Knowing the components and equipment used in steam generators will help you to keep an electric boiler safe” 

In any modern society, the supply of electricity is indispensable for its functioning. Without it, hospitals would not be able to operate at their maximum capacity, industries would not be able to provide their services and, taking into account technological advances, web servers would not be able to store and transmit the information that moves the world.

In order for humanity to continue its development, it is necessary to have a number of professionals dedicated to generating and improving the electrical industry. Because of this, this program has been devised to help specialists learn the correct process of design, development and maintenance of different electrical infrastructures. Thus, we will begin by explaining the different technologies that have been implemented in recent years, such as wind, solar and hydroelectric. This will allow a better understanding of how each of them work, the support required and the economic investment needed for their operation.  

In addition, it is essential for engineers to know how to build and maintain all these constructions. For this purpose, in the module dedicated to this topic, each class will be separated according to the structure to be worked on. In this way, the student will learn, specifically, how to clean the different turbines of steam generators, the maintenance that a wind farm should receive, and even the care that the components of a nuclear power plant should receive.  

On the other hand, an excellent electrical engineer must have a deep understanding of the importance of the economic operation of infrastructures. Therefore, this Advanced master’s degree presents the essential safety factors and regulations in the generation, transmission and distribution stages of Electrical Energy. In the first section, importance will be given to the transport process, taking into account the different connection lines, high voltage, overhead and subway. The legislation governing electrical substations will also be presented. Here you will learn about their operation, classification and architecture, allowing the student to become familiar with the different control equipment that make up these buildings. They will also learn how to perform a substation analysis, which varies according to the voltage rating.  

This Advanced master’s degree will help you to know the advancements in the thermodynamic processes of energy production in this type of power plants” 

This Advanced master’s degree in Electrical Energy contains the most complete and up-to-date program on the market. The most important features include:

• The development of case studies presented by experts in Electrical Energy
• The graphic, schematic, and eminently practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Practical exercises where self-assessment can be used to improve learning
• Special emphasis on innovative methodologies in the field of Engineering  
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

The electricity sector is betting on new energy sources. Become the engineer they need to maintain new infrastructures”  

IIt includes, in its teaching staff, professionals from the engineering field, who contribute their work experience to this program, as well as renowned specialists from reference societies and prestigious universities. 

Its multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will enable the professional to contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide an immersive study programmed to train in real situations. 

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the student must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the course. For this purpose, the professional will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts. 

Apply improvements in thermodynamic energy production processes"

Know in detail the protocols and treaties on atmospheric emissions and their influence on combined cycle plants"

The Advanced master’s degree in Electrical Energy has a complete and detailed program that deals with the different systems of electrical generation, paying special attention to the development of new renewable energies and the maintenance of different infrastructures of this nature. In this way, the students will build their career with knowledge that will allow them to participate in different international projects, as well as to lead their own work team.  

To work in the electrical sector, you must learn how to diagnose faults in the equipment and make a plan for equipment failures and carry out a preventive maintenance plan” 

Module 1. Economics of Electricity Generation

1.1. Electricity Generation Technologies 

1.1.1. The Generation Activity 
1.1.2. Hydraulic Power Plants
1.1.3. Conventional Thermal Power Plants 
1.1.4. Combined Cycle 
1.1.5. Cogeneration
1.1.6. Wind 
1.1.7. Solar 
1.1.8. Biomass 
1.1.9. Tidal 
1.1.10. Geothermal 

1.2. Production Technologies 

1.2.1. Features 
1.2.2. Installed Power
1.2.3. Power Demand 

1.3. Renewable Energies

1.3.1. Characterization and Technologies 
1.3.2. Economy of Renewable Energies
1.3.3. Integration of Renewable Energies 

1.4. Financing of a Generation Project

1.4.1. Financial Alternatives 
1.4.2. Financial Instruments
1.4.3. Financing Strategies

1.5. Valuation of Investments in Electricity Generation

1.5.1. Net Present Value 
1.5.2. Internal Rate of Return 
1.5.3. Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) 
1.5.4. Investment Recovery 
1.5.5. Limitations of Traditional Techniques 

1.6. Real Options

1.6.1. Typology 
1.6.2. Principles of Option Pricing
1.6.3. Types of Real Options 

1.7. Valuation of Real Options 

1.7.1. Probability 
1.7.2. Processes
1.7.3. Volatility
1.7.4. Estimation of the Value of the Underlying Asset

1.8. Economic-Financial Feasibility Analysis 

1.8.1. Initial Investment 
1.8.2. Direct Expenses
1.8.3. Revenues

1.9. Financing With Own Resources 

1.9.1. Corporate Income Tax 
1.9.2. Cash Flows
1.9.3. Payback
1.9.4. Net Present Value 
1.9.5. Internal Rate of Return 

1.10. Partial Debt Financing 

1.10.1. Loan 
1.10.2. Corporate Income Tax 
1.10.3. Free Cash Flows 
1.10.4. Debt Service Coverage Ratio 
1.10.5. Shareholder Cash Flow 
1.10.6. Shareholder Payback
1.10.7. Net Present Value of the Shareholder 
1.10.8. Internal Rate of Return on Shareholder's Equity

Module 2. Industrial Boilers for Electrical Energy Production and Generation 

2.1. Energy and Heat 

2.1.1. Fuels 
2.1.2. Energy 
2.1.3. Thermal Power Generation Process 

2.2. Steam Power Cycles 

2.2.1. Carnot Power Cycle
2.2.2. Simple Rankine Cycle 
2.2.3. Overheating Rankine Cycle
2.2.4. Effects of Pressure and Temperature on the Rankine Cycle 
2.2.5. Ideal Cycle vs. Real Cycle 
2.2.6. Ideal Reheat Rankine Cycle 

2.3. Steam Thermodynamics 

2.3.1. Steam
2.3.2. Types of Steam
2.3.3. Thermodynamic Processes

2.4. The Steam Generator 

2.4.1. Functional Analysis 
2.4.2. Parts of a Steam Generator
2.4.3. Steam Generator Equipment 

2.5. Water-Tube Boilers for Power Generation 

2.5.1. Natural Circulation 
2.5.2. Forced Circulation 
2.5.3. Water-Steam Circuit

2.6. Steam Generator Systems I 

2.6.1. Fuel System
2.6.2. Combustion Air System 
2.6.3. Water Treatment System 

2.7. Steam Generator Systems II 

2.7.1. Water Preheating System 
2.7.2. Flue Gas System 
2.7.3. Blower Systems

2.8. Safety in Steam Generator Operation

2.8.1. Safety Standards
2.8.2. BMS for Steam Generators 
2.8.3. Functional Requirements

2.9. Control System

2.9.1. Fundamental Principles 
2.9.2. Control Mode 
2.9.3. Basic Operations 

2.10. Steam Generator Control 

2.10.1. Basic Controls 
2.10.2. Combustion Control
2.10.3. Other Variables to be Controlled 

Module 3. Conventional Thermal Power Plants

3.1. Process in Conventional Thermal Power Plants 

3.1.1. Steam Generator
3.1.2. Steam Turbine
3.1.3. Condensate System 
3.1.4. Feed Water System 

3.2. Start-Up and Shutdown

3.2.1. Start-Up Process
3.2.2. Turbine Wheel
3.2.3. Synchronization of the Unit 
3.2.4. Unit Charging Socket 
3.2.5. Stop

3.3. Electricity Generation Equipment

3.3.1. Electric Turbogenerator
3.3.2. Steam Turbine
3.3.3. Turbine Parts 
3.3.4. Turbine Auxiliary System 
3.3.5. Lubrication and Control System 

3.4. Electric Generator

3.4.1. Synchronous Generator
3.4.2. Parts of the Synchronous Generator 
3.4.3. Generator Excitation 
3.4.4. Voltage Regulator 
3.4.5. Generator Cooling 
3.4.6. Generator Protections 

3.5. Water Treatment

3.5.1. Water for Steam Generation
3.5.2. External Water Treatment
3.5.3. Internal Water Treatment 
3.5.4. Effects of Fouling 
3.5.5. Corrosion Effects 

3.6. Efficiency

3.6.1. Mass and Energy Balance 
3.6.2. Combustion
3.6.3. Steam Generator Efficiency
3.6.4. Heat Losses 

3.7. Environmental Impact

3.7.1. Environmental Protection 
3.7.2. Environmental Impact of Thermal Power Plants 
3.7.3. Sustainable Development 
3.7.4. Smoke Treatment 

3.8. Conformity Assessment

3.8.1. Requirements
3.8.2. Manufacturer Requirements
3.8.3. Boiler Requirements 
3.8.4. User Requirements
3.8.5. Operator Requirements 

3.9. Security/safety

3.9.1. Fundamental Principles 
3.9.2. Design
3.9.3. Fabrication
3.9.4. Materials 

3.10. New Trends in Conventional Power Plants 

3.10.1. Biomass
3.10.2. Waste
3.10.3. Geothermal 

Module 4. Solar Generation

4.1. Energy Capture 

4.1.1. Solar Radiation 
4.1.2. Solar Geometry
4.1.3. Solar Radiation Optical Path 
4.1.4. Solar Collectors Orientation 
4.1.5. Peak Sunshine Hours 

4.2. Isolated Photovoltaic Systems 

4.2.1. Solar Cells
4.2.2. Solar Collectors
4.2.3. Charge Regulator
4.2.4. Batteries 
4.2.5. Inverters 
4.2.6. Design of an Installation 

4.3. Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems  

4.3.1. Solar Collectors
4.3.2. Monitoring Structures
4.3.3. Inverters

4.4. Solar Photovoltaic for Self-Consumption 

4.4.1. Design Requirements 
4.4.2. Energy Demand 
4.4.3. Viability

4.5. Thermoelectric Power Plants 

4.5.1. Operation
4.5.2. Components
4.5.3. Advantages Over Non-Concentrating Systems

4.6. Medium Temperature Concentrators

4.6.1. Parabolic-Cylinder Collectors PCC.
4.6.2. Linear Fresnel 
4.6.3. Fixed Mirror FMSC.
4.6.4. Fresnel Lenses 

4.7. High Temperature Concentrators

4.7.1. Solar Tower
4.7.2. Parabolic Discs
4.7.3. Receiving Unit 

4.8. Parameters

4.8.1. Angles
4.8.2. Aperture Area
4.8.3. Concentration Factor 
4.8.4. Interception Factor 
4.8.5. Optical Efficiency 
4.8.6. Thermal Efficiency 

4.9. Energy Storage

4.9.1. Thermal Fluid
4.9.2. Thermal Storage Technologies
4.9.3. Rankine Cycle with Thermal Storage 

4.10. Design of 50 MW Thermoelectric Power Plant with PCC.

4.10.1. Solar Field 
4.10.2. Power Block 
4.10.3. Electricity Production 

 Module 5. Combined Cycles

5.1. Combined Cycle

5.1.1. Current Combined Cycle Technology
5.1.2. Thermodynamics of Combined Gas-Steam Cycles
5.1.3. Future Trends in the Development of Combined Cycles

5.2. International Agreements for Sustainable Development 

5.2.1. Kyoto Protocol
5.2.2. Montreal Protocol
5.2.3. Paris Climate 

5.3. Brayton Cycle 

5.3.1. Ideal 
5.3.2. Real 
5.3.3. Cycle Improvements

5.4. Rankine Cycle Improvements 

5.4.1. Intermediate Reheating 
5.4.2. Regeneration 
5.4.3. Use of Supercritical Pressures 

5.5. Gas Turbine 

5.5.1. Operation
5.5.2. Performance
5.5.3. Systems and Subsystems 
5.5.4. Classification

5.6. Recovery Boiler 

5.6.1. Recovery Boiler Components
5.6.2. Pressure Levels
5.6.3. Performance
5.6.4. Characteristic Parameters 

5.7. Steam Turbine 

5.7.1. Components 
5.7.2. Operation 
5.7.3. Performance 

5.8. Auxiliary Systems 

5.8.1. Cooling System 
5.8.2. Combined Cycle Performance
5.8.3. Advantages of Combined Cycles

5.9. Pressure Levels in Combined Cycles

5.9.1. One Level 
5.9.2. Two Levels
5.9.3. Three Levels 
5.9.4. Typical Configurations 

5.10. Combined Cycle Hybridization

5.10.1. Fundamentals
5.10.2. Economic Analysis
5.10.3. Emission Savings

Module 6. Cogeneration

6.1. Structural Analysis

6.1.1. Functionality 
6.1.2. Heat Requirements 
6.1.3. Process Alternatives 
6.1.4. Justification 

6.2. Types of Cycles

6.2.1. With Reciprocating Gas or Fuel Oil Engine
6.2.2. With Gas Turbine 
6.2.3. With Steam Turbine
6.2.4. In Combined Cycle with Gas Turbine 
6.2.5. In Combined Cycle with Reciprocating Engine 

6.3. Alternative Engines 

6.3.1. Thermodynamic Effects 
6.3.2. Gas Engine and Auxiliary Elements
6.3.3. Energy Recovery

6.4. Pyrotubular Boilers

6.4.1. Types of Boilers 
6.4.2. Combustion 
6.4.3. Water Treatment 

6.5. Absorption Machines 

6.5.1. Operation
6.5.2. Absorption vs. Compression 
6.5.3. Lithium Bromide/Water
6.5.4. Ammonia/Water

6.6. Trigeneration, Tetrageneration and Microcogeneration

6.6.1. Trigeneration 
6.6.2. Tetrageneration 
6.6.3. Microcogeneration

6.7. Exchangers 

6.7.1. Classification 
6.7.2. Air-Cooled Heat Exchangers 
6.7.3. Plate Heat Exchangers

6.8. Bottoming Cycle

6.8.1. Organic Rankine Cycle
6.8.2. Organic Fluids
6.8.3. Kalina Cycle 

6.9. Selection of Cogeneration Plant Type and Size 

6.9.1. Design 
6.9.2. Types of Technologies
6.9.3. Fuel Selection
6.9.4. Dimensioning 

6.10. New Trends in Cogeneration Plants

6.10.1. Services
6.10.2. Gas Turbines 
6.10.3. Alternative Engines

Module 7. Hydraulic Power Plants

7.1. Water Resources

7.1.1. Fundamentals
7.1.2. Dam Utilization
7.1.3. Bypass Utilization
7.1.4. Mixed Utilization 

7.2. Operation

7.2.1. Installed Power
7.2.2. Energy Produced 
7.2.3. Waterfall Height
7.2.4. Flow Rate 
7.2.5. Components 

7.3. Turbines

7.3.1. Pelton 
7.3.2. Francis
7.3.3. Kaplan
7.3.4. Michell-Banky 
7.3.5. Turbine Selection 

7.4. Dams

7.4.1. Fundamental Principles 
7.4.2. Typology 
7.4.3. Composition and Operation 
7.4.4. Drainage 

7.5. Pumping Power Plants

7.5.1. Operation
7.5.2. Technology
7.5.3. Advantages and Disadvantages
7.5.4. Pumped Storage Plants 

7.6. Civil Works Equipment

7.6.1. Water Retention and Storage 
7.6.2. Controlled Flow Evacuation
7.6.3. Water Conveyance Elements 
7.6.4. Water Hammer 
7.6.5. Balancing Chimney 
7.6.6. Turbine Chamber 

7.7. Electromechanical Equipment

7.7.1. Gratings and Cleaners 
7.7.2. Water Flow Opening and Closing 
7.7.3. Hydraulic Equipment 

7.8. Electrical Equipment

7.8.1. Generator 
7.8.2. Water Flow Opening and Closing 
7.8.3. Asynchronous Start-Up 
7.8.4. Starting by Auxiliary Machine 
7.8.5. Variable Frequency Starting 

7.9. Regulation and Control

7.9.1. Generation Voltage
7.9.2. Turbine Speed
7.9.3. Dynamic Response
7.9.4. Network Coupling

7.10. Minihydraulics 

7.10.1. Water Intake
7.10.2. Cleaning of Solids
7.10.3. Conduction
7.10.4. Pressure Chambers
7.10.5. Pressure Piping
7.10.6. Machinery 
7.10.7. Suction Pipe 
7.10.8. Output Channel

Module 8. Wind and Ocean Power Generation

8.1. Wind

8.1.1. Origin
8.1.2. Horizontal Gradient
8.1.3. Measurement
8.1.4. Obstacles 

8.2. Wind Resource

8.2.1. Wind Measurement
8.2.2. The Wind Rose
8.2.3. Factors Influencing Wind 

8.3. Wind Turbine Study

8.3.1. Betz Limit
8.3.2. Wind Turbine Rotor
8.3.3. Electrical Power Generated
8.3.4. Power Regulation 

8.4. Wind Turbine Components

8.4.1. Tower
8.4.2. Rotor
8.4.3. Multiplier Box
8.4.4. Brakes 

8.5. Wind Turbine Operation

8.5.1. Generation System
8.5.2. Direct and Indirect Connection
8.5.3. Control System 
8.5.4. Tendencies 

8.6. Feasibility of a Wind Farm

8.6.1. Location
8.6.2. Wind Resource Study
8.6.3. Energy Production 
8.6.4. Economic Study 

8.7. Offshore Wind: Technology Offshore 

8.7.1. Wind Turbines
8.7.2. Foundations
8.7.3. Electrical Connection
8.7.4. Installation Vessels 
8.7.5. ROVs

8.8. Offshore Wind: Support of Wind Turbines

8.8.1. Hywind Scotland platform, Statoil Spar 
8.8.2. WinfFlota Platform; Principal Power Semisub 
8.8.3. GICON SOF Platform TLP
8.8.4. Comparison 

8.9. Marine Energy

8.9.1. Tidal Energy
8.9.2. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
8.9.3. Salt or Osmotic Gradient Energy 
8.9.4. Ocean Current Energy 

8.10. Wave Energy

8.10.1. Waves as a Source of Energy
8.10.2. Classification of Conversion Technologies 
8.10.3. Current Technology 

Module 9. Nuclear Power Plants

9.1. Theoretical Basis

9.1.1. Fundamentals 
9.1.2. Binding Energy
9.1.3. Nuclear Stability

9.2. Nuclear Reaction 

9.2.1. Fission
9.2.2. Fusion 
9.2.3. Other Reactions

9.3. Nuclear Reactor Components

9.3.1. Fuels
9.3.2. Moderator
9.3.3. Biological Barrier
9.3.4. Control Rods 
9.3.5. Reflector 
9.3.6. Reactor Shell 
9.3.7. Coolant 

9.4. Most Common Reactor Types

9.4.1. Reactor Types 
9.4.2. Pressurized Water Reactor
9.4.3. Boiling Water Reactor

9.5. Other Types of Reactors

9.5.1. Heavy Water Reactors
9.5.2. Gas-Cooled Reactor
9.5.3. Channel Type Reactor
9.5.4. Fast Breeder Reactor 

9.6. Rankine Cycle in Nuclear Power Plants

9.6.1. Differences Between Thermal and Nuclear Power Plant Cycles
9.6.2. Rankine Cycle in Boiling Waterpower Plants
9.6.3. Rankine Cycle in Heavy Waterpower Plants
9.6.4. Rankine Cycle in Pressurized Waterpower Plants

9.7. Nuclear Power Plant Safety

9.7.1. Safety in Design and Construction
9.7.2. Safety Through Barriers Against the Release of Fission Products
9.7.3. Security Through Systems
9.7.4. Redundancy, Single Failure and Physical Separation Criteria 
9.7.5. Operational Safety 

9.8. Radioactive Waste, Dismantling and Closure of Facilities 

9.8.1. Radioactive Waste
9.8.2. Dismantling
9.8.3. Closure 

9.9. Future Tendencies Generation IV 

9.9.1. Gas-Cooled Fast Reactor 
9.9.2. Lead-Cooled Fast Reactor 
9.9.3. Molten Salt Fast Reactor 
9.9.4. Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactor 
9.9.5. Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor 
9.9.6. Very High Temperature Reactor 
9.9.7. Evaluation Methodologies
9.9.8. Risk of Explosion Evaluation

9.10. Small Modular Reactors SMR

9.10.1. SMR.
9.10.2. Advantages and Disadvantages
9.10.3. Types of SMR.

Module 10. Construction and Operation of Electrical Energy Production Plants

10.1. Construction 

10.1.1. EPC
10.1.2. EPCM
10.1.3. Open Book 

10.2. Exploitation of Renewables in the Electricity Market

10.2.1. Increase in Renewable Energies 
10.2.2. Market Failures
10.2.3. New Market Trends

10.3. Steam Generator Maintenance

10.3.1. Water Pipes
10.3.2. Smoke Tubes
10.3.3. Recommendations

10.4. Turbine and Engine Maintenance 

10.4.1. Gas Turbines
10.4.2. Steam Turbine
10.4.3. Alternative Engines

10.5. Wind Park Maintenance

10.5.1. Types of Breakdowns
10.5.2. Component Analysis
10.5.3. Strategies

10.6. Nuclear Power Plant Maintenance

10.6.1. Structures, Systems and Components
10.6.2. Behavioral Criteria 
10.6.3. Behavioral Assessment 

10.7. Photovoltaic Power Plants Maintenance

10.7.1. Panels
10.7.2. Inverters
10.7.3. Energy Evacuation

10.8. Hydraulic Power Plant Maintenance

10.8.1. Capture
10.8.2. Turbine
10.8.3. Generator
10.8.4. Valves
10.8.5. Cooling
10.8.6. Oleohydraulics
10.8.7. Regulation 
10.8.8. Rotor Braking and Lifting 
10.8.9. Excitement 
10.8.10. Synchronization 

10.9. Life Cycle of Energy Producing Plants

10.9.1. Life Cycle Analysis
10.9.2. LCA Methodologies
10.9.3. Limitations 

10.10. Auxiliary Elements in Production Plants

10.10.1. Evacuation Lines
10.10.2. Electrical Substations
10.10.3. Protections

Module 11. High and Very High Voltage Infrastructure and Associated Resource Management

11.1. The Electric System

11.1.1. Electricity Distribution
11.1.2. Reference Standards
11.1.3. Regulated Activities and Activities in Free Competition

11.2. Generating Electric Energy

11.2.1. Power Generation Technologies and Costs
11.2.2. Regulated Activities in the Electricity Sector
11.2.3. Supply Assurance and Infrastructure Planning

11.3. Electric Energy Distribution

11.3.1. Transportation and Operation of the Electric System
11.3.2. Distribution
11.3.3. Quality of Supply

11.4. Marketing

11.4.1. The Retail Market
11.4.2. The Wholesale Market

11.5. Access Tolls, Charges and Tariff Deficits

11.5.1. Access Tolls
11.5.2. Tariff Deficits

11.6. Planning and Management of Human Resources

11.6.1. Planning Human Resources
11.6.2. Recruitment and Selection of Human Resources
11.6.3. Human Resources Management

11.7. Environmental Management

11.7.1. Environment Aspects and Their Management
11.7.2. Control Measures

11.8. Organization and Quality Management

11.8.1. Assuring Quality
11.8.2. Supplier Analysis
11.8.3. Associated Costs

11.9. Financing Sources and Cost Analysis

11.9.1. Electricity Distribution Revenues and Expenses
11.9.2. Economic Data of the Facilities
11.9.3. Financial Plan

11.10. Bidding, Contracting and Awarding

11.10.1. Types of Bidding
11.10.2. Awarding Process
11.10.3. Formalizing the Contract

Module 12. Planning and Organizing Projects

12.1. Legislative Frame of Reference

12.1.1. Electricity Sector Legislation
12.1.2. Construction Legislation
12.1.3. Occupational Health and Safety Legislation

12.2. Environmental Regulations and Requirements

12.2.1. International, National and Local Regulations
12.2.2. Types of Environmental Evaluation
12.2.3. Environmental Impact

12.3. International High Voltage Interconnection Policy

12.3.1. International Energy Infrastructure Policy
12.3.2. Financial Instruments
12.3.3. Future Perspectives

12.4. The Electric Market

12.4.1. Daily Market Price Training
12.4.2. Electricity Forward Pricing Training

12.5. Business Opportunities in the Electricity Market

12.5.1. Benefit Analysis in the Electricity Market
12.5.2. Windfalls Profits and Windfalls Looses

12.6. Operation of the Electric System

12.6.1. Adjustment Mechanisms and Production Demand
12.6.2. Skills in the Electric Market
12.6.3. Economic Theory of Markets and Competition applied to Electricity Markets

12.7. Processing of High Voltage Files

12.7.1. Necessary Documentation
12.7.2. Procedure
12.7.3. Common Administrative Procedure, Domanial, Patrimonial, Patrimonial and Public Interest Assets
12.7.4. Expropriation Phase

12.8. Projects and Procurement Management

12.8.1. Types of Processes
12.8.2. Participants in Project Execution

12.9. Planning and Control in Construction of High Voltage Electrical Infrastructures and Electrical Substations

12.9.1. Planning and Control
12.9.2. Responsibility Centers

12.10. Specifications

12.10.1. Object of the Specifications
12.10.2. Specifications of Administrative Clauses
12.10.3. Particular Technical Specifications

Module 13. Mandatory Ancillary Services in High Voltage Electrical Infrastructures

13.1. Insulation Coordination

13.1.1. Coordination Procedure
13.1.2. Coordination Methods
13.1.3. Coordination of Isolation in Transmission Lines and Power Substations

13.2. Fire Protection System

13.2.1. Reference Legislation
13.2.2. Passive Protection
13.2.3. Active Protection

13.3. Telecommunication System

13.3.1. SCADA Systems
13.3.2. Power Line Carrier-PLC
13.3.3. Remote Management and Control

13.4. Protection and Control System

13.4.1. Faults and Disturbances
13.4.2. Protection Systems
13.4.3. Control System

13.5. Security and Emergency Systems

13.5.1. Alternating Current Services
13.5.2. Continuous Current Services
13.5.3. Boards

13.6. Occupational Hazard Prevention

13.6.1. Job Descriptions
13.6.2. Machinery
13.6.3. Temporary Facilities
13.6.4. Security Conditions

13.7. Waste Management

13.7.1. Amount of Waste Estimation
13.7.2. Reuse, Appraisal or Disposal Operations
13.7.3. Segregation Measures

13.8. Quality Control

13.8.1. Receiving Control of Products, Equipment and System
13.8.2. Work Execution Control
13.8.3. Finished Work Control

13.9. Automation of Electrical Infrastructures

13.9.1. Protocol IEC 61815
13.9.2. Levels of Control
13.9.3. Interlocks

13.10. Preparation of Quotations

13.10.1. High Voltage Lines
13.10.2. Electrical Substations

Module 14. Infrastructure Operation and Maintenance

14.1. Performance and Safety Criteria for Operation within the Power System

14.1.1. Control Parameters
14.1.2. Operating and Allowable Margins on Control Parameters
14.1.3. Reliability Criteria

14.2. Power System Operating Procedures

14.2.1. Transportation Network Maintenance Program
14.2.2. International Connections Management
14.2.3. Information Exchanged by the System Regulator

14.3. Operating Principles

14.3.1. Priority Order
14.3.2. Equipment Operation and Maneuvering
14.3.3. Switch Operations
14.3.4. Disconnectors Operation

14.4. Supervision and Control

14.4.1. Instalment Supervision
14.4.2. Events, Alarms and Signalling
14.4.3. Execution of Maneuvers and Procedures

14.5. Maintenance

14.5.1. Action Areas
14.5.2. Maintenance Organization
14.5.3. Maintenance Levels

14.6. Maintenance Management

14.6.1. Team Management
14.6.2. Human Resource Management
14.6.3. Work Management
14.6.4. Management Control

14.7. Corrective Maintenance

14.7.1. Equipment Fault Diagnosis
14.7.2. Wear Mechanisms and Protection Techniques
14.7.3. Breakdown Analysis

14.8. Predictive Maintenance

14.8.1. Establishing a System of Predictive Maintenance
14.8.2. Techniques of Predictive Maintenance

14.9. Management of Computer-Assisted Maintenance

14.9.1. Maintenance Management Systems
14.9.2. Functional and Organizational Description of a CMMS
14.9.3. Development Stages of an CMMS Implementation

14.10. Current Trends in Infrastructure Maintenance

14.10.1. RCM Reliability Centered Maintenance
14.10.2. TPM Total Productive Maintenance
14.10.3. Root Cause Analysis
14.10.4. Assigning Jobs

Module 15. Maintenance of High Voltage Transmission Lines

15.1. Qualification of Professionals and Companies

15.1.1. High Voltage Professional Credentials
15.1.2. Authorized Companies
15.1.3. Technical and Human Resources

15.2. Regulatory Inspections

15.2.1. Verification and Inspection of High Voltage Power Lines
15.2.2. Defect Classification
15.2.3. Minimal Technical Resources

15.3. Inspection Procedures

15.3.1. Cable Installations in Visitable Galleries and Overhead Lines
15.3.2. Certification for Partial Discharge Measurements
15.3.3. Tests to Be Performed in Periodic Inspections

15.4. Low Voltage Works

15.4.1. The Five Golden Rules
15.4.2. Close-Proximity Works

15.5. High Voltage Works

15.5.1. Electric Potential Work
15.5.2. Electric Remote Works
15.5.3. Electric Contact Works

15.6. Yearly Maintenance Plan

15.6.1. Corrosion Protection
15.6.2. Insulator Washing
15.6.3. Thermographic Review
15.6.4. Cutting and Pruning of Vegetation
15.6.5. Using Drones

15.7. Preventative Maintenance

15.7.1. Equipment Subject to Preventative Maintenance
15.7.2. Techniques of Predictive Maintenance
15.7.3. Maintenance of Underground Networks

15.8. Locating Breakdowns in Underground Lines

15.8.1. Cable Breakdowns
15.8.2. Processes and Methods of Locating Breakdowns
15.8.3. Using Equipment

15.9. Corrective Maintenance in High Voltage Lines

15.9.1. Overhead Lines
15.9.2. Underground Lines

15.10. Faults in High Voltage Lines

15.10.1. Defects and Anomalies After Inspection
15.10.2. Electric Network Connection
15.10.3. Environmental Conditions
15.10.4. Line Surroundings

Module 16. Electrical Substations Maintenance

16.1. Qualification of Professionals and Companies

16.1.1. Professional Credentials for Electrical Substations
16.1.2. Authorized Companies
16.1.3. Technical and Human Resources

16.2. Regulatory Inspections

16.2.1. Verification and Inspection
16.2.2. Defect Classification 

16.3. Direct Current Testing

16.3.1. Solid Insulation
16.3.2. Remaining Insulation
16.3.3. Test Execution

16.4. Alternating Current Testing

16.4.1. Solid Insulation
16.4.2. Remaining Insulation
16.4.3. Test Execution

16.5. Other Critical Tests

16.5.1. Test for the Insulation Oil
16.5.2. Power Factor Testing

16.6. Preventative Maintenance of Electrical Substations

16.6.1. Visual Inspection
16.6.2. Thermography

16.7. Disconnectors and Lightning Arresters Maintenance

16.7.1. Disconnectors
16.7.2. Lightning Arresters

16.8. Switch Maintenance

16.8.1. General Inspection
16.8.2. Preventative Maintenance
16.8.3. Predictive Maintenance

16.9. Power Transformer Maintenance

16.9.1. General Inspection
16.9.2. Preventative Maintenance
16.9.3. Predictive Maintenance

16.10. Elaborating a Maintenance Manual

16.10.1. Routine Maintenance
16.10.2. Critical Inspections
16.10.3. Corrective Maintenance

Module 17. Current Trends and Ancillary Services

17.1. New Trends

17.1.1. Maintenance Based on Reliability
17.1.2. Development of a System Based on Reliability
17.1.3. “Cusum” Control Tool

17.2. Power Transformer Condition Assessment

17.2.1. Risk Evaluation
17.2.2. Load and Temperature Tests
17.2.3. Gas Fuel Chromatography
17.2.4. Parameters to Be Controlled in Power Transformers

17.3. Encapsulated Substation Maintenance: GIS

17.3.1. Components
17.3.2. Settings
17.3.3. System Operations

17.4. Telecommunication System: Protection and Control 

17.4.1. Reliability, Availability and Redundancy
17.4.2. Media
17.4.3. System Operations

17.5. Safety and Emergencies

17.5.1. Risk Assessment
17.5.2. Self-Protection Measures and Means
17.5.3. Emergency Action Plan

17.6. Maintenance Organization

17.6.1. Elaborating Work Order
17.6.2. Elaborating Maintenance Sheets
17.6.3. Maintenance Schedule

17.7. Low Voltage Maintenance

17.7.1. Electrical Panel Operations
17.7.2. Technical-Regulatory Inspections and Revisions

17.8. Fire Protection System

17.8.1. Legislative Framework
17.8.2. Inspections and Revisions

17.9. Explosive Atmospheres

17.9.1. Regulatory Framework
17.9.2. Evaluation Methodologies
17.9.3. Risk of Explosion Evaluation

17.10. Workers Qualifications

17.10.1. Worker Training and Information
17.10.2. Identifying Jobs With Electrical Risk
17.10.3. Worker Consultation and Participation

Module 18. Adjustments and Coordination of Protections in National High Voltage Networks

18.1. Protection Coordination

18.1.1. Impedances
18.1.2. Intensities
18.1.3. Protections

18.2. Protection Functions

18.2.1. Distance Function
18.2.2. Overcurrent Function
18.3.3. Demands on the Protection System

18.3. Generalities

18.3.1. Circuits
18.3.2. Transformers

18.4. Protections for Meshed Network Circuits

18.4.1. Generalities
18.4.2. Fouls Between Phases
18.4.3. Ground Faults
18.4.4. Resistive Faults

18.5. Radial Distribution Circuit Protections

18.5.1. Generalities
18.5.2. Fouls Between Phases
18.5.3. Ground Faults

18.6. Coupling Protections for Meshed Networks

18.6.1. Generalities
18.6.2. Fouls Between Phases
18.6.3. Ground Faults

18.7. Coupling Protections for Non-Meshed Networks

18.7.1. Generalities
18.7.2. Fouls Between Phases
18.7.3. Ground Faults

18.8. Transformer Protections for Meshed Networks

18.8.1. Generalities
18.8.2. Phase to Phase Faults, HV Winding
18.8.3. Phase to Earth, HV Winding
18.8.4. Phase to Earth, Tertiary Winding

18.9. Transformer Protections for Non-Meshed Networks

18.9.1. Generalities
18.9.2. Primary Winding, Interphase Faults
18.9.3. Primary Winding, Ground Faults

18.10. Considerations to Consider

18.10.1. Calculation Procedure: "Infeed" Factor
18.10.2. Homopolar Compensation Factor
18.10.3. High Voltage Circuit Breaker Opening Procedure

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