This Hybrid professional master’s degree offers you an exclusive content on Internal Medicine in Veterinary Medicine that will allow you to update your knowledge with guarantees"

Improvements in diagnostic imaging equipment, specific pharmacological therapies and surgical techniques have led to better disease detection procedures and treatments in large species. Given this reality, veterinary professionals have better tools to face the challenges posed by new emerging pathologies or more precise intervention in cardiac, respiratory or neurological problems. 

Given the relevance of these advances in the field of Internal Medicine, TECH has developed this 12-month Hybrid professional master’s degree that is distinguished by providing a 100% online teaching methodology, applied to the theoretical framework and by a face-to-face practical stay in a prestigious veterinary center. 

Thus, the graduate will have the excellent opportunity to obtain a complete update on a wide range of medical areas such as Cardiology, Neurology, Respiratory, Neonatology, Ophthalmology, Endocrinology, Dermatology, among others. For this purpose, numerous teaching resources are available, accessible 24 hours a day, from any electronic device with an Internet connection. 

The veterinarian will culminate the academic experience with a 3-week stay in a prestigious center, where they will be guided by professionals with an excellent background in this field. A process that will lead the student to test the procedures and working methods used by experts in the clinical care and assistance of large animals. 

The professional is thus faced with a unique academic proposal that will allow them to keep abreast of the most notorious advances in this field with a flexible pedagogy that adapts to the real needs of the graduates.

Add to your online update the execution of your clinical practice in a veterinary center with the highest standards of quality and technological level"

This Hybrid professional master’s degree in Internal Medicine in Large Animals contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include: 

• Development of more than 100 clinical cases presented by expert veterinary professionals based on the treatment and diagnosis of diseases with university professors with extensive experience in internal medicine in larger species
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Presentation of case studies in the care of the main pathologies in Major Species
• Implementation of the Relearning system, providing greater dynamism in teaching with audiovisual resources such as video summaries and specialized readings
• Performing detailed clinical examinations, interpreting diagnostic test results and formulating individualized treatment plans to address a variety of medical conditions
• All of this will be complemented by theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection
• In addition, you will be able to carry out a clinical internship in one of the best veterinary centers in the world

Take an intensive 3-week internship in a recognized center in the sector and acquire the skills for your personal and professional growth"

In this Professional Master's Degree proposal, of a professionalizing nature and blended learning modality, the program is aimed at updating veterinary professionals who develop their functions in specialized veterinary centers, and who require a high level of qualification. The contents are based on the latest scientific evidence, and oriented in a didactic way to integrate theoretical knowledge in veterinary practice, and the theoretical-practical elements will facilitate the updating of knowledge and will allow decision making in animal management.

Thanks to their multimedia content developed with the latest educational technology, they will allow the veterinary professional to obtain situated and contextual learning, that is, a simulated environment that will provide immersive learning programmed to train in real situations. The design of this program focuses on Problem Based Learning, through which the student will have to try to solve the different professional practice situations that will arise throughout the program. For this purpose, the students will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.

This Hybrid professional master’s degree provides you with the best practical preparation with specialized veterinary centers of the highest standards in the sector"

Enhance your diagnostic skills through the Hybrid professional master’s degree in Internal Medicine in Major Species, in a practical way and adapted to your needs"

This program has been designed and conceived according to the most recent research in diagnosis, treatment and diseases with different types of alterations, establishing a curriculum that provides a great content on Internal Medicine in Major Species. This Hybrid professional master’s degree is oriented to provide advanced information on neurological examinations and main diagnostic tests. This update can be carried out by means of the multiple multimedia tools that offer dynamism and a greater attractiveness to this university program. All this from a global point of view, incorporating all the fields of work involved in the development of its functions.

Update yourself directly with TECH, accompanied by professionals with great expertise in the use of arrhythmogenic mechanisms"

Module 1. Alterations of the Cardiovascular System in Large Animals

1.1. Anatomy and clinical pathology cardiovascular

1.1.1. Embryonic development and heart anatomy
1.1.2. Fetal circulation
1.1.3. The heart cycle
1.1.4. Ionic channels and potential for action
1.1.5. Neurohormonal control of the heart
1.1.6. Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms

1.2. Cardiovascular examination

1.2.1. Medical History
1.2.2. Cardiovascular examination

1.3. Diagnostic Tests

1.3.2. Tensiometry
1.3.3. Electrocardiography
1.3.4. Echocardiography
1.3.5. Vascular Ultrasound

1.4. Congenital heart and valve diseases in the horse

1.4.1. Ventricular Septal Defect
1.4.2. Tetralogy of Fallot
1.4.3. Patent Ductus Arteriosus
1.4.4. Aortic Insufficiency
1.4.5. Mitral Insufficiency
1.4.6. Tricuspid Regurgitation

1.5. Arrhythmias on the horse

1.5.1. Supraventricular Arrhythmias
1.5.2. Ventricular Arrhythmias
1.5.3. Conduction Disturbances

1.6. Pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis and vascular alterations in the horse

1.6.1. Pericardial Disorders
1.6.2. Myocardial Disorders

1.6.2.1. Alterations of the endocardium
1.6.2.2. Aorto-cardiac and aorto-pulmonary fistulas

1.7. Cardiovascular diseases in bovine animals

1.7.1. Cardiovascular System Examination in Bovines
1.7.2. Congenital Cardiovascular Pathologies
1.7.3. Arrhythmias
1.7.4. Heart Failure and Cor Pulmonale
1.7.5. Valvular and Endocardial Diseases
1.7.6. Myocardial Diseases and Cardiomyopathies
1.7.7. Pericardial Diseases
1.7.8. Thrombosis and Embolism
1.7.9. Neoplasty

1.8. Cardiovascular diseases in small ruminants

1.8.1. Cardiovascular System Examination in Small Ruminants
1.8.2. Congenital Cardiovascular Pathologies
1.8.3. Acquired Cardiovascular Pathologies
1.8.4. Toxic or Nutritional Deficiency Cardiopathies
1.8.5. Vascular Diseases

1.9. Cardiovascular diseases in camelids

1.9.1. Exploration of the cardiovascular system in camelids
1.9.2. Congenital Cardiovascular Pathologies
1.9.3. Acquired Cardiovascular Pathologies
1.9.4. Toxic or Nutritional Deficiency Cardiopathies
1.9.5. Anemia, polycythemia and erythrocytosis
1.9.6. Neoplasty

1.10. Cardiovascular Pharmacology

1.10.1. Vasodilators
1.10.2. Positive inotropes
1.10.3. Diuretics
1.10.4. Antiarrhythmics
1.10.5. Treatment of Heart Failure

Module 2. Alterations of the Respiratory System in Large Animals

2.1. Clinical Examination and Main Diagnostic Techniques of the Upper Respiratory Tract

2.1.1. Anamnesis and General Physical Examination
2.1.2. Examination of Upper Respiratory Tract
2.1.3. Endoscopy at Rest
2.1.4. Dynamic Endoscopy
2.1.5. Ultrasound and Radiography of Upper Respiratory Tract
2.1.6. Culture and Antibiogram

2.2. Clinical Examination and Main Diagnostic Techniques of the Lower Respiratory Tract

2.2.1. Examination of Lower Respiratory Tract
2.2.2. Thoracic Ultrasound Scan
2.2.3. Thoracic Radiography
2.2.4. Sample Collection: Tracheal Aspirate, Bronchoalveolar Lavage and Thoracocentesis
2.2.5. Arterial Blood Gases
2.2.6. Pulmonary Function Tests
2.2.7. Pulmonary Biopsy

2.3. Diseases of the Upper Respiratory Tract in Horses

2.3.1. Ethmoidal Hematoma
2.3.2. Sinusitis
2.3.3. Sinus Cysts
2.3.4. Guttural Pouch Pathologies: Tympanism, Mycosis, Empyema
2.3.5. Lymphoid Hyperplasia
2.3.6. Epiglottic Entrapment
2.3.7. Pharyngeal Collapse
2.3.8. Dorsal Displacement of the Soft Palate
2.3.9. Recurrent Laryngeal Papillomatosis
2.3.10. Arytenoid Chondritis
2.3.11. Rostral Displacement of Palatopharyngeal Arch

2.4. Equine Respiratory Viruses

2.4.1. Influenza
2.4.2. Herpesvirus
2.4.3. Other Respiratory Viruses

2.5. Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Horses

2.5.1. Clinical Signs
2.5.2. Pathogenesis
2.5.3. Diagnosis
2.5.4. Treatment
2.5.5. Prognosis

2.6. Pleuropneumonia and Bacterial Pneumonia in Equidae

2.6.1. Clinical Signs
2.6.2. Pathogenesis
2.6.3. Diagnosis
2.6.4. Treatment
2.6.5. Prognosis

2.7. Severe or Acute Asthma in Equidae

2.7.1. Clinical Signs
2.7.2. Pathogenesis
2.7.3. Diagnosis
2.7.4. Treatment
2.7.5. Prognosis

2.8. Respiratory Pathologies in Cattle

2.8.1. Examination of the Respiratory System in Cattle
2.8.2. Alterations in the Upper Respiratory Tract
2.8.3. Bovine Respiratory Syndrome
2.8.4. Interstitial Pneumonia and Other Causes of Pneumonia in Bovines
2.8.5. Alterations of the Thoracic Cavity

2.9. Respiratory Pathologies in Small Ruminants

2.9.1. Examination of the Respiratory System in Sheep and Goats
2.9.2. Alterations in the Upper Respiratory Tract
2.9.3. Pneumonia
2.9.4. Alterations of the Thoracic Cavity

2.10. Respiratory Pathologies in Camelids

2.10.1. Examination of the respiratory system in camelids
2.10.2. Alterations in the Upper Respiratory Tract
2.10.3. Pneumonia and Other Pulmonary and Thoracic Pathologies
2.10.4. Neoplasty

Module 3. Neurologic Alterations in Large Animals

3.1. Neurological examination and main diagnostic tests

3.1.1. Clinical Examination and Clinical Signs
3.1.2. Dynamic Assessment and Localization of the Lesion
3.1.3. Diagnostic Tests: Extraction and analysis of cerebrospinal fluid
3.1.4. Other Diagnostic Tests

3.2. Epilepsy, convulsions, congenital and degenerative diseases in the horse

3.2.1. Epilepsy and seizures
3.2.2. Sleep Disorders
3.2.3. Cerebellar abiotrophy
3.2.4. Shivers
3.2.5. Degenerative myeloencephalopathy
3.2.6. Polyneuritis

3.3. Central nervous system trauma and vestibular syndrome in equidae

3.3.1. Brain trauma
3.3.2. Spinal Cord Trauma
3.3.3. Vestibular Syndrome

3.4. Compressive diseases of the spinal cord in the horse

3.4.1. Pathogenesis and clinical signs
3.4.2. Diagnosis
3.4.3. Treatment and Prognosis

3.5. Viral diseases affecting the Central Nervous System (CNS) in horses

3.5.1. Myeloencephalopathy due to equine herpesvirus
3.5.2. Togavirus encephalitis (WEE, EEE and VEE)
3.5.3. West Nile virus encephalitis
3.5.4. Rabies
3.5.5. Bornavirus and other viral encephalitis

3.6. Other diseases affecting the CNS in horses

3.6.1. Equine Motor Neuron Disease (EMND)
3.6.2. Grass disease (equine dysautonomia)
3.6.3. Neoplasms
3.6.4. Metabolic alterations that cause neurological symptoms
3.6.5. Toxins
3.6.6. Headsaking
3.6.7. Lyme Disease

3.7. Tetanus and Botulism

3.7.1. Tetanus
3.7.2. Botulism

3.8. Neurological diseases of bovine animals

3.8.1. Examination of the nervous system in cattle
3.8.2. Alterations Mainly Affecting the Brain in Bovines
3.8.3. Disorders Mainly Affecting the Brainstem in Bovines
3.8.4. Disorders Mainly Affecting the Cerebellum in Bovines
3.8.5. Alterations Mainly Affecting the Spinal Cord in Bovines
3.8.6. Alterations Mainly Affecting the Peripheral Nerves in Bovines

3.9. Neurological diseases of small ruminants

3.9.1. Nervous system examination in sheep and goats
3.9.2. Disorders Mainly Affecting the Brain in Small Ruminants
3.9.3. Disorders Mainly Affecting the Brainstem in Small Ruminants
3.9.4. Disorders Mainly Affecting the Cerebellum in Small Ruminants
3.9.5. Disorders Mainly Affecting the Spinal Cord in Small Ruminants

3.10. Neurological diseases of camelids animals

3.10.1. Nervous system examination and diagnostic techniques in camelids
3.10.2. Congenital pathologies and nervous system development
3.10.3. Infectious meningoencephalitis
3.10.4. Noninfectious primary neuropathies
3.10.5. Secondary neuropathies
3.10.6. Myopathies and vertebral pathologies
3.10.7. Neurological visual and hearing impairments

Module 4. Alterations of the Gastrointestinal System in Large Animals

4.1. Clinical examination and diagnostic tests

4.1.1. Physical Examination
4.1.2. Imaging Techniques
4.1.3. Endoscopy
4.1.4. Absorption and digestion test
4.1.5. Other Tests

4.2. Disorders affecting the stomach of horses

4.2.1. Gastric ulceration syndrome
4.2.2. Stomach impactions
4.2.3. Other diseases affecting the stomach

4.3. Strangulating injuries on the horse

4.3.1. Strangulating lesions of the small intestine
4.3.2. Strangulating lesions of the large intestine

4.4. Obstructive injuries on the horse

4.4.1. Obstructive lesions of the esophagus
4.4.2. Obstructive lesions of the small intestine
4.4.3. Obstructive lesions of the large intestine

4.5. IBD: inflammatory diseases/malabsorption syndrome in horses

4.5.1. Clinical Approach
4.5.2. Dietary lymphosarcoma
4.5.3. Granulomatous enteritis
4.5.4. Eosinophilic enterocolitis
4.5.5. Lymphocytic-plasmocytic enterocolitis
4.5.6. Proliferative Enteropathy
4.5.7. Others

4.6. Pathologies that affect the liver

4.6.1. Liver disease and liver failure
4.6.2. Clinical signs of liver disease
4.6.3. Acute liver disease
4.6.4. Chronic liver disease
4.6.5. Vascular and Congenital Diseases

4.7. Colitis, enteritis and peritonitis

4.7.1. Colitis
4.7.2. Enteritis
4.7.3. Treatment options for horses with acute diarrhea
4.7.4. Peritonitis

4.8. Gastrointestinal disorders in cattle

4.8.1. Examination of the gastrointestinal system in cattle
4.8.2. Disorders of the Oral Cavity
4.8.3. Indigestion
4.8.4. Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis
4.8.5. Abomination displacements and other alterations of the abomaso
4.8.6. Obstructive bowel disorders
4.8.7. Diarrhea in adult cattle

4.9. Gastrointestinal Disorders of Small Ruminants

4.9.1. Exploration of the gastrointestinal system in small ruminants
4.9.2. Disorders of the Oral Cavity
4.9.3. Indigestion and Other Pre-stomach Disorders
4.9.4. Enterotoxemia
4.9.5. Diarrhea in Adult Sheep and Goats

4.10. Gastrointestinal alterations in camelids

4.10.1. Anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract of camelids
4.10.2. Diagnostic Techniques
4.10.3. Congenital Gastrointestinal Pathologies
4.10.4. Diseases of the Oral Cavity
4.10.5. Diseases of the Esophagus
4.10.6. Pathologies of gastric compartments or pre-estomachs
4.10.7. Enteritis and diarrhea
4.10.8. Acute or colic abdomen
4.10.9. Neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract

Module 5. Alterations of the Urinary System in Large Animals

5.1. Anatomy, physiology and diagnostic tests

5.1.1. Anatomy
5.1.2. Physiology

5.1.2.1. Elimination of nitrogen components
5.1.2.2. Electrolyte removal and recovery (tubular function)
5.1.2.3. Water Balance

5.2. Haematology and blood biochemistry

5.2.1. Urinalysis

5.2.1.1. Density
5.2.1.2. Test strip
5.2.1.3. Microscopy
5.2.1.4. Enzimuria
5.2.1.5. Excretional fractions
5.2.1.6. Culture

5.2.2. Imaging Techniques

5.2.2.1. Ultrasound
5.2.2.2. Radiology
5.2.2.3. Endoscopy
5.2.2.4. Gammagraphy

5.2.3. Renal Biopsy
5.2.4. Quantification of renal function (clearance)

5.3. Acute Kidney Failure (ARI) in the horse

5.3.1. Causes
5.3.2. Pathophysiology
5.3.3. Renal tubular necrosis
5.3.4. Acute interstitial nephritis
5.3.5. Acute glomerulonephritis
5.3.6. Diagnosis
5.3.7. Treatment
5.3.8. Prognosis

5.4. Chronic kidney failure in the horse

5.4.1. Predisposing Factors
5.4.2. Glomerulonephritis
5.4.3. Chronic interstitial nephritis
5.4.4. Other Causes
5.4.5. Diagnosis
5.4.6. Treatment
5.4.7. Prognosis

5.5. Renal tubular acidosis in the horse

5.5.1. Pathophysiology
5.5.2. Type 1
5.5.3. Type 2
5.5.4. Type 3
5.5.5. Quantitative/traditional approximation to imbalances
5.5.6. Diagnosis
5.5.7. Treatment

5.6. Research and differential diagnosis of polyuria/polydipsia

5.6.1. Diagnostic Protocol
5.6.2. Causes

5.6.2.1. Renal Insufficiency
5.6.2.2. Cushing
5.6.2.3. Primary polydipsia
5.6.2.4. Excess salt consumption
5.6.2.5. Diabetes Insipidus
5.6.2.6. Diabetes Mellitus
5.6.2.7. Sepsis
5.6.2.8. Latrogenic

5.7. Research and differential diagnosis of pigmenturia (renal hemorrhage, urolithiasis, urethritis)

5.7.1. Urethritis/urethral defects
5.7.2. Cystitis
5.7.3. Pyelonephritis
5.7.4. Urolithiasis

5.7.4.1. Urethral stones
5.7.4.2. Bladder Stones

5.7.5. Idiopathic renal hematuria
5.7.6. Hematuria associated with exercise
5.7.7. Pigmenturia due to systemic pathology

5.8. Genitourinary diseases in cattle

5.8.1. Congenital Genitourinary Pathologies
5.8.2. Renal Damage and Failure
5.8.3. Other Kidney Diseases
5.8.4. Diseases of the Ureters, Bladder and Urethra

5.9. Genitourinary diseases in small ruminants

5.9.1. Congenital Genitourinary Pathologies
5.9.2. Renal Damage and Failure
5.9.3. Other Kidney Diseases
5.9.4. Urinary Obstruction
5.9.5. Diseases of the Ureters, Bladder and Urethra

5.10. Genitourinary diseases in camelids

5.10.1. Congenital Genitourinary Pathologies
5.10.2. Renal Damage and Failure
5.10.3. Other Kidney Diseases
5.10.4. Urinary Obstruction
5.10.5. Diseases of the Ureters, Bladder and Urethra
5.10.6. Neoplasty

Module 6. Neonatology in Large Animals

6.1. Clinical approach to the neonatal foal

6.1.1. Examination of the newborn foal
6.1.2. System assessment
6.1.3. Exploration of the mother and placenta

6.2. Sepsis in foals

6.2.1. Risk Factors
6.2.2. Clinical Signs
6.2.3. Diagnosis
6.2.4. Treatment
6.2.5. Prognosis

6.3. Neonatal hypoxia syndrome in foals

6.3.1. Etiopathogenesis
6.3.2. Clinical Signs
6.3.3. Diagnosis
6.3.4. Treatment
6.3.5. Prognosis

6.4. Respiratory disturbances of newborn foals

6.4.1. Choanal Atresia
6.4.2. Wry nose
6.4.3. Pneumonia
6.4.4. Acute respiratory distress syndrome
6.4.5. Rib fracture
6.4.6. Management of foals with pulmonary pathologies

6.5. Genitourinary alterations of newborn foals

6.5.1. Patent Urachus
6.5.2. Uroperitoneum
6.5.3. Renal Insufficiency
6.5.4. Inguinal and scrotal hernias
6.5.5. Ectopic ureters

6.6. Digestive disorders of newborn foals

6.6.1. Dysphagia
6.6.2. Gastric ulceration syndrome
6.6.3. Approach to the newborn with colic
6.6.4. Meconium Impaction
6.6.5. Diarrhea/enterocolitis

6.7. Intensive care, treatments and procedures

6.7.1. Neonatal monitoring
6.7.2. Care of the foal recumbent
6.7.3. Fluid Therapy
6.7.4. Feeding the sick foal
6.7.5. Antibiotherapy
6.7.6. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

6.8. Main Calf Problems

6.8.1. Congenital Diseases
6.8.2. Trauma and Death During Labor
6.8.3. Prematurity, Dysmaturity and Neonatal Maladjustment
6.8.4. Perinatal Diseases and Problems
6.8.5. Diseases Associated with Reproductive Biotechnologies
6.8.6. Failure of Colostral Immunoglobulins Transfer
6.8.7. Diarrhea in calves

6.9. Main Problems of Neonatal Small Ruminants

6.9.1. Congenital Diseases
6.9.2. Prematurity, Dysmaturity and Neonatal Maladjustment
6.9.3. Perinatal Problems
6.9.4. Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases
6.9.5. Locomotor System Diseases
6.9.6. Failure of Colostral Immunoglobulins Transfer

6.10. Main Problems of Neonatal Camelids

6.10.1. Congenital Diseases
6.10.2. Prematurity, Dysmaturity and Neonatal Maladjustment
6.10.3. Perinatal Problems
6.10.4. Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases
6.10.5. Locomotor System Diseases
6.10.6. Failure of Colostral Immunoglobulins Transfer

Module 7. Ophthalmology in Large Animals

7.1. Anatomy and Diagnostic Tests

7.1.1. Anatomy and Physiology of the Eyeball
7.1.2. Optic Nerve Blocks
7.1.3. Ophthalmologic examination
7.1.4. Basic Diagnostic Tests
7.1.5. Tonometry
7.1.6. Direct and Indirect Ophthalmoscopy
7.1.7. Ocular Ultrasonography
7.1.8. Other diagnostic imaging tests
7.1.9. Electroretinography
7.1.10. Sub-palpebral Catheter Placement

7.2. Alterations of the eyelids, conjunctiva and nasolacrimal duct in horses

7.2.1. Anatomy of Adnexal Tissues
7.2.2. Abnormalities of the Ocular Orbit
7.2.3. Eyelid Alterations
7.2.4. Abnormalities of the Ocular Conjunctive
7.2.5. Alterations of the nasolacrimal duct

7.3. Corneal ulcers in the horse

7.3.1. General Aspects
7.3.2. Classification of Corneal Ulcers
7.3.3. Simple, Complex and Severe Ulcers
7.3.4. Indolent Ulcer
7.3.5. Iridocele and eye piercing
7.3.6. Keratomalacia (melting)

7.4. Infectious keratitis and stromal abscesses in horses

7.4.1. Parasitic Keratitis
7.4.2. Viral keratitis
7.4.3. Fungal keratitis
7.4.4. Bacterial Keratitis
7.4.5. Stromal Abscess
7.4.6. Corneal Surgery

7.5. Immune-mediated diseases and idiopathic non-ulcerative keratitis of the cornea in equines

7.5.1. General Aspects. Classification
7.5.2. Superficial immunomediated keratitis
7.5.3. Deep-mid-stromal immunomediated keratitis
7.5.4. Immunomediated endothelial keratitis
7.5.5. Other immunomediated diseases of the cornea

7.6. Recurrent equine uveitis and other alterations of the uvea in horses

7.6.1. Anatomy and physiology of the uveal tract
7.6.2. Congenital diseases of the uvea
7.6.3. Acute uveitis
7.6.4. Equine Recurrent Uveitis

7.7. Other ocular alterations of horses

7.7.1. Crystalline Lens Alterations
7.7.2. Alterations of the retina and glaucoma
7.7.3. Ocular neoplasms and associated structures

7.8. Ocular disorders in cattle

7.8.1. Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis
7.8.2. Ocular carcinoma
7.8.3. Other alterations of the eyelids, conjunctiva and related tissues
7.8.4. Other ocular alterations

7.9. Ocular Disorders in Small Ruminants

7.9.1. Orbital Diseases
7.9.2. Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis
7.9.3. Parasitic Keratitis
7.9.4. Retinal Degeneration
7.9.5. Blindness

7.10. Ocular disorders in camelids

7.10.1. Congenital Diseases
7.10.2. Ulcerative Keratitis
7.10.3. Parasitic Keratitis

Module 8. Endocrinology and Dermatology in Large Animals

8.1. Clinical Approach and Diagnostic Tests in Equine Dermatology

8.1.1. Medical History
8.1.2. Sampling and Main Diagnostic Methods
8.1.3. Other Specific Diagnostic Techniques

8.2. Infectious, immunomediated and allergic diseases in the horse

8.2.1. Viral Diseases
8.2.2. Bacterial Diseases
8.2.3. Fungal Diseases
8.2.4. Parasitic Diseases
8.2.5. Hypersensitivity reactions: types
8.2.6. Insect Sting Allergy
8.2.7. Other allergies and skin reactions

8.3. Skin neoplasms in equidae

8.3.1. Sarcoids
8.3.2. Melanoma
8.3.3. Squamous Cell Carcinoma
8.3.4. Other Skin Tumors

8.4. Thyroid and adrenal gland alterations in horses

8.4.1. Thyroid functions
8.4.2. Factors affecting the measurement of thyroid hormones
8.4.3. Diagnostic test of thyroid function
8.4.4. Hypothyroidism
8.4.5. Hyperthyroidism
8.4.6. Neoplasms of the thyroid
8.4.7. Adrenal insufficiency in adults
8.4.8. Adrenal insufficiency in foals
8.4.9. Hyperadrenocorticism
8.4.10. Adrenocortical neoplasms

8.5. Pituitary pars intermediate dysfunction in horses

8.5.1. Etiopathogenesis
8.5.2. Clinical Signs
8.5.3. Diagnosis
8.5.4. Treatment

8.6. Equine Metabolic Syndrome

8.6.1. Etiopathogenesis
8.6.2. Clinical Signs
8.6.3. Diagnosis
8.6.4. Treatment

8.7. Alterations of the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the horse. Anhidrosis

8.7.1. Alterations that cause hypocalcemia
8.7.2. Pathologies that cause hypercalcemia
8.7.3. Diseases that cause hypophosphatemia
8.7.4. Pathologies associated with hyperphosphatemia
8.7.5. Hypomagnesemia
8.7.6. Hypermagnesemia
8.7.7. Anhidrosis

8.8. Dermatological, metabolic and endocrine disorders in cattle

8.8.1. Congenital Dermatological Pathologies
8.8.2. Skin and Hair Diseases
8.8.3. Subcutaneous Diseases
8.8.4. Hoof and Horn Diseases
8.8.5. Cutaneous Neoplasms
8.8.6. Ketosis
8.8.7. Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorous Disorders
8.8.8. Other Endocrinopathies

8.9. Dermatological and endocrine disorders in small ruminants

8.9.1. Congenital Dermatological Pathologies
8.9.2. Infectious Dermatitis
8.9.3. Vesicular and Mucocutaneous Junction Diseases
8.9.4. Hair and Wool Parasitic Diseases
8.9.5. Caseous Lymphadenitis
8.9.6. Skin and Adnexal Diseases Associated with Toxicity and Nutritional Problems
8.9.7. Neoplasty
8.9.8. Pregnancy Toxemia
8.9.9. Stump, Rickets

8.10. Dematological and Endocrine Disorders in Camelids

8.10.1. Infectious Dermatitis
8.10.2. Mucocutaneous Junction Diseases
8.10.3. Diseases which Affect the Quality of Fiber

Module 9. Laboratory diagnosis in horses. Hematopoietic system alterations and immunology in Large Animals

9.1. Hematology in the adult horse: alterations in the red series

9.1.1. Physiology of red blood cells and platelets
9.1.2. Interpretation of alterations in the red series
9.1.3. Iron metabolism
9.1.4. Thrombocytopenia/thrombocytosis
9.1.5. Polycythemia
9.1.6. Anaemia

9.1.6.1. Loss: Bleeding
9.1.6.2. Destruction

9.1.6.2.1. Infectious and parasitic diseases causing anemia: piroplasmosis, EIA and other diseases
9.1.6.2.2. Immunomediated hemolysis
9.1.6.2.3. Isoerythrolysis Neonatal
9.1.6.2.4. Oxidative damage

9.1.6.3. Lack of production

9.1.6.3.1. Anemia chronic inflammation
9.1.6.3.2. Myeloptisis/spinal aplasia

9.1.7. Physiology of the white series

9.1.7.1. Neutrophils
9.1.7.2. Eosinophils
9.1.7.3. Basophils
9.1.7.4. Lymphocytes
9.1.7.5. Mast cells
9.1.7.6. Leukaemias

9.2. Biochemistry in the adult horse

9.2.1. Renal profile
9.2.2. Liver profile
9.2.3. Proteins acute phase
9.2.4. Muscle profile
9.2.5. Other determinations

9.3. Haematology and biochemistry in foals/geriatric horses

9.3.1. Differences in hematology
9.3.2. Differences in biochemistry

9.3.2.1. Differences kidney function
9.3.2.2. Differences in liver function
9.3.2.3. Differences muscle profile

9.4. Immune response of foals and geriatric horses

9.4.1. Peculiarities of the immune system of newborn foals
9.4.2. Evolution during the first year of age of the immune response
9.4.3. Aging: peculiarities of the geriatric immune system

9.5. Hypersensitivity Reactions Immunomediated diseases

9.5.1. Hypersensitivity type 1
9.5.2. Hypersensitivity type 2
9.5.3. Hypersensitivity type 3
9.5.4. Hypersensitivity type 4
9.5.5. Immunocomplexes manifestations of immunomediated diseases

9.6. Hemostasis Disorders

9.6.1. Primary Hemostasis
9.6.2. Secondary Hemostasis
9.6.3. Intrinsic and extrinsic pathway-based coagulation vs. Cell-based coagulation model (initiation, propagation and amplification)
9.6.4. Anticoagulation
9.6.5. Fibrinolysis/Antifibrinolysis
9.6.6. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
9.6.7. Purpura hemorrhagic
9.6.8. Hereditary problems
9.6.9. Procoagulant/anticoagulant treatments

9.7. Basic principles acid base balance. Fluid Therapy

9.7.1. Introduction. Why is acid-base balance important?
9.7.2. Basic Concepts
9.7.3. Protection mechanisms: short- and long-term compensation
9.7.4. Interpreting Methods
9.7.5. Step by step, how do I interpret acid-base to get the most information?

9.7.5.1. Lactate
9.7.5.2. Electrolytes

9.7.5.2.1. Hypernatremia ( >145mmol/l)
9.7.5.2.2. Hyponatremia (horse<134 mmol/l)
9.7.5.2.3. Hyperkalemia or hyperkalemia (>4.5mmol/l)
9.7.5.2.4. Hypokalemia or hypokalemia (<3.5 mmol/l)
9.7.5.2.5. Hyperchlorémia (>110 mmol/l)
9.7.5.2.6. Hypochlorism (<90 mmol/l)

9.7.5.3. SIDm
9.7.5.4. Atot
9.7.5.5. SIG

9.7.6. Classification of the Alterations
9.7.7. Basic principles of Fluid Therapy
9.7.8. Body composition of fluids and electrolytes
9.7.9. Dehydration estimate
9.7.10. Types of Fluid

9.7.10.1. Crystalloid solutions

9.7.10.1.1 Ringer-lactate
9.7.10.1.2 Isofundin® 
9.7.10.1.3 Saline solution (0.9% NaCl)
9.7.10.1.4 Sterovet®
9.7.10.1.5 Baking soda
9.7.10.1.6 Glucosaline 0.3/3.6%
9.7.10.1.7 Hypertonic saline solution (7.5% NaCl)

9.7.10.2 Colloidal solutions

9.7.10.2.1 IsoHes®
9.7.10.2.2 Plasma

9.8. Interpretation of analytical and immunological and hematopoietic alterations in cattle

9.8.1. Blood Count:
9.8.2. Blood Biochemistry
9.8.3. Allergies
9.8.4. Immune-Mediated Anemia
9.8.5. Thrombocytopenia

9.9. Interpretation of analytical and immunological and hematopoietic alterations in small ruminants

9.9.1. Blood Count:
9.9.2. Anemia and the FAMACHA System
9.9.3. Blood Biochemistry

9.10. Interpretation of analytical and immunological and hematopoietic alterations in camelids

9.10.1. Blood Count:
9.10.2. Anaemia
9.10.3. Blood Biochemistry

Module 10. Infectious and parasitic diseases in Large Animals

10.1. Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases

10.1.1. Laboratory Diagnostic Tests
10.1.2. Antimicrobial Treatments and Resistance
10.1.3. Use of Vaccines
10.1.4. Biosecurity and Control Measures

10.2. Main infectious diseases in horses

10.2.1. Notifiable Diseases
10.2.2. Bacterial Diseases
10.2.3. Viral diseases
10.2.4. Fungal Diseases

10.3. Main Bovine Infectious and Contagious Diseases

10.3.1. Notifiable Diseases
10.3.2. Bacterial Diseases
10.3.3. Viral diseases
10.3.4. Fungal Diseases
10.3.5. Prion Diseases

10.4. Main infectious diseases in small ruminants

10.4.1. Notifiable Diseases
10.4.2. Bacterial Diseases
10.4.3. Viral diseases
10.4.4. Fungal Diseases
10.4.5. Prion Diseases

10.5. Main infectious diseases in camelids

10.5.1. Notifiable Diseases
10.5.2. Bacterial Diseases
10.5.3. Viral diseases
10.5.4. Fungal Diseases

10.6. Main parasites affecting the horse

10.6.1. Hemoparasites
10.6.2. Small strongholes or ciatostomas
10.6.3. Great stringers
10.6.4. Roundworms
10.6.5. Other nematodes
10.6.6. Cestodes

10.7. Main Parasites Affecting Bovines

10.7.1. Hemoparasites
10.7.2. Gastrointestinal Nematodes
10.7.3. Nematodes Affecting the Respiratory Tract
10.7.4. Cestodes
10.7.5. Trematodes
10.7.6. Coccidia

10.8. Main Parasites Affecting Small Ruminants

10.8.1. Hemoparasites
10.8.2. Gastrointestinal Nematodes
10.8.3. Nematodes Affecting the Respiratory Tract
10.8.4. Cestodes
10.8.5. Trematodes
10.8.6. Anthelmintic Resistance in Small Ruminants
10.8.7. Management, Treatment and Control Programs (FAMACHA)

10.9. Main parasites affecting camelids

10.9.1. Hemoparasites
10.9.2. Coccidia
10.9.3. Nematodes
10.9.4. Cestodes

10.10. Prevention and Treatment of Parasitic Diseases

10.10.1. Diagnostic Techniques
10.10.2. Therapeutic Principles
10.10.3. Resistance Development
10.10.4. Management and Control Programs

You will have access to a library of multimedia resources 7 days a week, 24 hours a day"