Update your knowledge in international accounting so that you can keep up with the demands of the business market and project your professional career"

Why Study at TECH?

TECH is the world's largest 100% online business school. It is an elite business school, with a model based on the highest academic standards. A world-class center for intensive managerial skills education.   

TECH is a university at the forefront of technology, and puts all its resources at the student's disposal to help them achieve entrepreneurial success"

At TECH Global University

Innovation

The university offers an online learning model that balances the latest educational technology with the most rigorous teaching methods. A unique method with the highest international recognition that will provide students with the keys to develop in a rapidly-evolving world, where innovation must be every entrepreneur’s focus.

"Microsoft Europe Success Story", for integrating the innovative, interactive multi-video system. 

The Highest Standards

Admissions criteria at TECH are not economic. Students don't need to make a large investment to study at this university. However, in order to obtain a qualification from TECH, the student's intelligence and ability will be tested to their limits. The institution's academic standards are exceptionally high...  

95% of TECH students successfully complete their studies.

Networking

Professionals from countries all over the world attend TECH, allowing students to establish a large network of contacts that may prove useful to them in the future.  

100,000+ executives prepared each year, 200+ different nationalities.

Empowerment

Students will grow hand in hand with the best companies and highly regarded and influential professionals. TECH has developed strategic partnerships and a valuable network of contacts with major economic players in 7 continents.  

500+ collaborative agreements with leading companies.

Talent

This program is a unique initiative to allow students to showcase their talent in the business world. An opportunity that will allow them to voice their concerns and share their business vision. 

After completing this program, TECH helps students show the world their talent.

Multicultural Context

While studying at TECH, students will enjoy a unique experience. Study in a multicultural context. In a program with a global vision, through which students can learn about the operating methods in different parts of the world, and gather the latest information that best adapts to their business idea.

TECH students represent more than 200 different nationalities.  

Learn with the best

In the classroom, TECH’s teaching staff discuss how they have achieved success in their companies, working in a real, lively, and dynamic context. Teachers who are fully committed to offering a quality specialization that will allow students to advance in their career and stand out in the business world. 

Teachers representing 20 different nationalities. 

TECH strives for excellence and, to this end, boasts a series of characteristics that make this university unique:   

Analysis

TECH explores the student’s critical side, their ability to question things, their problem-solving skills, as well as their interpersonal skills.  

Academic Excellence

TECH offers students the best online learning methodology. The university combines the Relearning method (postgraduate learning methodology with the best international valuation) with the Case Study. Tradition and vanguard in a difficult balance, and in the context of the most demanding educational itinerary. 

TECH is the world’s largest online university. It currently boasts a portfolio of more than 10,000 university postgraduate programs. And in today's new economy, volume + technology = a ground-breaking price. This way, TECH ensures that studying is not as expensive for students as it would be at another university.   

At TECH, you will have access to the most rigorous and up-to-date case analyses in academia” 

The Professional master’s degree in International Economics offers entrepreneurs who aspire to a broad career path an easy way to obtain all the latest strategic tools and financial techniques. In addition, TECH Global University applies a 100% online modality, which allows the adaptation of the study pace, in addition to the Relearning methodology, which exempts students from long hours of memorization, assimilating the syllabus in a gradual and practical way.

Contemplate the current financial landscape and establish solutions to problems in the process of internationalization of a company"

Syllabus

TECH's Professional master’s degree in International Economics is a comprehensive program designed for graduates in Economics and Business Management to meet the business challenges of the economic paradigm. A unique opportunity to delve into the financial field in the most direct and simple way.

The main objective of this program is focused on expanding and updating the strategic and technical skills of senior managers, so that they can optimize their professional projection and master the latest changes in economic policy, their consequences and the indicators of international economic organizations in a global economic environment. Over the course of 12 months, The specialist will analyze numerous theoretical and practical cases, simulating real financial situations, through individual and team work.

This program is a true immersion in the field of International Economics and provides a detailed and in-depth study of the most important aspects of international accounting, economic policy, international taxation, international contracting, as well as financial and actuarial risk management at a global level.

In addition, TECH Global University applies the Relearning  methodology to bring the latest trends through the best educational methodology and an exceptional faculty, which will provide the specialist with the skills to solve critical situations in a creative and efficient way. All this, through a 100% online modality that offers the possibility of adapting learning to the personal and professional needs of the students, guaranteeing their correct instruction in the economic and financial field.

This Professional master’s degree takes place over 12 months and is divided into 10 modules:

Module 1. International Accounting 
Module 2. Economic Policy
Module 3. Strategic Business Management  
Module 4. Financial Institutions and Markets 
Module 5. International Taxation   
Module 6. Private International Law
Module 7. International Trade Economics 
Module 8. International Contracting  
Module 9. Financial and Actuarial Risk Management
Module 10. International Economic Organizations

Where, When and How is it Taught?

TECH offers the possibility of studying this Professional master’s degree in International Economics fully online. Throughout the 12 months of the educational program, you will be able to access all the contents of this program at any time, allowing you to self-manage your study time.

Module 1. International Accounting 

1.1. Introduction to International Accounting, Finance and Taxation. The International Financial Reporting Standards System

1.1.1. Description and Historical Evolution of the Main Institutions Responsible for the Development of the First International Accounting Reporting Standards
1.1.2. Objective of International Financial Reporting Standards
1.1.3. Description of the International Financial Reporting Standards System

1.2. Property, Plant and Equipment, Investment Property and Non-Current Assets Held for Sale

1.2.1. Classification and Valuation of Property, Plant and Equipment
1.2.2. Real Estate Investments

1.2.2.1. Real Estate Investments in Land and Natural Assets
1.2.2.2. Real Estate Investments in Buildings

1.2.3. Non-Current Assets Held for Sale

1.3. International Accounting Standards Intangible Assets (IAS38)

1.3.1. IAS38 Concepts and Definitions for Intangible Fixed Assets

1.3.1.1. Criteria for Recognition of Intangible Fixed Assets

1.3.2. Standards Applicable to Intangible Fixed Assets
1.3.3. Control and Benefits of Intangible Fixed Assets

1.4. Leases (IAS17)

1.4.1. Conceptual Definition
1.4.2. Financial Leasing
1.4.3. Non-Cancellable Leases

1.5. Value Added Tax. Concept, Regulation, Marginal Rates and Accounting Records

1.5.1. Conceptual Definition and Economic Justification
1.5.2. Forms of Application in the Economy
1.5.3. VAT Regulations
1.5.4. VAT Calculation
1.5.5. VAT in Accounting

1.6. Financial Instruments and Financial Assets (IAS32)

1.6.1. Conceptual Definition of Financial Instrument
1.6.2. Definition of Financial Asset and Its Different Classifications
1.6.3. Methodology and Applications of Financial Assets

1.7. Financial Instruments and Financial Liabilities

1.7.1. Definition of Financial Liabilities
1.7.2. Types of Financial Liabilities
1.7.3. Methodology and Applications of Financial Liabilities

1.8. Foreign Currency Transactions

1.8.1. Concepts and Definitions of Foreign Currency Transactions
1.8.2. International Transactions
1.8.3. Analysis of Types of Foreign Currency Transactions

1.9. Income Taxes

1.9.1. Corporate Income Tax
1.9.2. Accounts Relating to Income Tax
1.9.3. Distribution of Tax Income over Several Years

Module 2. Economic Policy  

2.1. Introduction to the Economic Policy Framework

2.1.1. Different Types of Economic Systems
2.1.2. Market Failures as the Main Justification for Economic Policy Action

2.2. Objectives and Instruments of Economic Policy

2.2.1. Main Instruments for Economic Policy Management
2.2.2. Analysis of the Implementation of the Different Economic Measures
2.2.3. Economic and Social Objectives

2.3. Economic Employment Policies

2.3.1. Labor Market Developments
2.3.2. Definition of the Different Employment Statuses of Citizens
2.3.3. Keynesian Theory
2.3.4. Neoclassical Theory
2.3.5. Other Theories on the Labor Market in a Globalized and Digitized Environment

2.4. Price Stability Policies

2.4.1. Stabilization Objective
2.4.2. Definition of Inflation
2.4.3. Analysis of the Inflation Rate and the Indicators Related to Its Measurement.
2.4.4. Inflation Control
2.4.5. Effects of Inflation
2.4.6. Deflation and Its Consequences on the Economy

2.5. Economic Growth Policies

2.5.1. Economic Growth and Development Fostered by Economic Policy
2.5.2. GDP Calculation and Its Long-Term Estimation as the Main Indicator for Improving Competitiveness in an International Context
2.5.3. Technology and Digital Media Applications as Optimization and Enabler of Human Capital Productivity Enhancement

2.6. Income Redistribution Policies

2.6.1. Background of Income Redistribution Policies
2.6.2. Principle of Inequality and the Different Percentage Concentrations of Income in the Population
2.6.3. Measurement and Income Redistribution Policies with a Social Aim

2.7. Monetary Policy

2.7.1. Monetary Control Strategies
2.7.2. Objectives for the Justification of Monetary Control Imposed by the State
2.7.3. Other Monetary Instruments
2.7.4. IS-LM Model
2.7.5. Monetary Policy of the European Union
2.7.6. Economic Crisis of 2007
2.7.7. Ecuador and Changes in Its Monetary Policy

2.8. Fiscal Policy

2.8.1. Instruments of Keynesian Fiscal Policy
2.8.2. Automatic Stabilizers
2.8.3. Measures Applied During the 2007 Economic Crisis

2.9. Microeconomic Policy

2.9.1. Organizational Policies in a Company

2.9.1.1. Production Policies
2.9.1.2. Market Policies
2.9.1.3. Labor Policies
2.9.1.4. Quality Policies

2.9.2. Incentives and Penalties Based on the Economic Activity of the Business.
2.9.3. Subsidies for the Correct Management of CSR and Environmental Care on the Part of the Company

2.10. Innovation Policy

2.10.1. Innovation in the Market Structure
2.10.2. The Industrial Revolution 4.0
2.10.3. The Technological Revolution and Its Implications

Module 3. Strategic Business Management 

3.1. Organizational Analysis and Design

3.1.1. Organizational Culture
3.1.2. Organisational analysis
3.1.3. Designing the Organizational Structure

3.2. Corporate Strategy

3.2.1. Corporate Level Strategies (CLS)
3.2.2. Managing Corporate Strategy
3.2.3. Framing Corporate Strategy (SBU)

3.3. Strategic Planning and Strategy Formulation

3.3.1. Strategic Thinking
3.3.2. Strategic Planning and Formulation
3.3.3. The Balanced Scorecard

3.4. Strategy Models and Patterns

3.4.1. Scenario to Strategy (S2S)
3.4.2. Sustainable Advantages
3.4.3. Wealth, Value, and Return on Investments

3.5. Strategic Management

3.5.1. Establish the Strategic Position: Mission, Vision and Values
3.5.2. Developing New Businesses
3.5.3. Growing and Consolidating Companies

3.6. Implementing and Executing Strategy

3.6.1. Indicator Systems and Process Approach
3.6.2. Strategic Map
3.6.3. Differentiation and Alignment

3.7. Executive Management

3.7.1. Integrating Functional Strategies into the Global Business Strategies
3.7.2. Management Policy and Processes
3.7.3. Knowledge Management

3.8. Analyzing and Solving Problems

3.8.1. Problem Solving Method
3.8.2. Case Method
3.8.3. Decision Making

Module 4. Financial Institutions and Markets  

4.1. Financial Markets

4.1.1. Characteristics of Financial Markets
4.1.2. Functions of Financial Markets
4.1.3. Components of Financial Markets

4.2. Types of Financial Markets

4.2.1. Financial Markets According to Traded Rights
4.2.2. Financial Markets According to the Term of the Assets Traded
4.2.3. Financial Markets According to the Time of Issuance of Assets
4.2.4. Financial Markets According to Their Organizational Structure
4.2.5. Financial Markets According to the Time of Delivery of the Asset

4.3. Financial Market Supervisory Bodies
4.4. Stock Markets

4.4.1. The Stock Market
4.4.2. Futures Market
4.4.3. Options Markets

4.5. Fixed Income Market

4.5.1. Spot Interest Rates and Forward Interest Rates
4.5.2. Public Debt Market
4.5.3. AIAF Market

4.6. Equity Markets

4.6.1. Trading Systems
4.6.2. CNMV and Market Regulation
4.6.3. Securities and Stock Exchange Operations
4.6.4. IPOs

4.7. Futures Market

4.7.1. Forward Contracts
4.7.2. Futures on Interest
4.7.3. Exchange Rate Futures
4.7.4. Stock Index Futures

4.8. Options Markets

4.8.1. Speculative Operations
4.8.2. Continuous Arbitrage Operations
4.8.3. The Price of an Option Contract
4.8.4. Use of Options in Hedging
4.8.5. Characteristics of an Options Portfolio

4.9. OTC Derivative Products

4.9.1. FRA Markets
4.9.2. Swap
4.9.3. Cap, Floor and Collar

4.10. Foreign Exchange Market

4.10.1. Operation and Regulatory Agencies
4.10.2. Spot Foreign Exchange Transactions
4.10.3. Parity Conditions
4.10.4. Exchange to Local Currency

4.11. Investment Funds

4.11.1. Fixed Income Funds
4.11.2. Mixed Fixed Income Funds
4.11.3. Mixed Equity Funds
4.11.4. Equity Funds

4.12. Liberalization of Financial Markets

4.12.1. Eurodollars and Eurobonds
4.12.2. New International Titles
4.12.3. Globalization

Module 5. International Taxation   

5.1. Sources and Basic Concepts

5.1.1. Regulations
5.1.2. Tax Information Exchange Agreements between Countries
5.1.3. Tax Residency

5.1.3.1. Definition
5.1.3.2. Application

5.1.4. Attribution of Income Regime
5.1.5. Taxable Events and Exemptions

5.2. Taxation of Non-Residents in Accordance with Domestic Law

5.2.1. Income from the Activity Generated During the Stay in Latin America
5.2.2. Income from the Activity Generated without the Permanent Establishment in Latin America
5.2.3. Entities under the Income Attribution Regime

5.3. Taxation of Income under Double Taxation Conventions

5.3.1. Objective
5.3.2. Definitions
5.3.3. Method for the Avoidance of International Double Taxation

5.4. Double Taxation Avoidance Mechanisms

5.4.1. Procedure for Unilateral Action by the Tax Law
5.4.2. International Mechanisms
5.4.3. International Tax Law Rules

5.5. Personal Elements and Formal Aspects of Non-Residents' Income Tax

5.5.1. Introduction
5.5.2. Obligations
5.5.3. Reporting Standards

5.6. Expatriate and Impatriate Regime

5.6.1. Definition
5.6.2. Type of Regime
5.6.3. Reporting Standards
5.6.4. Application Deadlines
5.6.5. Changes in Residence
5.6.6. Taxpayers Residing in Other Latin American Countries

5.7. Tax Havens

5.7.1. Definition
5.7.2. Types
5.7.3. Non-Taxable Countries
5.7.4. Countries with Effective Exchange of Tax Information

5.8. Corporate Income Tax Law in Tax Havens

5.8.1. Effects on Companies Operating in Tax Havens
5.8.2. Procedure for Action
5.8.3. Transparency of Information as a Declaration of Good Practice

5.9. Law on Personal Income Tax in Tax Havens

5.9.1. Effects on Individuals and Natural Persons operating in Tax Havens
5.9.2. Procedure for Action
5.9.3. Transparency of Information as a Declaration of Good Practice

5.10. Non-Residents Income Tax Law in Tax Havens

5.10.1. Effects on Non-Residents Operating in Tax Havens
5.10.2. Procedure for Action
5.10.3. Transparency of Information as a Declaration of Good Practice

Module 6. Private International Law

6.1. Private International Law

6.1.1. Introduction: The Assumptions of Private International Law
6.1.2. Characteristics of Private International Law
6.1.3. Sources of Private International Law

6.2. International Jurisdiction I

6.2.1. Introduction
6.2.2. The General Forum
6.2.3. Special Forums

6.3. International Jurisdiction II

6.3.1. Exclusive Forums
6.3.2. Autonomy of the Will

6.4. Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Decisions

6.4.1. Introduction
6.4.2. European Regulations
6.4.3. International Legal Cooperation

6.5. Conflict of Laws

6.5.1. Introduction: Conflict of Laws
6.5.2. Structure and Types
6.5.3. Applying the Conflict of Laws

6.6. Personal Status

6.6.1. Personal Status
6.6.2. Legal Capacity
6.6.3. Capacity to Act
6.6.4. Individuals
6.6.5. Legal Entities

6.7. Contractual Obligations

6.7.1. Introduction. Contractual Obligations
6.7.2. Rome 1 Regulation
6.7.3. Applicable Law
6.7.4. Other Cases

6.8. Non-Contractual Obligations

6.8.1. Introduction. Non-Contractual Obligations
6.8.2. Rome II Regulation
6.8.3. Applicable Law
6.8.4. Other Cases

6.9. Family

6.9.1. Marriage: International Jurisdiction and Applicable Law (nullity, separation and divorce)
6.9.2. Filiation: International Jurisdiction and Applicable Law
6.9.3. Adoption
6.9.4. Maintenance Obligations: International Jurisdiction and Applicable Law

6.10. Successions

6.10.1. Introduction. Successions
6.10.2. International Jurisdiction
6.10.3. Applicable Law
6.10.4. Recognition and Execution

Module 7. International Trade Economics 

7.1. Introduction to International Trade Models

7.1.1. Theories of International Trade
7.1.2. Economic Geography
7.1.3. Foreign Direct Investment
7.1.4. The Monetary Theory of the Balance of Payments

7.1.4.1. Balance of Payments Equilibrium
7.1.4.2. Relationship with the External Sector and International Reserves

7.2. The Ricardian Model. Trade and Technology

7.2.1. Trends in International Trade
7.2.2. Concepts and Definitions of the Ricardian Model of International Trade
7.2.3. Advantages of the Ricardian Model
7.2.4. Total Factor Productivity

7.3. Profit and Loss. The Specific Factors Model

7.3.1. Specific Factors Model
7.3.2. Income from Labor, Capital and Land
7.3.3. Different Production Possibilities
7.3.4. International Mobility of the Labor Factor

7.4. Trade and Resources. The Heckscher- Ohlin Model.

7.4.1. Definition of the Heckscher - Ohlin Model
7.4.2. Effects on Factor Prices
7.4.3. Advantages and Disadvantages of the Heckscher-Ohlin Model

7.5. Labor and Capital Flows

7.5.1. Migration
7.5.2. IED
7.5.3. Growth of Societal Well-Being and Global Wealth Creation

7.6. Increasing Returns to Scale and Imperfect Competition Models

7.6.1. Definition of Increasing Returns Implicit in the Capabilities of the Productive Fabric
7.6.2. Trade under Imperfect Competition
7.6.3. Monopolies
7.6.4. Dumping

7.7. Goods and Services Outsourcing Models

7.7.1. Definition of Outsourcing of Goods and Services in a Globalized and Digitized Environment
7.7.2. CSR Implications and Effects on Prosumers
7.7.3. Outsourcing Processes and their Implications

7.8. Import Tariffs and Quotas. Models of Perfect Competition

7.8.1. WTO
7.8.2. International Trade Benefits
7.8.3. Application and Effects of Tariffs between Countries under the Regulation of International Agreements in Relation to Public and Private International Law

7.9. Decreasing Yields in the Production Process

7.9.1. Economic Theory of Diminishing Returns to Production
7.9.2. Situation Analysis of Productive Capacities with Diminishing Returns to Scale
7.9.3. Solutions and Actions in the Face of Diminishing Returns

7.10. Constant Returns

7.10.1. Economic Theory of Constant Returns to Scale
7.10.2. Production with Constant Returns to Scale
7.10.3. Limitations of Constant Returns to Scale

Module 8. International Contracting    

8.1. Introduction to International Contracting Relevant Regulations and Institutions in International Trade

8.1.1. GATT
8.1.2. WTO
8.1.3. OECD
8.1.4. EU
8.1.5. Mercosur
8.1.6. UN

8.1.6.1. Codification of International Commercial Law

8.1.7. Paris International Chamber of Commerce
8.1.8. UNIDROIT

8.2. Establishment of Companies Abroad and Subjects of International Contracting

8.2.1. Foreign Entrepreneur
8.2.2. Foreign Entrepreneur as a Legal Entity

8.2.2.1. Capital Companies
8.2.2.2. Multinational Companies
8.2.2.3. International Companies
8.2.2.4. Joint Ventures

8.2.3. Scope of Partnerships at the International Level

8.2.3.1. European Framework
8.2.3.2. Company Formation
8.2.3.3. International Merger

8.3. The General Regime of International Contracting

8.3.1. Legal Basis for International Contracting
8.3.2. Regulations Applicable to Contractual Obligations in the European Framework

8.4. International Terms of Trade (Incoterms). International Sale and Purchase of Goods

8.4.1. International Sale and Purchase of Goods
8.4.2. Countertrade
8.4.3. Incoterms

8.5. International Distribution Contracts and Collaboration Agreements

8.5.1. Introduction
8.5.2. Commercial Agency Agreement
8.5.3. Commercial Concession Contract
8.5.4. Franchise Agreement

8.6. Industrial Property Contracts and Electronic Contracting

8.6.1. Industrial Property Rights
8.6.2. Electronic Contracting

8.6.2.1. International IT Contracts and the New Smart Contracts Based on Blockchain Technology
8.6.2.2. IT Contracts Using Electronic Money, Virtual Currency and Cryptocurrencies

8.7. Guarantees, Means of Payment and International Payments

8.7.1. Types of Guarantees
8.7.2. Legal Regime
8.7.3. Means of Payment and International Payments

8.7.3.1. Features and Types
8.7.3.2. Check
8.7.3.3. Cross-Border Bank Transfers and Payment Orders
8.7.3.4. Remittances
8.7.3.5. Documentary Credit
8.7.3.6. Cryptocurrencies and Exchange Companies

8.8. International Financing Instruments. Introduction to Export Support Instruments

8.8.1. International Financing Contracts

8.8.1.1. Factoring
8.8.1.2. Leasing
8.8.1.3. Forfaiting

8.8.2. Foreign Exchange Risk

8.8.2.1. Introduction to Exchange Rate Risk
8.8.2.2. International Financing Hedging
8.8.2.3. Foreign Exchange Forwards and Currency Options
8.8.2.4. Swaps

8.9. Dispute Resolution in International Contracting

8.9.1. State Jurisdictional Bodies
8.9.2. Competent Courts
8.9.3. Alternative Resolutions
8.9.4. Judgment, Execution and Enforcement

8.10. International Arbitration Bodies

8.10.1. Introduction
8.10.2. Procedure
8.10.3. Award
8.10.4. Enforcement and Application of Arbitration Awards with Respect to Contracting

Module 9. Financial and Actuarial Risk Management 

9.1. Control and Management of Financial Risks in the New International Context

9.1.1. Financial Risk and Financial Institution Risk
9.1.2. Banking Activity Risks
9.1.3. Regulation and Solvency Ratios
9.1.4. Financial Risk Management

9.2. Market Risk I

9.2.1. Types of Market Risk

9.2.1.1. Interest Rate Risk
9.2.1.2. Exchange Rate Risk
9.2.1.3. Price Risk Based on Equities and Commodities
9.2.1.4. Basel II Capital Requirements for Market Risk, Updated
9.2.1.5. Basel II Standardized Valuation of Market Risk, Updated

9.3. Market Risk II

9.3.1. Concept of Value at Risk (VaR)
9.3.2. Market Risk Measurement Requirements
9.3.3. Ex-Ante and Ex-Post Risks
9.3.4. Parametric and Non-Parametric VaR Models

9.4. Credit Risk I

9.4.1. Concept
9.4.2. Analysis and Measurement Elements

9.4.2.1. Probability of Non-Compliance
9.4.2.2. Credit Exposure
9.4.2.3. Loss Rate or Loss Given Default

9.4.3. Rating Systems
9.4.4. Credit Risk Valuation Models
9.4.5. Credit Risk Hedging through Derivatives

9.5. Credit Risk II

9.5.1. Introduction
9.5.2. Standard method
9.5.3. IRB Method
9.5.4. Credit Risk Hedging
9.5.5. Asset Securitization

9.6. Operational Risk: Measurement, Control and Management

9.6.1. Introduction Definition and Classification
9.6.2. Quantification of Operating Loss
9.6.3. Operational Risk Management
9.6.4. Solutions and Actions During Operational Risk Management

9.6.4.1. Internal Controls
9.6.4.2. Insurance Contracts

9.6.5. Regulatory Framework
9.6.6. Basic Indicator Method
9.6.7. Standard method

9.7. Fundamental Concepts Associated with the Risk Process in the Insurance Activity

9.7.1. Definition of the Different Stages of Risk, from its Generation to Extinction
9.7.2. Generic study of the total accident rate

9.7.2.1. Expectation and Variance
9.7.2.2. Ordinary Moments

9.8. Premium Calculation and Technical Provisions

9.8.1. Non-Life Insurance Premiums
9.8.2. Pure Prime
9.8.3. Technical Provisions
9.8.4. Practical Calculation of Technical Provisions in Non-Life Insurance
9.8.5. Synthesis of the Classical Statistical Methods

9.9. Reinsurance

9.9.1. Definition and Functions
9.9.2. Technical, Financial and Legal Criteria
9.9.3. Proportional and Non-Proportional Modalities

9.10. Solvency

9.10.1. Introduction
9.10.2. Actuarial Risk Management Process
9.10.3. Probability of Ruin
9.10.4. Dividend Policies

Module 10. International Economic Organizations

10.1. Introduction to International Economic Organizations

10.1.1. Developments in International Politics and Economics
10.1.2. Creation of the IEOs Features
10.1.3. Background of the IEOs

10.2. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Bretton Woods system

10.2.1. History of the IMF
10.2.2. Services and Policies of the IMF
10.2.3. Institutional System and Operation

10.3. The World Bank Group (WB), Financial Support for Reducing Poverty

10.3.1. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
10.3.2. International Development Association (IDA)
10.3.3. International Finance Corporation
10.3.4. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Organization
10.3.5. International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)

10.4. Regional Banks and Development Aid

10.4.1. Regional Development Banks
10.4.2. Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
10.4.3. African Development Bank (AfDB)
10.4.4. Asian Development Bank (AsDB)

10.5. The United Nations (UN). Economic and Trade Cooperation for Development

10.5.1. Introduction and Historical Summary
10.5.2. United Nations Cooperation Programs

10.5.2.1.  UNCTAD
10.5.2.2. The United Nations Development Program (UNDP)

10.5.3. World Tourism Organization

10.6. The International Trading System I. The World Trade Organization (WTO)

10.6.1. From GATT to the WTO
10.6.2. Institutional System of the WTO
10.6.3. Dispute Settlement System
10.6.4. Substantive Law

10.6.4.1. Agreements on Goods and Services
10.6.4.2. Intellectual Property Agreements

10.6.5. WTO Disabilities

10.7. The International Trading System II. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)

10.7.1. Introduction and Main Characteristics
10.7.2. Incorporation and Adaptation of the Different Countries to the GATT
10.7.3. Functioning and Applications of GATT

10.8. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Main Programs and Areas of Action

10.8.1. Institutional System
10.8.2. Main Programs and Lines of Action
10.8.3. Organizational Structure and OECD Countries

10.9. International Investment Organizations

10.9.1. Agreements for the Promotion and Reciprocal Protection of Investments (APRPI)
10.9.2. European Energy Charter Treaty
10.9.3. Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
10.9.4. Human Rights and Environmental Protection

10.10. Integration initiatives.  regional economic

10.10.1. The European Union
10.10.2. Regional Economic Integration E. the Americas
10.10.3. Reach to Other Countries