Every day, Veterinary Dentistry services are more and more in demand. With this program you will be at the forefront of the specialty"

Some years ago, at least until the middle of the 19th century, dental procedures performed on animals were exclusively limited to horses, which were used for transportation, military maneuvers and agricultural tasks. It was not until the last century that dental therapies began to be applied to small companion animals.

At first, the procedures were relegated to cleanings, corrections of functional abnormalities and extractions. Over the years, the treatments offered in the specialty have expanded, taking reference, in some cases, to the techniques used in human dentistry.
Currently, Veterinary Dentistry has become a clinical sector with a great demand, since many pet owners have become aware of the importance of maintaining the oral health of animals. Even so, the prevention and treatment of oral pathologies are skills that the veterinarian has yet to develop and exploit.

For this reason, it is necessary to have professionals specialized in Veterinary Dentistry who have all the tools and knowledge to detect, prevent and treat any oral pathology in domestic and exotic animals. That is why this area demands the incorporation of new veterinary experts in the field who can join the centers or who undertake a private practice.

Taking into account all of the above, this program has been developed with a hybrid mode, which will cover the entire theoretical spectrum necessary to address the practice of the profession in a veterinary center of international prestige.

The hybrid program of this Professional Master’s Degree will help you to train in Veterinary Dentistry, doing your internship in a center of national prestige"

This Hybrid professional master’s degree in Veterinary Dentistry contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include:

• Development of more than 100 clinical cases presented by veterinary professionals focused on dentistry.
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice.
• Assessment and monitoring of animals with dental pathologies
• Presentation of practical workshops on diagnostic and therapeutic techniques in the veterinary patient.
• An algorithm-based interactive learning system for decision-making in the clinical situations presented throughout the course.
• All of this will be complemented by theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments.
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection
• Additionally, students will be able to carry out a clinical internship in one of the best hospitals in an international level

Enroll now and advance your professional career with a unique experience".

In this proposal for a Professional Master's Degree, of a professionalizing nature and hybrid learning modality, the program is aimed at updating professionals who perform their functions in small animal units and which require a high level of qualification. The contents are based on the latest scientific evidence, and oriented in a didactic way to integrate the theoretical knowledge in veterinary practice, and the theoretical-practical elements will facilitate the updating of knowledge and will enablethe decision making in the management of the patients.

Thanks to its multimedia content elaborated with the latest educational technology, they will allow the veterinary professional a situated and contextual learning, that is to say, a simulated environment that will provide an immersive learning programmed to train in real situations. This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby he must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the course. For this purpose, the student will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned experts.

Choose the most appropriate dental treatments based on the imaging tests that you will learn in this program"

Updating your knowledge in Veterinary Dentistry means having the opportunity to embark on a new professional path with international projections"

The content of this program has been designed to meet the needs of the sector, allowing the specialization of veterinarians in dentistry for canines, felines and exotic animals. Therefore, in the first theoretical modality, the student will evaluate all the concepts about the oral anatomy in animals and the pathologies they may suffer. Additionally, students will learn the different diagnostic and treatment techniques that have been implemented and developed in recent years.

You will combine theory and professional practice through a demanding and rewarding educational approach"

Module 1. Dental and oral cavity anatomy in small animals

1.1. Embryology and Odontogenesis. Terminology.

1.1.1. Embryology
1.1.2. Dental Rash
1.1.3. Odontogenesis and the Periodontium
1.1.4. Dental Terminology

1.2. The Oral Cavity. Occlusion and Malocclusion

1.2.1. The Oral Cavity
1.2.2. Occlusion in Dogs
1.2.3. Occlusion in Cats
1.2.4. Mandibular Prognathism
1.2.5. Mandibular Brachycephalism
1.2.6. Wry Bite
1.2.7. Narrow mandible (Narrowmandible)
1.2.8. Anterior Crossbite
1.2.9. Malocclusion of the Canine Tooth
1.2.10. Premolar and Molar Malocclusion
1.2.11. Malocclusion Associated with Persistence of Primary Teeth

1.3. Dental Anatomy in the Dog

1.3.1. Dental Formula
1.3.2. Types of Teeth
1.3.3. Dental Composition

1.3.3.1. Enamel, Dentine, Pulp

1.3.4. Terminology

1.4. Periodontal Anatomy in the Dog

1.4.1. Gum
1.4.2. Periodontal Ligament
1.4.3. Cementum
1.4.4. Alveolar Bone

1.5. Dental Anatomy in Cats

1.5.1. Dental Formula
1.5.2. Types of Teeth
1.5.3. Dental Composition
1.5.4. Terminology

1.6. Periodontal Anatomy in Cats

1.6.1. Gum
1.6.2. Periodontal Ligament
1.6.3. Cementum
1.6.4. Alveolar Bone

1.7. Bone and Joint Anatomy

1.7.1. Cranium
1.7.2. Facial Region
1.7.3. Maxillary Region
1.7.4. Mandibular Region
1.7.5. Temporomandibular Joint

1.8. Muscular Anatomy

1.8.1. Masseter Muscle
1.8.2. Temporal Muscle
1.8.3. Pterygoid Muscle
1.8.4. Digastric Muscle
1.8.5. Muscles of the Tongue
1.8.6. Muscles of the Soft Palate
1.8.7. Muscles of Facial Expression
1.8.8. Head Fascia

1.9. Neurovascular Anatomy

1.9.1. Motor Nerves
1.9.2. Sensitive Nerves
1.9.3. Brachiocephalic Trunk
1.9.4. Common Carotid Artery
1.9.5. External Carotid Artery
1.9.6. Internal Carotid Artery

1.10. Anatomy of the Tongue, Palate, Lymphonodes and Glands

1.10.1. Hard Palate
1.10.2. Soft Palate
1.10.3. Canine Tongue
1.10.4. Feline Tongue
1.10.5. Lymphonodes and Tonsils
1.10.6. Salivary Glands

Module 2. Anesthesia and Analgesia in Small Animal Veterinary Dentistry

2.1. Anesthesia. Key Aspects

2.1.1. History of Anesthesia
2.1.2. Anesthetic Machine.
2.1.3. Anesthetic Circuits
2.1.4. Mechanical Ventilators
2.1.5. Infusion Pumps and Perfusors
2.1.6. Sedation vs Tranquillisation
2.1.7. Phases of General Anesthesia

2.2. Pre-Anesthetic Assessment and Pre-Medication of the Dental Patient

2.2.1. Pre-Anesthesia Consultation
2.2.2. Anesthetic Risk. ASA Classification
2.2.3. Recommendations for Chronic Medications on the Day of Anesthesia
2.2.4. Pre-Anesthetic Considerations in Dental Patients
2.2.5. Pharmacology in Premedication

2.3. Anesthetic Induction and Maintenance

2.3.1. Induction Phase
2.3.2. Pharmacology in Induction
2.3.3. Intubation Process
2.3.4. Maintenance Phase
2.3.5. Inhalation Anesthesia
2.3.6. Total Intravenous Anesthesia
2.3.7. Fluid Therapy

2.4. Basic Patient Monitoring

2.4.1. Baseline Monitoring
2.4.2. Electrocardiography
2.4.3. Pulse Oximetry
2.4.4. Capnography
2.4.5. Arterial Pressure
2.4.6. Introduction to Advanced Monitoring

2.5. Anesthetic Recovery

2.5.1. General Recommendations
2.5.2. Vital Signs Monitoring
2.5.3. Adequate Nutritional Management
2.5.4. Assessment of Post-Surgical Pain

2.6. Pain Management in Dentistry

2.6.1. Pain Physiology
2.6.2. Acute and Chronic Pain
2.6.3. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
2.6.4. Opioid Analgesics
2.6.5. Other Analgesics
2.6.6. Pain Assessment

2.7. Common Complications in Anaesthesia

2.7.1. Intraoperative Nociception
2.7.2. Bradycardia vs Tachycardia
2.7.3. Hypothermia vs. Hyperthermia
2.7.4. Hypocapnia vs. Hypercapnia
2.7.5. Hypotension vs. Hypertension
2.7.6. Hypoxia
2.7.7. Common Arrhythmias
2.7.8. Regurgitation and Aspiration
2.7.9. Post-anesthetic Blindness

2.8. Locoregional Anesthesia I. Local Anesthetics

2.8.1. Introduction
2.8.2. Management of the Patient Receiving a Nerve Block
2.8.3. Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics
2.8.4. Mechanism of Action of Local Anesthetics
2.8.5. Local anesthetics
2.8.6. Adjuvants to Local Anesthetics
2.8.7. Treatment of Local Anesthetic Poisoning
2.8.8. Good Practice Guideline for the Management of Local Anesthetics
2.8.9. Effect of Inflammation on Local Anesthetic Efficacy

2.9. Locoregional Anesthesia II. Locoregional Blockades

2.9.1. Anatomy Recap.
2.9.2. General Recommendations
2.9.3. Contraindications
2.9.4. Jaw Nerve Blockade
2.9.5. Infraorbital Nerve Block
2.9.6. Mandibular Nerve Block
2.9.7. Mentonian Nerve Block
2.10. Common Anesthetic Protocols

2.10.1. Anesthetic Protocols in Dogs
2.10.2. Anesthetic Protocols in Cats

Module 3. Equipment and Instruments in Small Animal Veterinary Dentistry

3.1. Dental Surgery and Consultation Room

3.1.1. Dental Consultation
3.1.2. Dental Operating Theatre

3.2. Materials and Instruments in Small Animal Periodontics

3.2.1. Periodontal Probes
3.2.2. Dental Explorer
3.2.3. Dental Mirror

3.3. Material in Small Animal Endodontics

3.3.1. Root Canal Explorers
3.3.2. Endodontic Files
3.3.3. Nerve Twitchers
3.3.4. Filling Spirals
3.3.5. Dental Locking Forceps
3.3.6. Endodontic Compactors
3.3.7. Endodontic Spacers
3.3.8. Endodontic Fillings and Sealants

3.4. Material in Small Animal Orthodontics

3.4.1. Orthodontic Pliers
3.4.2. Orthodontic Wire
3.4.3. Buttons with Curved Base
3.4.4. Orthodontic Chains
3.4.5. Cement
3.4.6. Moulds and Printing Material

3.5. Dental Caps and Dentures

3.5.1. Dental Caps
3.5.2. Dental Prostheses

3.6. Materials and Instruments for Oral Cavity Surgery

3.6.1. Equipment for Oral Surgery
3.6.2. Surgical Material

3.7. Dental Equipment

3.7.1. Fixed Dental Equipment
3.7.2. Portable Dental Equipment

3.8. Imaging Equipment in Veterinary Dentistry

3.8.1. X-Ray
3.8.2. CAT

3.9. Cleaning, Disinfection and Care of Dental Equipment

3.9.1. Care of Dental Equipment
3.9.2. Care of Dental Material
3.9.3. Disinfectants

3.10. Oral Health Care Tools for the Owner

3.10.1. Toothbrushes
3.10.2. Dentifrices
3.10.3. Oral Antiseptics
3.10.4. Snack/Dental Toys

Module 4.  Imaging Procedures in Veterinary Dentistry

4.1. Safety and Protection in Dental and Maxillofacial Imaging Procedures. Physiological Imaging in Dentistry

4.1.1. Physiological Image
4.1.2. Definitions
4.1.3. Protections
4.1.4. Recommendations

4.2. Dental Radiology in Veterinary Dentistry

4.2.1. X-Ray Unit. Radiographic Films.
4.2.2. Intraoral Dental Radiography Techniques

4.2.2.1. Bisector Angle Technique

4.2.2.1.1. Positioning of Maxillary and Mandibular Incisors
4.2.2.1.2. Positioning of Maxillary and Mandibular Canines
4.2.2.1.3. Positioning of Premolars and Molars

4.2.2.2. Parallelism Techniques

4.2.2.2.1. Positioning of Premolars and Molars

4.2.3. Revealing Radiography

4.2.3.1. Revealing Techniques
4.2.3.2. Dental Digital Development Systems

4.3. Ultrasonography and the Use of Ultrasound in Veterinary Dentistry

4.3.1. Principles of Ultrasound. Definitions
4.3.2. Ultrasounds in Veterinary Dentistry
4.3.3. Uses in Veterinary Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery

4.4. Axial Computed Tomography in Veterinary Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery

4.4.1. Introduction. Definitions. Apparatus
4.4.2. Uses and Applications in Veterinary Dentistry

4.5. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applied to Veterinary Dentistry

4.5.1. Introduction. Definitions. Apparatus
4.5.2. Uses and Applications in Veterinary Dentistry

4.6. Gammagraphy in Veterinary Dentistry

4.6.1. Introduction. Principles and Definitions
4.6.2. Uses and Applications in Veterinary Dentistry

4.7. Imaging Assessment and Procedures Prior to Treatment and in Diagnostic Dentistry

4.7.1. Odontogram and X-Ray Study of the Patient
4.7.2. Endodontic Pre-Assessment
4.7.3. Orthodontics Pre-Assessment
4.7.4. Pre-Evaluation in Implant Dentistry

4.8. Imaging Procedures During Dental Treatment

4.8.1. Uses During Exodontic Treatment
4.8.2. Uses During Endodontic Treatment
4.8.3. Uses During Implant Treatment

4.9. Imaging Procedures after Treatment and at Dental Check-ups

4.9.1. Uses in Exodontics
4.9.2. Uses in Endodontics
4.9.3. Uses in Implantology

4.10. Complementary to Diagnostic Imaging for a Definitive Diagnosis. Pathological Imaging in Veterinary Dentistry

4.10.1. Cytology in the Oral Cavity
4.10.2. Biopsy in the Oral Cavity
4.10.3. Cultures, PCR and More
4.10.4. Clinical Imaging in Small Animal Veterinary Dentistry

Module 5. Dentistry in Canine Veterinary

5.1. Veterinary Dentistry

5.1.1. History of Veterinary Dentistry
5.1.2. Basis and Fundamentals of Veterinary Dentistry

5.2. Equipment and Materials in Veterinary Dentistry

5.2.1. Equipment

5.2.1.1. Basic Equipment
5.2.1.2. Specific Equipment

5.2.2. Materials

5.2.1.1. Basic Instruments
5.2.2.2. Specific Instruments
5.2.2.3. Fungibles
5.2.2.4. Methods of Oral Impression Preparation

5.3. Oral Examination

5.3.1. Medical History
5.3.2. Oral Examination with the Patient Awake
5.3.3. Oral Examination with Sedated or Anaesthetised Patient
5.3.4. Records

5.4. Pediatric Dentistry

5.4.1. Introduction
5.4.2. Development of the Deciduous Dentition
5.4.3. Change of Dentition
5.4.4. Deciduous Persistence
5.4.5. Supernumerary Teeth
5.4.6. Agenesis
5.4.7. Dental Fractures
5.4.8. Malocclusions

5.5. Periodontal Disease

5.5.1. Gingivitis
5.5.2. Periodontitis
5.5.3. Pathophysiology of Periodontal Disease
5.5.4. Periodontal Profilaxia
5.5.5. Periodontal Therapy
5.5.6. Postoperative Care

5.6. Oral Pathologies

5.6.1. Enamel Hypoplasia
5.6.2. Halitosis
5.6.3. Tooth Wear
5.6.4. Dental Fractures
5.6.5. Oronasal Fistulas
5.6.6. Infraorbital Fistulas
5.6.7. Temporomandibular Joint
5.6.8. Cranio-Mandibular Osteopathy

5.7. Dental Extraction

5.7.1. Anatomical Concepts
5.7.2. Indications
5.7.3. Surgical Technique
5.7.4. Flaps
5.7.5. Post-Operative Treatment

5.8. Endodontics

5.8.1. Basis of Endodontics
5.8.2. Specific Materials
5.8.3. Indications
5.8.4. Diagnosis
5.8.5. Surgical Technique
5.8.6. Postoperative Care
5.8.7. Complications

5.9. Orthodontics

5.9.1. Occlusion and Malocclusion
5.9.2. Principles of Orthodontics
5.9.3. Orthodontic Treatment
5.9.4. Esthetics and Restoration

5.10. Maxillofacial Fractures

5.10.1. Emergencies
5.10.2. Stabilisation of the Patient
5.10.3. Clinical Examination
5.10.4. Treatment

5.10.4.1. Conservative Treatment
5.10.4.2. Surgical Management

5.10.5. Therapeutics and Postoperative Care
5.10.6. Complications

Module 6. Dentistry in Feline Veterinary

6.1. General Basis of Feline Dentistry

6.1.1. Introduction
6.1.2. Dental Equipment

6.1.2.1. Basic Equipment
6.1.2.2. Specific Equipment

6.2. Materials and Instrumentation for Felines

6.2.1. Basic Instruments
6.2.2. Specific Instruments
6.2.3. Fungibles.
6.2.4. Methods of Oral Impression Preparation

6.3. Oral Examination and Assessment of the Cat

6.3.1. Medical History
6.3.2. Oral Examination with the Patient Awake
6.3.3. Oral Examination with Sedated or Anaesthetised Patient
6.3.4. Registration and Odontogram

6.4. Periodontal Disease

6.4.1. Gingivitis
6.4.2. Periodontitis
6.4.3. Pathophysiology of Periodontal Disease
6.4.4. Gingival and Alveolar Bone Retraction
6.4.6. Periodontal Profilaxia
6.4.7. Periodontal Therapy
6.4.8. Postoperative Care

6.5. Feline Oral Pathology

6.5.1. Halitosis
6.5.2. Dental Traumatism
6.5.3. Cleft Palate
6.5.4. Dental Fractures
6.5.5. Oronasal Tonsils
6.5.6. Temporomandibular Joint

6.6. Feline Gingivostomatitis

6.6.1. Introduction
6.6.2. Clinical Signs
6.6.3. Diagnosis
6.6.4. Complementary Tests
6.6.5. Medical Treatment
6.6.6. Surgical Management

6.7. Feline Dental Resorption

6.7.1. Introduction
6.7.2. Pathogenesis and Clinical Signs
6.7.3. Diagnosis
6.7.4. Complementary Tests
6.7.5. Treatment
6.7.6. Treatment

6.8. Dental Extraction

6.8.1. Anatomical Concepts
6.8.2. Indications
6.8.3. Anatomical Particularities
6.8.4. Surgical Technique
6.8.5. Odontosection
6.8.6. Flaps
6.8.7. Post-Operative Treatment

6.9. Endodontics

6.9.1. Basis of Endodontics
6.9.2. Specific Materials
6.9.3. Indications
6.9.4. Diagnosis
6.9.5. Surgical Technique
6.9.6. Postoperative Care
6.9.7. Complications

6.10. Maxillofacial Fractures

6.10.1. Emergencies
6.10.2. Stabilisation of the Patient
6.10.3. Clinical Examination
6.10.4. Treatment
6.10.5. Therapeutics and Postoperative Care
6.10.6. Complications

Module 7. Veterinary Dentistry in Exotic Animals

7.1. Oral Anatomy and Physiology in Lagomorphs
7.2. Oral Anatomy
7.3. Handling and Securing

7.3.1. Oral Anatomy and Physiology in Rodents and other Exotic Mammals
7.3.2. Oral Anatomy
7.3.3. Handling and Securing
7.3.4. Oral Anatomy and Physiology in Birds and Reptiles
7.3.5. Oral Anatomy
7.3.6. Handling and Securing

7.4. Dental Materials in Exotic Animals

7.4.1. Clamping Tables
7.4.2. Mouth-Openers
7.4.3. Exodontic Material
7.4.4. Periodontic Material

7.5. Oral Diagnostic Tests in Exotic Animals

7.5.1. Oral Exam
7.5.2. Laboratory Diagnosis
7.5.3. Imaging Tests

7.6. Oral Pathology in Lagomorphs

7.6.1. Elongation
7.6.2. Malocclusions
7.6.3. Periodontal Diseases
7.6.4. Dental Diseases
7.6.5. Other diseases

7.7. Oral Pathology in Rodents and Other Exotic Mammals

7.7.1. Elongation
7.7.2. Malocclusions
7.7.3. Periodontal Diseases
7.7.4. Dental Diseases
7.7.5. Other diseases

7.8. Oral Pathology in Reptiles and Birds

7.8.1. Most Common Oral Pathologies in Birds
7.8.2. Most Common Oral Pathologies in Reptiles

7.9. Anesthesia in Exotic Animals

7.9.1. Anesthesia
7.9.2. Pre-operative Considerations
7.9.3. Postoperative Considerations

7.10. Prophylaxis, Prevention and other Particularities in Exotic Animals

7.10.1. Prophylaxis and Prevention for Owners
7.10.2. Prophylaxis and Clinical Prevention

Module 8. Equine Veterinary Dentistry

8.1. Introduction

8.1.1. History and Evolution of Equine Dentistry
8.1.2. Equine Dental Evolution
8.1.3. Steaks, Bites and Accessories
8.1.4. Marketing of Equine Dentistry

8.2. Anatomy and Physiology

8.2.1. Head Anatomy
8.2.2. Tooth Anatomy
8.2.3. Nomenclature. Triadan System
8.2.4. Physiology of Mastication
8.2.5. Change of Dentition. Approximation of Dental Age
8.2.6. Temporomandibular Joint

8.3. Routine Dental Examination

8.3.1. Medical History
8.3.2. General Physical Evaluation
8.3.3. Physical Examination and Palpation of the Head
8.3.4. Examination of the Oral Cavity
8.3.5. Dental Equipment

8.4. Dental and Oral Cavity Pathology

8.4.1. Signs of Dental Disease
8.4.2. Pathologies of Incisors and their Treatment
8.4.3. Canine Pathologies and their Treatment
8.4.4. Wolf Teeth
8.4.5. Pathologies of Premolars and Molars. Treatment
8.4.6. Dental Fractures
8.4.7. Cavities
8.4.8. Equine Odontoclastic Resorption and Hypercementosis
8.4.9. Tumours
8.4.10. Developmental Pathologies and Craniofacial Anomalies

8.5. Therapeutic Procedures

8.5.1. Incisor Procedures
8.5.2. Bite Seat
8.5.3. Exodontics
8.5.4. Endodontics

8.6. Head and Dental Trauma

8.6.1. Healing in Oral Lesions
8.6.2. Management of Intraoral Lesions
8.6.3. Mandibular and Maxillary Fractures

8.7. Temporomandibular Joint

8.7.1. Clinical Signs
8.7.2. Temporomandibular Joint Injuries
8.7.3. Treatment

8.8. Dental Needs According to Type of Patient

8.8.1. Dentistry in Geriatric Patients
8.8.2. Dentistry in Adult Sport Horses
8.8.3. Dentistry in Young Sport Horses (2 to 5 years old)

8.9. Diagnostic Techniques

8.9.1. Dental Radiology
8.9.2. Scintigraphy
8.9.3. Computed Tomography (CT)
8.9.4. Oral endoscopy

8.10. Perineural Blocks for Oral Procedures

8.10.1. Maxillary Nerve Block
8.10.2. Mandibular Nerve Block
8.10.3. Infraorbital Nerve Block
8.10.4. Mentonian Nerve Block

Module 9. Oncology in Small Animal Dentistry

9.1. Oral Cancer

9.1.1. Etiology of Cancer
9.1.2. Cancer Biology and Metastasis
9.1.3. Diagnostic Procedure in Oral Oncology (Clinical Stage)

9.1.3.1. Oncological Examination
9.1.3.2. Cytology/Biopsy
9.1.3.3. Diagnostic Imaging

9.1.4. Paraneoplastic Syndromes
9.1.5. Oral Cancer Treatment Overview

9.1.5.1. Surgery
9.1.5.2. Radiotherapy
9.1.5.3. Chemotherapy

9.1.6. Overview of Oral Cancer Prognosis

9.2. Radiotherapy

9.2.1. What is Radiotherapy
9.2.2. Mechanisms of action
9.2.3. Modalities of Radiotherapy
9.2.4. Side Effects

9.3. Chemotherapy

9.3.1. Cellular Cycle
9.3.2. Cytotoxic Agents

9.3.2.1. Mechanism of Action
9.3.2.2. Administration.
9.3.2.3. Side Effects

9.3.3. Anti-Angiogenic Therapies
9.3.4. Targeted Therapy

9.4. Electrochemotherapy

9.4.1. What is Electrochemotherapy
9.4.2. Mechanism of Action
9.4.3. Indications

9.5. Benign Oral Tumors

9.5.1. Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma
9.5.2. Acanthomatous Ameloblastoma
9.5.3. Odontogenic Tumours
9.5.4. Osteomas

9.6. Canine Oral Melanoma

9.6.1. Pathophysiology of Oral Melanoma
9.6.2. Biological Behavior
9.6.3. Diagnostic Procedure
9.6.4. Clinical Status
9.6.5. Treatment

9.6.5.1. Surgery
9.6.5.2. Radiotherapy
9.6.5.3. Chemotherapy
9.6.5.4. Other treatments
9.6.6. Prognosis

9.7. Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

9.7.1. Physiopathology of Canine Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
9.7.2. Biological Behavior
9.7.3. Diagnostic Procedure
9.7.4. Clinical Status
9.7.5. Treatment

9.7.5.1. Surgery
9.7.5.2. Radiotherapy
9.7.5.3. Chemotherapy
9.7.5.4. Other treatments

9.7.6. Prognosis

9.8. Canine Oral Fibrosarcoma

9.8.1. Pathophysiology of Canine Oral Fibrosarcoma
9.8.2. Biological Behavior
9.8.3. Diagnostic Procedure
9.8.4. Clinical Status
9.8.5. Treatment

9.8.5.1. Surgery
9.8.5.2. Radiotherapy
9.8.5.3. Chemotherapy
9.8.5.4. Other treatments

9.8.6. Prognosis

9.9. Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

9.9.1. Pathophysiology of Feline Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
9.9.2. Biological Behavior
9.9.3. Diagnostic Procedure
9.9.4. Clinical Status
9.9.5. Treatment

9.9.5.1. Surgery
9.9.5.2. Radiotherapy
9.9.5.3. Chemotherapy
9.9.5.4. Other treatments

9.9.6. Prognosis

9.10. Other Oral Tumours

9.10.1. Osteosarcoma
9.10.2. Lymphoma
9.10.3. Mastocytoma
9.10.4. Tongue Cancer
9.10.5. Oral Tumours in Young Dogs
9.10.6. Multilobular Osteochondrosarcoma

Module 10. Oral Cavity Surgery in Small Animals

10.1. Surgical Pathology and Surgery of the Cheeks and Lips

10.1.1. Chewing Injuries
10.1.2. Lacerations
10.1.3. Lip Avulsion
10.1.4. Necrosis
10.1.5. Cheilitis and Dermatitis
10.1.6. Inappropriate Salivation
10.1.7. Tight Lip
10.1.8. Cleft Lip

10.2. Surgical Pathology and Tongue Surgery

10.2.1. Congenital Disorders
10.2.2. Infectious Disorders
10.2.3. Trauma
10.2.4. Miscellaneous
10.2.5. Neoplasms and Hyperplastic Lesions

10.3. Oropharyngeal Disorders

10.3.1. Dysphagia
10.3.2. Penetrating Wounds to the Pharynx

10.4. Surgical Pathology of the Tonsils

10.4.1. Tonsil Inflammation
10.4.2. Tonsil Neoplasia

10.5. Surgical Pathology of the Palate

10.5.1. Congenital Defects of the Palate

10.5.1.1. Cleft Lip
10.5.1.2. Cleft Palate

10.5.2. Acquired Defects of the Palate

10.5.2.1. Oro-Nasal Fistula
10.5.2.2. Trauma

10.6. Surgical Pathology of the Salivary Glands in the Dog

10.6.1. Surgical Diseases of the Salivary Glands
10.6.2. Sialocele
10.6.3. Sialoliths
10.6.4. Salivary Gland Neoplasia
10.6.5. Surgical Technique

10.7. Oncological Surgery of the Oral Cavity in Dogs and Cats

10.7.1. Sample Collection
10.7.2. Benign Neoplasms
10.7.3. Malignant Neoplasms
10.7.4. Surgical Management

10.8. Surgical Pathology of the TMJ.Surgical Pathology of the TMJ

10.8.1. Temporomandibular Joint Dysplasia
10.8.2. Fractures and Dislocations

10.9. Introduction to Jaw Fractures

10.9.1. Principles of Fracture Repair
10.9.2. Biomechanics of Jaw Fractures
10.9.3. Techniques in the Treatment of Fractures

10.10. Mandibular Fractures in the Dog and Cat

10.10.1. Fractures of the Jaw
10.10.2. Fractures of the Maxillofacial Region
10.10.3. Common Problems in Fracture Repair
10.10.4. Most Frequent Post-Surgical Complications

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