Succeed with the best and acquire the knowledge and skills you need to embark on the Veterinary Pharmacology industry"

The Professional master’s degree covers all the latest developments in the field of pharmacology applicable in clinical practice. Veterinary Pharmacology should promote research into new drugs, new indications for drugs already on the market and new therapeutic strategies. On the other hand, the correct use of the drugs available at any given time for established indications should be considered. It is important to interpret the kinetics of drugs from the time they enter the body until they are eliminated. As well as the analysis of the correlation between the effects of drugs and the concentration of their free fraction in blood, and the consideration of drug interactions and their undesirable or collateral effects. 

This Professional master’s degree is a great tool available for the professional pharmacist that allows him/her to specialize in the area of pharmacology of the veterinary clinic, since there are more and more pets and exotic animals that require specific medication for certain pathologies. A high-quality training, offering the most advanced resources in online specialization, to guarantee the student an effective, real and practical learning that will boost their competencies to the highest level in this area of work.

The content of each module provides the student with comprehensive training in the theoretical and practical aspects of Veterinary Pharmacology . The internships that are proposed make the Professional master’s degree unique by applying different simulated situations that will allow students to develop skills for their performance in the real clinical environment.

The program includes practical activities to facilitate students' acquisition and mastery of the theory learned, supporting and complementing the knowledge acquired in the theoretical teaching. The contents are presented to the professional in an attractive and dynamic way in multimedia packages that include videos, images and diagrams in order to reinforce knowledge.

Thanks to its innovative teaching methodology, it allows the student to follow its contents in a totally flexible and personalized way, with great availability on the part of the teachers for consultations, doubts or tutorials. 

After passing the evaluations of the Professional master’s degree in Veterinary Pharmacology, the professional will have acquired the necessary professional competences to carry out a quality and up-to-date praxis.

A comprehensive training in the use of veterinary drugs for the prevention and treatment of diseases affecting animal health" 

This Professional master’s degree in Veterinary Pharmacology contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features of the program include:

• Practical cases presented by experts in Veterinary Pharmacology
• The graphic, schematic, and eminently practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Practical exercises where self-assessment can be used to improve learning
• Its special emphasis on innovative methodologies
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

Learn in an efficient way, with a real qualification objective, with this Professional master’s degree, unique for its quality and price, in the online teaching market" 

The program’s teaching staff includes professionals from sector who contribute their work experience to this training program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities.

Its multimedia content, developed with the latest scientific technology, will allow the professional a situated and contextual learning, that is, a simulated environment that will provide an immersive program programmed to learn in real situations.

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this purpose, the student will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts. 

The competencies you will acquire after completing this Professional master’s degree will position you as an expert in Veterinary Pharmacology"

Improving your skills in a sector with a high demand for professionals will boost both your professional and personal career"

In its maxim of offering an elite education for all, TECH counts on renowned professionals so that the student acquires a solid knowledge in the specialty of Veterinary Pharmacology. Therefore, this Professional master’s degree has a highly qualified team with extensive experience in the sector, which will offer the best tools for students to develop their skills during the course. It provides all the necessary knowledge to be able to perform, in the best possible way, pharmacology in veterinary medicine. A complete and accessible preparatory course that will make a difference in your career progression.

An educational program with which you will learn to develop all those processes that affect the molecule of a drug when it is administered to an animal species" 

Module 1. General Pharmacology 

1.1. Concept and Evolution of Pharmacology. Objectives of Veterinary Pharmacology 

1.1.1. Origin 
1.1.2. Evolution of Pharmacology as a Science 
1.1.3. Veterinary Pharmacology: Objectives 
1.1.4. General Concepts 

1.1.4.1. Pharmaceuticals 
1.1.4.2. Medication 
1.1.4.3. Pharmaceutical Forms 
1.1.4.4. Others 

1.2. Pharmacokinetics I: Drug Transport Systems across Biological Membranes 

1.2.1. General Principles 
1.2.2. General Transportation Mechanisms 

1.2.2.1. Transport Across Cell Membranes  
1.2.2.2. Transport Through Intercellular Clefts  

1.3. Pharmacokinetics II: Routes of Drug Administration. Concept of Absorption 

1.3.1. General Principles 
1.3.2. Routes of Administrating Medication 

1.3.2.1. Enteral Routes 

1.3.2.1.1. Oral 
1.3.2.1.2. Rectal 
1.3.2.1.3. Sublingual 
1.3.2.1.4. Others: Inhalation, Otic, Conjunctival, Dermal or Topical 

1.3.2.2. Parenteral Routes 

1.3.2.2.1. Intravenous 
1.3.2.2.2. Intramuscular 
1.3.2.2.3. Subcutaneous 
1.3.2.2.4. Intrathecal 
1.3.2.2.5. Epidural  

1.3.3. Absorption Mechanisms 
1.3.4. Concept of Bioavailability 
1.3.5. Factors that Modify Absorption 

1.4. Pharmacokinetics III: Drug Distribution I  

1.4.1. Distribution Mechanisms 

1.4.1.1. Binding to Plasma Proteins 
1.4.1.2. Hematoencephalic Barrier 
1.4.1.3. Placental Barrier 

1.4.2. Factors that Modify the Distribution 
1.4.3. Distribution Volume 

1.5. Pharmacokinetics IV: Drug Distribution II. Pharmacokinetic Compartments

1.5.1. Pharmacokinetic Models 
1.5.2. Concepts of the Most Characteristic Parameters 

1.5.2.1. Apparent Volume of Distribution 
1.5.2.2. Aqueous Compartments 

1.5.3. Variability of the Response 

1.6. Pharmacokinetics V: Drug Elimination: Metabolism 

1.6.1. Concept of Metabolism 
1.6.2. Phase I and II Metabolic Reactions 
1.6.3. Hepatic Microsomal System: Cytochromes. Polymorphisms 
1.6.4. Factors Influencing Biotransformation Processes

1.6.4.1. Physiological Factors 
1.6.4.2. Pathological Factors 
1.6.4.3. Pharmacological Factors (Induction/Inhibition) 

1.7. Pharmacokinetics VI: Drug Elimination: Excretion 

1.7.1. General Mechanisms  
1.7.2. Renal Excretion 
1.7.3. Biliary Excretion 
1.7.4. Other Excretion Routes 

1.7.4.1. Saliva 
1.7.4.2. Milk 
1.7.4.3. Sweat 

1.7.5. Elimination Kinetics 

1.7.5.1. Elimination Constant and Half-Life 
1.7.5.2. Metabolic and Excretion Clearance 

1.7.6. Factors that Modify the Excretion 

1.8. Pharmacodynamics: Drug Action Mechanisms Molecular Aspects 

1.8.1. General Concepts Receptor 
1.8.2. Types of Receivers 

1.8.2.1. Ion Channel Associated Receptors 
1.8.2.2. Enzyme Receptors 
1.8.2.3. Receptors Associated with Protein G 
1.8.2.4. Intracellular Receptors 

1.8.3. Drug- Receptor Interactions 

1.9. Adverse Reactions to Medications. Toxicity

1.9.1. Classification of Adverse Reactions According to their Origin 
1.9.2. Mechanisms of Production of Adverse Reactions 
1.9.3. General Aspects of Drug Toxicity  

1.10. Pharmacological Intervention 

1.10.1. Concept of Pharmacological Interaction 
1.10.2. Modifications Induced by Pharmacological Interactions 

1.10.2.1. Synergy 
1.10.2.2. Agony 
1.10.2.3. Antagonism 

1.10.3. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interactions 

1.10.3.1. Variability in Response Due to Pharmacokinetic Causes 
1.10.3.2. Variability in Response due to Pharmacodynamic Causes   

Module 2. Legal Framework of Medicine for Veterinary Use. Veterinary Pharmacovigilance 

2.1. Prescription of Medicines for Animal Use

2.1.1. Veterinary Prescription 
2.1.2. Ordinary Statute of Limitations 
2.1.3. Exceptional Requirements 
2.1.4. Prescription of Narcotic Drugs 
2.1.5. Prescription of Medicated Feed 

2.2. Dispensing of Medicines for Animal Use

2.2.1. Pharmacy Offices 
2.2.2. Livestock Entities or Groups 
2.2.3. Retail Commercial Establishments 
2.2.4. Emergency First Aid Kits 

2.3. Supply of Medicinal Products for Animal Use to Veterinarians 

2.3.1. Professional Practice of Veterinary Medicine 
2.3.2. Availability of Veterinary Medicines 
2.3.3. Possession and Use of Medicinal Gases 

2.4. Commercial Presentation and Information on Veterinary Medicinal Products

2.4.1. Packaging and Labeling 
2.4.2. Prospectus 
2.4.3. Information and Advertising 

2.5. Veterinary Pharmacovigilance I

2.5.1. Introduction to Veterinary Pharmacovigilance. Glossary of Terms
2.5.2. Risks Derived from Marketed Medicines 

2.6. Veterinary Pharmacovigilance II Animal Safety 

2.6.1. Safe Use of Veterinary Drugs in Animals 
2.6.2. Animal Welfare and Disease Prevention in Animals 
2.6.3. Guidelines for the Responsible Use of Large Animal Species: Animals for Slaughter 
2.6.4. Guidelines for Responsible Use of Companion Animal Species 

2.7. Veterinary Pharmacovigilance III Safety of Persons 

2.7.1. Adverse Effects of Veterinary Drugs on Humans 
2.7.2. Good Practices in the Use and Administration of Veterinary Medicine 
2.7.3. Protective Equipment for the Administration of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals 

2.8. Veterinary Pharmacovigilance IV Safety of Foods of Animal Origin 

2.8.1. Residues of Veterinary Medicine in Products of Animal Origin 
2.8.2. Importance of the Routes of Administration in Waiting Times 
2.8.3. Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) 

2.9. Veterinary Pharmacovigilance V. Antibiotic Resistance and Safety for the Environment 

2.9.1. Importance of Responsible Use of Veterinary Antimicrobials to Prevent Antibiotic Resistance  
2.9.2. Categorization of Antibiotics for Veterinary Use 
2.9.3. Importance of the Responsible Use of Medicines for the Environment 

Module 3. Pharmacology of the Autonomic Nervous System 

3.1. Peripheral Nervous System

3.1.1. Definition 
3.1.2. Classification 
3.1.3. Autonomic Nervous System 

3.1.3.1. Definition 
3.1.3.2. Classification 

3.2. Cholinergic Neurotransmitter System

3.2.1. Definition 
3.2.2. Nicotinic and Muscarinic Receptors 
3.2.3. Classification of Drugs 

3.3. Pharmacology of Cholinergic Transmission I

3.3.1. Transmission Blocking Drugs in Autonomous Ganglia 
3.3.2. Nicotinic Receptor Antagonists with Sympathokolitic Effects 
3.3.3. Nicotinic Receptor Antagonists with Parasympatholytic Effects (Hexamethonium, Mecamylamine) 

3.4. Pharmacology of Cholinergic Transmission II

3.4.1. Transmission-Blocking Drugs at Neuroeffector Junctions 
3.4.2. Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists 
3.4.3. Parasympatholytic Effects (Atropine, Scopolamine) 

3.5. Pharmacology of Cholinergic Transmission

3.5.1. Drugs that Mimic the Effects of Acetylcholine on Neuroeffector Junctions 
3.5.2. Muscarinic Receptor Agonists 
3.5.3. Parasympathomimetic Effects (Acetylcholine, Methacholine, Betanechol) 

3.6. Adrenergic Neurotransmitter System

3.6.1. Definition 
3.6.2. Adrenergic Receptors 
3.6.3. Classification of Drugs 

3.7. Pharmacology of Adrenergic Transmission

3.7.1. Drugs that Promote Noradrenaline at Neuroeffector Synapses  

3.8. Pharmacology of Adrenergic Transmission

3.8.1. Transmission-Blocking Drugs at Neuroeffector Junctions 

3.9. Pharmacology of Adrenergic Transmission

3.9.1. Drugs that Mimic the Effects of Noradrenaline at Neuroeffector Junctions 

3.10. Pharmacology in the Motor Plate 

3.10.1. Ganglionic or Ganglioplegic Blocking Drugs 
3.10.2. Non-Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs 
3.10.3. Depolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Drugs 

Module 4. Pharmacology of the Central Nervous System 

4.1. Pain 

4.1.1. Definition 
4.1.2. Classification 
4.1.3. Pain Neurobiology 

4.1.3.1. Transduction 
4.1.3.2. Transmission 
4.1.3.3. Modulation 
4.1.3.4. Perception 

4.1.4. Animal Models for the Study of Neuropathic Pain 

4.2. Nociceptive Pain 

4.2.1. Neuropathic Pain 
4.2.2. Pathophysiology of Neuropathic Pain 

4.3. Analgesic Drugs. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 

4.3.1. Definition 
4.3.2. Pharmacokinetics  
4.3.3. Action Mechanism 
4.3.4. Classification  
4.3.5. Pharmacological Effects 
4.3.6. Side Effects 

4.4. Analgesic Drugs. Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs 

4.4.1. Definition  
4.4.2 . Pharmacokinetics  
4.4.3. Action Mechanism. Classification  
4.4.4. Pharmacological Effects 
4.4.5. Side Effects 

4.5. Analgesic Drugs. Opioids 

4.5.1. Definition 
4.5.2. Pharmacokinetics 
4.5.3. Action MechanismAction Mechanism Opioid Receptors  
4.5.4. Classification 
4.5.5. Pharmacological Effects 

4.5.5.1. Side Effects 

4.6. Pharmacology of Anesthesia and Sedation 

4.6.1. Definition 
4.6.2. Mechanism of Action  
4.6.3. Classification: General and Local Anesthetics 
4.6.4. Pharmacological Properties  

4.7. Local Anesthetic. Inhalation Anesthetics 

4.7.1. Definition 
4.7.2. Action Mechanism 
4.7.3. Classification 
4.7.4. Pharmacological Properties  

4.8. Non-Injectable Anesthetics

4.8.1. Neuroleptoanesthesia and Euthanasia. Definition  
4.8.2. Action Mechanism 
4.8.3. Classification  
4.8.4. Pharmacological Properties  

4.9. Central Nervous System Stimulant Drugs 

4.9.1. Definition  
4.9.2. Action Mechanism  
4.9.3. Classification  
4.9.4. Pharmacological Properties  
4.9.5. Side Effects  
4.9.6. Antidepressants  

4.10. Central Nervous System Depressant Drugs.  and  

4.10.1. Definition
4.10.2. Action Mechanism 
4.10.3. Classification  
4.10.4. Pharmacological Properties
4.10.5. Side Effects  
4.10.6. Anticonvulsants 

Module 5. Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular, Renal and Respiratory System. Hemostasis

5.1. Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular System I 

5.1.1. Positive Inotropic and Inodilator Drugs 
5.1.2. Sympathomimetic Amines 
5.1.3. Glycosides

5.2. Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular System II 

5.2.1. Diuretic Drugs 

5.3. Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular System III 

5.3.1. Drugs Acting on the Renin-Angiotensin System 
5.3.2. Beta-Adrenergic Antagonist Drugs 

5.4. Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular System IV 

5.4.1. Vasodilator Drugs 
5.4.2. Calcium Channel Antagonists 

5.5. Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular System V 

5.5.1. Antiarrhythmic Drugs 

5.6. Pharmacology of the Cardiovascular System VI 

5.6.1. Antianginal Drugs 
5.6.2. Lipid-Lowering Drugs 

5.7. Blood Pharmacology I

5.7.1. Anti-Anemia Drugs 

5.7.1.1. Iron 
5.7.1.2. Folic Acid 
5.7.1.3. Vitamin B12 

5.7.2. Hematopoietic Growth Factors 

5.7.2.1. Erythropoietin 
5.7.2.2. Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factors 

5.8. Blood Pharmacology II 

5.8.1. Antithrombotic Drugs 
5.8.2. Anti-Aggregation Drugs 
5.8.3. Anticoagulants 
5.8.4. Fibrinolytic Drugs 

5.9. Pharmacology of the Respiratory System I 

5.9.1. Antitussives 
5.9.2. Expectorants 
5.9.3. Mucolytics 

5.10. Pharmacology of the Respiratory System II 

5.10.1. Bronchodilators (Methylxanthines, Sympathomimetics, Antimuscarinics) 
5.10.2. Anti-Inflammatory Drugs used in Asthma 
5.10.3. Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Used in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Corticosteroids, Mediator Release Inhibitors, Leukotriene Inhibitors) 

Module 6. Pharmacology of the Digestive System 

6.1. Pharmacology of Acid Secretion I 

6.1.1. Physiology of Secretion and Main Alterations 
6.1.2. Antisecretory Agents 
6.1.3. Proton Pump Inhibitors 
6.1.4. Histamine H2-Receptor Antagonists 

6.2. Pharmacology of Acid Secretion II. Antacids 

6.2.1. Magnesium Compounds 
6.2.2. Aluminum Compounds 
6.2.3. Calcium Carbonate 
6.2.4. Sodium Bicarbonate 

6.3. Pharmacology of Acid Secretion III. Mucous Membrane Protectors

6.3.1. Sucralfate 
6.3.2. Bismuth Salts 
6.3.3. Prostaglandin Analogs 

6.4. Pharmacology of Ruminants 

6.4.1. Biochemical Alterations of Drugs in the Rumen 
6.4.2. Effects of Drugs on Ruminal Microflora 
6.4.3. Drug Distribution in the Rumen-Reticulum 
6.4.4. Salivary Secretion of Drugs 
6.4.5. Agents Affecting Pre-stomach Functions 
6.4.6. Treatment of Meteorism, Tympanism, Ruminal Acidosis and Atonia

6.5. Pharmacology of Intestinal Motility I 

6.5.1. Physiology of Motility and Main Alterations 
6.5.2. Prokinetic Drugs 

6.6. Pharmacology of Intestinal Motility II 

6.6.1. Antidiarrheal Drugs 
6.6.2. Prebiotics, Probiotics and Flora  

6.7. Pharmacology of Intestinal Motility III. Constipation 

6.7.1. Bolus-Forming Drugs 
6.7.2. Lubricants and Emollients 
6.7.3. Osmotic Laxatives 
6.7.4. Stimulant Laxatives 
6.7.5. Enemas  

6.8. Pharmacology of Vomiting 

6.8.1. Antiemetic and Emetic Drugs  
6.8.2. D2 Dopaminergic Antagonists 
6.8.3. Antihistamines 
6.8.4. Muscarinic Antagonists 
6.8.5. Serotonergic Antagonists 

6.9. Pharmacology of the Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic System 

6.9.1. Choleretic and Cholagogue Drugs 
6.10. Pharmacology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease 

6.10.1. Corticoids 
6.10.2. Immunosuppressants 
6.10.3. Antibiotics 
6.10.4. Aminosalicylates 

Module 7. Pharmacology of the Endocrine and Reproductive System. Reproductive Disorders 

7.1. Endocrine System Pharmacology

7.1.1. Introduction 
7.1.2. Classification of Hormones of Pharmacological Interest 
7.1.3. Action Mechanisms  
7.1.4. General Information on Hormone Therapeutics 

7.2. Hormones Involved in Metabolism and Electrolyte Balance 

7.2.1. Adrenal Pharmacology: Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids 
7.2.2. Pharmacological Actions 
7.2.3. Therapeutic Uses 
7.2.4. Side Effects 

7.3. Thyroid and Parathyroid Pharmacology 

7.3.1. Thyroid Hormones 
7.3.2. Antithyroid Drugs 
7.3.3. Calcemia Regulation 

7.3.3.1. Calcitonin 
7.3.3.2. Parathormone 

7.4. Pharmacology of the Pancreas: 

7.4.1. Insulin 
7.4.2. Oral Hypoglycemic Agents 
7.4.3. Glucagon 

7.5. Hormones Involved in Reproduction 

7.5.1. Introduction  
7.5.2. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone 
7.5.3. Pituitary and Non-pituitary Gonadotropins 

7.6. Sex Hormones 

7.6.1. Androgens  
7.6.2. Estrogens 
7.6.3. Progestogens 
7.6.4. Actions in the Organism 
7.6.5. Clinical Uses 
7.6.6. Toxicity 

7.7. Luteolytic Drugs 

7.7.1. Prostaglandins 
7.7.2. Oxytocic Drugs: Oxytocin 
7.7.3. Pharmacology of Lactation 

7.8. Hormones of Diagnostic Utility in Veterinary Medicine 

7.8.1. Diagnostic Tests 

7.8.1.1. Hormones of Diagnostic Utility in Large Animals: Production Animals 
7.8.1.2. Testosterone 
7.8.1.3. Estrogens 
7.8.1.4. Progesterone 
7.8.1.5. Iodothyronines 

7.8.2. Hormones of Diagnostic Utility in Companion Animals 

7.8.2.1. Reproductive Hormones 
7.8.2.2. Metabolic Hormones 

7.9. Pharmacology of the Reproductive System: 

7.9.1. Introduction  
7.9.2. Classification of Hormones of Pharmacological Interest 
7.9.3. Action Mechanisms 
7.9.4. Therapeutics in General  

7.10. Pharmacology of Reproductive Disorders 

7.10.1. Main Reproductive Disorders 

7.10.1.1. Large Animals: Production Animals 
7.10.1.2. Companion Animals 

7.10.2. Estrous Cycle Control 
7.10.3. Melatonin 

Module 8. Antiseptics and Chemotherapeutics I 

8.1. Introduction. Definition of Antiseptic and Chemotherapeutic. Antiseptics 

8.1.1. Introduction 
8.1.2. Antiseptic and Disinfectant Concept 
8.1.3. Factors Affecting the Potency of Antiseptics and Disinfectants 
8.1.4. Characteristics of an Ideal Antiseptic and Disinfectant 
8.1.5. Classification of Disinfectants and Antiseptics 
8.1.6. Main Antiseptics and Disinfectants for Clinical Use 

8.1.6.1. Alcohol 
8.1.6.2. Biguanides 
8.1.6.3. Halogenated Products 
8.1.6.4. Peroxygens   
8.1.6.5. Other Antiseptics  

8.2. Introduction to Antimicrobial Therapy. Types of Antibiotics. Rational Use 

8.2.1. Introduction 
8.2.2. Historical Review of Antimicrobial Therapy 
8.2.3. Side Effects 
8.2.4. Principles of Antibiotherapy 
8.2.5. Resistance: Types and Mechanisms of Occurrence 
8.2.6. Waiting Times 
8.2.7. Requirements for an Antimicrobial 
8.2.8. Classification of Antimicrobials  

8.2.8.1. According to its Spectrum 
8.2.8.2. According to its Effect  
8.2.8.3. According to its Action Mechanism  
8.2.8.4. According to its Chemical Group 
8.2.8.5. Depending on the Microorganism Affected 

8.2.9. Criteria to be Followed in the Selection of a Drug 

8.3. Antimicrobials that Act Against the Bacterial Wall. Antibiotics that Inhibit Protein Synthesis 

8.3.1. Antibiotics Acting Against the Bacterial Wall 

8.3.1.1. General Aspects 
8.3.1.2. Beta-Lactamics (b-lactamics) 

8.3.1.2.1. Penicillins 
8.3.1.2.2. Cephalosporins 
8.3.1.2.3. Vancomycin and Bacitracin 

8.3.2. Antibiotics that Inhibit Protein Synthesis 

8.3.2.1. Aminoglycosides 
8.3.2.2. Tetracyclines 
8.3.2.3. Chloramphenicol and Derivatives 
8.3.2.4. Macrolides and Lincosamides 

8.3.3. β-Lactamase Inhibitors 

8.4. Antibiotics that Act on the Synthesis of Nucleic Acids. Antibiotics Acting on the Bacterial Membrane 

8.4.1. Fluroquinolones 
8.4.2. Nitrofurans 
8.4.3. Nitroimidazoes 
8.4.4. Sulfamides 
8.4.5. Polymyxins and Thyrotricins 

8.5. Antifungal 

8.5.1. General Description of the Mycotic Structure 
8.5.2. Classification of Antifungal Agents by Chemical Structure 
8.5.3. Systemic Antifungals 
8.5.4. Topical Antifungals 

8.6. Antivirals 

8.6.1. Objective of Antiviral Chemotherapy 
8.6.2. Groups of Antivirals According to their: Origin, Chemistry, Pharmacological Action, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Posology, Therapeutic Uses, Adverse Reactions, Contraindications, Interactions and Pharmaceutical Forms 

8.6.2.1. Inhibitors of RNA and DNA Synthesis 
8.6.2.2. Purine Analogs 
8.6.2.3. Pyrimidine Analogs 
8.6.2.4. Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors 
8.6.2.5. Interferons

8.7. Antiparasitics II 

8.7.1. Introduction to Antiparasitic Therapy 
8.7.2. Importance of Antiparasitic Drugs in Veterinary Medicine 
8.7.3. General Concepts: Antinematodic, Anticestodic, Antitrematodic, Antiprotozoal, Ectoparasiticide and Endectocide

8.8. Antiparasitics for Internal or Endoparasitic Use

8.8.1. Antinematodes 
8.8.2. Antistatics 
8.8.3. Antitrematodic 
8.8.4. Antiprotozoals 

8.9. Antiparasitics for External or Ectoparasitic Use

8.9.1. Introduction to External Parasites 
8.9.2. Antiparasitics II  

8.10. Antiparasitics for Internal and External Use or Endectocides 

8.10.1. Introduction  
8.10.2. Macrocyclic Lactones 
8.10.3. Main Combinations of Endectocide Use 

Module 9. Chemotherapy II: Antineoplastic Drugs 

9.1. Introduction to Antineoplastic Therapy 

9.1.1. Cancer in Veterinary Medicine: Pathophysiology and Etiology of Cancer 
9.1.2. Antineoplastic Treatment Approach: Drug Posology  
9.1.3. Administration of Chemotherapy Drugs 

9.1.3.1. Care in the Application of Chemotherapeutic Agents 
9.1.3.2. Standards and Instructions for Chemotherapy Application: Preparation During Preparation/Administration of Cytotoxic Drugs 

9.2. Palliative Antineoplastic Pharmacology. Introduction to Special Antineoplastic Pharmacology 

9.2.1. Introduction to Palliative Antineoplastic Pharmacology: Oncologic Pain Control/Assessment. Pharmacological Principles for Palliative Pain Management. Nutritional Management of the Oncology Patient 
9.2.2. Non-Steroidal Analgesics 
9.2.3. Opioids 
9.2.4. Others: NMDA Antagonists, Bisphosphonates, Tricyclic Antidepressants, Anticonvulsants, Nutraceuticals, Cannabidiol 
9.2.5. Introduction to Special Antineoplastic Pharmacology. Main Antineoplastic Drug Families 

9.3. Family I: Alkylating Agents 

9.3.1. Introduction 
9.3.2. Nitrogen Mustards: Cyclophosphamide, Chlorambucil and Melphalan 
9.3.3. Nitrosoureas: Lomustine/Procarbazine 
9.3.4. Others: Hydroxyurea 
9.3.5. Main Uses in Veterinary Medicine 

9.4. Family II: Antimetabolites 

9.4.1. Introduction 
9.4.2. Folic Acid Analogs (Antifolates): Methotrexate 
9.4.3. Purine Analogues: Azathioprine 
9.4.4. Pyrimidine Analogues: Cytosine Arabinoside, Gentabicin, 5-Fluorouracil 
9.4.5. Main Uses in Veterinary Medicine 

9.5. Family III: Antibiotics 

9.5.1. Introduction 
9.5.2. Anthracycline-Derived Antibiotics (Doxorubicin/Other Anthracyclines) and Non-Anthracycline-Derived Antibiotics (Actinomycin-d, Mitoxantrone, Bleomycin) 
9.5.3. Main Uses in Veterinary Medicine 

9.6. Family IV: Antineoplastics of Plant Origin

9.6.1. Introduction  
9.6.2. Alkaloids: History/Antitumor Activity. Vinca Alkaloids 
9.6.3. Epipododiphyllotoxin-Derived Ligands 
9.6.4. Camptothecin Alkaloid Analogs 
9.6.5. Main Uses in Veterinary Medicine 

9.7. Family V: Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors 

9.7.1. Introduction 
9.7.2. Protein Kinases: Non-Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Proteins (NRTK; Receptor Tyrosine Kinase RTK) 
9.7.3. Toceranib 
9.7.4. Masitinib 
9.7.5. Main Uses in Veterinary Medicine 

9.8. Platinum Derivatives 

9.8.1. Introduction 
9.8.2. Carboplatin 
9.8.3. Cisplatin 
9.8.4. Main Uses in Veterinary Medicine 

9.9. Miscellaneous. Monoclonal Antibodies. Nanotherapy. L-asparaginase 

9.9.1. Introduction 
9.9.2. L-asparaginase 
9.9.3. Monoclonal Antibodies 
9.9.4. Tigylanol Toglate (Stelfonta) 
9.9.5. Immunotherapy 
9.9.6. Metronomic Therapy 

9.10. Toxicity of Antineoplastic Drugs 

9.10.1. Introduction 
9.10.2. Hematological Toxicity 
9.10.3. Gastrointestinal Toxicity 
9.10.4. Cardiotoxicity  
9.10.5. Urinary Toxicity 
9.10.6. Specific Toxicities: Hepatic, Neurological, Cutaneous, Hypersensitivity, Breed/Species Associated 
9.10.7. Pharmacological Interactions 

Module 10. Natural Therapies: Homeopathy, Phytotherapy and Nutraceuticals  

10.1. Introduction 

10.1.1. Definition of Natural Therapies 
10.1.2. Classification 
10.1.3. Differences with Conventional Medicine 
10.1.4. Regulation 
10.1.5. Scientific Evidence 
10.1.6. Risk 

10.2. Homeopathy I 

10.2.1. Brief Historical Review. The Hahnemann Concept  
10.2.2. Concept of Homeopathy: Key Ideas 
10.2.3. Basic Principles 

10.3. Homeopathy II The Field of Homeopathy 

10.3.1. Constitutions 
10.3.2. Symptom Modalities 
10.3.3. Anamnesis 
10.3.4. Hering Blade 

10.4. Homeopathy III Properties 

10.4.1. Preparation 

10.4.1.1. Substances Used in Their Manufacture 
10.4.1.2. Excipients 

10.4.2. Preparation of Mother Tincture 
10.4.3. Dilutions 

10.4.3.1. Dilution Methods and Dilutions 
10.4.3.2. Dynamization or Succussion 
10.4.3.3. Classification of Dilutions 

10.4.4. Pharmaceutical Forms 
10.4.5. Routes of Administration 

10.5. Homeopathy IV Related Symptoms 

10.5.1. General Aspects 
10.5.2. Medical Subject Matter. Hahnemann’s Treatment 
10.5.3. Introduction to the Repertoire 

10.6. Approach to Pathologies from the Homeopathic Repertorization I 

10.6.1. Digestive system 
10.6.2. Respiratory System 
10.6.3. Urinary System 
10.6.4. Male and Female Genital Apparatus 

10.7. Approach to Pathologies from the Homeopathic Repertorization II

10.7.1. Mammitis 
10.7.2. Tegume ntary System 
10.7.3. Locomotor System 
10.7.4. Sensory Organs 

10.8. Phytotherapy 

10.8.1. Brief Historical Review 
10.8.2. Veterinary Phytotherapy 
10.8.3. Active Ingredients of Medicinal Plants 
10.8.4. Preparations and Forms of Administration 
10.8.5. Prescribing and Dispensing Guide 

10.9. Phytotherapy. Addressing Pathologies 

10.9.1. Digestive system 
10.9.2. Respiratory System 
10.9.3. Urinary System 
10.9.4. Male and Female Genital Apparatus 
10.9.5. Locomotor System 

10.10. Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods 

10.10.1. Brief Historical Review 
10.10.2. Definition 
10.10.3. Classification and Application

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