatment and Prognosis of Vasospasm 

Module 11. NSTE-ACS 2: Imaging and Ischemia Detection Tests   

11.1. Differential Diagnosis of TD in the Emergency Department 
11.2. Imaging Protocols in Emergency Department TD Units. Assessment and Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Patients with TD in the Emergency Department  
11.3. Value of Transthoracic Echocardiography in the Assessment of the Patient with Suspected NSTE-ACS. Use of POCUS 
11.4. Ergometry and Stress Echo/Stress Echo in the Patient with TD in the Emergency Department. Indications and Technique   
11.5. Role of MRI in NSTE-ACS and Patients with Chest Pain. Indications and Technique  
11.6. Anatomical Approach vs. Functional in the Diagnostic Assessment of the Patient with Chest Pain 
11.7. Long-Term Follow-Up Using Imaging Techniques 

Module 12. NSTE-ACS 3: Medical and Revascularization Treatment   

12.1. General and Monitoring Measures 
12.3. Anti-Anginal Drugs: Beta Blockers  
12.4. Anti-Anginal Drugs: Nitrates and Calcium Antagonists  
12.5. Planetary Antiaggregants. Which Ones and For How Long?  
12.6. Anticoagulant Drugs. Which Ones, How Much and Why?  
12.7. Indications for Coronary Angiography and Revascularization  
12.8. When Is Surgical Revascularization Indicated and When Is Percutaneous Revascularization Indicated?  
12.9. Percutaneous Revascularization Techniques  
12.10. Surgical Revascularization Techniques   

Module 13. NSTEACS 1: Clinical Picture, Presentation and Pre-Hospital and Emergency Assessment  

13.1. Clinical Presentations of NSTE-ACS  
13.2. Assessment of the Patient with NSTE-ACS in the Pre-Hospital Phase and in the Emergency Department (Clinical and Physical Examination). Initial Risk Stratification  
13.3. ECG in the Acute Phase of NSTE-ACS and Correlation with Coronary Anatomy  
13.4. ST-Elevation ECG: Differential Diagnosis   
13.5. Evolving ECG Pattern in NSTE-ACS   
13.6. General Treatment Measures and Initial Monitoring, Why Is It Important?  
13.7. Initial Pharmacological Treatment of NSTE-ACS: Oxygen Therapy, Nitrates, Beta-Blockers  
13.8. Pre-Hospital Antithrombotic Therapy: When and with What?
13.9. Indications for Coronary Reperfusion: The Problem of Timing  

Module 14. ACS with ST-Elevation 2. Patient Management in the Hospital. Coronary Unit   

14.1. Role of the Coronary Care Unit, the Value of Monitoring and General Early Treatment Measures  
14.2. Patient Stratification and Risk Scales  
14.3. Complementary Laboratory Tests  
14.4. Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Treatment Goals  
14.5. Antianginal Drugs in NSTE-ACS  
14.6. Platelet Antiplatelet Aggregation in NSTE-ACS  
14.7. Anticoagulation Indications. Anticoagulants  
14.8. Complications of NSTE-ACS: Chronic Heart Failure (CHF)  
14.9. Complications of NSTEACS: Cardiogenic Shock, Medical Treatment and Mechanical Support  
14.10. Mechanical Complications of NSTE-ACS: Cardiac Rupture, VSD and MI    

Module 15. NSTEACS 3: TTE and Other Imaging Tests in Acute Patient Assessment and in the Hospital Phase  

15.1. CXR in NSTE-ACS   
15.2. Value of Transthoracic Echocardiography in the Patient with NSTE-ACS 
15.3. Transthoracic Echocardiographic Assessment of Mechanical Complications of NSTE-ACS  
15.4. Echocardiographic Assessment of the Patient with Heart Failure or Cardiogenic Shock 
15.5. Usefulness of Imaging Techniques in the Prognostic Assessment of the Patient with NSTE-ACS Diagnostic Assessment of Residual Ischemia and Myocardial Viability   
15.6. New Techniques for Myocardial Deformation in NSTE-ACS 
15.7. MINOCA. Causes and Prognosis   
15.8. Usefulness of MRI in Patients With Myocardial Damage Without Epicardial Coronary Disease 
15.9. Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion by Contrast Echocardiography and Correlation with Angiographic Findings 

Module 16. NSTEACS 4: Limitation of Infarct Size. Reperfusion Therapies 

16.1. Myocardial Necrosis and Ischemia, the Problem of Ischemia Time 
16.2. Strategies to Decrease Infarct Size: Fibrinolysis vs. Primary Angioplasty  
16.3. Fibrinolysis, Advantages, Disadvantages and Protocols  
16.4. Primary Angioplasty Technique and Requirements  
16.5. Stents: Types and Results. Thrombus Extractors?  
16.6. Antiplatelet and Anticoagulation Treatment During PCI  
16.7. Long-Term Anti-Aggregation Treatment  
16.8. The Problem of Antiplatelet Treatment in Patients Who Also Take Anticoagulant Drugs. Protocols  
16.9. Hemodynamic Support During Primary Angioplasty. Available Methods  and Results  
16.10. Infarction Code Programs and Regional Reperfusion Networks  

Module 17. ACS Secondary Prevention. Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs

17.1. Optimization of Medical Treatment after ACS  
17.2. Diet and Obesity Management  
17.3. Prescription and Types of Exercise  
17.4. Control of Arterial Hypertension before and after ACS  
17.5. Dyslipidemia Control Before and After ACS   
17.6. Smoking Control 
17.7. Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes in Ischemic Heart Disease  
17.8. Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs: Evidence, Phases, Components and Process of Care  
17.9. Telemedicine in Cardiac Rehabilitation  
17.10. Continuity of Care after ACS and Cardiac Rehabilitation. PHASE III Cardiac Rehabilitation   

Module 18. Arrhythmias. Fundamental Concepts 

18.1. Physiology 

18.1.1. Special Features of Myocardial Cells 
18.1.2. Action Potential 
18.1.3. Main Ionic Currents Involved 

18.2. Genetics of Arrhythmias 
18.3. Cardiac Conduction System 

18.3.1. Sinoatrial Node and AV Node 
18.3.2. His-Purkinje System 

18.4. Mechanisms of Arrhythmias 

18.4.1. Automatism 
18.4.2. Triggered Activity 
18.4.3. Reentry 
18.4.4. Micro-Entry 

18.5. Antiarrhythmic Drugs 

18.5.1. Type I 
18.5.2. Type I 
18.5.3. Type III 
18.5.4. Type IV 

18.6. Basic Diagnostic Techniques Used in Arrhythmias  

18.6.1. Holter 
18.6.2. Tilt Test 
18.6.3. Pharmacological Tests 
18.6.4. Implantable Holter 
18.6.5. Wearables and Other Devices 

18.7. Common Procedures Performed for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Arrhythmias 

18.7.1. EPS and Ablation 
18.7.2. Electroanatomical Mapping Systems. Navigation Systems 

18.8. Cardiac Anatomy Focused on Arrhythmias 
18.9. Radiological Anatomy 
18.10. Organization and Operation of Arrhythmia Units 

Module 19. Bradyarrhythmias 

19.1. Bradyarrhythmia 
19.2. Types of Bradyarrhythmias 
19.3. Mechanisms/Physiopathology of Bradyarrhythmias 
19.4. Diagnostic Studies for Bradyarrhythmias 
19.5. Sick Sinus Syndrome 
19.6. AV Blocks 
19.7. Syncope 

19.7.1. Causes of Syncope 
19.7.2. Mechanisms of Syncope 
19.7.3. Diagnostic Study and Differential Diagnosis 

19.8. Indication for Pacemaker Implantation. Indications for Transient PM Implantation 

19.8.1. Sinus Dysfunction 
19.8.2. AV Blocks 

19.9. EEF Study of Bradyarrhythmias 

Module 20. Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias  

20.1. Supraventricular Tachycardia 
20.2. Types of Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias. Clinical Differential Diagnosis 
20.3. Acute Management of Supraventricular Tachycardia. View from the Emergency Department 

20.3.1. Clinical Presentation 
20.3.2. Complementary Tests 
20.3.3. Therapeutic Maneuvers and Pharmacological Treatment 
20.3.4. Discharge Treatment 

20.4. Chronic Management of Supraventricular Tachycardia. View From the Consultation Room 
20.5. Pharmacological Treatment of Supraventricular Tachycardias 
20.6. Electrophysiological Study of Supraventricular Tachycardia 

20.6.1. Indications 
20.6.2. Description and Maneuvers 

20.7. Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia 

20.7.1. Epidemiology 
20.7.2. Clinical Peculiarities 
20.7.3. Findings in Electrophysiological Study 
20.7.4. Ablation  

20.8. AV Reentrant Tachycardia (Accessory Pathway) 

20.8.1. Epidemiology 
20.8.2. Clinical Peculiarities  
20.8.3. Findings in Electrophysiological Study 
20.8.4. Ablation 

20.9. Common Atrial Flutter 

20.9.1. Epidemiology 
20.9.2. Clinical Peculiarities 
20.9.3. Findings in Electrophysiological Study 
20.9.4. Ablation 

20.10. Other Macroreentrant Tachycardias 
20.11. Focal Atrial Tachycardia 

20.11.1. Epidemiology 
20.11.2. Clinical Peculiarities  
20.11.3. Findings in Electrophysiological Study 
20.11.4. Ablation 

Module 21. Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias  

21.1. Ventricular Tachycardias 

21.1.1. Mechanisms and Pathogenesis of Ventricular Tachycardias 
21.1.2. Types of Ventricular Tachycardias 

21.2. Idiopathic Ventricular Tachycardia 
21.3. Clinical and Electrocardiographic Diagnosis 
21.4. Electrocardiographic Differential Diagnosis Between Wide QRS Tachycardias 
21.5. Acute Management of Ventricular Tachycardia. Vision from the Emergency Department and the Critical Patient 

21.5.1. Clinical Presentation 
21.5.2. Complementary Tests 
21.5.3. Therapeutic Maneuvers and Pharmacological Treatment 
21.5.4. Discharge Treatment 

21.6. Chronic Management of Ventricular Tachycardia. View From the Consultation Room 
21.7. Pharmacological Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardias 
21.8. Electrophysiological Study and Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia 
21.9. Ventricular Extrasystole 

21.9.1. Mechanisms of Genesis of Ventricular Extrasystole 
21.9.2. Clinical Management 
21.9.3. Therapeutic Strategy 

21.10. Ventricular Extrasystole. Study and Ablation 

Module 22. Devices (Pacemaker, ICD and Resynchronizer) 

22.1. Pacemaker 

22.1.1. How a Pacemaker Works 
22.1.2. Indications for Pacemaker Implantation 

22.2. Technique for Pacemaker Implantation 

22.2.1. Venous Canalization 
22.2.2. Surgical Pocket Creation 
22.2.3. Ventricular Electrode Implantation 
22.2.4. Atrial Electrode Implantation 

22.3. Basic Programming of Pacemakers 

22.3.1. Programming at Discharge After Implantation 
22.3.2. Monitoring Protocol in the Consultation Room 

22.4. ICD 

22.4.1. Operation of an ICD 
22.4.2. Indications for ICD Implantation 

22.5. ICD II 

22.5.1. ICD Implantation Technique. Peculiarities with Respect to Pacemakers 
22.5.2. Programming at Discharge After Implantation 
22.5.3. Monitoring Protocol in the Consultation Room 

22.6. Resynchronization Therapy 

22.6.1. Theoretical Basis  
22.6.2. Indications for Cardiac Resynchronization Device Implantation 

22.7. Resynchronization Therapy II 

22.7.1. CRS Implantation Technique. Peculiarities with Respect to Other Devices 
22.7.2. Programming at Discharge After Implantation 
22.7.3. Monitoring Protocol in the Consultation Room 

22.8. Physiological Stimulation 

22.8.1. Hisian Stimulation 
22.8.2. Left Bundle Branch Stimulation 

22.9. Other Implantable Devices 

22.9.1. Wireless Pacemakers 
22.9.2. Subcutaneous ICD  

22.10. Electrode Removal 

22.10.1. Indications for Electrode Extraction 
22.10.2. Extraction Procedure 

Module 23. Atrial Fibrillation 

23.1. Importance of Atrial Fibrillation 

23.1.1. Epidemiology of Atrial Fibrillation 
23.1.2. Socioeconomic Impact of Atrial Fibrillation 

23.2. Atrial Fibrillation in the Clinic 

23.2.1. Clinical Presentation and Symptomatology  
23.2.2. Initial Diagnostic Study 

23.3. Assessment of Thromboembolic and Hemorrhagic Risk 

23.3.1. Anticoagulant Treatment. Clinical Evidence 
23.3.2. Direct Acting Anticoagulants 
23.3.3. Vitamin K Antagonists 
23.3.4. Earlobe Closure 

23.4. Clinical Management of Atrial Fibrillation 

23.4.1. Rate Control Strategy  
23.4.2. Rhythm Control Strategy 

23.5. Atrial Fibrillation Ablation I 

23.5.1. Indications 
23.5.2. Evidence of Efficacy 

23.6. Atrial Fibrillation Ablation II 

23.6.1. Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Techniques  
23.6.2. AF Ablation Results 
23.6.3. Possible Complications of AF Ablation 

23.7. Follow-Up after Atrial Fibrillation Ablation 
23.8. Future Prospects in Atrial Fibrillation Ablation 
23.9. AF in Specific Contexts: Postoperative Period, Intracranial Hemorrhage, Pregnancy, Athletes 
23.10. Anticoagulant Therapy in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease 
23.11. Implications and Management of AHREfs and Subclinical AF  

Module 24. Arrhythmias and Heart Failure 

24.1. Importance of Rhythm Disturbances in Heart Failure 
24.2. AF and Heart Failure  

24.2.1. Epidemiology of AF in HF in Heart Failure 
24.2.2. Prognostic Implication of the Presence of AF in Patients with Heart Failure 

24.3. AF and Heart Failure. Role of Ablation and Antiarrhythmic Drugs.  
24.4. Risk Assessment of Ventricular Arrhythmias in HF 

24.4.1. Role of MRI  
24.4.2. Role of Genetics 

24.5. Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias in Heart Failure 
24.6. Indications for CRS Therapy and Other Devices in the Context of Heart Failure 

24.6.1. Conventional Resynchronizer 
24.6.2. Physiological Stimulation (Hisian and Left Bundle Branch) 

24.7. Tachycardiomyopathy 

24.7.1. Concept and Epidemiology  
24.7.2. Diagnostic Study 

24.8. Management of a Patient with Tachycardiomyopathy 

24.8.1. Medical Treatment 
24.8.2. Indications and Ablation Approach  

24.9. PM-Mediated Ventricular Dysfunction. Prevalence and Management 
24.10. LBBB and Ventricular Dysfunction. Does Dyssynchronopathy Exist? 

Module 25. Arrhythmic Syndromes, Sudden Cardiac Death and Channelopathies  

25.1. Sudden Cardiac Death 

25.1.1. Concept and Epidemiology of Sudden Cardiac Death  
25.1.2. Causes of Sudden Cardiac Death 

25.2. Sudden Cardiac Death II 

25.2.1. Diagnostic Study after Recovered Cardiac Arrest 
25.2.2. Clinical Management. Prevention 

25.3. Concept of Canalopathy. Epidemiology  
25.4. Brugada Syndrome. 

25.4.1. Indications for Electrophysiological Study 
25.4.2. Indications for ICD 
25.4.3. Pharmacological Treatment 

25.5. Long QT Syndrome  

25.5.1. Indications for ICD 
25.5.2. Pharmacological Treatment 

25.6. Short QT Syndrome 

25.6.1. Indications for ICD 
25.6.2. Pharmacological Treatment 

25.7. Early Repolarization and PTVC 

25.7.1. Indications for ICD 
25.7.2. Pharmacological Treatment 

25.8. The Importance of Genetics 

25.8.1. Family Studies 

Module 26. Myocardiopathies and Arrhythmias  

26.1. Association of Cardiomyopathies and Arrhythmias 
26.2. Dilated Cardiomyopathy 

26.2.1. Atrial Arrhythmias 
26.2.2. Ventricular Arrhythmias 

26.3. Prevention of Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death in Dilated Cardiomyopathy 

26.3.1. Indications for ICD
26.3.2. Role of Genetics 

26.4. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. Indications for ICD  

26.4.1. Atrial Arrhythmias 
26.4.2. Ventricular Arrhythmias 

26.5. Prevention of Arrhythmias and Sudden Cardiac Death in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy 

26.5.1. Indications for ICD 

26.6. Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy 

26.6.1. Description 
26.6.2. Most Frequent Arrhythmias and Peculiarities in their Management 
26.6.3. Prevention of Sudden Death. Indications for ICD 

26.7. Amyloidosis 

26.7.1. Description 
26.7.2. Most Frequent Arrhythmic Disorders and Peculiarities in their Management 
26.7.3. Indications for PM 

26.8. Other Cardiomyopathies and their Association with Cardiac Rhythm Disorders 

26.8.1. Dystrophies and Neuromuscular Diseases. Indications for ICD and PM 

26.9. Study of AVB in Young Patients 

26.9.1. Diagnostic and Therapeutic Algorithm 

Module 27. Arrhythmias in Other Clinical Contexts  

27.1. Arrhythmias in the Population without Heart Disease 
27.2. Arrhythmias in Athletes 
27.3. Arrhythmias in the Critically Ill Cardiac Patient 

27.3.1. Epidemiology 
27.3.2. Study and Clinical Management 
27.3.3. Management of Arrhythmic Storm 
27.3.4. Transient Pacemaker Indications and Implantation Technique 

27.4. Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Care 
27.5. Arrhythmias in the Non-Cardiac Critically Ill Patient 
27.6. Arrhythmias in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery and after TAVI 
27.7. Arrhythmias in Infantile Congenital Cardiopathies 
27.8. Arrhythmias in Adult Congenital Heart Diseases 

By enrolling in this Advanced master’s degree you will not only be accessing the most comprehensive and up-to-date cardiac syllabus, but also the largest medical school in the world. Would you like to be part of it?"