Become an expert in Neuro-Ophthalmology from this academic program. It’s the most complete on the market” 

The boundaries between Ophthalmology and Neurology are sometimes, blurred. Therefore, it is the Neuro-Ophthalmology that tries to define them through knowledge and treatment diseases that affect the optical pathway. This forces the professionals of both medical specialties to handle knowledge not strictly included in their field of study.  

Thus, this Postgraduate diploma is unique for offering professionals in both areas the possibility to expand and update their knowledge to correctly approach complex Neuro-Ophthalmology problems, which, in many cases, are potentially dangerous to patient’s vision or even life. All this, based on the knowledge of a multidisciplinary faculty and the most effective and proven teaching methodology in the market. 

On the other hand, the contents of this Postgraduate diploma have been elaborated by ophthalmologists, neurologists and neurosurgeons, with the aim of enriching to the maximum the experience of the student. In this way, the professional will acquire diagnostic and therapeutic skills of the various Neuro-Ophthalmology pathologies known. It will also be able to make a correct diagnostic approach by knowing the proper use of the most innovative technologies.

This Postgraduate diploma has a first class teaching staff to help the student acquire novel and highly effective knowledge in their professional practice"

This Postgraduate diploma in Neuro-Ophthalmology contains the most complete and up to date educational program on the market. The most important features of the program include:  

• Practical cases presented by experts in medicine
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Practical exercises where the self assessment process can be carried out to improve learning
• Its special emphasis on innovative methodologies
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection 

Study from an award winning and internationally recognized teaching methodology and start to see your professional future soar to another level"

The program includes, in its teaching staff, professionals from the sector who have the experience of their work in this training, in addition to renowned specialists from reference societies and prestigious universities.  

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive training programmed to train in real situations.  

This program is designed around Problem Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the academic year. For this purpose, the student will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts. 

Whether you are a neurologist or ophthalmologist, with this Postgraduate diploma you can provide a novel vision to your patients with visual problems"

Because is taught completely online, the professionals can study wherever and whenever they want. No annoying displacements or waste of time"

The structure and contents of this Postgraduate diploma have been designed according to the criteria of topicality and maximum scientific rigor. All this, with the aim of bringing educational material adapted to the requirements of this field of work so that they become a highly useful tool and a guide for action that supports the diagnostic processes, approach and treatment in the area of Neuro-Ophthalmology. 

Learn from the best didactic material and become an expert in Neuro-Ophthalmology"  

Module 1. Nuclear and Infranuclear Motility Disorders

1.1. Horner Syndrome 

1.1.1. Anatomical Bases and Pathophysiology of the Oculosympathetic Pathway 
1.1.2. Causes of Horner's Syndrome 
1.1.3. Clinical Findings 
1.1.4. Diagnosis 
1.1.5. Treatment 

1.2. Paralysis of the III Pair 

1.2.1. Anatomical and Pathophysiology Bases 
1.2.2. Etiology 
1.2.3. Clinical Findings 
1.2.4. Aberrant Regeneration of the III Cranial Nerve 
1.2.5. Diagnosis 
1.2.6. Treatment 

1.3. Paralysis of the IV Pair 

1.3.1. Anatomical and Pathophysiology Bases 
1.3.2. Etiology 
1.3.3. Clinical Findings 

1.4. Paralysis of the VI Pair 

1.4.1. Anatomical and Pathophysiology Bases 
1.4.2. Etiology 
1.4.3. Clinical Findings 

1.5. Paralysis of the VII Pair 

1.5.1. Anatomical and Pathophysiology Bases 
1.5.2. Etiology 
1.5.3. Clinical Findings 

1.6. Treatment of Facial Paralysis 

1.6.1. Management of Facial Paralysis 
1.6.2. Prognosis 
1.6.3. New Treatments 

1.7. Combined Paralysis of the cranial Nerves 

1.7.1. Keys in the Diagnosis of Multiple Cranial Nerve Pair Paralysis 
1.7.2. Most Common Causes of Multiple Cranial Nerve Pair Involvement 
1.7.3. Useful Complementary Tests and Diagnostic Algorithm 

1.8. Other Neuropathies 

1.8.1. Hyperkinetic Facial Disorders 
1.8.2. Infectious and Immune-Mediated Neuropathies 
1.8.3. Trauma and Tumors 

1.9. Myopathies I 

1.9.1. Myasthenia Gravis 
1.9.2. Pseudomyasthenic Syndromes 

1.10. Myopathies II 

1.10.1. Chronic Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia 
1.10.2. Myotonic Dystrophy 

Module 2. Supranuclear Disorders of Motility. Nystagmus  

2.1. Anatomical Relationships. Paramedian Pontine Reticular Formation (PPRF) and Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus (MLF) 

2.1.1. Anatomical Constituents of the Supranuclear Eye Movement 
2.1.2. Functional Anatomy of Saccadic and Tracking Movements 
2.1.3. Functional Anatomy of Horizontal Versions 
2.1.4. Functional Anatomy of Vertical Versions 
2.1.5. Functional Anatomy of Convergence/Divergence 
2.1.6. Non-Optic or Vestibular Reflexes 

2.2. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Pathology of the Trunk 

2.2.1. Horizontal Gaze Pathology 
2.2.2. Vertical Gaze Pathology 
2.2.3. Pathology of Convergence and Divergence 

2.3. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Pathology of the Cerebellum 

2.3.1. Localization of Lesions in the Cerebellum According to Ophthalmological Manifestations 
2.3.2. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Cerebellar Vascular Pathology
2.3.3. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Cerebellar Developmental Pathology

2.4. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Pathology of the Vestibular System 

2.4.1. Ophthalmological Manifestations of Central Oculo-Vestibular Dysfunction 
2.4.2. Ophthalmological Manifestations of Peripheral Oculo-Vestibular Dysfunction 
2.4.3. Oblique Deflection (Skew) 

2.5. Ophthalmological Manifestations in Degenerative Neurological and Other Diseases 

2.5.1. Parkinson's Disease 
2.5.2. Huntington's Disease 
2.5.3. Epilepsy 
2.5.4. Coma. 

2.6. Phacomatosis 

2.6.1. Neurofibromatosis 
2.6.2. Tuberous Sclerosis 
2.6.3. Von-Hippel-Lindau Disease 

2.7. Nystagmus 

2.7.1. Definition and Pathophysiology 
2.7.2. Classification 
2.7.3. Examination and Recording Methods 
2.7.4. Physiological Nystagmus 

2.8. Nystagmus in Adults 

2.8.1. Vestibular Nystagmus 
2.8.2. Eccentric Gaze Nystagmus 
2.8.3. Acquired Pendular Nystagmus 
2.8.4. Treatment 

2.9. Nystagmus in Childhood 

2.9.1. Sensory Nystagmus 
2.9.2. Idiopathic Motor Nystagmus 
2.9.3. Nystagmus due to Fusional Maldevelopment 
2.9.4. Other Childhood Nystagmus 
2.9.5. Diagnostic Protocol 
2.9.6. Treatment 

2.10. Saccadic Intrusions and Oscillations 

2.10.1. Saccadic Intrusions 
2.10.2. Saccadic Oscillations 
2.10.3. Other Ocular Oscillations 

Module 3. Pupils. Optic Nerve 

3.1. Pupillary Assessment

3.1.1. Importance of Proper Pupillary Assessment  
3.1.2. Pupillary Reflexes  
3.1.3. Accommodation and Convergence 

3.2. Anisocoria 

3.2.1. Physiological Anisocoria 
3.2.2. Major Anisocoria in Darkness: Mechanical Anisocoria, Pharmacological Anisocoria, Horner's Syndrome 

3.3. Greater Anisocoria in Light 

3.3.1. Introduction 
3.3.2. Iris Lesion 
3.3.3. Pharmacological Mydriasis 
3.3.4. Tonic Pupil 
3.3.5. III Cranial Nerve Paralysis 

3.4. Alterations of Pupillary Reactivity 

3.4.1. Light-Near Dissociation 
3.4.2. Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect 
3.4.3. Argyll-Robertson Pupil 
3.4.4. Aberrant Regeneration 
3.4.5. Other Pupillary Alterations: Benign Episodic Mydriasis 

3.5. Anatomy and Physiology of the Optic Nerve  

3.5.1. Anatomy and Physiology  
3.5.2. Intraocular and Intraorbital Optic Nerve  
3.5.3. Intracanalicular and Intracranial Optic Nerve  
3.5.4. Physiology 

3.6. Vascular Pathology of the Optic Nerve  

3.6.1. Non-Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy  
3.6.2. Arteritic Ischemic Optic Neuropathy  
3.6.3. Other Ischemic Optic Neuropathies: Hypovolemia and Diabetic Papillopathy

3.7. Inflammatory Pathology of the Optic Nerve

3.7.1. Inflammatory Pathology of the Optic Nerve  
3.7.2. Demyelinating Optic Nerve Pathology  
3.7.3. Infectious Pathology of the Optic Nerve  
3.7.4. Other Inflammatory Neuropathies: Perineuritis, Sarcoidosis and Autoimmune

3.8. Infiltrative and Compressive Pathology  

3.8.1. Tumor Pathology of the Optic Nerve  
3.8.2. Optic Nerve Metastases, Lymphoma and Leukemia  
3.8.3. Aneurysms and Compressive Bone Pathology of the Optic Canal

3.9. Metabolic and Nutritional Pathology  

3.9.1. Metabolic Neuropathies 
3.9.2. Nutritional Neuropathies  
3.9.3. Toxic Neuropathies 

3.10. Traumatic Pathology  

3.10.1. Direct Trauma  
3.10.2. Indirect Trauma  
3.10.3. Clinical Management

Welcome to the best academic program in Neuro-Ophthalmology. You’re just one step away from taking your career to the next level"