Veterinarians must continue their training to adapt to new developments in this field” 

Cardiovascular disorders in animals are highly significant because they can affect their quality of life and life expectancy. Advanced knowledge of Cardiology is an indispensable area of knowledge for large animal veterinarians: Ruminants (Cattle, Sheep, Goats), Camelids (Alpacas, Camels and Llamas), Suids (Pigs, Boars) and Equidae (Donkeys and Mules).

Cardiology in ruminants and swine has been limited for a long time due to the limited literature and diagnostic limitations, especially in advanced therapeutic procedures.

Regarding Equidae, a high number of horses are used for sporting purposes and cardiac pathologies limit their capacity and even force the animal to withdraw from competition. This is more evident the more demanding the equine is in terms of sport and cardiovascular effort. The management of food species differs, but it also affects their production capacity.

In recent years, there has been a boom in the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic techniques, such as intracardiac electrocardiograms, electrophysiological mapping in arrhythmias, pacemaker implantation and other intracardiac devices that can be implemented in larger species. These advances, which are necessary for an adequate clinical approach, are not available in books.

Therefore, this Postgraduate diploma offers a comprehensive and well-developed syllabus that addresses advanced cardiology topics, providing detailed descriptions of the different procedures performed depending on the species, as well as a guide for clinical decision-making and patient selection.

This program covers the basics of Cardiology and delves into the most up-to-date and advanced techniques currently available, offering extensive and in-depth content. 

The Postgraduate diploma in General Cardiology in Large Animalsbrings together all the detailed information on the different fields of Cardiology at a high and advanced level of specialization and is taught by renowned professors in the field of internal medicine, cardiology and minimally invasive surgery in veterinary medicine.

Don't miss the opportunity to study this Postgraduate diploma with us. It's the perfect opportunity to advance your career and stand out in an industry with high demand for professionals”

This Postgraduate diploma in General Cardiology in Large Animals contains the most complete and up-to-date educational program on the market. The most important features of the program include:

• Development of practical cases presented by experts in General Cardiology in Large Animals 
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice.
• Latest developments in General Cardiology in Large Animals
• Practical exercises where self-assessment can be used to improve learning
• Special emphasis on innovative methodologies in General Cardiology in Large Animals

• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

Don't miss the opportunity to study this Postgraduate diploma with us. It's the perfect opportunity to advance your career and stand out in an industry with high demand for professionals”

Its multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e. a simulated environment that will provide an immersive education programmed to train in real situations.

This program is designed around Problem Based Learning, whereby the specialist must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the academic year. For this purpose, the professional will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts in General Cardiology in Large Animals. 

This program includes exceptional teaching material, providing you with a contextual approach that will facilitate your learning”

This Postgraduate Certificate 100% online and will enable you to combine your studies while increasing your knowledge in this field”

The structure of the contents has been designed by leading professionals in the field of General Cardiology in Large Animals, with extensive experience and recognized prestige in the profession, backed by the volume of cases reviewed, studied and diagnosed, and with extensive knowledge of new technologies applied to veterinary medicine.   

This Postgraduate diploma contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market" 

Module 1. General Examination of Large Animals with Cardiovascular Pathology: Equidae, Ruminants and Swine

1.1. Anamnesis, General and Specific Clinical Examination in Equidae

1.1.1. Medical history
1.1.2. General Physical Examination
1.1.3. Cardiovascular System Examination

1.2. Anamnesis, General and Specific Clinical Examination of Ruminants and Camelids

1.2.1. Ruminants

1.2.1.1. Medical history
1.2.1.2. General Physical Examination
1.2.1.3. Cardiovascular System Examination

1.2.2. Camelids

1.2.2.1. Medical history
1.2.2.2. General Physical Examination
1.2.2.3. Cardiovascular System Examination

1.3. General Auscultation of Heart Sounds

1.3.1. Interpretation of Normal Heart Sounds
1.3.2. General Characteristics of Heart Murmurs
1.3.3. Physiological Murmurs
1.3.4. Differential Diagnosis of Physiological Murmurs

1.4. Auscultation of Murmurs and Arrhythmias

1.4.1. Systolic Pathological Murmurs
1.4.2. Diastolic Pathological Murmurs
1.4.3. Continuous Murmurs
1.4.4. Irregular Rhythms

1.5. Blood Pressure Measurement

1.5.1. Role of Systemic Arterial Pressure
1.5.2. Reference Values
1.5.3. Alterations in Systemic Arterial Blood Pressure
1.5.4. Methods for Measuring Systemic Blood Pressure

1.6. Cardiac Output Measurement

1.6.1. Definition and Regulation of Cardiac Output
1.6.2. Monitoring
1.6.3. Indications for Monitoring

1.7. Interpretation of Blood Analysis I

1.7.1. Blood Count:
1.7.2. Leukogram
1.7.3. Platelet Disorders
1.7.4. Biochemistry

1.8. Interpretation of Blood Analysis II

1.8.1. Electrolyte Disorders
1.8.2. Troponin, BNP and ANP

1.9. Clinical Approach to Animals with Heart Murmur or Arrhythmias

1.9.1. Interpretation of Clinical Signs and Assessment of Clinical Significance
1.9.2. Prognosis

1.10. Clinical Approach to Syncope

1.10.1. Interpretation of Clinical Signs and Assessment of Clinical Significance
1.10.2. Prognosis

Module 2. Structural Cardiac Pathologies in Large Animals: Equidae, Ruminants and Swine

2.1. Congenital Cardiac Alterations I. Ventricular Septal Defect

2.1.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.1.2. Pathophysiology
2.1.3. Diagnosis
2.1.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.1.5. Treatment
2.1.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.2. Congenital Cardiac Disorders II. Tetralogy/Pentalogy of Fallot

2.2.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.2.2. Pathophysiology
2.2.3. Diagnosis
2.2.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.2.5. Treatment
2.2.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.3. Congenital Cardiac Disorders III. Patent Ductus Arteriosus

2.3.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.3.2. Pathophysiology
2.3.3. Diagnosis
2.3.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.3.5. Treatment
2.3.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.4. Congenital Cardiac Disorders IV. Rare Abnormalities

2.4.1. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
2.4.2. Atrial Septal Defect
2.4.3. Atrioventricular Valve Dysplasia
2.4.4. Pulmonary Stenosis

2.5. Acquired Cardiac Diseases I. Aortic Insufficiency

2.5.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.5.2. Pathophysiology
2.5.3. Diagnosis
2.5.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.5.5. Treatment
2.5.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.6. Acquired Cardiac Diseases II. Mitral Insufficiency

2.6.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.6.2. Pathophysiology
2.6.3. Diagnosis
2.6.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.6.5. Treatment
2.6.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.7. Acquired Cardiac Diseases III. Tricuspid Regurgitation

2.7.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.7.2. Pathophysiology
2.7.3. Diagnosis
2.7.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.7.5. Treatment
2.7.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.8. Acquired Cardiac Diseases IV. Pulmonary Insufficiency and Pulmonary Hypertension

2.8.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.8.2. Pathophysiology
2.8.3. Diagnosis
2.8.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.8.5. Treatment
2.8.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.9. Acquired Cardiac Diseases V. Aorto-Cardiac and Aorto-Pulmonary Fistulas

2.9.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.9.2. Pathophysiology
2.9.3. Diagnosis
2.9.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
2.9.5. Treatment
2.9.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

2.10. Heart Failure

2.10.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
2.10.2. Pathophysiology
2.10.3. Diagnosis
2.10.4. Treatment
2.10.5. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

Module 3. Arrhythmias in Large Animals: Equidae, Ruminants and Swine

3.1. Sinus Rhythm

3.1.1. Features
3.1.2. EKG Recognition

3.2. Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia, Bradycardia and Tachycardia Sinus Arrhythmias

3.2.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.2.2. Pathophysiology
3.2.3. Diagnosis
3.2.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.2.5. Treatment
3.2.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.3. Premature Supraventricular Complexes and Atrial Tachycardia

3.3.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.3.2. Pathophysiology
3.3.3. Diagnosis
3.3.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.3.5. Treatment
3.3.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.4. Atrial Fibrillation

3.4.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.4.2. Pathophysiology
3.4.3. Diagnosis
3.4.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.4.5. Treatment
3.4.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.5. Premature Ventricular Complexes and Ventricular Tachycardia

3.5.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.5.2. Pathophysiology
3.5.3. Diagnosis
3.5.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.5.5. Treatment
3.5.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.6. Non-Pathological Conduction Disorders

3.6.1. Sinus Block and Second Degree Atrioventricular Block

3.6.1.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.6.1.2. Pathophysiology
3.6.1.3. Diagnosis
3.6.1.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.6.1.5. Treatment
3.6.1.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.7. Pathological Conduction Disorders

3.7.1. Advanced Second Degree and Third Degree Atrioventricular Block

3.7.1.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.7.1.2. Pathophysiology
3.7.1.3. Diagnosis
3.7.1.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.7.1.5. Treatment
3.7.1.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.7.2. Sick Sinus Syndrome

3.7.2.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.7.2.2. Pathophysiology
3.7.2.3. Diagnosis
3.7.2.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.7.2.5. Treatment
3.7.2.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.8. Supraventricular Beats and Escape Rhythms

3.8.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.8.2. Pathophysiology
3.8.3. Diagnosis
3.8.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.8.5. Treatment
3.8.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.9. Ventricular Beats and Escape Rhythms

3.9.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.9.2. Pathophysiology
3.9.3. Diagnosis
3.9.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.9.5. Treatment
3.9.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

3.10. Accelerated Idioventricular Rhythm and Ventricular Preexcitation Syndrome

3.10.1. Definition, Prevalence and Etiology
3.10.2. Pathophysiology
3.10.3. Diagnosis
3.10.4. Necessary Complementary Tests
3.10.5. Treatment
3.10.6. Clinical and Prognostic Relevance

Module 4. Pathologies of the Endocardium, Myocardium, Pericardium and Vascular System in Large Animals: Equidae, Ruminants and Swine

4.1. Pericardial Disorders

4.1.1. Pathophysiology of Pericarditis
4.1.2. Physical Examination and Clinical Signs
4.1.3. Diagnostic tests
4.1.4. Treatment Options and Prognosis

4.2. Myocardial Disorders

4.2.1. Pathophysiological Causes of Myocarditis
4.2.2. Clinical Signs
4.2.3. Treatment Options

4.3. Intoxications Affecting the Myocardium

4.3.1. Ionophore Poisoning
4.3.2. Poisoning by Ingestion of Toxic Plants

4.4. Hypoglycine A Myopathy

4.4.1. Pathogenesis
4.4.2. Clinical Signs
4.4.3. Diagnosis
4.4.4. Treatment and Prognosis

4.5. Endocarditis

4.5.1. Pathophysiology
4.5.2. Diagnosis
4.5.3. Prognosis

4.6. Thrombophlebitis and Aortoiliac Thromboses

4.6.1. Thrombophlebitis
4.6.2. Aortoiliac Thrombosis

4.7. Vasculitis

4.7.1. Infectious and Non-Infectious Causes
4.7.2. Diagnosis
4.7.3. Treatment and Prognosis

4.8. Vascular Lesions Caused by Parasites and Vascular Neoplasms

4.8.1. Strongilus Vulgaris
4.8.2. Hemangiosarcoma and Hemangioma
4.8.3. Lymphangioma and Lymphangiosarcoma

4.9. Vascular Ruptures

4.9.1. Aortocardiac and Aortopulmonary Fistulas
4.9.2. Pulmonary Artery Rupture
4.9.3. Congenital Problems Causing Vascular Lesions and Other Causes of Rupture

4.10. Cardiomyopathies

4.10.1. Pathophysiology
4.10.2. Diagnosis
4.10.3. Prognosis

Achieve professional success with this high-level training provided by prestigious professionals with extensive experience in the sector"