Enroll in this Hybrid professional master’s degree and update all your skills to become a first level nurse in the care of pediatric patients with hemato-pathologies”

Currently, Pediatric Hematology Services are constantly calling for the best healthcare personnel. In particular, nursing professionals attending these care units must be trained in accordance with the latest innovations and be up to date on how to assess and monitor the condition of patients. They are also expected to know the clinical manifestations of adverse reactions to specific drugs and to maintain prevention against infections in the case of pediatric patients who have undergone hematopoietic cell transplants.

Faced with this scenario, TECH presents this program that will allow nurses to develop their potential to the fullest, in relation to the latest scientific evidence. To this end, the program is structured in two well-defined parts, with the mission of delving into different aspects of learning within each of them. In the first instance, and in a 100% online format, the professional will acquire all the necessary knowledge to undertake the most up to date work protocols of the Pediatric Hematology Service. All this on an interactive platform with numerous multimedia resources, including infographics and videos, which will assist the graduate during 1,500 hours of study.

The second part of this Hybrid professional master’s degree consists of a practical internship in a renowned hospital. This period of face-to-face training will last 3 weeks, from Monday to Friday with 8 consecutive hours of training. Through this didactic experience, the nursing professional will be able to deal with real patients always accompanied by a team made up of the best experts. They will be in charge of instructing you to be able to apply the latest and most effective procedures in the daily practice of your profession. The assimilation of this knowledge will be supervised by a highly qualified assistant tutor. Thus, graduates of this program will start working in an ever-changing sector with the guarantee of having the best update on the educational market.

Incorporate into your daily practice the latest nursing strategies for the management of newborns, children and adolescents in anemic conditions”

This Hybrid professional master’s degree in Pediatric Hematology Nursing contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include:

• Development of more than 100 clinical cases presented by nursing professionals
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Comprehensive systematized action plans for major pathologies
• An algorithm-based interactive learning system for decision-making in the clinical situations presented throughout the course
• Practical clinical guides on approaching different pathologies
• All this will be complemented by theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection
• In addition, you will be able to carry out a clinical internship in one of the best hospitals in the world

Throughout the 120 hours of clinical practice proposed by TECH, you will acquire a holistic mastery of the protocols for recording and monitoring infections following hematopoietic cell transplantation”

In this proposed Professional Master's Degree, of a professionalizing nature and blended learning modality, the program is aimed at updating nursing professionals who require a high level of qualification. The content is based on the latest scientific evidence and is organized in a didactic way to integrate theoretical knowledge into nursing practice. The theoretical-practical elements allow professionals to update their knowledge and help them to make the right decisions in patient care.

Thanks to their multimedia content developed with the latest educational technology, they will allow the Nursing professional to obtain situated and contextual learning, that is to say, a simulated environment that will provide immersive learning programmed to train in real situations. This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this purpose, students will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system developed by renowned experts.

With this program, you will analyze in a theoretical way several simulated clinical cases, thus facilitating the development of new specific competencies for your daily work as a nurse"

Complete the clinical practice of this Hybrid professional master’s degree with a multidisciplinary team of experts who will help you expand your skills"

This Hybrid professional master’s degree delves into the latest trends in nursing for the care of pediatric patients with hematologic pathologies. Throughout the academic agenda, the most updated protocols of this professional field have been provided, emphasizing the best tools of the moment for this kind of tasks. Likewise, the program examines multidisciplinary work strategies within the Pediatric Hematology Service. All these contents will be accessible on an interactive and 100% online platform, designed by TECH to enhance learning with the assistance of innovative didactic methods such as Relearning.

The theoretical phase of this Hybrid professional master’s degree is not subject to pre-established schedules or timetables so that you can self-manage your academic progress in a personalized way”

Module 1. Principles of Neonatal and Pediatric Hematology

1.1. Fetal Hematopoiesis

1.1.1. Introduction to Prenatal Hematopoiesis
1.1.2. Mesoblastic or Megaloblastic Hematopoiesis
1.1.3. Hepatic Phase
1.1.4. Splenic Phase
1.1.5. Medullary or Myeloid Phase

1.2. Healthy Newborn

1.2.1. Fetal Development
1.2.2. Changes at Birth
1.2.3. First Month of Life

1.3. Postnatal Hematopoiesis

1.3.1. General Concepts of Postnatal Hematopoiesis
1.3.2. Types of Hematopoietic Tissue

1.3.2.1. Myeloid Tissue
1.3.2.2. Lymphoid Tissue

1.3.3. Regulation of Hematopoiesis. Stimulation and Inhibition
1.3.4. Erythropoiesis

1.3.4.1. Hemoglobin Synthesis
1.3.4.2. Hemoglobin Disorders

1.3.5. Granulocytopoiesis
1.3.6. Monocytopoiesis
1.3.7. Platelet Formation

1.4. Composition of the Blood: Formed Elements

1.4.1. Introduction to Blood Cells and Blood Plasma
1.4.2. Blood Functions
1.4.3. Blood Components

1.4.3.1. Plasma
1.4.3.2. Formal Elements

1.4.3.2.1. Red Blood Cells or Erythrocytes
1.4.3.2.2. Leukocytes

1.4.3.2.2.1. Granular (Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils)
1.4.3.2.2.2. Non-Granular (Lymphocytes, Monocytes)

1.5. Blood Composition: Blood Plasma

1.5.1. Blood Plasma Composition

1.5.1.1. Plasma Proteins

1.5.1.1.1. Albumins
1.5.1.1.2. Globulins
1.5.1.1.3. Fibrinogen
1.5.1.1.4. Others

1.5.2. Plasma Functions
1.5.3. Differences Between Plasma and Serum

1.6. Blood Groups

1.6.1. Introduction
1.6.2. A-B-O Antigen Group -A-B

1.6.2.1. A and B Antigens: Agglutinogens
1.6.2.2. Genetic Determination of Agglutinogens
1.6.2.3. Agglutinin
1.6.2.4. Agglutination Process in Transfusion Reactions
1.6.2.5. Blood Typing

1.6.3. Rh Blood Type

1.6.3.1. Rh Antigens
1.6.3.2. Rh Immune Response
1.6.3.3. Erythroblastosis Fetalis ("Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn")

1.7. Immune System

1.7.1. General Concepts of Immunology
1.7.2. Immune System Functions
1.7.3. Immune System Organs

1.7.3.1. Skin and Mucous Membranes
1.7.3.2. Thymus
1.7.3.3. Liver and Bone Marrow
1.7.3.4. Bladder
1.7.3.5. Lymph Nodes

1.7.4. The Innate or Non-Specific System
1.7.5. The Adaptive or Specific System
1.7.6. Humoral Elements in the Immune Response

1.7.6.1. T Lymphocytes
1.7.6.2. Natural Killer Cells (NK)
1.7.6.3. Antigen-Presenting Cells (HLA Antigen, Macrophages, Dendritic Cells, B Lymphocytes)
1.7.6.4. Polymorphonuclear Cells: Neutrophils, Basophils and Eosinophils

1.8. Fundamentals of Hemostasis

1.8.1. Introduction
1.8.2. Primary Hemostasis

1.8.2.1. Vessels, Endothelium and Platelets
1.8.2.2. Physiology

1.8.2.2.1. Initiation (Platelet Adhesion)
1.8.2.2.2. Extension (Platelet Activation)
1.8.2.2.3. Perpetuation (Platelet Aggregation and Procoagulant Activity)

1.8.3. Secondary Hemostasis or Coagulation

1.8.3.1. Coagulation Factors
1.8.3.2. Physiology

1.8.3.2.1. Extrinsic Pathway
1.8.3.2.2. Intrinsic Pathway

1.8.4. Control Mechanisms of the Coagulation Process
1.8.5. Clot Removal and Fibrinolysis
1.8.6. Laboratory Tests

1.8.6.1. To Assess Primary Hemostasis
1.8.6.2. To Assess Coagulation

1.9. Healthy Children

1.9.1. Infant: 1- 24- months
1.9.2. Pre-school Stage
1.9.3. School Stage

1.10. Adolescent Stage
1.11. Introduction to Hematologic Diseases in Pediatrics

1.11.1. Introduction
1.11.2. Non-Malignant Hematologic Diseases

1.11.2.1. In the Newborn

1.11.2.1.1. Specificities
1.11.2.1.2. Most Frequent Hematologic Disorders

1.11.2.1.2.1. Non-Physiologic Neonatal Jaundice
1.11.2.1.2.3. Other Types of Anemia in Newborns
1.11.2.1.2.4. Hemorrhagic Disorders
1.11.2.1.2.5. Polycythemia
1.11.2.1.2.6. Neonatal Shock

1.11.2.2. In the Child

1.11.2.2.1. Specificities
1.11.2.2.2. Most Common Pathologies

1.11.2.2.2.1. Anemia in Pediatrics
1.11.2.2.2.2. Haemoglobinopathies
1.11.2.2.2.3. Alterations of Coagulation and Hemostasis
1.11.2.2.2.4. Non-Malignant Granulocyte Diseases
1.11.2.2.2.5. Primary Immunodeficiencies
1.11.2.2.2.6. Congenital Spinal Cord Insufficiencies
1.11.2.2.2.7. Most Frequent Infections

1.11.3. Malignant Hematologic Diseases

1.11.3.1. Leukaemias
1.11.3.2. Lymphomas

1.11.3.2.1. Hodgkin's Lymphomas
1.11.3.2.2. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas

Module 2. Non-Malignant Hematologic Disorder in the Newborn

2.1. Hematologic Reference Values in the Newborn

2.1.1. Introduction
2.1.2. Blood Count Reference Values in the Term Newborn

2.1.2.1. Red Blood Cell Reference Values in the Term Newborn
2.1.2.2. White Cell Reference Values in the Term Newborn

2.1.3. Biochemistry Reference Values in the Term Newborn
2.1.4. Hemostasis Reference Values in the Term Newborn
2.1.5. Blood Gas Analysis Reference Values in the Term Newborn

2.1.5.1. Blood Gases at Birth
2.1.5.2. Blood Gas at 24 Hours of Life

2.2. Non-Physiologic Neonatal Jaundice and Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

2.2.1. Introduction
2.2.2. Basic Pathogenic Concepts
2.2.3. Etiopathogenesis

2.2.3.1. Physiologic Jaundice
2.2.3.2. Non-Physiologic Jaundice
2.2.3.3. Jaundice due to Rh Factor Incompatibility

2.2.3.3.1. Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

2.2.4. Clinical Complications

2.2.4.1. Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy
2.2.4.2. Chronic Encephalopathy or Kernicterus

2.2.5. Diagnosis of the Newborn with Jaundice

2.2.5.1. Medical History
2.2.5.2. Physical Examination
2.2.5.3. Laboratory Tests

2.2.6. Treatment

2.2.6.1. Phototherapy
2.2.6.2. Exchange Transfusion
2.2.6.3. Pharmacotherapy

2.3. Preterm Anemia

2.3.1. Definition of Anemia of Prematurity (AOP)

2.3.1.1. Anemia Considerations in the Preterm Newborn (PTNB)
2.3.1.2. Features of a RNPT
2.3.1.3. Hematologic Features of a PTNB

2.3.2. Classification of Anemia by Weeks of Gestation and Corrected Weeks of Gestation
2.3.3. Epidemiology of Anemia in the PTNB
2.3.4. Pathophysiology and Most Common Causes of Anemia in Preterm Newborn

2.3.4.1. Anemia Related to Decreased Erythrocyte Production
2.3.4.2. Anemia Related to Increased Erythrocyte Destruction
2.3.4.3. Anemia Related to Total Blood Volume Loss

2.3.5. Clinical Symptoms

2.3.5.1. Generalities
2.3.5.2. Related to the Cause
2.3.5.3. Gestational Age-Related

2.3.6. Diagnosis

2.3.6.1. Prenatal Diagnosis. Is it Possible?
2.3.6.2. Differential Diagnosis
2.3.6.3. Complementary Tests

2.3.6.3.1. General Aspects
2.3.6.3.2. How to Perform a Hemogram Correctly in a PTNB?

2.3.7. Treatment

2.3.7.1. Blood Transfusion Treatment
2.3.7.2. Other Treatments of the Cause

2.3.7.2.1. Erythropoietin Administration
2.3.7.2.2. Autotransfusions

2.3.8. Evolution and Prognosis of Anemia in the PTNB

2.4. Other Types of Anemia in Newborns and Infants

2.4.1. Difference Between Physiologic and Non-Physiologic Anemia
2.4.2. Most Important Pathophysiological Differences between PTNB and Term Newborns (TNB)
2.4.3. Causes of Anemia in Newborns and Infants

2.4.3.1. Hemorrhagic
2.4.3.2. Hemolytic
2.4.3.3. Hypoplastic

2.4.4. Characteristics of Hypoplastic Anemias

2.4.4.1. Physiological Hypoplastic Anemia
2.4.4.2. Congenital Hypoplastic Anemia

2.4.4.2.1. Diamond-Blackfan
2.4.4.2.2. Fanconi's Anemia
2.4.4.2.3. Dyserythropoietic
2.4.4.2.4. Idiopathic Aplasia
2.4.4.2.5. Estren-Dameshek

2.4.4.3. Secondary Aplastic Anemia

2.4.4.3.1. Congenital Leukemia
2.4.4.3.2. Infections
2.4.4.3.3. Post-Transfusion Anemia
2.4.4.3.4. Others

2.4.5. Secondary Aplastic Anemia
2.4.6. Differential Diagnosis and Complementary Tests
2.4.7. Transfusion Treatments and Criteria According to Age (TNB/Infant)
2.4.8. Other Treatments:  Exchange Transfusion
2.4.9. Considerations of Treatments. New Treatments

2.5. Hemorrhagic Disorders in the Newborn

2.5.1. Introduction
2.5.2. Clinical Symptoms
2.5.3. Etiology of Hemorrhagic Disorders in the Newborn

2.5.3.1. Acquired Causes

2.5.3.1.1. Vitamin K Deficiency
2.5.3.1.2. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
2.5.3.1.3. Hepatopathy or Liver Disease
2.5.3.1.4. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO)
2.5.3.1.5. Others: α2 Antiplasmin Deficiency, Vascular Problems, Obstetric Trauma, Platelet Qualitative Disorders, Acquired Immune and Non-immune Thrombopenias

2.5.3.2. Hereditary Causes

2.5.3.2.1. Congenital Deficiency of Clotting Factors: Hemophilia, von Willebrand's Disease

2.5.4. Diagnosis of the Newborn with Hemorrhage

2.5.4.1. Medical History
2.5.4.2. Physical Examination
2.5.4.3. Laboratory Tests

2.5.5. Treatment of Hemorrhage in the Newborn

2.6. Polycythemia in the Newborn

2.6.1. Introduction
2.6.2. Etiopathogenesis

2.6.2.1. Blood Transfusion (Hypervolemia)
2.6.2.2. Increased Erythropoiesis (Normovolemia)
2.6.2.3. Hemoconcentration due to Volume Depletion
2.6.2.4. Others: Physiological, Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome

2.6.3. Clinical Symptoms

2.6.3.1. Neurological Manifestations
2.6.3.2. Hematological Manifestations
2.6.3.3. Cardiac Manifestations
2.6.3.4. Respiratory Manifestations
2.6.3.5. Gastrointestinal Manifestations
2.6.3.6. Renal and Genitourinary Manifestations
2.6.3.7. Dermatological Manifestations
2.6.3.8. Metabolic Manifestations

2.6.4. Diagnosis
2.6.5. Treatment of Polycythemia in the Newborn

2.6.5.1. General Measures
2.6.5.2. Partial Exchange Transfusion

2.6.6. Prognosis

2.7. Thrombocytopenia in the Newborn

2.7.1. Introduction
2.7.2. Clinical Symptoms
2.7.3. Etiology

2.7.3.1. Acquired Thrombocytopenias

2.7.3.1.1. Diseases: Hepatopathies, Intraventricular Hemorrhage
2.7.3.1.2. Severe Jaundice

2.7.3.2. Hereditary Thrombocytopenias

2.7.3.2.1. Autosomal Recessive: Glanzmann Thrombasthenia, Bernard-Soulier Syndrome
2.7.3.2.2. Autosomal Dominant: Platelet-Type von Willebrand's Disease, Quebec Platelet Syndrome

2.7.4. Classification According to the Type of Thrombocytopenia

2.7.4.1. Immune Neonatal Thrombocytopenia: Alloimmune or Autoimmune
2.7.4.2. Infectious Neonatal Thrombocytopenia
2.7.4.3. Neonatal Thrombocytopenia of Genetic Origin
2.7.4.4. Various Causes

2.7.5. Diagnosis of the Newborn with Hemorrhage

2.7.5.1. Medical History
2.7.5.2. Physical Examination
2.7.5.3. Laboratory Tests

2.7.6. Treatment of Thrombocytopenia in the Newborn

2.8. Neonatal Shock

2.8.1. Introduction

2.8.1.1. Pathophysiological Bases
2.8.1.2. Types of Shock
2.8.1.3. Risk Factors Associated with Neonatal Shock

2.8.2. Etiology of Neonatal Shock
2.8.3. Clinical Symptoms of Neonatal Shock
2.8.4. Diagnosis of Neonatal Shock

2.8.4.1. Medical History
2.8.4.2. Physical Examination
2.8.4.3. Complementary Tests

2.8.5. Treatment of Neonatal Shock

Module 3. Specificities of Care in Newborns with Non-Malignant Hematologic Disorders

3.1. Developmental and Family-Centered Care Model NIDCAP

3.1.1. Introduction to the Model
3.1.2. Synactive Theory
3.1.3. Newborn Neurodevelopment and Behaviors
3.1.4. The Family as Primary Caregiver
3.1.5. Teamwork

3.2. Application of NIDCAP in the Newborn

3.2.1. Positioning and Manipulation
3.2.2. Babysitting Method
3.2.3. Painful Procedures
3.2.4. Inclusion of the Family in Care

3.3. Adaptation of the Neonatal Unit According to the NIDCAP Model

3.3.1. Lighting and Acoustic Control
3.3.2. Doors Open 24-hour
3.3.3. Grouping of Procedures and Manipulations
3.3.4. Sibling Project
3.3.5. Joint Hospitalization
3.3.6. "With You Like at Home”

3.4. The Importance of Feeding and Nutrition in the Newborn

3.4.1. Feeding of the Newborn with Non-Malignant Hematologic Disorder
3.4.2. Breastfeeding
3.4.3. Maternal Milk Bank
3.4.4. Artificial Breastfeeding

3.5. Diagnostic and Monitoring Procedures in the Newborn

3.5.1. Anamnesis and Detailed Examination
3.5.2. Blood Group and Coombs Test
3.5.3. Blood Analysis
3.5.4. Transcutaneous Bilirubin
3.5.5. Food Control and Elimination
3.5.6. Other Procedures

3.6. Venous Access in the Newborn

3.6.1. Umbilical Venous Catheter (UVC)
3.6.2. Epicutaneo-Cava Catheter
3.6.3. Broviac Type Tunneled Central Venous Catheter
3.6.4. Central Femoral and Jugular Venous Lines
3.6.5. Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheter (PICC)
3.6.6. Peripheral Venous Route

3.7. Most Frequent Treatments in the Newborn with Hematologic Disorder

3.7.1. Hemorrhagic Disease Prophylaxis
3.7.2. Phototherapy
3.7.3. Intravenous Immunoglobulins
3.7.4. Serum Albumin
3.7.5. Exchange Transfusion
3.7.6. Complementary Treatments
3.7.7.    Metalloporphyrins

3.8. Specific Nursing Care in the Management of the Infant with Non-Physiologic Neonatal Jaundice

3.8.1. Theoretical Framework

3.8.1.1. Nursing Care Based on the Model of Virginia Henderson

3.8.2. Nursing Care of Newborns with Non-Physiologic Neonatal Jaundice

3.8.2.1. Nursing Care Related to Phototherapy
3.8.2.2. Nursing Care Related to Exchange Transfusion
3.8.2.3. Nursing Care Related to Pharmacological Treatment

3.8.3. Phases of the Nursing Process

3.8.3.1. Assessment
3.8.3.2. Detection of Problems Diagnosis
3.8.3.3. NOC Planning
3.8.3.4. NIC Execution
3.8.3.5. Assessment

Module 4. Non-Malignant Hematologic Disorder in Children

4.1. Anemia in Pediatrics (I)

4.1.1. Introduction. Concepts
4.1.2. General Pathophysiology of Anemia in Pediatrics
4.1.3. Classification of Anemia

4.1.3.1. Morfoligical
4.1.3.2. Pathophysiological
4.1.3.3. By Establishment

4.1.4. Prevalence and Incidence of Anemia in Pediatrics
4.1.5. General Signs and Symptoms
4.1.6. Differential Diagnosis According to Type of Anemia
4.1.7. Iron Deficiency Anemia

4.2. Anemia in Pediatrics (II)

4.2.1. Microcytic Anemia

4.2.1.1. Iron Deficiency
4.2.1.2. Thalassemia
4.2.1.3. Chronic Inflammatory Disease
4.2.1.4. Others

4.2.1.4.1. Copper Deficiency Anemia
4.2.1.4.2. Anemia due to Intoxication
4.2.1.4.3. Others

4.2.2. Normocytic Anemia

4.2.2.1. Definition and Possible Causes

4.2.2.1.1. Bone Marrow Aplasia/Hypoplasia
4.2.2.1.2. Hemophagocytic Syndrome

4.2.3. Macrocytic Anemia

4.2.3.1. Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anemia
4.2.3.2. Folate Deficiency Anemia
4.2.3.3. Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome
4.2.3.4. Bone Marrow Failure

4.2.4. Hemolytic Disorders

4.2.4.1. Haemoglobinopathies
4.2.4.2. Enzymopathies
4.2.4.3. Immune Hemolytic Anemia
4.2.4.4. Extrinsic Factors

4.2.4.4.1. Wilson's disease
4.2.4.4.2. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
4.2.4.4.3. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
4.2.4.4.4. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation

4.3. Hemoglobinopathies: Sickle Cell Disease and Thalassemias

4.3.1. Quantitative Hemoglobinopathies: Thalassemias

4.3.1.1. Definition
4.3.1.2. Pathophysiology
4.3.1.3. Clinical Symptoms of Thalassemia Major or Cooley's Anemia
4.3.1.4. Treatment

4.3.1.4.1. Hypertransfusion and Iron Chelators
4.3.1.4.2. Allogeneic HSCT

4.3.2. Qualitative Hemoglobinopathies: Sickle Cell Disease

4.3.2.1. Definition
4.3.2.2. Clinical Symptoms

4.3.2.2.1. Hemolytic Anemia, Vasculopathy and Chronic Organ Damage
4.3.2.2.2. Vaso-Occlusive Crises
4.3.2.2.3. Infections
4.3.2.2.4. Others

4.3.2.3. Treatment

4.3.2.3.1. From Pain
4.3.2.3.2. Urgent
4.3.2.3.3. Surgical Intervention
4.3.2.3.4. Allogeneic HSCT

4.4. Alterations of Coagulation and Hemostasis in Pediatrics

4.4.1. Thrombocytopenia

4.4.1.1. Concept
4.4.1.2. Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP)

4.4.1.2.1. Definition
4.4.1.2.2. Etiology
4.4.1.2.3. Clinical Symptoms
4.4.1.2.4. Treatment

4.4.1.2.4.1. Intravenous Corticosteroids and Immunoglobulins
4.4.1.2.4.2. IgG anti-D, Chrysotherapy
4.4.1.2.4.3. Splenectomy, Thrombopoietin Receptor Agonists, Rituximab
4.4.1.2.4.4. According to Acute or Chronic

4.4.2. Hemophilia A and B

4.4.2.1. Etiology
4.4.2.2. Clinical Symptoms
4.4.2.3. Treatment

4.4.2.3.1. Inactivated or Recombinant Plasma Concentrate
4.4.2.3.2. Desmopressin
4.4.2.3.3. Vaccination and Sport Specificities

4.4.3. Von Willebrand Disease (VWD)

4.4.3.1. Definition
4.4.3.2. Etiology
4.4.3.3. Clinical Symptoms
4.4.3.4. Treatment

4.5. Non-Malignant Granulocyte Diseases

4.5.1. Neutropenia

4.5.1.1. Classification
4.5.1.2. Severe Congenital Neutropenia

4.5.1.2.1. Signs and Symptoms
4.5.1.2.2. Epidemiology
4.5.1.2.3. Diagnosis
4.5.1.2.4. Treatment
4.5.1.2.5. Complications

4.5.2. Congenital Defects of Phagocyte Function

4.5.2.1. Clinical Characteristics
4.5.2.2. Prevalence
4.5.2.3. Genetic Diagnosis and Advice
4.5.2.4. Treatment

4.6. Primary Immunodeficiencies

4.6.1. Introduction to Primary Immunodeficiencies (PID)
4.6.2. PID Clinic
4.6.3. Diagnosis of PID
4.6.4. Types of PID
4.6.5. PID Treatment

4.7. Congenital Medullary Insufficiencies (CMI)

4.7.1. Concept
4.7.2. Classification

4.7.2.1. Global Medullary Insufficiencies

4.7.2.1.1. Definition
4.7.2.1.2. Fanconi's Anemia
4.7.2.1.3. Shwachman-Diamond Syndrome

4.7.2.1.3.1. Introduction
4.7.2.1.3.2. Clinical Symptoms
4.7.2.1.3.3. Treatment

4.7.2.2. Isolated Medullary Insufficiencies

4.7.2.2.1. Blackfan-Diamond Anemia

4.7.2.2.1.1. Definition
4.7.2.2.1.2. Clinical Symptoms
4.7.2.2.1.3. Treatment

4.8. Congenital Medullary Insufficiencies: Fanconi's Anemia

4.8.1. Definition
4.8.2. Differentiation Between Fanconi's Anemia and Fanconi's Syndrome
4.8.3. Characteristics of Fanconi's Anemia
4.8.4. Diagnosis

4.8.4.1. Diagnostic suspicion

4.8.4.1.1. For Sibling Diagnosed with Fanconi's Anemia
4.8.4.1.2. Due to the Appearance of Aplastic Anemia or Bone Marrow Failure
4.8.4.1.3. For the Appearance of Myelodysplasia or Leukemia

4.8.4.2. Tests

4.8.4.2.1. Prenatal Diagnosis
4.8.4.2.2. Ultrasound
4.8.4.2.3. Flow Cytometry Analysis
4.8.4.2.4. Blood Count
4.8.4.2.5. Bone Marrow Aspirate (BMA) and Bone Marrow Biopsy
4.8.4.2.6. Others

4.8.5. Treatment

4.8.5.1. Support

4.8.5.1.1. Androgen Derivatives
4.8.5.1.2. Growth Factors
4.8.5.1.3. Blood Transfusions

4.8.5.2. Curative

4.8.5.2.1. Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Transplantation
4.8.5.2.2. Genetic Therapy

4.8.6. Prognosis

4.9. Most Frequent Infections in Pediatric Patient with Hematologic Disorder

4.9.1. Infection Predisposing Factors
4.9.2. Infection Prevention
4.9.3. Most Frequent Infections

4.9.3.1. Febrile Neutropenia
4.9.3.2. Bacteremia
4.9.3.3. Sepsis and Septic Shock
4.9.3.4. Respiratory Infections
4.9.3.5. Digestive Infections
4.9.3.6. CNS Infections
4.9.3.7. Infections by Multi-Resistant Organisms
4.9.3.8. Viral Infections

Module 5. Malignant Hematologic Disorder in Pediatrics

5.1. Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of Hematologic Cancer in Pediatrics

5.1.1. Epidemiology of Hematologic Cancer in Pediatrics

5.1.1.1. General Aspects
5.1.1.2. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
5.1.1.3. Hodgkin's Lymphomas
5.1.1.4. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas

5.1.2. Pathophysiology of Cancer in Pediatrics

5.1.2.1. Unlimited Replication Potential
5.1.2.2. Clonal Expansion
5.1.2.3. Aberrant Differentiation
5.1.2.4. Avoidance of Apoptosis

5.2. Standard or Intermediate-risk B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) in Pediatrics

5.2.1. Introduction
5.2.2. Clinical Symptoms
5.2.3. Diagnosis
5.2.4. Treatment

5.3. High-Risk B-ALL and T-ALL in Pediatrics

5.3.1. High Risk B-ALL

5.3.1.1. Introduction
5.3.1.2. Clinical Symptoms
5.3.1.3. Diagnosis
5.3.1.4. Treatment

5.3.2. T-ALL

5.3.2.1. Introduction
5.3.2.2. Clinical Symptoms
5.3.2.3. Diagnosis
5.3.2.4. Treatment

5.4. Leukemia in Infants (Infantile Leukemia)

5.4.1. Introduction
5.4.2. Chromosomal Alterations
5.4.3. Clinical Characteristics
5.4.5. Therapeutic Approaches
5.4.6. Survival

5.5. Acute Myeloid Leukemia Infantile

5.5.1. Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Pediatrics

5.5.1.1. Association to Syndromes
5.5.1.2. Stratification by Risk Groups

5.5.2. Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in Pediatrics (ALL or AML L3)

5.5.2.1. Morfoligical
5.5.2.2. Translocations
5.5.2.3. Characteristic Coagulopathy
5.5.2.4. Treatment
5.5.2.5. Controls

5.6. Others Leukemias and Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Pediatrics

5.6.1. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia

5.6.1.1. Clinical Symptoms
5.6.1.2. Treatment

5.6.2. Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia (JMML)

5.6.2.1. Definition
5.6.2.2. Clinical Symptoms
5.6.2.3. Treatment
5.6.2.4. New Therapies
5.6.2.5. Myelodysplastic Syndromes

5.7. Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Pediatrics

5.7.1. Introduction
5.7.2. Clinical Symptoms
5.7.3. Diagnosis and Staging
5.7.4. Treatment
5.7.5. Prognosis

5.8. Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma in Pediatrics

5.8.1. Introduction
5.8.2. Classification
5.8.3. Clinical Symptoms
5.8.4. Diagnosis and Staging
5.8.5. Treatment

5.9. Burkitt Lymphoma

5.9.1. Specific Characteristics
5.9.2. Ways It Presents Itself
5.9.3. Clinical Symptoms
5.9.4. Diagnosis
5.9.5. Treatment

5.10. Malignant Histiocytosis

5.10.1. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH)

5.10.1.1. Clinical Symptoms
5.10.1.2. Diagnosis
5.10.1.3. Treatment

5.10.2. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

5.10.2.1. Diagnosis
5.10.2.2. Treatment

Module 6. Pharmacological Treatment and Nursing Care of Children with Hematologic Disorder

6.1. Central and Peripheral Venous Catheters. Nursing Care

6.1.1. Introduction
6.1.2. Choice of Catheter
6.1.3. Peripheral Venous Accesses
6.1.4. Central Venous Accesses

6.2. The Great Ally: Subcutaneous Reservoir. Most Important Aspects of Its Care

6.2.1. Introduction
6.2.2. Placement Indications
6.2.3. Advantages and Disadvantages
6.2.4. Implementation
6.2.5. Withdrawal

6.3. General Principles of Drug Administration in Pediatrics

6.3.1. Safety in the Administration of Drugs in Pediatric Hematology
6.3.2. Routes of Administration and Care
6.3.3. Recording of Drug Administration
6.3.4. Main Drugs to Support Treatment

6.4. Most Relevant Treatments in Patients with Immunodeficiencies

6.4.1. General Measures
6.4.2. Prophylactic and/or Symptomatic Treatment
6.4.3. Replacement Therapy
6.4.4. Curative Treatment

6.5. Antineoplastic Treatment (I)

6.5.1. Chemotherapy Fundamentals
6.5.2. Indications of Chemotherapy
6.5.3. Criteria of Response to Treatment
6.5.4. Drug Resistance
6.5.6. Forms of Chemotherapy Administration
6.5.7. Interaction of Chemotherapy with Other Drugs
6.5.8. Chemotherapy Regimens
6.5.9. Dose Intensity

6.6. Antineoplastic Treatment (II)

6.6.1. Most Commonly Used Antineoplastic Agents in Pediatric Hematology
6.6.2. Chemoprotective Agents
6.6.3. Short- and Medium-Term Side Effects

6.7. Administration of Antineoplastic Drugs. Most Important Care

6.7.1. General Measures in the Administration of Cytostatics
6.7.2. Risk Prevention in the Administration of Cytostatics

6.7.2.1. Safety Circuit
6.7.2.2. Drug Reception and Storage
6.7.2.3. Dual Validation of Pharmacological and Non-Pharmacological Measures Prior to Drug Infusion
6.7.2.4. Double Validation of the Antineoplastic Drug
6.7.2.5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
6.7.2.6. Drug Corroboration at the Bedside

6.7.3. Nursing Care by Route of Administration

6.7.3.1. Nursing Care in Oral Administration
6.7.3.2. Nursing Care in Intramuscular Administration
6.7.3.3. Nursing Care in Intrathecal Administration
6.7.3.4. Nursing Care in Intra-Arterial Administration

6.7.4. Nursing Action in the Event of a Cytostatic Spill

6.8. Administration of Antineoplastic Drugs. Most Important Care

6.8.1. Agents with Irritant Capacity and Toxicity of Antineoplastic Agents
6.8.2. Pre-, During and Post-Administration Care
6.8.3. Action in case of Complications

6.9. Hemotherapy Support in Pediatrics. Most Important Care

6.9.1. Blood Products

6.9.1.1. Whole Blood
6.9.1.2. Red Blood Cell Concentrate
6.9.1.3. Platelet Concentrate
6.9.1.4. Fresh Plasma

6.9.2. Irradiation and Washing of Products
6.9.3. Transfusion Indications and Dosage
6.9.4. Request

6.9.4.1. Documentation
6.9.4.2. Crossmatch Sample

6.9.5. Administration of Blood Derivatives
6.9.6. Adverse Reactions
6.9.7. Transfusion Safety

Module 7. Nursing Care of the Child/Adolescent with Severe Hematologic Disease and Their Family

7.1. "Careful Care" for the Child/Adolescent and Their Family

7.1.1. Fragility and Vulnerability:

7.1.1.1. For the People We Care For
7.1.1.2. For Nursing Professionals

7.1.2. Sympathy, Empathy and Compassion:

7.1.2.1. For the People We Care For
7.1.2.2. For Nursing Professionals

7.1.3. Bioethics and Pediatrics

7.1.3.1. Paternalism in Pediatrics
7.1.3.2. The Problem of Autonomy in Minors
7.1.3.3. Assent and Informed Consent in Minors
7.1.3.4. Autonomy in Adolescence and the Mature Child
7.1.3.5. Legal Capacity of the Minor
7.1.3.6. Parental Access to Medical Records
7.1.3.7. Care Ethics Committee (CEA)
7.1.3.8. Nursing as an Ethical Guarantee

7.2. Safety as a Priority in Pediatric Hematology

7.2.1. Why and What For?
7.2.2. Professionals Involved
7.2.3. Safety Priorities
7.2.4. Care Based on Scientific Evidence
7.2.5. Safety in the Pediatric Hematology Unit

7.3. Child/Adolescent and Family Reception at the Onset of Severe Hematologic Disease

7.3.1. The Onset of the Child and Adolescent with Severe Hematologic Disease
7.3.2. Care in the Pediatric Emergencies Unit
7.3.3. Care in the Hospitalization Unit

7.4. Observation and Active Nursing Listening in Pediatric Hematology

7.4.1. Differences Between Seeing, Looking and Observing
7.4.2. Objectives of Active Observation
7.4.3. Moments of Observation in Pediatric Hematology

7.4.3.1. Observation of the Child
7.4.3.2. Observation of the Family

7.4.4. Obstacles and Difficulties

7.5. Nursing Assessment and Diagnosis in Pediatric Hematology

7.5.1. Basis of Nursing Assessment

7.5.1.1. Process, Planned, Systematic, Continuous, Deliberate
7.5.1.2. Assessment Objectives
7.5.1.3. Types of Assessment According to Objectives
7.5.1.4. Overall Assessment
7.5.1.5. Focused Assessment

7.5.2. Stages of the Process of Nursing Assessment

7.5.2.1. Obtaining Results
7.5.2.2. Assessment of Information
7.5.2.3. Standardized Assessment in Pediatric Hematology

7.5.3. Detection of Problems in Pediatric Hematology
7.5.4. Interdependent Problems in Pediatric Hematology
7.5.5. Most frequent Nursing Diagnoses in Pediatric Hematology According to the Situation

7.6. Nursing Care in Symptom Control in Pediatric Hematology

7.6.1. General Principles of Symptom Control
7.6.2. Assessment of Symptoms
7.6.3. Variable Emotional Attitude
7.6.4. Irritability
7.6.5. Physical Pain
7.6.6. Myelosuppression Derivatives
7.6.7. Anorexia
7.6.8. Nausea and Vomiting
7.6.9. Digestive System
7.6.10. Alopecia
7.6.11. Cushing's Syndrome
7.6.12. Hemorrhagic Cystitis
7.6.13. Pneumonitis
7.6.14. Ocular and Other Sensory Organ Disorders
7.6.15. Neurological Alterations:

7.7. Skin Care in Pediatric Patient with Severe Hematologic Disease

7.7.1. Introduction
7.7.2. General Skin Care

7.7.2.1. Sun Exposure
7.7.2.2. Clothing
7.7.2.3. Hygiene and Hydration
7.7.2.4. Nails
7.7.2.5. Postural Changes

7.7.3. Most Common Alterations. Prevention, Assessment, Treatment

7.7.3.1. Alopecia
7.7.3.2. Hirsutism
7.7.3.3. Exfoliative Dermatitis or Palmo-Plantar Erythrodysesthesia
7.7.3.4. Pruritus
7.7.3.5. Stretch Marks
7.7.3.6. Ulcerations
7.7.3.7. Perianal and Genital Dermatoses
7.7.3.8. Mucositis
7.7.3.9. Related to Therapeutic Devices

7.8. Feeding of Children with Malignant Hematologic Disorder

7.8.1. Importance of Nutrition in Childhood
7.8.2. Special Needs of the Child with Severe Hematologic Disorder
7.8.3. Side Effects of Treatment in Children with Severe Hematologic Disorder
7.8.4. Adaptation of Diet in Children with Severe Hematologic Disorder
7.8.5. Nutritional Support
7.8.6. Adaptation of the Diet in Complications
7.8.7. Other Combination Nutritional Therapies
7.8.8. Adapted Recipes/Tips to Make Food More Appetising

7.9. Carrying Out Diagnostic Tests. Nursing Care

7.9.1. Patient and Family Information
7.9.2. Professional Coordination
7.9.3. Patient Preparation
7.9.4. Care During the Test
7.9.5. Patient Reception
7.9.6. Specific Care During the Following Hours

7.10. Nursing Consultation of the Pediatric Patient with Non-malignant Hematologic Disease. Specific Care

7.10.1. Introduction
7.10.2. Diagnostic Support
7.10.3. Socio-Family Assessment and Quality of Life
7.10.4. Education Preventive Measures
7.10.5. Adherence to Treatment
7.10.6. Transition to the Adult Unit

7.11. Research in Pediatric Hematology Care

7.11.1. Evidence-Based Nursing (EBN)

7.11.1.1. EBN Pillars
7.11.1.2. EBN Phases and Models
7.11.1.3. Formulation of Questions
7.11.1.4. Search for Evidence
7.11.1.5. Critical Reading
7.11.1.6. Implementation and Assessment

7.11.2. Research Methodology
7.11.3. Innovation in Care
7.11.4. Where Are We Heading?

Module 8. All Together as a Team

8.1. Emergency Nursing Care in the Pediatric Patient with Hematologic Disorder

8.1.1. Definition of Emergency in Children with Severe Hematologic Disorder
8.1.2. Most Common Emergencies in Children with Severe Hematologic Disorder

8.1.2.1. According to Etiology
8.1.2.2. According to Affected Organs

8.1.3. Most Frequent Reasons for Admission to the Emergency Department in Children with Severe Hematologic Disorders
8.1.4. Performance in the Most Common Emergencies

8.1.4.1. Hyperleukocytosis
8.1.4.2. Febrile Neutropenia
8.1.4.3. Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)
8.1.4.4. Cytokine Release Syndrome
8.1.4.5. Severe Pain
8.1.4.6. Acute Methotrexate Toxicity
8.1.4.7. Transfusion Reactions
8.1.4.8. Extravasations
8.1.4.9. Intrathecal Chemotherapy Side Effects

8.1.5. Management of Oxygen Therapy, Fluid Therapy, Main Drugs and Electromedical Devices and Administration of Own Drugs
8.1.6. Emergency response
8.1.7. Crash Cart Defibrillator
8.1.8. Training of the Assistance Team
8.1.9. Communication with the Family and the Child/Adolescent

8.2. Nursing Care of Pediatric Patients with Hematologic Disease and Their Family, Admitted to the PICU (I)

8.2.1. Initial Assessment of the Patient in PICU
8.2.2. Common Complications Requiring Intensive Care

8.2.2.1. Complications Related to the Underlying Disease and its Treatment

8.2.2.1.1. Respiratory Failure
8.2.2.1.2. Cardiac Disorders
8.2.2.1.3. Hematological System Disorder
8.2.2.1.4. Acute Kidney Failure
8.2.2.1.5. Metabolic Alterations
8.2.2.1.6. Hepatoxicity

8.2.2.2. Complications Related to the Postoperative Period in Neurosurgery

8.2.3. Basic Nursing Care in the Pediatric Patient Admitted to the PICU
8.2.4. Nutritional Aspects of the Patient in PICU
8.2.5. Special Situations in the Oncology Patient

8.2.5.1. Patient Requiring Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)
8.2.5.2. Patient Subjected to High Frequency Mechanical Ventilation (HFMV)

8.3. Nursing Care of Pediatric Patients with Hematologic Disease and Their Family, Admitted to the PICU (II)

8.3.1. Initial Comprehensive Care for the Family of the Hematologic Patient Admitted to the PICU
8.3.2. Psychological Aspects in Children with Hematologic Pathology Requiring Intensive Care

8.3.2.1. Pain Management
8.3.2.2. Treatment Anxiety
8.3.2.3. Fear of Death

8.3.3. Grief in the Oncologic Patient Admitted to the PICU
8.3.4. Special Situations in the Oncologic Patient Admitted to the PICU

8.3.4.1. Communication with the Oncology Patient Subjected to Mechanical Ventilation
8.3.4.2. Rehabilitation (Respiratory and Motor Physiotherapy)

8.3.5. Medical Information and Care Team-Family Unit Communication
8.3.6. End-of-Life Care for Oncology Patients

8.4. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). Humanization Projects

8.4.1. General Criteria for Admission of Hematologic Patients to the PICU
8.4.2. Family Repercussions of Admission to the PICU
8.4.3. Humanistic Vision of Critical Care
8.4.4. Care Model: Family-Centered Care

8.4.4.1. Family Empowerment
8.4.4.2. Emotional Well-Being

8.4.5. Characteristics of the Care Team in a Humanistic PICU
8.4.6. Humanizing Strategies in an Open-Door PICU

8.5. Psychological Support of the Child with Severe Hematologic Disorder

8.5.1. Developmental Stage of Childhood
8.5.2. The Child with Severe Hematologic Disease

8.5.2.1. Specific Characteristics
8.5.2.2. Psychological Care for Children and Their Family

8.5.2.2.1. General Aspects
8.5.2.2.2. According to the Stage of the Disease

8.5.3. Survivors of Malignant Hematologic Disease in Childhood and Quality of Life
8.5.4. Death in Childhood

8.5.4.1. Palliative Care
8.5.4.2. Grief

8.6. Psychological Support of the Adolescent During the Process of Living of Severe Hematologic Disease

8.6.1. Adolescent Developmental Stage
8.6.2. The Adolescent with Severe Hematologic Disease

8.6.2.1. Specific Characteristics of the Adolescent with Severe Hematologic Disease
8.6.2.2. Psychological Care in the Phases of the Disease

8.6.2.2.1. Diagnosis
8.6.2.2.2. Treatment
8.6.2.2.3. Post-Treatment

8.6.3. Survivors in Adolescence and Quality of Life
8.6.4. Death in Adolescence

8.7. Foundations and Associations of Parents of Children with Hematologic Disorder and other NGOs

8.7.1. Volunteering in Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Units

8.7.1.1. The Importance and Coordination of Volunteering
8.7.1.2. Lines of Volunteering in Pediatric Oncology
8.7.1.3. Volunteer Training

8.8. Educational Continuity in Children and Adolescents with Hematologic Disorder

8.8.1. Educational Care as a Right; Principles of Educational Care for Students with Disease
8.8.2. Requirements and Procedures
8.8.3. Educational Coverage During the Disease Process

8.8.3.1. In-Hospital. Hospital Classrooms
8.8.3.2. Home-Based Educational Support Service

8.9. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and Humanization

8.9.1. Use of ICT and E-health for Parents

8.9.1.1. Decalogue for the Good Use of ICTs
8.9.1.2. ICTs as a Method of Distraction and Relief of Pain and Anxiety in Children and Adolescents
8.9.1.3. ICTs as a Method of Communication and Learning

8.9.2. Use of ICT and E-health for Parents

8.9.2.1. Information Needs
8.9.2.2. Communication Needs
8.9.2.3. Development and Prescription of Apps and Websites in Pediatric Oncology
8.9.2.4. Use of Social Networks

8.9.3. Use of ICT and E-health for Health Professionals

8.9.3.1. New Technologies and New Challenges for the Nursing Professional
8.9.3.2. Application of New Technologies in Healthcare
8.9.3.3. Useful Applications for Pediatric Hematology Nurses
8.9.3.4. ICT Applications in the Healthcare of the Future

Module 9. Towards Healing: Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) in Pediatrics

9.1. Introduction and Indications for Allogeneic Hematopoietic Progenitor Transplantation

9.1.1. Hematopoietic Progenitors Cells (HPCs) and HSCT
9.1.2. The Histocompatibility System (HLA or MHC)
9.1.3. The History Hematopoietic Progenitor Transplantation
9.1.4. Types of Hematopoietic Progenitor Transplantation

9.1.4.1. According to the Donor
9.1.4.2. According to the Source of the Hematopoietic Progenitors

9.1.5. Indications for Allogeneic HSCT

9.1.5.1. Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

9.1.5.1.1. Leukaemias
9.1.5.1.2. Myelodysplastic Syndromes
9.1.5.1.3. Lymphomas

9.1.5.2. Patients with Non-Malignant Diseases

9.1.5.2.1. Erythrocyte Disorders
9.1.5.2.2. Primary Immunodeficiencies
9.1.5.2.3. Congenital Medullary Insufficiencies
9.1.5.2.4. Others

9.2. From Donor Selection to Infusion of Hematopoietic Progenitors

9.2.1. Donor Selection

9.2.1.1. Related Donors
9.2.1.2. Search for Unrelated Donors
9.2.1.3. Choice of Donor

9.2.2. HPC Collection Techniques

9.2.2.1. Cord Blood Progenitor Cell Procurement and Management
9.2.2.2. Mobilization and Collection of Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cells
9.2.2.3. Bone Marrow Progenitor Cell Collection by Direct Aspiration

9.2.3. Transportation of PHs (From Hospital of Origin to Receiving Hospital)

9.2.3.1. Bag Labeling
9.2.3.2. Container Labeling
9.2.3.3. Documentation
9.2.3.4. Temperature

9.2.4. HPC Management and Preservation

9.2.4.1. Quality Control of Cell Processing
9.2.4.2. Handling Prior to Cryopreservation
9.2.4.3. Cryopreservation
9.2.4.4. Defrosting
9.2.4.5. Transport to the Hospital HPT Unit to be Infused

9.3. Nursing During the Conditioning of the Child/Adolescent Undergoing allo-HSCT

9.3.1. Patient and Family Reception
9.3.2. Patient Assessment
9.3.3. Conditioning Regimes

9.3.3.1. Total Body Irradiance (TBI)
9.3.3.2. Chemotherapy

9.3.4. Prophylaxis of Graft-Versus-Host Disease (GVHD)

9.3.4.1. Methotrexate
9.3.4.2. Infliximab and Rituximab
9.3.4.3. Cyclosporine
9.3.4.4. Mycophenolate
9.3.4.5. Gene Transfer Agents (GTAs)
9.3.4.6. Cyclophosphamide
9.3.4.7. Corticoids
9.3.4.8. Non-specific Immunoglobulins

9.3.5. Prophylaxis of Sinusoidal Obstructive Syndrome (SOS)
9.3.6. Infection Prophylaxis

9.3.6.1. Protective Environment (PE) Rooms
9.3.6.2. Low Bacterial Diet
9.3.6.3. Pharmacological Prophylaxis

9.3.7. Patient and Family Accompaniment

9.4. Day 0. Infusion of Hematopoietic Progenitors

9.4.1. Day 0
9.4.2. Patient Preparation
9.4.3. Progenitors Reception
9.4.4. Infusion of Progenitors
9.4.5. Potential Complications
9.4.6. Post Infusion Care of Progenitors

9.4.6.1. Care of the Patient
9.4.6.2. Care of the Family

9.5. Phase of Medullary Aplasia. Nursing Care

9.5.1. Duration of the Spinal Cord Aplasia Phase
9.5.2. Potential Complications of the Spinal Cord Aplasia Phase

9.5.2.1. Directly Derived from the Conditioning Treatment
9.5.2.2. Produced by the Situation of Aplasia

9.5.2.2.1. Infections
9.5.2.2.2. Nausea and Vomiting
9.5.2.2.3. Diarrhea
9.5.2.2.4. Mucositis
9.5.2.2.5. Hemorrhages
9.5.2.2.6. Respiratory Problems

9.5.3. Nursing Assessment and Interventions

9.6. Mid-Term Nursing Care of the Transplanted Child/Adolescent and Their Family

9.6.1. Duration of the Post-Transplant Phase in the Medium Term
9.6.2. Potential Complications of the Post-Transplant Phase in the Medium Term

9.6.2.1. Infections
9.6.2.2. Graft Versus Host Disease
9.6.2.3. Implant and Pre-Implant Syndrome
9.6.2.4. Implant/Graft Failure
9.6.2.5. Other Complications

9.6.2.5.1. Hemorrhagic Cystitis
9.6.2.5.2. Renal Dysfunction
9.6.2.5.3. Thrombotic Microangiopathy
9.6.2.5.4. Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome (IPS)
9.6.2.5.5. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage

9.6.3. Nursing Assessment and Interventions

9.7. Most Relevant Emergencies in Post-Transplant Patients

9.7.1. Introduction
9.7.2. Sepsis and Septic Shock
9.7.3. Mucositis Grade III-IV
9.7.4. Implant Syndrome
9.7.5. Capillary Leakage Syndrome (CLS)
9.7.6. Acute GVHD and Chronic GVHD
9.7.7. Hemorrhagic Cystitis
9.7.8. Sinusoidal Obstructive Syndrome of the Liver (SOS)
9.7.9. Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES)
9.7.10. Acute Kidney Failure
9.7.11. Respiratory Failure Post-HPT

9.7.11.1. Idiopathic Pneumonia Syndrome (IPS)
9.7.11.2. Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage (DAH)
9.7.11.3. Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)
9.7.11.4. Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS)

9.7.12. Post-HPT Thrombotic Microangiopathy (TMA)
9.7.13. Cardiac Toxicity
9.7.14. Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)
9.7.15. Transfer to Intensive Care Unit

9.8. Follow-Up HPT Nursing Consultation

9.8.1. HPT Nursing Consultation
9.8.2. Nursing Care in the Pre-Transplant Consultation for Hematopoietic Progenitors

9.8.2.1. Information About the Process
9.8.2.2. Reception at the HPT Unit and Basic Operational Recommendations
9.8.2.3. Anthropometric Measurements and Vital Signs
9.8.2.4. Peripheral Blood Test Pre-HPT
9.8.2.5. Introduction of the Multidisciplinary Team
9.8.2.6. Emotional Support to the Patient and Family
9.8.2.7. Resolving Doubts

9.8.3. Nursing Care in Post-HPT Follow-Up Consultations

9.8.3.1. Short-Term

9.8.3.1.1. Review of Information Provided at Discharge from Hospitalization
9.8.3.1.2. Surveillance Signs and Symptoms, Information on Warning Signs, Early Detection of Complications
9.8.3.1.3. Information on Measures to Avoid Infection: Avoid Contact with People with Flu-like Symptoms, Avoid Crowded Indoor Spaces
9.8.3.1.4. Dietary and Nutritional Recommendations
9.8.3.1.5. Vascular Access Care and Follow-Up: Pulmonary Artery Catheter (PAC), Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC)
9.8.3.1.6.  Nasogastric (NG) Tube, Gastrostomy Button
9.8.3.1.7. Pain Assessment
9.8.3.1.8. Assessment of Activity
9.8.3.1.9. Health education
9.8.3.1.10. Information about Circuits in Day Hospital
9.8.3.1.11. Emotional Support to the Patient and Family

9.8.3.2. In the Long Term

9.8.3.2.1. Surveillance Signs and Symptoms
9.8.3.2.2. Early Detection of Toxicity Complications
9.8.3.2.3. Coordination with Other Specialists: Cardiology, Endocrinology, Traumatology
9.8.3.2.4. Chronic Monitoring: Symptomatic Treatments, Emotional Support, Adherence to Treatment
9.8.3.2.5. Follow-up Immunizations Post-HPT
9.8.3.2.6. Health Education on Healthy Habits for Children and Adolescents

9.9. New Therapies for Treating Post Allo-HSCT Complications

9.9.1. Donor CD34+ Progenitor Infusion for the Treatment of Implant Failure Secondary to Allo-HSCT

9.9.1.1. Candidate Patients
9.9.1.2. Procedure

9.9.2. Extracorporeal Photopheresis for the Treatment of GVHD

9.9.2.1. Candidate Patients
9.9.2.2. Procedure

9.9.3. Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion for the Treatment of GVHD

9.9.3.1. Candidate Patients
9.9.3.2. Procedure

9.9.4. Donor Lymphocyte Infusion. Immunotherapy in Patients Relapsing after Allogeneic HSCT

9.9.4.1. Candidate Patients
9.9.4.2. Procedure

Module 10. When the Response to Treatment is Not Adequate

10.1. Introduction

10.1.1. Response to Disease
10.1.2. Definition of Survival
10.1.3. Definition of Recurrence
10.1.4. Diseases or Situations with Higher Probability of Recurrences
10.1.5. Treatment Options
10.1.6. Reception and Accompaniment in the Relapse of the Disease

10.1.6.1. Parents

10.1.6.1.1. Emotional Reactions
10.1.6.1.2. Coping

10.1.6.2. Emotional Reactions and Coping with Relapse in Children and Adolescents

10.2. Concept, Rationale and Need for Clinical Trials in Pediatric Hematology

10.2.1. What is a Clinical Trial?
10.2.2. Historical Background, Legislation and Ethics of Experimentation with Drugs

10.2.2.1. "The Canon of Medicine”. Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
10.2.2.2. First Clinical Trial in History. James Lind
10.2.2.3. Experiments on Children in the Auschwitz Concentration Camp (Josef Mengele)
10.2.2.4. Nuremberg Code (1946)
10.2.2.5. Ethically Questionable Clinical Trials after the Nuremburg Code
10.2.2.6. Declaration of Helsinki (1964)
10.2.2.7. Good Clinical Practice Guidelines (1995) Why are Clinical Trials Necessary in Pediatric Hematology?

10.2.3. Why are Clinical Trials Necessary in Pediatric Hematology?

10.2.3.1. Increase Overall Survival of Patients with Poor Prognosis
10.2.3.2. Decrease Long-Term Sequelae

10.3. Design, Preparation and Implementation of a Clinical Trial

10.3.1. Design of a Clinical Trial
10.3.2. Clinical Trials Phases
10.3.3. Identification and Selection of Participating Centers
10.3.4. Medication and Hospital Pharmacy Service
10.3.5. Sample Analysis Laboratories
10.3.6. Economic Aspects of the Clinical Trial
10.3.7. Archive

10.4. Development of an Open Clinical Trial in a Center and Professionals involved

10.4.1. Initiation Visit
10.4.2. Monitoring Visit
10.4.3. Closing Visit
10.4.4. Investigators File
10.4.5. Management of Adverse Events
10.4.6. Trial Medication
10.4.7. Inclusion of Patients
10.4.8. Trial Drug Administration, Disease Assessment and Follow-Up
10.4.9. Professionals Involved in a Clinical Trial

10.4.9.1. Professionals in the Hospital Setting
10.4.9.2. Pharmaceutical Company Professionals

10.5. The Role of Nursing Professionals in Pediatric Hematology Clinical Trials

10.5.1. Nurse in the Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Clinical Trial Team
10.5.2. Specific Training Requirements

10.5.2.1. Training in Good Clinical Practice
10.5.2.2. Training in Handling and Shipment of Biohazard Samples
10.5.2.3. Specific Training for Each Clinical Trial

10.5.3. Responsibilities
10.5.4. Delegated Clinical Trial Activities

10.5.4.1. Inventory Management

10.5.4.1.1. Perishable Material
10.5.4.1.2. Non-Perishable Material

10.5.4.2. Management of Local Laboratory Samples
10.5.4.3. Management of Central Laboratory Samples
10.5.4.4. Nursing Techniques
10.5.4.5. Drug Administration
10.5.4.6. Source Records
10.5.4.7. Electronic Data Collection Notebooks

10.5.5. Nursing Care

10.5.5.1. Basic Needs Care
10.5.5.2. Accompaniment

10.6. Current and Future Situation of Pediatric Hematology. Personalized Medicine

10.6.1. Sciences and Omics
10.6.2. Fundamentals of Translational Research
10.6.3. Definition of Personalized Medicine
10.6.4. High-Performance Sequencing Techniques
10.6.5. Analysis of Data
10.6.6. Biomarkers
10.6.7. Preclinical Models

10.7. Introduction, Objectives and Stages of the Therapeutic Approach in Pediatric Palliative Care

10.7.1. History of Palliative Care
10.7.2. Difficulties in the Application of Palliative Care in the Pediatric Population The Challenge of Pediatric Palliative Care
10.7.3. Definition of Pediatric Palliative Care
10.7.4. Pediatric Palliative Care Groups
10.7.5. Peculiarities of Pediatric Palliative Care
10.7.6. Universal Principles of Palliative Care
10.7.7. Objectives of the Palliative Approach
10.7.8. Advanced Disease Situation. Turning Point
10.7.9. Stages of the Therapeutic Approach
10.7.10. Place of Care: Hospital vs. Hospitalization

10.8. Symptom Control in Pediatric Hematology Palliative Care (Includes Pain)

10.8.1. Diagnosis and Assessment of Symptoms
10.8.2. General Principles of Symptom Control
10.8.3. Symptoms to Palliate

10.8.3.1. Main Symptom to Palliate: Pain
10.8.3.2. General Symptoms
10.8.3.3. Constitutional Symptoms
10.8.3.4. Respiratory symptoms
10.8.3.5. Digestive Symptoms
10.8.3.6. Neurological Symptoms
10.8.3.7. Other Symptoms

10.8.4. Prevention and Treatment

10.8.4.1. Non-pharmacological methods
10.8.4.2. Pharmacological Methods

10.9. Total Pain and Ethical Issues in Pediatric Palliative Care

10.9.1. Total Pain

10.9.1.1. Cicely Saunders
10.9.1.2. Concept of Total Pain
10.9.1.3. Pain Threshold
10.9.1.4. Basic Principles of Total Pain Relief
10.9.1.5. Pain, Suffering and Death
10.9.1.6. Barriers in the treatment of total pain in pediatric oncohematology
10.9.1.7. Dying with Dignity

10.10. Nursing Care During Terminal Phase and Last Days Situation in Pediatric Palliative Care

10.10.1. Diagnostic Principles of the Terminal Phase
10.10.2. Agony Phase or Last Days Situation (LDS)

10.10.2.1. Concept
10.10.2.2. Signs and Symptoms of the Agony Phase
10.10.2.3. Therapeutic Objectives
10.10.2.4. Symptom Control
10.10.2.5. Family Care
10.10.2.6. Palliative Sedation
10.10.2.7. Adjustment of Pharmacological Treatment

10.10.3. Palliative Sedation

Module 11. Fostering, Caring and Accompanying in Pediatric Hematology

11.1. Comprehensive View of the Care of Children with Hematologic Disorder and Their Family

11.1.1. Comprehensive View of Human Health

11.1.1.1. Physical Health
11.1.1.2. Mental Health
11.1.1.3. Emotional Health
11.1.1.4. Social Health
11.1.1.5. Spiritual Health

11.1.2. The Nurse's View

11.1.2.1. Emotions, Beliefs and Professional Development
11.1.2.2. Fostering, Caring and Accompanying
11.1.2.3. Biomedical Model
11.1.2.4. Salutogenic Model

11.1.3. Systemic View of Care

11.1.3.1. Consistency of the Person
11.1.3.2. System Consistency
11.1.3.3. Consistency of the "Soul”

11.1.4. Fostering, Caring and Accompanying in a Comprehensive Way

11.1.4.1. Nursing Roles and Competencies
11.1.4.2. The Interdisciplinary Work of Professionals
11.1.4.3. Transdisciplinary Challenges of the Nursing Professional

11.2. Theories and Models That Approach the Comprehensive Vision of Nursing

11.2.1. The Salutogenic Model Applied to Care

11.2.1.1. Well-Being Assets
11.2.1.2. Personal Asset Development
11.2.1.3. System Asset Development
11.2.1.4. Institutional Asset Development

11.2.2. Personal Asset Development
11.2.3. Helping Relationship Model: Hildegarde Peplau
11.2.4. Health Promotion Model: Nola Pender
11.2.5. Diversity Theory and the Universality of Care: Madeleine Leininger
11.2.6. Theory of Human Care: Jean Watson
11.2.7. Comfort Theory: Katharine Kolkaba
11.2.8. Marie Françoise Colliére. Promoting Life

11.3. The Facilitating Role of Nursing in Pediatric Hematology

11.3.1. Facilitating Role
11.3.2. Nursing Perspective
11.3.3. Facilitating Care from the Different Nursing Roles
11.3.4. Humanization of Care
11.3.5. Support Orders

11.4. Emotional Skills Profile for Pediatric Hematology Nursing

11.4.1. The Need to Promote the Social-Emotional Development of the Nursing Professional
11.4.2. Emotional Competency Model for Nursing
11.4.3. Everything that Can Be Done with an Emotion
11.4.4. Health in Pediatric Hematology Nursing

11.5. Therapeutic Communication in Pediatric Hematology

11.5.1. Specific Skills for Effective and Affective Communication
11.5.2. Key Ideas in Relation to the Child and the Family
11.5.3. Key Ideas in Relation to Times of the Disease
11.5.4. Key Ideas in Relation to Intra- and Interprofessional Practice

11.6. The Influence of the Environment and Surroundings when Accompanying Children with Hematologic Pathology

11.6.1. Occupational Health and Work Teams
11.6.2. Architecture of Spaces
11.6.3. Responsible Environment with a Rights Perspective
11.6.4. The Significance of Spaces

11.7. Accompaniment for the Family System in Pediatric Hematology

11.7.1. Family as a System
11.7.2. Caring for the Caregiver
11.7.3. Accompanying Processes of High Emotional Impact
11.7.4. Parenting Support
11.7.5. Barriers to Care
11.7.6. Coping With the Disease
11.7.7. Systemic Support

11.8. Psychomotor and Affective Development of Infants and Preschoolers with Hematologic Disorders

11.8.1. Accompany the Specific Characteristics in the Infant
11.8.2. Accompany the Specific Characteristics in the Preeschool Children
11.8.3. Psychomotor and Emotional Development During the Disease

11.8.3.1. Psychomotor Development (Physical Health)
11.8.3.2. Language and Emotional Comfort (Mental and Emotional Health)
11.8.3.3. Socialization (Social Health)
11.8.3.4. Meaning of Life

11.8.3.4.1. Love and Contact
11.8.3.4.2. Growing Up Playing

11.9. Emotion, Storytelling, and Meaningful Playtime in School-Aged Children with Hematologic Disorder

11.9.1. Accompany the Specific Characteristics of the School-Age Child
11.9.2. Personality Development During Disease

11.9.2.1. Coping (Emotional Health)
11.9.2.2. The Importance of Storytelling (Mental Health)
11.9.2.3. Socialization (Social Health)

11.9.3. Meaning of Life

11.9.3.1. Self-Esteem, Self-Image and Self-Concept
11.9.3.2. Educational Support
11.9.3.3. Meaningful Play

11.10. Emotion, Storytelling and Socialization in Adolescents with Hematologic Disorder

11.10.1. Accompany the Specific Characteristics of the Adolescent
11.10.2. Personality Development During Disease

11.10.2.1. Coping (Emotional Health)
11.10.2.2. The Importance of Storytelling (Mental Health)
11.10.2.3. Socialization (Social Health)

11.10.3. Meaning of Life

11.10.3.1. Self-Esteem, Self-Image and Self-Concept
11.10.3.2. Educational and Social Support
11.10.3.3. Affective-Sexual Development

With multimedia resources such as infographics and videos, this Hybrid professional master’s degree will bring you up to date in a fast and flexible way about the role of the nurse in Pediatric Hematology Services"