Upgrade your knowledge and skills in Obstetrics and Maternal Care with this innovative 100% online program, designed specifically for practicing midwives"

Obstetrics and Maternal Care are a fundamental specialty in the field of maternal and child health, and their constant professional updating is essential to ensure quality care for mothers and newborns. In fact, such professional updating has become an imperative need for practicing midwives, as advances in research and technology, as well as changing patterns of care and population demands, require Obstetrics and Maternal Care professionals to be up-to-date on the latest knowledge, skills and clinical practices.

In addition, the importance of woman-centered care, based on scientific evidence and interprofessional approach, highlights the need for up-to-date and specialized teaching in this area. For this reason, TECH has created this Advanced master’s degree in Obstetrics and Maternal Care for Midwives, designed specifically for professionals who already practice this specialty and are looking to keep up to date in a constantly changing environment.

This university program offers a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the most relevant and emerging topics in the field of Midwifery and Maternal Care. With a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach, the program is tailored to the needs of adapts to the needs of professionals already practicing this specialty, providing them with updated tools and knowledge to face the current challenges in maternal and child health care.

One of the outstanding advantages of this program is its 100% online modality. This allows professionals to access content and carry out all activities in a flexible manner, adapting to their schedules and work and personal responsibilities. The online platform offers an interactive learning environment, with updated resources, practical activities and communication tools that facilitate the exchange of knowledge and experiences among participants.

In addition, the program has a faculty of experts in the specialty, with extensive clinical experience. The participants will also have access to an extensive network of professionals dedicated to Obstetrics and Maternal Care, which fosters collaborative learning and the exchange of best practices.

Learn from experts in the field and access up-to-date resources in an interactive learning environment that adapts to your schedule and work and personal responsibilities"

This Advanced master’s degree in Obstetrics and Maternal Care for Midwives contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include:

• The development of case studies presented by experts in Obstetrics and maternal care
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Practical exercises where self-assessment can be used to improve learning
• Its special emphasis on innovative methodologies in the care of pregnant women during the entire pregnancy and delivery process
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

Delve into the most recent in pregnancy pathologies, obstetric of pregnancy, obstetric emergencies and breastfeeding"

The teaching staff includes nursing professionals who bring their experience to this training program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities.

Its multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will deliver an immersive learning experience, programmed to train in real situations.

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby students must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this purpose, professionals will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.

Get updated and deepen in the latest advances in research, technology and care guidelines in Obstetrics and Maternal Care"

Enroll in this program and join a community of professionals committed to constant updating"

The program is designed with a clear focus on the practice of maternal and child health. In this way, the student will address fundamental topics such as anatomy and physiology of the human reproductive system, obstetric and gynecologic pathology, prenatal and postnatal care, breastfeeding, and much more. With a rigorous and structured curriculum, this program has high quality multimedia material, including detailed videos, interactive summaries and practical guides.

 

You will delve into essential topics in maternal and child health, including obstetric and gynecological pathology, prenatal and postnatal care or breastfeeding, among others"

Module 1. Anatomy and Physiology of the Human Reproductive System

1.1. Anatomy of Male and Female Genital Tract

1.1.1. Female Description
1.1.2. Male Description

1.2. Histology of the Genital Organs and Breast

1.2.1. Histological Description

1.3. Introduction to the Cellular and Genetic Basis of Female Gametogenesis

1.3.1. Cellular and Genetic Description

1.4. Basis of Reproductive Endocrinology

1.4.1. The Reproductive Hormonal Process

1.5. Sex Acquisition

1.5.1. Sexual Differentiation

1.6. Female Physiology

1.6.1. Ovarian Cycle
1.6.2. Uterine Cycle
1.6.3. Cycle and Physiology of the Vagina and Vulva

1.7. Male Physiology

1.7.1. Testes and Gametogenesis
1.7.2. Testicular Functional Regulation
1.7.3. Male Sex Accessory Glands
1.7.4. Ejaculation. The Ejaculate and its Composition

1.8. Neurohormonal Regulation of the Reproductive function. The Diencephalon-Pituitary-Gonads Axis

1.8.1. Process of Hormonal Regulation
1.8.2. Feedback

1.9. Puberty

1.9.1. Concept
1.9.2. Differentiation

1.10. Climacteric Physiology

1.10.1. Chronology
1.10.2. Phenomenology
1.10.3. Mechanisms

1.11. Human Sexuality

1.11.1. Sexual Physiology: Neuroendocrine and Psychological Aspects

1.12. Symptoms of Gynecological Diseases, Menstrual Symptoms

1.12.1. Terminology and General Considerations
1.12.2. General Discharge and its Treatments

1.13. Complementary Gynecological Examinations

1.13.1. Cervical Cytology
1.13.2. Speculoscopy
1.13.3. Manual Vaginal Examination
1.13.4. Vaginal Exudate
1.13.5. Colposcopy
1.13.6. Hysteroscopy

Module 2. Puberty, Menstruation and Climacteric Period

2.1. Pathology of Puberty

2.1.1. Precocious Puberty
2.1.2. Pubertal Delay

2.2. Menstrual Disturbances

2.2.1. Hypothalamic Amenorrhea
2.2.2. Amenorrhea of the Pituitary Type
2.2.3. Hyperprolactinemia

2.3. Uterine Amenorrhea

2.3.1. Protocol
2.3.2. Diagnosis

2.4. Functional Uterine Bleeding

2.4.1. Ovulatory Bleeding
2.4.2. Anovulatory Bleeding
2.4.3. Extragenital Bleeding

2.5. Climacteric Pathology

2.5.1. Treatment of Climacteric Pathology: HRT
2.5.2. Hormone Replacement Therapy and Gynecologic Cancer
2.5.3. Complementary or Alternative Measures in Menopause
2.5.4. Phytoestrogens

Module 3. Gynecological Infectious Pathology and Sexually Transmitted Diseases

3.1. Sexually Transmitted Infections

3.1.1. Etiology
3.1.2. Epidemiology

3.2. Infectious Processes of the Reproductive System

3.2.1. Etiology
3.2.2. Classification
3.2.3. Treatment

3.3. Vulvovaginitis

3.3.1. Description
3.3.2. Treatment

3.4. Vaginal Candidiasis

3.4.1. Description
3.4.2. Treatment

3.5. Bacterial Vaginosis

3.5.1. Description
3.5.2. Treatment

3.6. Vaginal Trichomoniasis

3.6.1. Description
3.6.2. Treatment

3.7. Syphilis

3.7.1. Description
3.7.2. Treatment

3.8. Chancroid

3.8.1. Description
3.8.2. Treatment

3.9. Lymphogranuloma Venereum

3.9.1. Description
3.9.2. Treatment

3.10. Simple Herpes

3.10.1. Description
3.10.2. Treatment

3.11. Infections Leading to Urethritis and Cervicitis

3.11.1. Description
3.11.2. Treatment

3.12. Condylomata Acuminata

3.12.1. Description
3.12.2. Treatment

3.13. Contagious Molusco

3.13.1. Description
3.13.2. Treatment

3.14. Scabies

3.14.1. Description
3.14.2. Treatment

3.15. Pediculosis Pubis

3.15.1. Description
3.15.2. Treatment

3.16. HIV

3.16.1. Description
3.16.2. Treatment

3.17. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

3.17.1. Description
3.17.2. Treatment

3.18. Papillomavirus Infection

3.18.1. Description
3.18.2. Treatment

Module 4. Care for Women with Gynecologic Problems

4.1. Pain of Pelvic Origin

4.1.1. Dysmenorrhea
4.1.2. Premenstrual Syndrome, Endometriosis and Others

4.2. Malformations of the genital tract

4.2.1. Malformations of the Vulva
4.2.2. Malformations of the Vagina
4.2.3. Malformations of the Cervix
4.2.4. Malformations of the Uterine Body
4.2.5. Ovarian Malformations
4.2.6. Malformations of the Lower Urinary Organs Urogenital Fistulas
4.2.7. Female Genital Mutilation
4.2.8. Breast Malformations

4.3. Benign Tumors

4.3.1. Benign Tumors of the Vulva
4.3.2. Benign Tumors of the Vagina
4.3.3. Benign Tumors of the Ovary

4.4. Benign Gynecologic Pathology

4.4.1. Benign Pathology of the Uterine Cervix
4.4.2. Benign Pathology of the Uterine and Endometrial Body
4.4.3. Benign Pathology of the Fallopian Tube

4.5. Alterations of Genital Statics

4.5.1. Uterine Prolapse
4.5.2. Cystocele
4.5.3. Rectocele
4.5.4. Enterocele

4.6. Vulvovaginoperineal Tears and Rectovaginal Fistulas
4.7. Vulvovaginal Pathology

4.7.1. Vulvovaginitis
4.7.2. Bartholinitis
4.7.3. Lichen Sclerosus
4.7.4. Paget’s Disease
4.7.5. Vulvar and Vaginal Cancer

4.8. Cervical Pathology

4.8.1. Cervicitis
4.8.2. Polyps
4.8.3. Cervical Cancer

4.9. Uterine Pathology

4.9.1. Uterine Myoma
4.9.2. Endometrial Cancer

4.10. Adnexal Pathology

4.10.1. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
4.10.2. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
4.10.3. Endometriosis
4.10.4. Ovarian Carcinoma

Module 5. Gynecological Surgery

5.1. Gynecological Surgical Interventions

5.1.1. Gynecological Surgery
5.1.2. Breast Surgery

5.2. The Hospitalized Gynecologic Patient

5.2.1. Preoperative Care
5.2.2. Postoperative Care
5.2.3. Complications

5.3. Anesthesia in Gynecology

5.3.1. Description of the Different Techniques
5.3.2. Nursing Care

5.4. Endoscopic Surgery (Laparoscopy)

5.4.1. Description
5.4.2. Action Protocol

5.5. Endoscopic Surgery (Hysteroscopy)

5.5.1. Description
5.5.2. Action Protocol

5.6. Tubal Surgery

5.6.1. Description
5.6.2. Action Protocol

5.7. Robotic Surgery Applied to Gynecology

5.7.1. Description
5.7.2. Nursing Care

Module 6. Urinary Incontinence (UI)

6.1. Epidemiology of Urinary Incontinence

6.1.1. Prevalence
6.1.2. Incidence

6.2. Types of Urinary Incontinence

6.2.1. Concept
6.2.2. Classification

6.3. Assessment of Midwives in Urinary Incontinence
6.4. Nursing Diagnoses in Urinary Incontinence

6.4.1. Exploratory Methods
6.4.2. Diagnostic Techniques

6.5. Treatment of Urinary Incontinence

6.5.1. Non-Surgical Treatment
6.5.2. Surgical Management

6.6. Prevention and Management of Urinary Incontinence in Women

6.6.1. Health Education

Module 7. Midwifery Care in the Preconception Consultation

7.1. Need for a Preconception Consultation
7.2. Content of a Midwife Consultation

7.2.1. Medical History
7.2.2. Physical Examination
7.2.3. Complementary Tests

7.3. Education and Promotion of Health on the Part of the Midwife
7.4. Pharmacological Supplements and Midwife Recommendations

Module 8. Pregnancy

8.1. Duration of pregnancy. Nomenclature
8.2. Anatomo-Physiological Modifications

8.2.1. Cardiovascular and Cardiac Changes

8.2.1.1. Cardiac Changes
8.2.1.2. Hematological Changes
8.2.1.3. Vascular Changes

8.2.2. Respiratory Changes

8.2.2.1. Anatomical Changes
8.2.2.2. Functional Changes

8.2.3. Renal and Urinary Changes

8.2.3.1. Anatomical Modifications
8.2.3.2. Functional Modifications

8.2.4. Metabolic Changes

8.2.4.1. Weight Gain
8.2.4.2. Basal Metabolism
8.2.4.3. Carbohydrate Metabolism
8.2.4.4. Lipid Metabolism
8.2.4.5. Protein Metabolism
8.2.4.6. Acid-base Equilibrium
8.2.4.7. Water Metabolism
8.2.4.8. Minerals and Vitamins

8.2.5. Genital and Mammary Changes

8.2.5.1. External Genitalia
8.2.5.2. Internal Genitals
8.2.5.3. Breast Changes

8.2.6. Endocrine Changes

8.2.6.1. Constitution of the Fetoplacental Unit
8.2.6.2. Pituitary
8.2.6.3. Thyroid
8.2.6.4. Parathyroid
8.2.6.5. Pancreas
8.2.6.6. Adrenal Gland

8.2.7. Skin and Eye Changes

8.2.7.1. Vascular Changes
8.2.7.2. Pigmentation Changes
8.2.7.3. Tegumentary System
8.2.7.4. Eye Changes

8.2.8. Gastrointestinal Changes

8.2.8.1. Mouth
8.2.8.2. Esophagus and Stomach
8.2.8.3. Intestine
8.2.8.4. Liver
8.2.8.5. Gallbladder

8.2.9. Musculoskeletal Changes

8.2.9.1. Change of the Center of Gravity
8.2.9.2. Pelvis
8.2.9.3. Musculoskeletal Alterations

8.3. Diagnosis of Pregnancy for Midwives

8.3.1. Diagnosis of Pregnancy
8.3.2. Biochemical Tests

8.3.2.1. Biological Tests
8.3.2.2. Immunological Tests

8.3.3. Ultrasound
8.3.4. Signs and Symptoms

8.3.4.1. Signs
8.3.4.2. Symptoms

8.4. Prenatal Care. Midwife’s program of gestational control

8.4.1. Prenatal Care
8.4.2. Pregnancy Control Program

8.4.2.1. First Pregnancy Check-up Visit (< 10 weeks)
8.4.2.2. Successive Prenatal Visits

8.4.3. Perinatal Risk Assessment
8.4.4. Prenatal Control Protocols

8.4.4.1. Definition
8.4.4.2. Objectives
8.4.4.3. Personnel Involved
8.4.4.4. Process

8.5. Prenatal Diagnosis

8.5.1. Non-Invasive Techniques
8.5.2. Invasive Techniques
8.5.3. Couple Counselling in Prenatal Diagnosis

8.5.3.1. Definition
8.5.3.2. General Objectives
8.5.3.3. Specific Objectives
8.5.3.4. Targeted Population
8.5.3.5. Description of the Process

8.6. Midwife’s Health Education for the Pregnant Woman

8.6.1. Health Education for the Pregnant Woman
8.6.2. Healthy Habits

8.6.2.1. Feeding
8.6.2.2. Consumption of Harmful Substances
8.6.2.3. Work
8.6.2.4. Sports
8.6.2.5. Travel
8.6.2.6. Hygiene, Clothing, and Footwear
8.6.2.7. Violence in Pregnancy

8.6.3. Sexuality
8.6.4. Common Discomforts During Pregnancy

8.6.4.1. Cardiovascular
8.6.4.2. Dermatological
8.6.4.3. Digestive
8.6.4.4. Locomotor
8.6.4.5. Respiratory
8.6.4.6. Genitourinary

8.6.5. Warning Signs
8.6.6. Promotion of Breastfeeding
8.6.7. Birth Plan

8.7. Nutrition of the Pregnant Woman

8.7.1. Evaluation of the Diet

8.7.1.1. Energy Requirements
8.7.1.2. Food Selection
8.7.1.3. Supplements During Pregnancy
8.7.1.4. Weight Gain

8.7.2. Special Situations

8.7.2.1. Medical treatment
8.7.2.2. Vegetarians

8.7.3. Dietary Counseling During Pregnancy

8.8. Pharmaceuticals in Pregnancy

8.8.1. Pharmaceuticals in Pregnancy
8.8.2. Pharmacology in Pregnancy
8.8.3. Mechanisms of Action in the Mother and Fetus

8.8.3.1. Mother
8.8.3.2. Placenta
8.8.3.3. Fetus

8.8.4. Use and Management of Pharmaceuticals in Pregnancy
8.8.5. Indications, Pharmaceutical Interaction, and Dosage

8.8.5.1. Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, and Antipyretic Medications
8.8.5.2. Gastroesophageal Reflux Prophylactics and Antiulcer Medications
8.8.5.3. Anticoagulants
8.8.5.4. Laxatives
8.8.5.5. E. Vitamins
8.8.5.6. Antianemic Medications
8.8.5.7. Antiarrhythmics
8.8.5.8. Antihypertensives
8.8.5.9. Hormones
8.8.5.10. Oral Contraceptives
8.8.5.11. Oral Antidiabetics
8.8.5.12. Corticoids
8.8.5.13. Dermatological Treatments
8.8.5.14. N. Antiviral Treatments
8.8.5.15. Trichomonicides
8.8.5.16. Antibiotics
8.8.5.17. Antiasthmatics
8.8.5.18. Antitussives
8.8.5.19. Rhinologicals
8.8.5.20. Antihistamines
8.8.5.21. Antiepileptics
8.8.5.22. Antidepressants
8.8.5.23. Antipsychotics

8.8.6. Annex. FDA Classification of the Different Groups of Medications

8.9. Psychosocial Aspects of Pregnancy

8.9.1. Psychosocial Aspects of Pregnancy
8.9.2. Cultural and Religious influences
8.9.3. The Meaning and Impact of Pregnancy on the Couple and on the Family and Social Surroundings
8.9.4. Psychological Changes in Pregnancy

8.9.4.1. First Trimester
8.9.4.2. Second Trimester
8.9.4.3. Third Trimester

8.9.5. Bonding

Module 9. Maternity Education Program

9.1. History
9.2. Objectives

9.2.1. General Objective
9.2.2. Specific Objectives

9.3. Theoretical and Practical Content

9.3.1. Course Content
9.3.2. Methodology

9.4. Physical Exercises, Pelvic Floor Exercises, and Body Statics
9.5. Breathing Techniques for Midwives

9.5.1. Breathing Classification
9.5.2. Current Trends

9.6. Relaxation Techniques Applied by the Midwife

9.6.1. Theoretical Basis of Childbirth Education
9.6.2. Different Schools

9.7. Use of the Birthing Ball or Spherodynamics
9.8. The Midwife and Aquatic Maternal Education
9.9. Pilates Method for Pregnant Women

Module 10. Concept of risk gestation. First trimester bleeding. Congenital Fetal Defects. Prenatal Diagnosis

10.1. Addressing High-risk Pregnancies

10.1.1. Socio-demographic Risk

10.1.1.1. Adolescent Pregnancy. Special considerations
10.1.1.2. Mother with Drug Dependency Problems

10.1.1.2.1. Principles of DrugInduced Teratogenesis
10.1.1.2.2. Alcohol
10.1.1.2.3. Cocaine
10.1.1.2.4 Heroin
10.1.1.2.5 Other drugs: Marijuana, Cannabis

10.1.2. Occupational Risk in Pregnancy. Ergonomics. Radiation Exposure
10.1.3. Risks to Reproductive Health
10.1.4. Current Gestational Risk
10.1.5. Medical Risk

10.2. Miscarriage

10.2.1. Definition and Epidemiology
10.2.2. Main Causes of Miscarriage
10.2.3. Clinical Forms of Abortion

10.2.3.1. Threat of Abortion
10.2.3.2. Abortion in Progress
10.2.3.3. Complete Abortion
10.2.3.4. Incomplete Abortion
10.2.3.5. Deferred Abortion
10.2.3.6. Repeated Abortions: Concept and Approach

10.2.4. Diagnosis

10.2.4.1. Medical History
10.2.4.2. Physical Examination
10.2.4.3. Ultrasound
10.2.4.4. Determination of B-hCG

10.2.5. Treatment of Spontaneous Abortion

10.2.5.1. Medical Treatment
10.2.5.2. Surgical Management

10.2.6. Complications

10.2.6.1. Sepsis or Septic Abortion
10.2.6.2. Hemorrhage and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)

10.2.7. Postabortion Care

10.3. Ectopic or Extrauterine Pregnancy

10.3.1. Definition and Risk Factors
10.3.2. Clinical Symptoms
10.3.3. Clinical and Ultrasound Diagnosis
10.3.4. Types of Extrauterine Gestation: Tubal, Ovarian, Abdominal, etc
10.3.5. Therapeutic Management and Aftercare

10.4. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

10.4.1. Concept
10.4.2. Clinical forms of Hydatidiform Mole

10.4.2.1. Partial Mole
10.4.2.2. Complete Mole

10.4.3. Clinical forms of Trophoblastic Neoplasia

10.4.3.1. Invasive Mole and Placental Bed Tumor
10.4.3.2. Choriocarcinoma

10.4.4. Clinical and Ultrasound Diagnosis
10.4.5. Treatment
10.4.6. Aftercare and Complications

10.5. Congenital fetal defects due to genetic causes

10.5.1. Types of Chromosome Abnormalities

10.5.1.1. Aneuploidies
10.5.1.2. Structural Abnormalities
10.5.1.3. Sexrelated Disorders

10.5.2. Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques. Inclusion Criteria

10.5.2.1. Invasive Techniques
10.5.2.2. Non-Invasive Techniques
10.5.3. Genetic Counseling

10.6. Congenital Fetal Defects Secondary to Infections: TORCH.I

10.6.1. Toxoplasma

10.6.1.1. Etiologic Agent, Clinic and Epidemiology
10.6.1.2. Prevention
10.6.1.3. Diagnosis
10.6.1.4. Treatment
10.6.1.5. Congenital Toxoplasma Infection

10.6.2. Rubella

10.6.2.1. Etiologic Agent, Clinic and Epidemiology
10.6.2.2. Prevention and Vaccination
10.6.2.3. Diagnosis
10.6.2.4. Treatment
10.6.2.5. Congenital rubella infection

10.7. Congenital Fetal Defects Secondary to Infections: TORCH.II

10.7.1. Cytomegalovirus

10.7.1.1. Etiologic Agent, Clinic and Epidemiology
10.7.1.2. Prevention
10.7.1.3. Diagnosis
10.7.1.4. Treatment
10.7.1.5. Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection

10.7.2. Chickenpox

10.7.2.1. Etiologic Agent, Clinic and Epidemiology
10.7.2.2. Prevention and Vaccination
10.7.2.3. Diagnosis
10.7.2.4. Treatment
10.7.2.5. Congenital Chickenpox Infection
10.7.2.6. Chickenpox Complications in Mothers

10.8. Congenital Fetal Defects Secondary to Infections: TORCH.III

10.8.1. Herpes Simplex Virus

10.8.1.1. Etiologic Agent, Clinic and Epidemiology
10.8.1.2. Prevention
10.8.1.3. Diagnosis
10.8.1.4. Treatment
10.8.1.5. Congenital Herpes Simplex Infection

10.8.2. Syphilis

10.8.2.1. Etiologic Agent, Clinic and Epidemiology
10.8.2.2. Prevention
10.8.2.3. Diagnosis
10.8.2.4. Treatment
10.8.2.5. Congenital syphilis

10.9. Other Infections that cause Fetal Problems

10.9.1. Parvovirus B19

10.9.1.1. Etiologic Agent, Clinic and Epidemiology
10.9.1.2. Prevention
10.9.1.3. Diagnosis
10.9.1.4. Treatment
10.9.1.5. Congenital parvovirus Infection

10.9.2. Listeria

10.9.2.1. Etiologic Agent, Clinic and Epidemiology
10.9.2.2. Prevention and Vaccination
10.9.2.3. Diagnosis
10.9.2.4. Treatment
10.9.2.5. Congenital Listeria Infection

10.10. HIV and Gestation

10.10.1. Epidemiology
10.10.2. Gestational Screening and Diagnosis
10.10.3. Clinical Management and Treatment
10.10.4. Delivery of an HIV-positive Woman
10.10.5. Neonatal Care and Vertical Infection

Module 11. Pregnant Woman with Pathology derived from the Digestive System

11.1. Neurovegetative Disorders:

11.1.1. Appetite Disorders
11.1.2. Sialorrhea
11.1.3. Nausea and Vomiting

11.2. Hyperemesis Gravidarum:

11.2.1. Concept
11.2.2. Etiopathogenesis
11.2.3. Clinical Manifestations
11.2.4. Diagnosis
11.2.5. Treatment and Care

11.3. Mouth Conditions

11.3.1. Cavities During Pregnancy
11.3.2. Epulis Gravidarum
11.3.3. Gingivitis
11.3.4. Perimylolysis
11.3.5. Xerostomia

11.4. Pyrosis and Peptic Ulcers in Pregnant Women

11.4.1. Concept
11.4.2. Effect of Pregnancy on Heartburn and Peptic Ulcers
11.4.3. Treatment and Hygienic Precautions

11.5. Constipation in Pregnancy

11.5.1. Definition: ROMA criteria
11.5.2. Etiology
11.5.3. Diagnosis
11.5.4. Treatment

11.5.4.1. Non-Pharmacological Treatment
11.5.4.2. Medical treatment

11.6. Inflammatory Bowel Disease

11.6.1. Crohn’s Disease

11.6.1.1. Preconception Counseling
11.6.1.2. Impact of Gestation on the Disease
11.6.1.3. Diagnosis during Pregnancy
11.6.1.4. Treatment

11.6.2. Ulcerative Colitis

11.6.2.1. Preconception Counseling
11.6.2.2. Impact of Gestation on the Disease
11.6.2.3. Diagnosis during Pregnancy
11.6.2.4. Treatment

11.7. Appendicitis and Intestinal Obstruction

11.7.1. Acute Appendicitis

11.7.1.1. Concept
11.7.1.2. Special Diagnostic Considerations in Pregnancy
11.7.1.3. Treatment

11.7.2. Intestinal Obstruction

11.7.2.1. Concept
11.7.2.2. Special Diagnostic Considerations in Pregnancy
11.7.2.3. Treatment

11.8. Gallbladder and Liver Pathologies

11.8.1. Cholecystitis

11.8.1.1. Special Considerations and Management in Gestation

11.8.2. Colelitiasis

11.8.2.1. Special Considerations and Management in Gestation

11.8.3. Fatty Liver or Acute Hepatic Degeneration:

11.8.3.1. Definition and Aetiology
11.8.3.2. Clinical Symptoms
11.8.3.3. Diagnosis
11.8.3.4. Treatment

11.9. Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

11.9.1. Concept
11.9.2. Clinical Symptoms
11.9.3. Diagnosis
11.9.4. Treatment
11.9.5. Fetal Impact and Prognosis

11.10. Chronic viral hepatitis and Gestation

11.10.1. Hepatitis B

11.10.1.1. Epidemiology
11.10.1.2. Diagnosis and Screening
11.10.1.3. Clinical Management
11.10.1.4. Delivery of an HIV-positive Woman
11.10.1.5. Neonatal Care and Vertical Infection

11.10.2. Hepatitis C:

11.10.2.1. Epidemiology
11.10.2.2. Diagnosis and Screening
11.10.2.3. Clinical Management
11.10.2.4. Delivery of an HIV-positive Woman
11.10.2.5. Neonatal Care and Vertical Infection

11.11. Pancreas

11.11.1. Acute Pancreatitis in Pregnancy

11.11.1.1. Definition and Risk Factors
11.11.1.2. Clinical Symptoms
11.11.1.3. Treatment

Module 12. Pregnant with Hematological and Cardiac Problems

12.1. Gestational Anemia

12.1.1. Concept
12.1.2. Etiopathogenesis and the Effect on the Fetus
12.1.3. Types of Anemias

12.1.3.1. Microcytic Anemia
12.1.3.2. Normocytic Anemia
12.1.3.3. Macrocytic Anemia

12.1.4. Treatment and Prophylaxis
12.1.5. Other Forms of Anemia

12.1.5.1. Faciform or Sickle Cell Anemia
12.1.5.2. Thalassemia

12.2. Thrombocytopenia

12.2.1. Essential Trombopenia in Pegnancy

12.2.1.1. Causes and Incidence
12.2.1.2. Diagnosis
12.2.1.3. Obstetric Behavior

12.2.2. Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

12.2.2.1. Causes and Incidence
12.2.2.2. Diagnosis
12.2.2.3. Obstetric Behavior

12.2.3. Alloimmune Neonatal Thrombopenia

12.2.3.1. Causes and Incidence
12.2.3.2. Diagnosis
12.2.3.3. Obstetric Behavior

12.2.4. Thrombopenia Associated with Hypertensive States of Pregnancy
12.2.5. Therapeutic Management of Thrombopenias in Pregnancy
12.2.6. Therapeutic Management of the Newborn of a Mother with Thrombopenia

12.3. Coagulation Problems

12.3.1. Von Willebrand Disease

12.3.1.1. Definition and Epidemiology
12.3.1.2. Considerations in Childbirth

12.3.2. Hemophilia

12.3.2.1. Definition and Epidemiology
12.3.2.2. Types

12.3.2.2.1. Hemophilia A
12.3.2.2.2. Hemophilia B

12.3.2.3. Chromosomal Inheritance Patterns of Hemophilia
12.3.2.4. Considerations in Childbirth

12.4. Varicose Syndrome

12.4.1. Definition and Pathophysiology
12.4.2. Clinical Symptoms
12.4.3. Diagnosis
12.4.4. Hemorrhoids
12.4.5. Vulvar Varicose Veins

12.5. Perinatal Hemolytic Disease

12.5.1. Concept
12.5.2. Pathophysiology
12.5.3. Rh Isoimmunization
12.5.4. ABO Isoimmunization

12.6. Thromboembolic Disease in Pregnancy and Puerperium: Deep vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Thromboembolism

12.6.1. Aetiopathogenesis and Risk Factors
12.6.2. Treatment

12.7. Gestational Heart Disease. Cardiac Exploration in Pregnancy

12.7.1. Cardiac Modification in Pregnancy
12.7.2. Epidemiology of Cardiac Pathology in Pregnancy
12.7.3. Risk Classification of Gestational Heart Disease during pregnancy
12.7.4. Preconception Counseling for Pregnant Women with Heart Disease
12.7.5. Situations that Hinder Gestation
12.7.6. Management and Choice of Delivery Method

12.8. Pregnant Women with Valvular Heart Disease

12.8.1. Mitral Senosis
12.8.2. Aortic Stenosis
12.8.3. Mitral Insufficiency
12.8.4. Aortic Insufficiency
12.8.5. Tricuspid insufficiency
12.8.6. Valve Prosthesis

12.9. Arrhythmias in Pregnancy

12.9.1. Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia
12.9.2. Atrial Fibrillation
12.9.3. Ventricular Arrhythmias
12.9.4. Bradyarrhythmias

12.10. Pregnant Women with Congenital Cardiac Pathology

12.10.1. Tetralogy of Fallot
12.10.2. Coarctation of Aorta
12.10.3. Marfan Syndrome
12.10.4. Single Ventricle
12.10.5. Fontan
12.10.6. Pregnant Women with Cardiac Transplants

Module 13. Pregnant with neurological, musculoskeletal, dermatological and autoimmune problems

13.1. Epilepsy

13.1.1. Management and Treatment Compatible with Gestation: Preconception Counseling
13.1.2. Effects of Epilepsy on Pregnancy
13.1.3. Effects of Pregnancy on Epilepsy
13.1.4. Crisis Management during Childbirth
13.1.5. Newborns of Epileptic Mothers: Malformations and Congenital Anomalies

13.2. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

13.2.1. Effects of MS on Pregnancy
13.2.2. Effects of Pregnancy on MS
13.2.3. Clinical Management during Gestation and Pharmacotherapy
13.2.4. Clinical Management during Labor
13.2.5. The Postpartum Period in Women with Multiple Sclerosis

13.3. Peripheral Neuropathies

13.3.1. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
13.3.2. Radiculopathies: Lumbalgias and Sciatalgias
13.3.3. Herniated Disc
13.3.4. Bell’s Palsy
13.3.5. Meralgia Paresthetica
13.3.6. Cyphoscoliosis

13.4. Spinal Cord Injuries

13.4.1. Clinical Management of Women with a Spinal Cord Injury during Pregnancy
13.4.2. Clinical Management during Labor. Epidural Analgesia
13.4.3. Specific Considerations during the Postpartum Period

13.5. Other Neurological Pathologies present during Gestation

13.5.1. Migraine and headaches
13.5.2. Guillén-Barré syndrome
13.5.3. Myasthenia Gravis
13.5.4. Cerebrovascular Diseases
13.5.5. Brain Neoplasms

13.6. Dermatological Problems during Pregnancy

13.6.1. Dermatological Changes during Pregnancy

13.6.1.1. Stretch Marks
13.6.1.2. Pregnancy Hyperpigmentation: Melasma Gravidarum and Nevus

13.6.2. Vascular Changes

13.6.2.1. Spider Veins
13.6.2.2. Palmar Erythema
13.6.2.3. Haemangiomas

13.7. Specific Dermatopathologies of Pregnancy

13.7.1. Herpes Gestationis

13.7.1.1. Clinical Symptoms
13.7.7.2. Diagnosis
13.7.1.3. Differential Diagnosis
13.7.1.4. Prognosis
13.7.1.5. Treatment

13.7.2. Impetigo Herpetiformis

13.7.2.1. Clinical Symptoms
13.7.2.2. Diagnosis
13.7.2.3. Differential Diagnosis
13.7.2.4. Prognosis
13.7.2.5. Treatment

13.7.3. Gestational Prurigo

13.7.3.1. Clinical Symptoms
13.7.3.2. Diagnosis
13.7.3.3. Differential Diagnosis
13.7.3.4. Prognosis
13.7.3.5. Treatment

13.7.4. Papular Dermatosis of Pregnancy

13.7.4.1. Clinical Symptoms
13.7.4.2. Diagnosis
13.7.4.3. Differential Diagnosis
13.7.4.4. Prognosis
13.7.4.5. Treatment

13.7.5. Polymorphous Rash in Pregnancy

13.7.5.1. Clinical Symptoms
13.7.5.2. Diagnosis
13.7.5.3. Differential Diagnosis
13.7.5.4. Prognosis
13.7.5.5. Treatment

13.8. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Pregnancy

13.8.1. Preconception Check-up
13.8.2. Gestation control

13.8.2.1. First Trimester
13.8.2.2. Second Trimester
13.8.2.3. Third Trimester

13.8.3. Childbirth and Postpartum

13.9. Antiphospholipid Syndrome (APS)

13.9.1. Concept
13.9.2. Pregestational Monitoring of Women with APS
13.9.3. Gestational control of the woman with PAS
13.9.4. Treatment
13.9.5. Childbirth and Postpartum

13.10. Rheumatoid Arthritis

13.10.1. Concept
13.10.2. How Rheumatoid Arthritis affects Gestation
13.10.3. How Gestation affects Rheumatoid Arthritis
13.10.4. Treatment

Module 14. Pregnant with Respiratory and Urological/Renal Problems. Tropical and Subtropical Diseases

14.1. Bronquial Asthma

14.1.1. Concept
14.1.2. Course of bronchial asthma during pregnancy
14.1.3. Treatment
14.1.4. Asthmatic Crisis and Clinical Management
14.1.5. Observations in the delivery of a pregnant woman with bronchial asthma

14.2. Community-acquired Pneumonia and Aspiration Pneumonia

14.2.1. Etiology
14.2.2. Treatment
14.2.3. Specific Factors during Gestation
14.2.4. Newborn from a Mother with Pneumonia

14.3. Influenza

14.3.1. Etiology
14.3.2. Prevention
14.3.3. Pregnancy Issues
14.3.4. Treatment
14.3.5. Criteria for Hospitalization
14.3.6. Newborn from a Mother with flu

14.4. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria

14.4.1. Concept
14.4.2. Etiology
14.4.3. Diagnostic Criteria
14.4.4. Treatment

14.5. Acute Cystitis and Urethral Syndrome

14.5.1. Concept
14.5.2. Etiology
14.5.3. Diagnostic Criteria
14.5.4. Treatment
14.5.5. Monitoring

14.6. Acute Pyelonephritis

14.6.1. Concept
14.6.2. Clinical Symptoms
14.6.3. Diagnosis
14.6.4. Treatment
14.6.5. Admission and Discharge Criteria
14.6.6. Complications

14.7. Obstructive Uropathy

14.7.1. Concept
14.7.2. Clinical Symptoms
14.7.3. Exploration and Specialized Tests
14.7.4. Diagnosis
14.7.5. Treatment
14.7.6. Complications

14.8. Renal Transplantation and Gestation

14.8.1. Effects of Transplantation on Pregnancy
14.8.2. Effects of Pregnancy on Transplants
14.8.3. Considerations during Labor, Postpartum and Lactation

14.9. Tropical and Subtropical Diseases I

14.9.1. Zika

14.9.1.1. Epidemiology
14.9.1.2. Transmission
14.9.1.3. Clinical Symptoms
14.9.1.4. Diagnosis
14.9.1.5. Fetal impact and congenital Zika infection
14.9.1.6. Treatment and Prevention

14.9.2. Ebola

14.9.2.1. Epidemiology
14.9.2.2. Transmission
14.9.2.3. Clinical Symptoms
14.9.2.4. Diagnosis
14.9.2.5. Effects on the Fetus
14.9.2.6. Treatment and Prevention

14.9.3. Chagas Disease

14.9.3.1. Epidemiology
14.9.3.2. Transmission
14.9.3.3. Clinical Symptoms
14.9.3.4. Diagnosis
14.9.3.5. Effects on the Fetus
14.9.3.6. Treatment and Prevention

14.10. Tropical and Subtropical Diseases II

14.10.1. Dengue

14.10.1.1. Epidemiology
14.10.1.2. Transmission
14.10.1.3. Clinical Symptoms
14.10.1.4. Diagnosis
14.10.1.5. Effects on the Fetus
14.10.1.6. Treatment and Prevention

14.10.2. Malaria

14.10.2.1. Epidemiology
14.10.2.2. Transmission
14.10.2.3. Clinical Symptoms
14.10.2.4. Diagnosis
14.10.2.5. Effects on the Fetus
14.10.2.6. Treatment and Prevention

14.10.3. Chikungunya

14.10.3.1. Epidemiology
14.10.3.2. Transmission
14.10.3.3. Clinical Symptoms
14.10.3.4. Diagnosis
14.10.3.5. Effects on the Fetus
14.10.3.6. Treatment and Prevention

Module 15. Pathology of Fetal Growth and Gestational Duration. Premature Labor and Multiple Gestation. Pulmonary and Neurological Maturity

15.1. Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IGR)

15.1.1. Concept
15.1.2. Pathogenesis and Etiological Factors
15.1.3. Prediction
15.1.4. Diagnosis and Classification
15.1.5. Differential diagnosis with small-for-gestational-age fetus (SGAF)
15.1.6. Treatment and Completion of the Gestation

15.2. Fetal Macrosomia

15.2.1. Concept
15.2.2. Risk Factors
15.2.3. Obstetric Follow-up and Control
15.2.4. Completion of pregnancy
15.2.5. Maternal and Fetal Complications

15.3. Chronologically Prolonged Gestation

15.3.1. Concept
15.3.2. Etiology and Prevention
15.3.3. Fetal Complications
15.3.4. Obstetric Behavior
15.3.5. Induction in Week 41 Vs. Week 42

15.4. Premature birth

15.4.1. Threat of Premature Delivery

15.4.1.1. Definition and Risk Factors
15.4.1.2. Diagnosis: Ultrasound and Fibronectin test
15.4.1.3. Obstetric management and tocolytic treatment

15.4.2. Route of delivery in premature fetus and specific considerations

15.5. Cervical incompetence and cerclage

15.5.1. Cervical incompetence concept
15.5.2. Signs of Cervical Cerclage
15.5.3. Cerclage Techniques
15.5.4. Pre- and Post-cerclage Considerations
15.5.5. Complications
15.5.6. Cerclage Removal

15.6. Suspected Chorioamnionitis and Clinical Chorioamnionitis

15.6.1. Definition of Chorioamnionitis
15.6.2. Criteria for Suspecting Chorioamnionitis
15.6.3. Diagnosis
15.6.4. Treatment
15.6.5. Specific Considerations in Childbirth

15.7. Multiple Gestation

15.7.1. Concept and Classification
15.7.2. Fetal and Maternal Complications
15.7.3. Diagnosis and Determination of Chorionicity
15.7.4. Prenatal Diagnosis and Screening of Chromosomopathies
15.7.5. Gestational Screening
15.7.6. End of Gestation and Delivery Route

15.8. Feto-Fetal Transfusion Syndrome

15.8.1. Definition and Pathophysiology
15.8.2. Diagnostic Criteria
15.8.3. Differential Diagnosis
15.8.4. Treatment

15.8.4.1. Technique of Laser Photocoagulation of Vascular Communications
15.8.4.2. Subsequent monitoring

15.9. Corticosteroid Therapy to Accelerate Fetal Lung Maturation

15.9.1. Concept
15.9.2. Indications
15.9.3. Contraindications
15.9.4. Dosages
15.9.5. Specific Factors according to Gestational Age
15.9.6. Special Situations

15.10. Magnesium Sulfate as a Fetal Neuroprotector

15.10.1. Concept
15.10.2. Indications
15.10.3. Contraindications
15.10.4. Drug Administration and Monitoring
15.10.5. Concomitant use of Tocolytics in suspected Preterm Labor
15.10.6. Side Effects

Module 16. Pathology of the Placenta and Fetal Appendages. Obstetric Accidents

16.1. Placenta Accrete

16.1.1. Definition and Forms of Placenta Accrete

16.1.1.1. Placenta Accreta
16.1.1.2. Placenta Increta
16.1.1.3. Placenta Percreta

16.1.2. Risk Factors
16.1.3. Morbimortality
16.1.4. Diagnosis
16.1.5. Clinical Management and Delivery of Pregnant Women with Placental Accreta

16.2. Placenta Previa

16.2.1. Concept
16.2.2. Classification
16.2.3. Risk Factors
16.2.4. Morbimortality
16.2.5. Diagnosis
16.2.6. Management of gestation and delivery of the pregnant woman with placenta previa

16.3. Placental Morphological and Functional Abnormalities

16.3.1. Size Alterations
16.3.2. Morphological Changes

16.3.2.1. Bilobed Placenta
16.3.2.2. Circumvallate Placenta
16.3.2.3. Placenta Succenturiata
16.3.2.4. Espuria

16.3.3. Placental Insufficiency

16.4. Umbilical Cord Anomalies

16.4.1. Variants of Umbilical Cord Length and its Complications: Knots
16.4.2. Umbilical Cord Anomalies in relation to Appearance

16.4.2.1. Procubitus
16.4.2.2. Laterocidence
16.4.2.3. Prolapses

16.4.2.3.1 Causes
16.4.2.3.2 Action to be taken in case of Cord Prolapse

16.4.3. Placental Insertion Abnormalities

16.4.3.1. Velamentous Insertion
16.4.3.2. Marginal Insertion
16.4.3.3. Previous Vasa

16.4.4. Vascular Anomalies

16.4.4.1. Thrombosis
16.4.4.2. Hematomas
16.4.4.3. The Single Umbilical Artery

16.5. Alterations of the Amniotic Membranes

16.5.1. Amnion Nodosum
16.5.2. Amniotic Bands
16.5.3. Extramembranous Pregnancy
16.5.4. Premature rupture of membranes and chorioamnionitis

16.6. Abnormalities of amniotic fluid

16.6.1. Default: Oligohydramnios and Anhydramnios

16.6.1.1. Concept and Epidemiology
16.6.1.2. Etiological Factors
16.6.1.3. Diagnosis
16.6.1.4. Effects on the Fetus and Neonate
16.6.1.5. Clinical Management and Treatment

16.6.2. In Excess: Polyhydramnios

16.6.2.1. Concept and Epidemiology
16.6.2.2. Etiological Factors
16.6.2.3. Diagnosis
16.6.2.4. Effects on the Fetus and Neonate
16.6.2.5. Clinical Management and Treatment. Delivery Assistance

16.7. Uterine Rupture

16.7.1. Concept
16.7.2. Types
16.7.3. Risk Factors
16.7.4. Clinical Diagnosis
16.7.5. Treatment

16.8. Premature Detachment of a Normally Positioned Placenta

16.8.1. Concept
16.8.2. Risk Factors
16.8.3. Clinical Diagnosis
16.8.4. Clinical Management

16.9. Amniotic Fluid Embolism

16.9.1. Concept
16.9.2. Risk Factors
16.9.3. Pathophysiology
16.9.4. Clinical Symptoms
16.9.5. Diagnosis and Treatment

16.10. Shoulder Dystocia

16.10.1. Concept
16.10.2. Risk Factors
16.10.3. Diagnosis
16.10.4. Delivery Method case of Placental Abruption

16.10.4.1. Primary Level Techniques
16.10.4.2. Secondary Level Techniques
16.10.4.3. Tertiary Level Techniques

16.10.5. Postnatal Care and Assessment

Module 17. Endocrine Problems during Pregnancy. Gynecologic Cancer and Pregnancy. Hypertensive States of Pregnancy

17.1. Thyroid Pathology and Gestation

17.1.1. hypothyroidism

17.1.1.1. Diagnosis
17.1.1.2. Clinical Symptoms
17.1.1.3. Etiology
17.1.1.4. Clinical Management

17.1.2. Hyperthyroidism and Thyrotoxicosis

17.1.2.1. Diagnosis
17.1.2.2. Clinical Symptoms
17.1.2.3. Etiology
17.1.2.4. Clinical Management

17.1.3. Treatment during Gestation
17.1.4. Effects on the Fetus

17.2. Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy

17.2.1. Pregestational Management
17.2.2. Gestational Screening
17.2.3. Criteria for the Termination of Pregnancy
17.2.4. Considerations during Labor
17.2.5. Newborn from a Mother with Diabetes Mellitus

17.3. Gestational Diabetes

17.3.1. Concept
17.3.2. Risk Factors
17.3.3. Diagnosis and Screening Protocol
17.3.4. Gestational Screening
17.3.5. Criteria for the Termination of Pregnancy
17.3.6. Clinical Management during Labor and Post-partum
17.3.7. Newborn from a Mother with Gestational Diabetes

17.4. Obesity and Pregnancy

17.4.1. Definition and Classification of Obesity
17.4.2. Impact of Obesity on Gestation
17.4.3. repercussion of Gestation on Obesity
17.4.4. Obese Women and the Postpartum Period

17.5. Breast Cancer and Pregnancy

17.5.1. Concept and Epidemiology
17.5.2. Diagnosis
17.5.3. Treatment
17.5.4. Prognosis

17.6. Cervical Cancer and Pregnancy

17.6.1. Concept and Epidemiology
17.6.2. Cytology in Gestation
17.6.3. Colposcopy in Gestation
17.6.4. Diagnosis and Treatment

17.7. Ovarian Cancer and Pregnancy

17.7.1. Concept and Epidemiology
17.7.2. Clinical Symptoms
17.7.3. Diagnosis
17.7.4. Treatment

17.8. Pregnancy Hypertensive States I

17.8.1. Concept
17.8.2. Classification of Hypertension in Pregnancy
17.8.3. Determination of the Degree of Severity
17.8.4. Prediction and Prevention
17.8.5. Treatment and Clinical Management
17.8.6. Criteria for the Termination of Pregnancy

17.9. Pregnancy Hypertensive states II

17.9.1. Eclampsia

17.9.1.1. Diagnosis
17.9.1.2. Clinical Management and Treatment

17.9.2. Hellp’s Syndrome

17.9.2.1. Diagnosis
17.9.2.2. Clinical Management and Treatment

17.9.3. Subsequent Follow-up of Pregnant Women with Hypertension Problems

17.10. Antepartum Fetal Death

17.10.1. Concept
17.10.2. Classification
17.10.3. Etiological Factors
17.10.4. Diagnosis
17.10.5. Clinical and Psychological Management
17.10.6. Follow-up Genetic Counseling

Module 18. Pathology of Puerperium. Psychological Issues during the Postpartum Period. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pregnant Women and Neonates. Legal Termination of Pregnancy

18.1. Postpartum Infection

18.1.1. Concept and Etiology
18.1.2. Risk Factors
18.1.3. Forms of Propagation
18.1.4. Clinical Forms
18.1.5. Clinical Symptoms
18.1.6. Treatment and Prophylaxis

18.2. Postpartum Hemorrhage

18.2.1. Concept
18.2.2. Etiology

18.2.2.1. Uterine Tone
18.2.2.2. Obstetric Trauma and Uterine Inversion
18.2.2.3. Fabric
18.2.2.4. Coagulation Problems

18.2.3. Treatment

18.3. Main problems in breastfeeding I

18.3.1. Cracked Nipples
18.3.2. Mammary Ingurgitation and Obstruction
18.3.3. Eczema and Candidiasis of the Nipple
18.3.4. Hypogalactia

18.4. Main problems in breastfeeding II

18.4.1. Acute Mastitis

18.4.1.1. Definition, Etiology and Clinical Manifestations
18.4.1.2. Prevention
18.4.1.3. Treatment
18.4.1.4. Complications

18.5. Psychological Issues during the Postpartum Period

18.5.1. Maternity Blues or Postpartum Depression
18.5.2. Postpartum Depression

18.5.2.1. Concept
18.5.2.2. Risk Factors
18.5.2.3. Prevention
18.5.2.4. Treatment

18.5.3. Puerperal Psychosis

18.5.3.1. Concept
18.5.3.2. Risk Factors
18.5.3.3. Prevention
18.5.3.4. Treatment

18.6. Perinatal Bereavement

18.6.1. Concept
18.6.2. Clinical Manifestations
18.6.3. Types of Grief
18.6.4. Phases of Perinatal Bereavement
18.6.5. Psychological Handling

18.7. Postdural Puncture Headache

18.7.1. Concept
18.7.2. Differential Diagnosis
18.7.3. Treatment and Prophylaxis
18.7.4. Complications

18.8. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Pregnant Women

18.8.1. Main Causes of Cardio-Respiratory Arrest in Pregnant Women
18.8.2. Algorithm for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
18.8.3. Pregnancy-specific Considerations
18.8.4. Fetal Extraction

18.9. Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

18.9.1. Main Causes of Cardio-Respiratory in Neonates
18.9.2. Algorithm for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
18.9.3. Neuroprotection and Hypothermia in Infants

18.9.3.1. Definition and Mechanism of Action of Hypothermia
18.9.3.2. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
18.9.3.3. Treatment Phases and Cooling
18.9.3.4. Limitation of Therapeutic Exercise in Newborns with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy

18.10. Legal Termination of Pregnancy

18.10.1. Concept
18.10.2. Legislative Framework
18.10.3. Methods Dependent on the Number of Weeks of Gestation
18.10.4. Feticide

Module 19. Non-obstetric Pathologies during Pregnancy

19.1. Respiratory System Diseases

19.1.1. Physiological Changes in the Pregnant Woman
19.1.2. Pathology in Pregnant Women

19.2. Hematologic and Circulatory Abnormalities

19.2.1. Physiological Changes in the Pregnant Woman
19.2.2. Anemias

19.2.2.1. Microcytes
19.2.2.2. Normocytes
19.2.2.3. Macrocytes
19.2.2.4. Rare

19.2.3. Plateletopenia/Thrombocytopenia
19.2.4. Von Willebrand Disease
19.2.5. Circulatory Disorders

19.2.5.1. Antiphospholipid Syndrome
19.2.5.2. Hereditary Thrombophilias
19.2.5.3. Varicose Veins
19.2.5.4. Deep Vein Thrombosis
19.2.5.5. Pulmonary Embolism

19.3. Heart Disease and Pregnancy

19.3.1. Physiological Changes in the Pregnant Woman
19.3.2. Risk Classification in Pregnant Women with Heart Disease
19.3.3. Management of Heart Disease During Pregnancy
19.3.4. Management of Heart Disease in Childbirth
19.3.5. Management of Postpartum Heart Disease

19.4. Diseases the Urinary System

19.4.1. Physiological Changes in the Pregnant Woman
19.4.2. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
19.4.3. Cystitis
19.4.4. Acute Pyelonephritis
19.4.5. Obstructive Uropathy (Urolithiasis)

19.5. Skin Disorders

19.5.1. Physiological Changes in the Pregnant Woman
19.5.2. Pregnancy-Specific Dermatoses

19.5.2.1. Gestational Herpes or Pengyphoid Herpes in Pregnancy
19.5.2.2. Polymorphous Rash in Pregnancy
19.5.2.3. Gestational Prurigo
19.5.2.4. Pruritic Folliculitis in Pregnancy

19.5.3. Impetigo Herpetiformis
19.5.4. Differential Diagnosis of Pruritus during Pregnancy

19.6. Endocrine System Diseases

19.6.1. Physiological Changes in the Pregnant Woman
19.6.2. Diabetes

19.6.2.1. Types of Diabetes
19.6.2.2. Hypoglycemia/Hyperglycemia
19.6.2.3. Diabetic Ketosis
19.6.2.4. Chronic Metabolic Complications

19.6.3. Thyroid Disorders

19.6.3.1. Hypothyroidism and Pregnancy
19.6.3.2. Hyperthyroidism and Pregnancy
19.6.3.3. Thyrotoxic Crisis

19.6.4. Adrenal Gland Disorders

19.6.4.1. Pheochromocytoma

19.7. Digestive System Diseases

19.7.1. Physiological Changes in the Pregnant Woman
19.7.2. Pathology in Pregnant Women

19.8. Nervous System Diseases

19.8.1. Headaches and Migraines
19.8.2. Bell’s Palsy
19.8.3. Epilepsy
19.8.4. CVA
19.8.5. Autonomous Dysreflexia

19.9. Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases during Pregnancy

19.9.1. Physiological Changes in the Pregnant Woman
19.9.2. Pathology in Pregnant Women

19.10. Psychiatric Disorders during Pregnancy

19.10.1. Physiological Changes in the Pregnant Woman
19.10.2. Pathology in Pregnant Women

Module 20. Infections During Pregnancy

20.1. Fever in Pregnant Women

20.1.1. Fever, fever of short evolution, long evolution, fever of unknown origin, bacterial, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis
20.1.2. Possible Causes of Fever in Pregnant woman
20.1.3. Differential Diagnosis

20.2. Acute Gastroenteritis

20.2.1. Types of Gastroenteritis
20.2.2. Clinical Symptoms
20.2.3. Diagnosis
20.2.4. Treatment during Pregnancy

20.3. Bartholinitis

20.3.1. Diagnosis
20.3.2. Risk Factors
20.3.3. Treatment

20.4. Vulvovaginitis

20.4.1. Bacterial Vaginosis
20.4.2. Candidiasis

20.5. Sexually Transmitted Diseases Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases

20.5.1. Chlamydia
20.5.2. Gonorrhoea
20.5.3. Trichomoniasis
20.5.4. Syphilis

20.6. Viral sexually transmitted diseases

20.6.1. HIV
20.6.2. Genital Herpes

20.7. Tropical Diseases

20.7.1. Trypanosomiasis or Chagas Disease
20.7.2. Zika
20.7.3. Dengue
20.7.4. Malaria
20.7.5. Cholera
20.7.6. Leishmaniasis

20.8. Toxoplasmosis and Cytomegalovirus

20.8.1. Toxoplasmosis
20.8.2. Cytomegalovirus

20.9. Epstein Barr Virus, Parvovirus B19, Listeriosis

20.9.1. Epstein Barr Virus
20.9.2. Parvovirus B19
20.9.3. Listeriosis

20.10. Rubella, Chickenpox and Measles

20.10.1. Rubella
20.10.2. Chickenpox
20.10.3. Measles

Module 21. Obstetric Emergencies in the First Trimester

21.1. Hyperemesis Gravidarum:

21.1.1. Etiology and Risk Factors
21.1.2. Clinical Symptoms
21.1.3. Diagnosis
21.1.4. Treatment. Importance of Nutrition

21.2. Abdominal-Pelvic Pain in Pregnant Women

21.2.1. Etiology
21.2.2. Importance of Differential Diagnosis
21.2.3. Complementary Tests

21.3. Metrorrhagia in the First Half of Pregnancy

21.3.1. Threat of Abortion
21.3.2. Intrauterine Hematomas: Retroplacental, Subchorionic, Subamniotic and Supracervical

21.4. Abortion

21.4.1. Types
21.4.2. Etiology and Risk Factors
21.4.3. Diagnosis

21.5. Abortion Treatment and Complications

21.5.1. Treatment
21.5.2. Complications

21.6. Repeat Abortion and Psychoemotional Aspects

21.6.1. Repeat Abortion
21.6.2. Psychoemotional Aspects

21.7. Voluntary Termination of Pregnancy (VTP)

21.7.1. Introduction
21.7.2. Legal Assumptions of VTP
21.7.3. Treatment
21.7.4. Complications
21.7.5. Selective Fetal Reduction or Discontinuation

21.8. Ectopic Pregnancy

21.8.1. Uncertain Location Pregnancy
21.8.2. Types of Ectopic Pregnancy
21.8.3. Etiology and Risk Factors
21.8.4. Diagnosis
21.8.5. Treatment

21.9. Trophoblastic Disease

21.9.1. Hydatidiform Mole
21.9.2. Gestational Trophoblastic Tumor

21.10. HPV and Cervical Cancer in Pregnancy

21.10.1. Screening during Gestation
21.10.2. Treatment

Module 22. Obstetric Emergencies in the Second and Third Trimester

22.1. Threat of Premature Delivery

22.1.1. Etiology and Risk Factors
22.1.2. Clinical Symptoms
22.1.3. Diagnosis
22.1.4. Treatment

22.2. Premature Rupture of Membranes

22.2.1. Etiology and Risk Factors
22.2.2. Diagnosis
22.2.3. Treatment

22.3. Chorioamnionitis

22.3.1. Etiology and Risk Factors
22.3.2. Clinical Symptoms
22.3.3. Diagnosis
22.3.4. Treatment

22.4. Cervical Deficiency

22.4.1. Etiology and Risk Factors
22.4.2. Diagnosis
22.4.3. Treatment

22.5. Placenta Previa. Previous Vasa

22.5.1. Etiology and Risk Factors
22.5.2. Diagnosis
22.5.3. Treatment

22.6. Detachment of a Normally Positioned Placenta

22.6.1. Etiology and Risk Factors
22.6.2. Diagnosis
22.6.3. Treatment of Placental Abruption

22.7. Hepatopathy in Pregnancy

22.7.1. Intrahepatic Cholestasis
22.7.2. Fatty Liver

22.8. Hypertensive states of Pregnancy (EHE)

22.8.1. Classification
22.8.2. Etiology and Risk Factors
22.8.3. Diagnosis
22.8.4. Determination of the Degree of Severity

22.9. Preeclampsia in Pregnancy

22.9.1. Preeclampsia

22.10. Eclampsia and HELLP syndrome

22.10.1. Eclampsia
22.10.2. HELLP Syndrome

Module 23. Obstetric Emergencies during the Dilation Phase of Labor

23.1. Labour and Delivery

23.1.1. Prodromes of Labor
23.1.2. Delivery
23.1.3. Stages in the Birth Process
23.1.4. Admission Criteria

23.2. Analgesia during the Dilatation Period

23.2.1. Non-Pharmacological Pain Relief Methods
23.2.2. Pharmacological Pain Relief Methods
23.2.3. Complications

23.3. Methods of Monitoring Fetal Well-Being

23.3.1. External Fetal Monitoring
23.3.2. Internal Fetal Monitoring
23.3.3. Basic Parameters for the Interpretation of Cardiotocographic Recordings

23.4. Risk of Loss of Fetal Well-Being

23.4.1. Pathology Parameters for the Interpretation of Cardiotocographic Recordings
23.4.2. Interpretation of the Register according to Different Agencies
23.4.3. Other Complementary Tests
23.4.4. Intrauterine Fetal Resuscitation

23.5. Dystocia during Childbirth Maternal Causes Dynamic Dystocia

23.5.1. Dynamic Dystocia
23.5.2. Diagnosis of Non-Progression of Labor

23.6. Birth Canal Dystocia

23.6.1. Soft Canal Dystocia
23.6.2. Boned Canal Dystocia
23.6.3. Positioning during Delivery Fetal Descent

23.7. Labor Dystocias: Ovarian Causes

23.7.1. Umbilical Cord Knots
23.7.2. Umbilical Cord Circulars
23.7.3. Umbilical Cord Prolapse

23.8. Labor Dystocias: Ovarian Causes

23.8.1. Types of Podalic Presentation
23.8.2. Vaginal Breech Delivery
23.8.3. Complications

23.9. Labor Dystocias: Other Presentations

23.9.1. Anomalous Presentations: Face, Forehead, Chin
23.9.2. Anomalous Presentations: Oblique and Transverse Situations
23.9.3. Compound Presentations

23.10. Amniotic Fluid Embolism

23.10.1. Etiology and Risk Factors
23.10.2. Diagnosis
23.10.3. Performance

Module 24. Obstetric emergencies during labor: expulsion phase and childbirth

24.1. Shoulder Dystocia

24.1.1. Risk Factors
24.1.2. First, Second and Third Level Maneuvers
24.1.3. Effects on the Fetus

24.2. Instrumental Delivery

24.2.1. Types of Instrumental Delivery

24.3. Emergency Cesarean

24.3.1. Indication for Urgent Cesarean Section
24.3.2. Preparation of the Pregnant Woman for Urgent Caesarean Section
24.3.3. Analgesia in Emergency Cesarean Section

24.4. Special Situations during Delivery

24.4.1. Preterm Delivery
24.4.2. Twin Delivery

24.5. Hemorrhage associated with Childbirth and early Puerperium

24.5.1. Etiology and Risk Factors
24.5.2. Classification
24.5.3. Diagnosis and Quantification of Hemorrhage

24.6. Uterine Atony and Coagulation Disturbances in Hemorrhage Associated with Childbirth and Early Puerperium

24.6.1. Uterine Atony

24.6.1.1. Medical treatment
24.6.1.2. Surgical Management

24.6.2. Coagulation Alterations

24.7. Trauma to the Birth Canal

24.7.1. Cervico-Vaginal and Perineal Trauma

24.8. Retention of Placenta or Ovarian Adnexa

24.8.1. Retention of Placenta or Ovarian Adnexa

24.8.1.1. Diagnosis
24.8.1.2. Etiology and Risk Factors
24.8.1.3. Delivery Maneuvers
24.8.1.4. Performance and Treatment
24.8.1.5. Umbilical Cord Breakage

24.9. Placental Accreta and Uterine Inversion

24.9.1. Placenta Accrete

24.9.1.1. Diagnosis
24.9.1.2. Etiology
24.9.1.3. Treatment

24.9.2. Uterine Inversion

24.9.2.1. Diagnosis
24.9.2.2. Degrees of Uterine Inversion
24.9.2.3. Performance and Maneuvers

24.10. Uterine Rupture

24.10.1. Classification (Dehiscence and Tearing)
24.10.2. Diagnosis
24.10.3. Treatment

Module 25. Postpartum Emergencies

25.1. Postpartum Infection

25.1.1. Genital Tract and Pelvic Infections

25.1.1.1. Risk Factors
25.1.1.2. Signs and Symptoms by Extent

25.1.1.2.1. Endometritis
25.1.1.2.2. Salpingitis
25.1.1.2.3 Pelviperitonitis
25.1.1.2.3 Pelvic Celulitis or Parametritis
25.1.1.2.5. Pelvic Thrombophlembitis
25.1.1.2.6. Generalized Peritonitis
25.1.1.2.7. Perineum, Vagina and Cervix Infection
25.1.1.2.8. Cesarean Wound Infection
25.1.1.2.9. Septicemia

25.1.1.3. Treatment and Care

25.1.2. Urinary Infection
25.1.3. Respiratory infection. Mendelson’s Syndrome

25.2. Birth Canal Complications

25.2.1. Dehiscence

25.2.1.1. Risk Factors
25.2.1.2. Treatment

25.2.2. Vulvar/Perineal Haematoma

25.2.2.1. Risk Factors
25.2.2.2. Treatment

25.3. Urinary Disturbances in the Postpartum Period

25.3.1. Voiding Dysfunction and Urinary Retention
25.3.2. Urinary Incontinence

25.4. Thromboembolic Disease in the Puerperium

25.4.1. Etiology and Risk Factors
25.4.2. Most Common Postpartum Thrombosis
25.4.3. Diagnosis
25.4.4. Treatment and Prevention

25.5. Cardiac and Endocrine Disorders

25.5.1. Puerperal Hypertension
25.5.2. Peripartum Cardiomyopathy
25.5.3. Postpartum Thyroiditis
25.5.4. Sheehan Syndrome

25.6. Psychosocial Maladjustment in the Postpartum Period

25.6.1. Mother-Baby Bonding Issues
25.6.2. Postpartum Depression: Maternity Blues
25.6.3. Puerperal Psychosis

25.7. Breast Pathology

25.7.1. Breast Lesions. Cracks
25.7.2. Candidiasis
25.7.3. Raynaud’s Phenomenon

25.8. Breast Engorgement and Milk Pearls

25.8.1. Mammary Ingurgitation
25.8.2. Milk Pearls

25.9. Breast Duct Obstruction

25.9.1. Mastitis
25.9.2. Breast Abscess

25.10. Post Epidural Puncture Headache

25.10.1. Risk Factors
25.10.2. Diagnosis
25.10.3. Clinical Symptoms
25.10.4. Treatment

Module 26. Special Situations in the Obstetrics Emergency Department

26.1. Out-of-Hospital Birth

26.1.1. Performance
26.1.2. Necessary Material for Childbirth Care
26.1.3. Precautions and Recommendations
26.1.4. Attention upon Arrival at the Hospital

26.2. Drug Addiction and Pregnancy

26.2.1. Management during Pregnancy and Postpartum
26.2.2. Effects on the Fetus

26.3. Domestic Violence during Pregnancy

26.3.1. Concept of Violence and Risk Factors in Pregnancy
26.3.2. Types of Violence
26.3.3. The Cycle of Violence
26.3.4. Detection of Domestic Violence
26.3.5. Action Protocol for Domestic Violence

26.4. Sexual Assault during Pregnancy

26.4.1. Types of Sexual Offenses based on the Penal Code
26.4.2. Action Protocol

26.5. Pseudocyesis

26.5.1. Prevalence and Epidemiology
26.5.2. Pathogenesis and Risk Factors
26.5.3. Diagnosis
26.5.4. Treatment

26.6. Antepartum Fetal Death

26.6.1. Causes and Risk Factors
26.6.2. Action Protocol
26.6.3. Bereavement Care

26.7. Cancer and Pregnancy: Chemotherapy Drugs in Pregnancy
26.8. Transplants and Pregnancy
26.9. SARS CoV2 Infection and Pregnancy
26.10. Informed Consent in Urgent Care

26.10.1. Types of Consent
26.10.2. Revocation of Informed Consent
26.10.3. Special Considerations for the Urgent Care of Minors
26.10.4. Special Considerations for the Urgent Care of Persons under Guardianship

Module 27. Breastfeeding Today and Throughout History

27.1. Concepts Related to Breastfeeding

27.1.1. Evolution of the Concept of Breastfeeding
27.1.2. Breastfeeding Concepts

27.2. History of Breastfeeding

27.2.1. Natural History of Breastfeeding
27.2.2. Historical Development of The Importance of Breastfeeding

27.3. False Myths

27.3.1. Misconceptions About Breastfeeding
27.3.2. Correct Beliefs About Breastfeeding

27.4. Care Strategy for Normal Childbirth

27.4.1. Encouraging Breastfeeding after Childbirth
27.4.2. Benefits of Breastfeeding in Childbirth

27.5. Epidemiology

27.5.1. Epidemiological Course of Breastfeeding Development
27.5.2. Social Evolution of Breastfeeding

27.6. Human Milk Banks

27.6.1. Milk Bank Concept
27.6.2. Characteristics of a Milk Bank

27.7. Counseling and Support for Women Who Do Not Wish to Breastfeed

27.7.1. Health Education for Women Do Not Wish to Breastfeed
27.7.2. Specific Information on Care for Non Lactating Women

27.8. Womens Rights During Breastfeeding

27.8.1. The Immediate Rights of the Infant
27.8.2. Social Benefits in Breastfeeding Women

27.9. Paternal Involvement in Breastfeeding

27.9.1. The Father as a Supporting Figure in Breastfeeding
27.9.2. The father as a Breastfeeding Consultant

27.10. Protection of Breastfeeding Worldwide: WHO Recommendations

27.10.1. WHO Recommendations
27.10.2. Global Protection in Breastfeeding

Module 28. Physiology and Clinical History in Breastfeeding

28.1. Anatomy of the Breast

28.1.1. Surrounding Bony Structure of the Breast
28.1.2. Muscular Structure of the Breast

28.2. Physiology of Breastfeeding

28.2.1. Physiological Development of Breastfeeding
28.2.2. Hormonal Circuit of Breastfeeding

28.3. Benefits of Breastfeeding for the Mother

28.3.1. Concept
28.3.2. The Benefits for the Mother in Breastfeeding

28.4. Benefits of Breastfeeding for the Baby

28.4.1. Concept
28.4.2. The Benefits for the Baby in Breastfeeding

28.5. Evaluation of the Intake

28.5.1. Indications on the Intake
28.5.2. Inadequate Actions on the Intake

28.6. Signs of Good and Bad Hitching

28.6.1. Hitching Concept
28.6.2. Benefits of a Good Hitch

28.7. Recommended Positions

28.7.1. Proper Breastfeeding Positions
28.7.2. Inadequate Breastfeeding Positions

Module 29. Breastfeeding Care and Breastfeeding Women’s Health

29.1. First Recommendations during Pregnancy

29.1.1. Evolution of Breastfeeding in Pregnancy
29.1.2. Breastfeeding Care in Pregnancy

29.2. Breast Care during Breastfeeding

29.2.1. General Care
29.2.2. Specific Advice

29.3. Proper Techniques for Breastfeeding

29.3.1. Different Breastfeeding Techniques
29.3.2. Incorrect Breastfeeding Measures

29.4. Effects of Breastfeeding on Women’s Health in the Short Term

29.4.1. Immediate Benefits of Breastfeeding in Women
29.4.2. Positive Breastfeeding Tips

29.5. Effects of Breastfeeding on Women’s Health in the Mid- and Long-Term

29.5.1. Long-term Benefits of Breastfeeding
29.5.2. Mid-term Benefits of Breastfeeding

29.6. Maternal Diet and Breastfeeding

29.6.1. Foods that alter Breast Milk
29.6.2. Foods that benefit Breastfeeding

29.7. Physical Activity and Breastfeeding

29.7.1. Encouraging Physical Activity During Breastfeeding
29.7.2. Contraindications to Physical Activity During Breastfeeding

Module 30. Problems During Breastfeeding

30.1. Contraindications for Breastfeeding

30.1.1. Situations that Contraindicate Breastfeeding
30.1.2. Nutritional

30.2. Maternal Pathologies that Contraindicate Breastfeeding

30.2.1. List Maternal Pathologies that Contraindicate Breastfeeding
30.2.2. Counseling on Contraindications to Breastfeeding

30.3. Newborn Pathologies that Contraindicate Breastfeeding

30.3.1. List Neonatal Pathologies that Contraindicate Breastfeeding
30.3.2. Counseling on Contraindications to Breastfeeding

30.4. Nipple Problems

30.4.1. Different Types of Nipple
30.4.2. Support to the Mother

30.5. Mammary Ingurgitation

30.5.1. Concept
30.5.2. Adequate Treatment

30.6. Mastitis

30.6.1. Concept
30.6.2. Adequate Treatment

30.7. Aids and Devices to Assist in Breastfeeding

30.7.1. Different Breastfeeding Devices
30.7.2. How to help Breastfeeding?

Module 31. Other Types of Breastfeeding

31.1. Artificial Breastfeeding

31.1.1. Concept
31.1.2. Development of the Technique

31.2. Formula Milk: Handling and Disadvantages

31.2.1. Formula Milk Preparation
31.2.2. Benefits and Drawbacks

31.3. Preparation of a Baby Bottle

31.3.1. Technique for Preparing a Baby Bottle
31.3.2. Sterilizing Baby Bottles

31.4. Mixed Breastfeeding

31.4.1. Concept
31.4.2. How to Carry it Out?

31.5. Relactation

31.5.1. Concept
31.5.2. Indications

31.6. Combination of Breastfeeding with Nutrition

31.6.1. Complementary Nutrition
31.6.2. Nutritional Needs

Module 32. Breastfeeding in Special Situations

32.1. Hypogalactia

32.1.1. Concept
32.1.2. Measures to Treat

32.2. Sick Newborns

32.2.1. Different Pathologies
32.2.2. Breastfeeding in Children with Pathologies

32.3. Prematurity

32.3.1. Definition of Prematurity
32.3.2. Breastfeeding in Premature Infants

32.4. Teenage Mothers

32.4.1. Breastfeeding in Teenage Mothers
32.4.2. Problems in Teenage Mothers

32.5. Breastfeeding and LAM

32.5.1. Concept
32.5.2. Benefits of LAM

32.6. Cleft Lip and Lip Malformations

32.6.1. Concept
32.6.2. Support for Newborns and Breastfeeding Mothers

32.7. Breastfeeding and New Pregnancy

32.7.1. Tandem Breastfeeding
32.7.2. Nutritional

32.8. Breastfeeding and Stress

32.8.1. Stress as a Detriment to Breastfeeding
32.8.2. Measures to Cope with Stress

Module 33. Common Situations During Breastfeeding

33.1. Crying and Breast Refusal

33.1.1. Concept
33.1.2. Immediate Attention

33.2. Breastfeeding Strike

33.2.1. Concept
33.2.2. Strike Counseling

33.3. Prolonged and Tandem Breastfeeding

33.3.1. Concept
33.3.2. Benefits

33.4. Co-Sleeping

33.4.1. Concept
33.4.2. Benefits of Co-sleeping

33.5. Working Outside the Home and Breastfeeding

33.5.1. Incorporation into Work
33.5.2. Support in this Situation

33.6. Milk Extraction: Methods and Tools

33.6.1. Parts of the Breast Pump
33.6.2. Use of the Breast Pump

33.7. Transport and Storage of Breast Milk

33.7.1. Milk Storage Mechanisms
33.7.2. Milk Transport

Module 34. Drugs and Breastfeeding

34.1. Transfer of Drugs and Other Elements into Breast Milk

34.1.1. Concept
34.1.2. Medication Administration Contraindications

34.2. Drug Interaction and Breastfeeding

34.2.1. Drug Interaction
34.2.2. Medication administration

34.3. Most Commonly Used Drugs During Breastfeeding

34.3.1. Drugs Indicated for Breastfeeding
34.3.2. Indications

34.4. Web-based Resources and Tools on Drugs and Breastfeeding

34.4.1. Web about Breastfeeding and Drugs
34.4.2. How to Search Online?

34.5. Harmful Substances and Breastfeeding

34.5.1. Different Harmful Substances in Breastfeeding
34.5.2. Attitude Towards the Ingestion of Harmful Substances

Module 35. Associations of Breastfeeding Initiatives and Legislation

35.1. Support Groups

35.1.1. Concept
35.1.2. Different Support Groups

35.2. Lactation Consultants

35.2.1. Concept of Consultants
35.2.2. Consultant’s Roles

35.3. Innocenti Statement

35.3.1. Protecting Breastfeeding Globally
35.3.2. Protection Treaty

35.4. WHO Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI

35.4.1. Characteristics of the Initiative
35.4.2. Objectives to be Met

35.5. Legislation for the Protection of Breastfeeding

35.5.1. Current Legislation
35.5.2. Rights and Responsibilities

35.6. Recommended Websites

35.6.1. Online queries
35.6.2. Credibility of Web Pages

Module 36. Diseases and Breastfeeding

36.1. Concept

36.1.1. Definition of Diseases and Breastfeeding
36.1.2. Performance

36.2. Absolute and False Contraindications

36.2.1. Contraindications
36.2.2. False Myths

36.3. HIV and Breastfeeding

36.3.1. Concept
36.3.2. Indications for Breastfeeding

36.4. Hepatitis and Breastfeeding

36.4.1. Concept
36.4.2. Indications for Breastfeeding

36.5. Oncological Processes and Breastfeeding

36.5.1. Cancer and Breastfeeding
36.5.2. Indications for Oncologic Process and Breastfeeding Mother

36.6. Special Situations in the Newborn that make Breastfeeding Difficult

36.6.1. Newborn Special Situations
36.6.2. Mechanisms for Adapting Special Situations and Breastfeeding

36.7. How to Promote Breastfeeding in Maternal-Fetal Conditions?

36.7.1. Concept
36.7.2. Encourage Breastfeeding In Situ

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