This specialization is the best option you can find to train in veterinary cardiology and make more accurate diagnoses"

Echocardiography in Small Animals is a subspecialty of Internal Medicine with a great development in the last decades. The teachers of this Postgraduate certificate are at the forefront of the latest diagnostic techniques and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in small animals. Thanks to their specialized training, they have developed a useful, practical program adapted to the current reality, a reality that is becoming more and more demanding.  

This comprehensive program compiles the different cardiovascular diseases affecting small animals. It starts with a solid development of the basics of cardiovascular physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology, so often forgotten and so important and useful in daily clinical practice, followed by the optimization of clinical examination and diagnostic tests, and ending with the latest therapeutic protocols and patient monitoring procedures. 

This Postgraduate certificate specializes the general practitioner in an area that is increasingly in demand, partly because of its frequency, partly because of the need for specialization that this area demands.   

In all the modules, a gradual exposition of physiological and pathophysiological knowledge has been established, a development of the protocols for approaching patients with cardiovascular diseases with diagnostic and treatment algorithms, as well as the monitoring that should be done in these patients, since many of these diseases are chronic. It compiles the author's experience, without forgetting scientific rigor and the most important updates based on evidence.

It develops the diseases, the action protocols and takes into account the integral approach to the patient, considering the disease, the patient and the owner in line with evidence-based medicine.  

All topics incorporate numerous multimedia material: photos, videos and diagrams, so important in a specialty where imaging techniques are of great importance.  

Finally, since this is an online Postgraduate certificate, the students are not conditioned by fixed schedules, nor do they need to move to another physical location. All of the content can be accessed at any time of the day, so you can balance your working or personal life with your academic life. 

Do not miss the opportunity to take this Postgraduate certificate with us. It's the perfect opportunity to advance your career and stand out in an industry with high demand for professionals”

This Postgraduate certificate in Echocardiography in Small Animals contains the most complete and up to date educational program on the market. The most important features of the program include: 

• The development of case studies presented by experts in Veterinary Cardiology
• The graphic, schematic, and eminently practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• New developments on Echocardiography in Small Animals 
• Practical exercises where the self assessment process can be carried out to improve learning 
• Special emphasis on innovative methodologies in Echocardiography in Small Animals 
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection work
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection 

This Postgraduate certificate is the best investment you can make in selecting a refresher program to update your veterinary knowledge in cardiology”

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive training programmed to train in real situations. 

This program is designed around Problem Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the academic program. For this purpose, the professional will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system developed by renowned experts with extensive experience in personal training.    

This training comes with the best didactic material, providing you with a contextual approach that will facilitate your learning”

This 100% online Postgraduate certificate will allow you to combine your studies with your professional work while increasing your knowledge in this field”

The structure of the content has been designed by the best professionals in the Echocardiography in Small Animals sector, with extensive experience and recognized prestige in the profession, backed by the volume of cases reviewed, studied, and diagnosed, and with extensive knowledge of new technologies applied to veterinary medicine.    

This Postgraduate certificate contains the most complete and up to date scientific program on the market” 

Module 1.  Complementary Tests Echocardiography  

1.1. Introduction Ultrasound and Equipment 

1.1.1. Ultrasound Physics 
1.1.2. Equipment and Transducers 
1.1.3. Doppler 
1.1.4. Artefacts  

1.2. Echocardiographic Examination 

1.2.1. Patient Preparation and Positioning 
1.2.2. 2D Two-dimensional Echocardiography 

1.2.2.1. Echocardiographic Slicing 
1.2.2.2. Two-dimensional Image Controls 

1.2.3. M-Mode  
1.2.4. Spectral Doppler  
1.2.5. Color Doppler 
1.2.6. Tissue Doppler  

1.3. Measurements and Assessment of 2-D and M-mode Images  

1.3.1. General aspects 
1.3.2. Left Ventricle and Mitral Valve  
1.3.3. Left Atrium  
1.3.4. Aorta  
1.3.5. Right Ventricle and Tricuspid Valve 
1.3.6. Right Atrium and Caval Veins 
1.3.7. Pulmonary Trunk and Arteries 
1.3.8. Pericardium 

1.4. Doppler Measurements and Assessment 

1.4.1. General Aspects 

1.4.1.1. Alignment 
1.4.1.2. Laminar and Turbulent Flow 
1.4.1.3. Hemodynamic Information  

1.4.2. Spectral Doppler: Aortic and Pulmonary Flow 
1.4.3. Spectral Doppler: Mitral and Tricuspid Flow 
1.4.4. Spectral Doppler: Flow of the Pulmonary and Left Atrial Veins 
1.4.5. Colour Doppler Assessment  
1.4.6. Tissue Doppler Measurement and Assessment 

1.5. Advanced Echocardiography 

1.5.1. Tissue Doppler-Derived Techniques 
1.5.2. Transesophageal Echocardiogram 
1.5.3. 3-D Echocardiography 

1.6. Hemodynamic Assessment I  

1.6.1. Left Ventricular Systolic Function 

1.6.1.1. M-Mode Analysis  
1.6.1.2. Two-Dimensional Analysis 
1.6.1.3. Spectral Doppler Analysis 
1.6.1.4. Tissue Doppler Analysis   

1.7. Hemodynamic Assessment II  

1.7.1. Left Ventricular Diastolic Function 

1.7.1.1. Types of Diastolic Dysfunction 

1.7.2. Left Ventricular Filling Pressures 
1.7.3. Right Ventricular Function 

1.7.3.1. Radial Systolic Function 
1.7.3.2. Longitudinal Systolic Function 
1.7.3.3. Tissue Doppler 

1.8. Hemodynamic Assessment III 

1.8.1. Spectral Doppler 

1.8.1.1. Pressure Gradients 
1.8.1.2. Pressure Half Time 
1.8.1.3. Regurgitation Volume and Fraction 
1.8.1.4. Shunt Quota 

1.8.2. M-Mode 

1.8.2.1. Aorta 
1.8.2.2. Mitral 
1.8.2.3. Septum 
1.8.2.4. Left Ventricular Free Wall 

1.9. Hemodynamic Assessment IV 

1.9.1. Color Doppler 

1.9.1.1. Jet Size 
1.9.1.2. PISA 
1.9.1.3. Contracted Vein 

1.9.2. Assessment of Mitral Regurgitation  
1.9.3. Assessment of Tricuspid Regurgitation 
1.9.4. Assessment of Aortic Regurgitation 
1.9.5. Assessment of Pulmonary Regurgitation 

1.10. Thoracic Ultrasound 

1.10.1. Thoracic Ultrasound 

1.10.1.1. Spills 
1.10.1.2. Masses 
1.10.1.3. Pulmonary Parenchyma 

1.10.2. Echocardiography in Exotic Animals 

1.10.2.1. Rabbits 
1.10.2.2. Ferrets 
1.10.2.3. Rodents 

1.10.3. Others 

Achieve professional success with this high level training provided by prestigious professionals with extensive experience in the sector"