Bringing healthcare to the most deprived countries is essential for the survival of their inhabitants. If you want to develop in this field and treat people without resources, in this Professional master’s degree we offer you all the keys to specialize in international cooperation"

Developed countries must invest in international cooperation to improve the living conditions of people who do not have sufficient resources with which to support themselves. International Cooperation helps to improve the living conditions of the most disadvantaged people in different areas: social, economic and health, taking into account a sustainable and egalitarian point of view. One of the fundamental needs of any society is healthcare, which is why this area must be provided with the most resources in order to improve citizens’ health and quality of life. . 

For this reason, TECH offers this Professional master’s degree for doctors who wish to specialize in the humanitarian field and International Cooperation, with the aim of allowing them to work in regions with great needs. That’s why this program is created by professionals in the world of education and International Development Cooperation. Each module is written from the experience and reality encountered in different regions of the world. By studying this program, the student will acquire the skills required to work and apply the knowledge acquired in all types of roles within national and international, public and private organizations. 

In addition, as it is a 100% online program, the physician will be able to combine the study of this very complete program with the rest of their daily obligations, choosing at all times where and when to study. A high-level qualification that will take the medical professional to the highest level in their field of practice. 

International Cooperation helps to improve the living conditions of people living in developing countries, which is why it is a fundamental task in both social and health matters"

This Professional master’s degree in International Development Cooperation contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features of the program include: 

• Practical cases presented by experts in International Development Cooperation
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Latest developments in International Development Cooperation
• Practical exercises where the self-assessment process can be carried out to improve learning
• Emphasis on innovative methodologies in International Development Cooperation
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

This Professional master’s degree is the best investment you can make when selecting a refresher program, for two reasons: in addition to updating your knowledge in International Development Cooperation, you will obtain a qualification from TECH Global University" 

The program’s teaching staff includes professionals from the sector who contribute their work experience to this program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities. 

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide an immersive program to learn in real situations. 

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. This will be done with the help of an innovative system of interactive videos made by renowned experts. 

Increase your decision-making confidence by updating your knowledge through this Professional master’s degree"

Take the opportunity to learn about the latest advances in this field and apply it to your daily practice"

The syllabus of this program has been designed based on the requirements of medicine applied to International Development Cooperation, following the guidelines proposed by the teaching team of this Professional master’s degree. Therefore, a syllabus has been established whose modules offer a broad perspective of the profession from a global point of view, for the sake of its application at an international level, incorporating all the fields of work involved in the development of its functions. From module 1, students will see their knowledge expanded, which will enable them to develop professionally, knowing that they can count on the support of a team of experts.

A comprehensive teaching program, structured in well-developed teaching units, oriented towards efficient and swift learning that is compatible with your personal and professional life"

Module 1. The Development of Populations: Introduction and Challenges 

1.1. Development 

1.1.1. Introduction 
1.1.2. What Is Meant by Development? 
1.1.3. Sociological Theories for Development 

1.1.3.1. Development through Modernization 
1.1.3.2. Development through Dependency 
1.1.3.3. Neoinstitutional Development Theory 
1.1.3.4. Development through Democracy 
1.1.3.5. Theory of Development through Cultural Identity 

1.1.4. Players Involved in Development 

1.1.4.1. Depending on How It Is Channeled, the Aid can be Provided 
1.1.4.2. According to their Shape 

1.1.5. Poor or Impoverished Countries 

1.1.5.1. What Is Meant by Impoverished? 

1.1.6. Economic, Social and Sustainable Development 
1.1.7. UNDP 
1.1.8. Bibliography 

1.2. Power, Dynamics and Actors in International Society

1.2.1. Introduction 
1.2.2. Power Elements 
1.2.3. The International Society 
1.2.4. International Society Models 

1.2.4.1. Static 
1.2.4.2. Dynamic 
1.2.4.3. Global 

1.2.5. Characteristics of the International Society 

1.2.5.1. It Is a Global Benchmark Company 
1.2.5.2. It Is Distinct from the Interstate Society 
1.2.5.3. International Society Requires a Relational Dimension 
1.2.5.4. International Society Enjoys a Common Order 

1.2.6. Social Structure of the Society 
1.2.7.  Structure of the International Society 

1.2.7.1. Spatial Extension 
1.2.7.2. Structural Diversity 
1.2.7.3. The Cultural Dimension of International Society 

1.2.8. Polarization of the International Society 

1.2.8.1. Concept 

1.2.9. Degree of Institutionalization of the International Society 
1.2.10. Bibliography

1.3. Free Trade 

1.3.1. Introduction 
1.3.2. Unequal Interdependence between Countries 
1.3.3. Transnational Companies 

1.3.3.1. What Are They? 

1.3.4. Current Trade Situation 

1.3.4.1. Transnationals and Free Trade 

1.3.5. The WTO 

1.3.5.1. Concept 
1.3.5.2. Brief History 
1.3.5.3. The WTO's Activities are Built Around Three Pillars 

1.3.6. Rounds, Conferences and Lobbying 
1.3.7. Fair Trade Relations 
1.3.8. CONGDE (Spanish Coordinator for NGO Development Activities) 

1.3.8.1. CONGDE Proposals 

1.3.9. Corporate Social Responsibility 

1.3.10. A Global Pact 
1.3.11. Fair Trade 

1.3.11.1. International Definition 

1.3.12. Bibliography

1.4. Sustainable Development and Education 

1.4.1. Introduction 
1.4.2. Education on Sustainable Development and Education for Sustainable Development 

1.4.2.1. Main Differences 

1.4.3. Sustainability 

1.4.3.1. Concept 

1.4.4. Sustainable Development 

1.4.4.1. Concept 

1.4.5. Components of Sustainable Development 
1.4.6. Principles of Sustainable Development 
1.4.7. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) 

1.4.7.1. Definition 

1.4.8. History of Education for Sustainable Development 

1.4.8.1. Concept 

1.4.9. Refocus Education
1.4.10. Guidelines for Sustainable Development 
1.4.11. Bibliography

1.5. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 

1.5.1.  Introduction 
1.5.2.  Millennium Development Goals 

1.5.2.1. Medical History 

1.5.3. Millennium Campaign 
1.5.4. MDG Results 
1.5.5. Sustainable Development Goals 

1.5.5.1. Definition 
1.5.5.2. Who Is Involved? 

1.5.6. What Are the SDGs? 

1.5.6.1. Features 

1.5.7. Differences between the MDGs and the SDGs 
1.5.8. Sustainable Development Agenda 

1.5.8.1. The 2030 Agenda 
1.5.8.2. Are the SDGs Legally Binding? 

1.5.9. Monitoring the Achievement of the SDGs 
1.5.10. Bibliography

1.6. Theories about Sustainable Development 

1.6.1. Introduction 
1.6.2. Development Participants 
1.6.3. Issues in Education for Sustainable Development 

1.6.3.1. Skills 

1.6.4. The UN and Its Development Work 
 

1.6.4.1. The History of the UN 
1.6.4.2. The UN and Sustainability 

1.6.5. Agenda 21: UN Agenda 21 

1.6.5.1. Objectives of Agenda 21 

1.6.6. UNDP 

1.6.6.1. History of UNDP 
1.6.6.2. UNDP Goals 

1.6.7. Other Theories to Support Sustainable Development 

1.6.7.1. Degrowth 

1.6.8. Alternative Theories to Sustainable Development 

1.6.8.1. Ecodevelopment 

1.6.9. Bibliography

1.7. Civil Society, Social Movements and Transformation Processes 

1.7.1. Introduction 
1.7.2. Concept of Social Movement 
1.7.3. Goals of Social Movements 
1.7.4. Structure of Social Movements 
1.7.5. Definitions of Leading Authors 
1.7.6. Collective Challenge 
1.7.7. The Search for a Common Goal 
1.7.8. Evolution of Social Movements 
1.7.9. Participation and Consolidation of Democracy 
1.7.10. Most Important Social Movements in Recent Years in Europe 
1.7.11. Bibliography

1.8. Participatory Community Development 

1.8.1. Introduction 
1.8.2. Community 

1.8.2.1. On Whom Does the Success of a Community Depend? 

1.8.3.  Concept of Participatory 
1.8.4. Community Development Concept 
1.8.5. Defining Features of Community Development 
1.8.6. Processes to Achieve Community Development 

1.8.6.1. Participatory Diagnosis 
1.8.6.2. Development Plan 
1.8.6.3. Participatory Planning 
1.8.6.4. Community Development Plan 

1.8.7. Twelve Lessons in Participatory Community Development 
1.8.8. Key Stakeholders 
1.8.9. Bibliography

1.9. Human Development Index 

1.9.1. Introduction 
1.9.2. Human Development Index 

1.9.2.1. IDH Principles 
1.9.2.2. HDI Goals 
1.9.2.3. Limitations of an HDI 
1.9.2.4. Types of Indicators 

1.9.3. Human Development Features 
1.9.4. Methodology for Calculating the HDI 
1.9.5. Others Human Development Indexes 

1.9.5.1. Inequality-Adjusted Human Development Index 
1.9.5.2. Gender Inequality Index 
1.9.5.3. Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 

1.9.6. UNDP - United Nations Development Program 
1.9.7. Conclusions 
1.9.8. Bibliography

1.10. Local Associations for Development 

1.10.1. Introduction 
1.10.2. What Is a NGDO? 
1.10.3. State Development Movements 
1.10.4. Zero Poverty 

1.10.4.1. Objectives 
1.10.4.2. Action Strategy 
1.10.4.3. Member Organizations 

1.10.5. NGDO Coordinator Spain 

1.10.5.1. Objective 
1.10.5.2. Strategic Plan 
1.10.5.3. Strategic Lines of Action 

1.10.6. Automatic Coordinators 
1.10.7. Social Action Groups 
1.10.8. Bibliography

Module 2. International Development Cooperation 

2.1.  International Development Cooperation

2.1.1. Introduction
2.1.2. What Is the International Development Cooperation?

 2.1.2.1. Definition and Concept

2.1.3. What Is International Development Cooperation for?

 2.1.3.1. Goals/Purpose

2.1.4. Goals of the Spanish International Development Cooperation
2.1.5. Evolution of the Spanish International Development Cooperation
2.1.6. International Cooperation Systems

2.1.6.1. Origin and Historical Evolution

2.1.7. Europe's Reconstruction Plans in the Bipolar Conflict
2.1.8. The Processes of Decolonization in the Postwar Years

2.1.8.1. Sources

2.1.9. Crisis of the International Development Cooperation

 2.1.9.1. Factors

2.1.10. Changes in the Conception of International Development Cooperation

2.2. Modalities and Instruments of International Development Cooperation

2.2.1. Introduction
2.2.2. Main Tools of International Development Cooperation

2.2.2.1. Development co-operation
2.2.2.2. Education for Development
2.2.2.3. Technical Assistance, Training and Research
2.2.2.4. Humanitarian Action

2.2.3. Other Cooperation Tools

2.2.3.1. Economic Cooperation 
2.2.3.2. Financial Help
2.2.3.3. Scientific and Technological Cooperation
2.2.3.4. Food Aid

2.2.4. Modalities of the International Development Cooperation

2.2.4.1. According to the Stakeholders Channelling the Funds

2.2.5. Types of Modalities

2.2.5.1. Modality According to the Origin of the Funds

2.2.6.  Types of Aid According to the Stakeholders Channelling International Development Cooperation Funds

 2.2.6.1. Bilateral
 2.2.6.2. Multilateral
 2.2.6.3. Decentralized Cooperation
 2.2.6.4. Non-Governmental Cooperation
 2.2.6.5. Business Cooperation

2.2.7. According to the Geopolitical Situation and Level of Development of Donor and Recipient Countries 
2.2.8. Depending on the Existence or Non-Existence of Limitations on the Application of Funds 
2.2.9. Other Cooperation Tools Co-Development 

2.2.9.1. Co-Development Interventions 

2.2.10. Bibliography 

2.3. Multilateral Organizations 

2.3.1. The International Development Cooperation System 
2.3.2. International Development Cooperation Stakeholders 
2.3.3. Stakeholders in the Official Development Assistance System 
2.3.4. Definitions of Relevant International Organizations (IOs) 
2.3.5. Characteristics of International Organizations 

2.3.5.1. Types of International Organisations 

2.3.6. Advantages of Multilateral Cooperation 
2.3.7. Contributions of International Organizations to the Multilateral System 
2.3.8. Multilateral Financial Institutions (MFIs) 

2.3.8.1. Characteristics of MFIs 
2.3.8.2. Composition of MFIs 
2.3.8.3. Types of MFIs 

2.3.9. Bibliography

2.4.  Sources of International Development Cooperation 

2.4.1.  Introduction 
2.4.2.  Difference between Governmental and Non-Governmental Cooperation 
2.4.3.  Multilateral Financial Institutions 
2.4.4.  The International Monetary Fund 
2.4.5.  United States Agency for International Development USAID 

 2.4.5.1. Who Are They? 
 2.4.5.2. The History of USAID 
 2.4.5.3. Intervention Sectors 

2.4.6.  The European Union 

 2.4.6.1. Objectives of the EU 
 2.4.6.2. General Objectives of EU External Action 

2.4.7.  Non-Financial Multilateral Institutions 

 2.4.7.1. List of Non-Financial Multilateral Institutions 
 2.4.7.2. Actions of Multilateral Institutions 
 2.4.7.3. Non-Financial 

2.4.8.  United Nations Organization 
2.4.9.  Bibliography 

2.5.  Spanish Cooperation Master Plan 2018-2021 

2.5.1.  Introduction 
2.5.2.  Action and Management Challenges for Spanish Cooperation 
2.5.3.  What Is a Master Plan? 

 2.5.3.1. Spanish Cooperation Master Plan 
 2.5.3.2. Areas Composing the Fifth Spanish Cooperation Master Plan 

2.5.4.  Goals of the Master Plan 

 2.5.4.1. Goals of the Fifth Master Plan of the Spanish Cooperation 

2.5.5.  Geographic Priorities for Action under the Master Plan of the Spanish Cooperation 
2.5.6.  The 2030 Agenda 

 2.5.6.1. What Is Agenda 2030? 
 2.5.6.2. Development of Agenda 2030 
 2.5.6.3. General Specifications 
 2.5.6.4. Implementation of Agenda 2030 

2.5.7.  Bibliography

2.6.  Humanitarian Action 

2.6.1.  Introduction 
2.6.2.  Humanitarian Aid in the International Context 
2.6.3.  Tendencies in Humanitarian Action 
2.6.4.  Main Goals of Humanitarian Action 
2.6.5.  First Strategy for Humanitarian Action in Spanish Cooperation 
2.6.6.  Spanish Agency of International Cooperation for Development and Humanitarian Action 
2.6.7.  The Financing of Humanitarian Action and Its Evolution 
2.6.8.  Principles of International Human Rights Law and Humanitarian Action 
2.6.9.  Summary 
2.6.10.  Bibliography

2.7.  Gender Approach in International Development Cooperation 

2.7.1.  Introduction 
2.7.2.  What Is the Gender Approach? 
2.7.3.  Why Is It Important to Incorporate the Gender Approach in Development Processes? 
2.7.4.  Gender Approaches in International Development Cooperation 
2.7.5.  Strategic Lines of Work on the Gender Approach in International Development Cooperation 
2.7.6.  Objectives of the Fifth Master Plan for Spanish Cooperation Regarding the Promotion of Men's and Women's Rights and Opportunities 
2.7.7.  Priority Equality Goals in the Spanish Development Cooperation 
2.7.8.  Sectoral Gender Strategy in Spanish Development Cooperation 
2.7.9.  Gender Mainstreaming Guide 
2.7.10.  Bibliography

2.8.  Focus on Human Rights In International Development Cooperation 

2.8.1.  Introduction 
2.8.2.  Human rights 
2.8.3.  Human Rights Approach to Development Cooperation 
2.8.4.  How the Human Rights Approach Emerged 
2.8.5.  Elements Provided by the Human Rights Approach to International Development Cooperation 

 2.8.5.1. New Frame of Reference: International Human Rights Standards 
 2.8.5.2. New Look at Capacity Building 
 2.8.5.3. Participation in Public Policy 
 2.8.5.4. Accountability 

2.8.6.  Challenges of the Human Rights Approach in Development Cooperation Interventions 
2.8.7.  Challenges in Project Identification and Formulation 
2.8.8.  Challenges in Project Execution 
2.8.9.  Challenges in Project Monitoring and Assessment 
2.8.10.  Bibliography

2.9.  Human Mobility and Migration 

2.9.1.  Introduction 
2.9.2.  Migration 

 2.9.2.1. First Human Movements 
 2.9.2.2. Types of Migrations 
 2.9.2.3. Causes of Migrations 

2.9.3. Migratory Processes in the Era of Globalization 

 2.9.3.1. Improved Living Conditions 
 2.9.3.2. Vulnerability and Migration 

2.9.4. Human Safety and Conflict 
2.9.5. Challenges of the International Asylum System 
2.9.6. The OHCHR 
2.9.7. Human Rights Based Migration Strategy 
2.9.8. Bibliography

Module 3. Design, Monitoring and Assessment of International Development Cooperation Projects

3.1.  Fundamental Knowledge for the Design of International Development Cooperation Projects 

3.1.1. Introduction 
3.1.2. Meaning of the Project 
3.1.3. Types of Projects 
3.1.4. The Project Cycle 
3.1.5. Steps to Elaborate a Project 
3.1.6. Identification 
3.1.7. Design 
3.1.8. Execution and Follow-Up 
3.1.9. Assessment 
3.1.10. Bibliography 

3.2.  The Logical Framework Approach 

3.2.1.  Introduction 
3.2.2.  What Is the Logical Framework Approach? 
3.2.3.  Approaches to the Method 
3.2.4.  Definitions of the Method 
3.2.5.  Steps of the Method 
3.2.6.  Conclusion 
3.2.7.  Bibliography

3.3.  Project Identification According to LFA (I) 

3.3.1.  Introduction 
3.3.2.  Participation Analysis 
3.3.3.  Criteria for the Selection of Project Beneficiaries 
3.3.4.  Outline of the Results of the Participation Analysis 
3.3.5.  Difficulties in Participation Analysis 
3.3.6.  Golden Rule of Participation Analysis 
3.3.7.  Case Study 

 3.3.7.1. Diseases in the Montecito Community 
 3.3.7.2. Participation Analysis 

3.3.8.  Bibliography

3.4.  Project Identification According to LFA (II) 

3.4.1.  Introduction 
3.4.2.  Analysis of the Problems 
3.4.3.  How the Problem Tree Arises 
3.4.4.  Steps to Elaborate a Problem Tree 
3.4.5.  Problems in the Elaboration of a Problem Tree 
3.4.6.  Conclusion 

 3.4.6.1. Analysis of Objectives 
 3.4.6.2. Problem Tree 

3.4.7.  Bibliography

3.5.  Project Identification According to LFA (III) 

3.5.1.  Analysis of Alternatives 
3.5.2.  How to Conduct the Analysis of Alternatives 
3.5.3.  Criteria for Evaluating Alternatives 
3.5.4.  Sequence for Conducting the Analysis of Alternatives 
3.5.5.  Conclusion 
3.5.6.  Bibliography

3.6.  The Logical Framework Approach to Project Design 

3.6.1.  Introduction 
3.6.2.  Planning Matrix 

 3.6.2.1. Vertical Logic 
 3.6.2.2. Horizontal Logic 

3.6.3.  Origin of the Planning Matrix 
3.6.4.  Composition of the Planning Matrix 
3.6.5.  Contents of the Planning Matrix 
3.6.6.  Bibliography 

3.7.  Indicators and Assessment of International Cooperation Projects for the Development of Peoples

3.7.1.  Introduction 
3.7.2.  What Is Viability? 
3.7.3.  Viability Factors 
3.7.4.  Assessment 
3.7.5.  Types of Assessments 
3.7.6.  Assessment Criteria 
3.7.7.  Design of Assessment 
3.7.8.  Assessment Indicators 
3.7.9.  Data Collection and Analysis Tools 
3.7.10.  Collection of information 
3.7.11.  Bibliography

3.8.  The Logical Framework Approach to Project Design(II): Case Study 

3.8.1.  Introduction 
3.8.2.  Case Study Presentation 

 3.8.2.1. Diseases in the Montecito Community 

3.8.3.  Annexes 
3.8.4.  Bibliography

Module 4. Education for Human and Sustainable Development

4.1.  Education for Human and Sustainable Development

4.1.1.  Introduction
4.1.2.  Economic, Social and Sustainable Growth
4.1.3.  Sustainable Development , Sustainability and Education
4.1.4.  Education on Sustainable Development and Education for Sustainable Development

 4.1.4.1. Main Differences
 4.1.4.2. Sustainability
 4.1.4.3. Sustainable Development

4.1.5.  Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)
4.1.6.  Bibliography

4.2.  Development Education and Its Evolution

4.2.1.  Introduction
4.2.2.  Development Education Goals

 4.2.2.1. Purpose of Development Education Activities
 4.2.2.2. Purpose of Development Education

4.2.3.  Dimensions of Development Education
4.2.4.  The History of Development Education
4.2.5.  Redirect Education
4.2.6.  Guidelines for Sustainable Development
4.2.7.  Exercises to Introduce the Concept of Sustainable Development

 4.2.7.1. Take Everything Today or Everyone Takes All the Time
 4.2.7.2. Take Everything Today or Everyone Takes All the Time(II)
 4.2.7.3. Observations on the Game:Take Everything Today or Everyone Takes All the Time(II)

4.2.8.  Bibliography

4.3.  Development Education Intervention Strategies

4.3.1.  Formal, Non-Formal and Informal Education
4.3.2.  Redirect Education
4.3.3.  Components of Education for Sustainable Development
4.3.4.  Guidelines for Sustainable Development
4.3.5.  Problems
4.3.6.  Framework for Teaching or Discussing Environmental Issues
4.3.7.  Skills
4.3.8.  Perspectives
4.3.9.  Bibliography

4.4.  Challenges of Development Education in Spain and in the World

4.4.1.  Introduction
4.4.2.  Components of ESD (Education for Sustainable Development)

 4.4.2.1. Values

4.4.3.  Challenges and Barriers for ESD

 4.4.3.1. Challenges Faced by ESD

4.4.4.  Bibliography

4.5. Education, Participation and Social Transformation

4.5.1.  Introduction

 4.5.1.1. The Administration During Change

4.5.2.  Process to Generate Change

 4.5.2.1. Make the Decision to Act
 4.5.2.2. Support Your Decision with a Reason
 4.5.2.3. Prepare a Communication Strategy to Share Your Vision with Stakeholders and the Community
 4.5.2.4. Prepare Final and Intermediate Goals
 4.5.2.5. Establish Programmatic Assessment Methods and Responsibilities
 4.5.2.6. Review and Revise Final and Interim Goals
 4.5.2.7. Rewards and Celebrations

4.5.3.  Exercises to Create Community Sustainability Goals through Public Participation

 4.5.3.1. Know Your Neighbours
 4.5.3.2. Generate Consensus
 4.5.3.3. Your Community through a Sustainability Lens
 

4.5.4. Bibliography

4.6.  Stakeholders of Development Education

4.6.1. Introduction
4.6.2. Stakeholders: General State Administration
4.6.3. Stakeholders: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation: Secretary of State for International Cooperation and Ibero-America and the Caribbean (SSICIAC)
4.6.4. Stakeholders: Ministry of Education and Science
4.6.5. Other Ministries:
4.6.6. Cooperation Council
4.6.7. NGDO
4.6.8. Stakeholders: Coordination of Non-Governmental Development Organizations of Spain (CONGDE)
4.6.9. Stakeholders: European Space
4.6.10.  Other Stakeholders

 4.6.10.1. Media
 4.6.10.2. Networks, Associations and Social Movements

4.6.11. Stakeholders: Universities
4.6.12. Bibliography

4.7. Education for Development in the Formal, Non-Formal and Informal Spheres

4.7.1. Redirecting Existing Education

 4.7.1.1. Points to Consider
 4.7.1.2. Education as a Great Hope for a Sustainable Future

4.7.2. The Story of Professor Mafalda

 4.7.2.1. Context
 4.7.2.2. Structure
 4.7.2.3. Attributes of Global Citizenship
 4.7.2.4. Practical Recommendations According to Some Determining Factors

4.7.3. Bibliography

4.8.  Comparative Development Education Strategy of the Cooperation

4.8.1. Introduction
4.8.2. Concept of Non-Formal Education
4.8.3. EPD Activities in Non-Formal Education
4.8.4. Informal Education
4.8.5. Areas in Informal Education

 4.8.5.1. Media
 4.8.5.2. Advocacy Awareness Campaigns
 4.8.5.3. Studies, Research and Publications
 4.8.5.4. Internet and Social Networks

4.8.6. Recommendations
4.8.7. Bibliography

4.9. Development Education Action Areas According to the Cooperation Master Plan

4.9.1. Introduction
4.9.2. Education Strategy for the Development of the Fifth Master Plan of the Spanish Cooperation
4.9.3. Objectives of the Master Plan for Development Education
4.9.4. Sectoral Strategies of the Master Plan for Development Education

 4.9.4.1. PAS
 4.9.4.2. Strategies

4.9.5. AECID's Strategic Lines for Development Education
4.9.6. Generation of Global Citizenship on Social Networks
4.9.7. Bibliography

4.10. Development Education Projects Worldwide

4.10.1. Introduction
4.10.2. Social Economy "Zafra Local" of the NGDO , Páramo Movement, Cooperation and Development

 4.10.2.1. What Is This Project Based On?
 4.10.2.2. Project Objectives
 4.10.2.3. Local Currency as the Backbone of the Project
 4.10.2.4. Examples in Spain
 4.10.2.5. Examples in Europe
 4.10.2.6. Two Formats
 4.10.2.7. Currency to Support Local Commerce
 4.10.2.8. Currency to Favor Local Commerce
 4.10.2.9. Solidarity Currency
 4.10.2.10. Fair Currency
 4.10.2.11. Participatory Process

4.10.3.  Bibliography

Module 5. Humanitarian Action and International Development Cooperation

5.1.  Humanitarian Action 

5.1.1.  Introduction 
5.1.2.  What Is Humanitarian Action 

 5.1.2.1. Concepts/Definition 

5.1.3.  Definition of Humanitarian 
5.1.4.  What Humanitarian Aid Is for 
5.1.5. Goals of Humanitarian Action 
5.1.6.  Beneficiaries of Humanitarian Action 
5.1.7.  The Concept of Aid 
5.1.8.  Emergency Aid 

 5.1.8.1. Lines of Action for Emergency Aid 

5.1.9.  Humanitarian Aid 

 5.1.9.1. Differences between Humanitarian Aid and Humanitarian Action 

5.1.10.  Conclusions 
5.1.11.  Bibliography 

5.2. Humanitarian Action and International Development Cooperation 

5.2.1. Introduction 
5.2.2. History of Humanitarian Action 

 5.2.2.1. Modern Humanitarianism 
 5.2.2.2. Evolution 

5.2.3.  Ethical and Operational Principles of Humanitarian Action 
5.2.4.  Humanitarian Principles 

 5.2.4.1. Dilemmas that Contribute 

5.2.5.  Humanity 

 5.2.5.1. Definitions and Dilemmas 

5.2.6.  Impartiality 

 5.2.6.1. Definitions and Dilemmas 

5.2.7.  Neutrality 

 5.2.7.1. Definitions and Dilemmas 

5.2.8.  Independence 

 5.2.8.1. Definitions and Dilemmas 

5.2.9.  Universality 

 5.2.9.1. Definitions and Dilemmas 

5.2.10.  Conclusions 
5.2.11.  Bibliography 

5.3.  Contents and Specific Objectives of Humanitarian Action (I) 

5.3.1.  Introduction 
5.3.2.  Humanitarian Action and Development Cooperation 

 5.3.2.1. Classical Humanitarianism and New Humanitarianism 
 5.3.2.2. Linking Emergency and Development 

5.3.3.  LRRD Approach 

 5.3.3.1. Concept of Continuum and Contiguum 

5.3.4.  Humanitarian Action and LRRD 
5.3.5.  Preparedness, Mitigation and Prevention 
5.3.6.  Reducing Vulnerabilities and Strengthening Capacities 
5.3.7.  Bibliography 

5.4.  Contents and Specific Objectives of Humanitarian Action (II) 

5.4.1.  Victim Protection 

 5.4.1.1. The Right to Asylum and Refuge 
 5.4.1.2. Humanitarian Interference 

5.4.2.  International Supervision/Monitoring of Compliance 
5.4.3.  Witnessing and Reporting Human Rights Violations 
5.4.4.  Lobbying of NGOs 

 5.4.4.1. International Accompaniment and Presence 

5.4.5.  High-Level Political Action 
5.4.6.  Code of Conduct 
5.4.7.  ESFERA Project 

 5.4.7.1. The Humanitarian Charter 
 5.4.7.2. Minimum Standards 
 5.4.7.3. The Essential Humanitarian Standard 
 5.4.7.4. Assessment of Humanitarian Action 
 5.4.7.5. Why Assess Humanitarian Action? 

5.4.8.  Bibliography 

5.5.  Stakeholders in Humanitarian Action 

5.5.1. Introduction 
5.5.2. What Are the Stakeholders in Humanitarian Action? 
5.5.3. The Affected Population 
5.5.4. The Affected Governments 
5.5.5. NGOs 
5.5.6. The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement 
5.5.7. Donor Governments 
5.5.8. UN Humanitarian Agencies 
5.5.9. The European Union 
5.5.10. Other Stakeholders: 

 5.5.10.1. Private Sector Entities 
 5.5.10.2. Media 
 5.5.10.3. Military Forces 

5.5.11. Bibliography 

5.6.  Main Challenges for Stakeholders and Humanitarian Action 

5.6.1.  Introduction 
5.6.2.  The World Humanitarian Summit 

 5.6.2.1. The Agenda for Humanity 

5.6.3.  The Main Reasons to Look to the Future 
5.6.4.  Increase the Weight and Capacity of Local Stakeholders 

 5.6.4.1. Charter for Change 

5.6.5. Organizational Challenges for NGOs at the International Level 
5.6.6. The Need for the United Nations to Consider Humanitarian Issues as a Global Issue 
5.6.7. Bibliography 

5.7.  OCHA The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 

5.7.1.  Objectives 
5.7.2.  United Nations 
5.7.3.  The UN and Humanitarian Action 
5.7.4.  The Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs OCHA 

 5.7.4.1. The Origin of the OCHA 
 5.7.4.2. The Evolution of OCHA 
 5.7.4.3. The 2005 Humanitarian Reform 
 5.7.4.4. The Cluster Approach 
 5.7.4.5. OCHA's Coordination Tools 
 5.7.4.6. The Mission of OCHA 
 5.7.4.7. OCHA  Strategic Plan 2018-2021 

5.7.5.  Bibliography 

5.8.  The Office for Humanitarian Action OHA 

5.8.1.  Objectives 
5.8.2.  Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID) 
5.8.3.  Spanish Humanitarian Action 
5.8.4.  AECID and the Office for Humanitarian Action (OHA) 
5.8.5.  The Office for Humanitarian Action (OHA) 

 5.8.5.1. The Objectives and Functions of OHA 
 5.8.5.2. OHA Financing 

5.8.6.  Bibliography 

5.9.  Comparative of Humanitarian Action Strategies for Development 

5.9.1.  Objectives 
5.9.2.  Introduction 
5.9.3.  Spain's Participation in the World Humanitarian Summit 

 5.9.3.1. Summit Trends for AECID's Office of Humanitarian Action 

5.9.4.  The Fifth Master Plan for Spanish Cooperation 2018-2021 
5.9.5.  The START (Spanish Technical Aid Response Team) Project 

 5.9.5.1. Objectives and Purpose of the START Project 
 5.9.5.2. The START Project Team 

5.9.6.  Conclusion 
5.9.7.  Bibliography

Module 6. Human Rights (HR) and International Humanitarian Law (IHL)

6.1.  Human Rights and International Humanitarian Law 

6.1.1.  Introduction 
6.1.2.  Concept and Definition of Human Rights 
6.1.3.  Universal Declaration of Human Rights 

 6.1.3.1. What Is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? 
 6.1.3.2. Authors of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 
 6.1.3.3. Preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 
 6.1.3.4. Articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights 

6.1.4.  Bibliography 

6.2.  International Humanitarian Law (IHL) 

6.2.1.  What Is International Humanitarian Law? (IHL) 
6.2.2.  Branches of IHL 
6.2.3.  Geneva Convention and Fundamental Norms Underpinning the Geneva Conventions 
6.2.4.  Scope of International Human Rights Law 

 6.2.4.1. General Prohibitions and Restrictions on Certain Methods and Means of Warfare 
 6.2.4.2. Specific Prohibitions and Restrictions 

6.2.5.  When Does IHL Apply? 
6.2.6.  Who Does IHL Protect and How? 
6.2.7.  Bibliography

6.3.  The UN and Human Rights 

6.3.1.  The UN United Nations Organization 

 6.3.1.1. What Is It? 
 6.3.1.2. The History of the UN 
 6.3.1.3. The ONU and Human Rights 

6.3.2.  How Does the UN Promote and Protect Human Rights? 

 6.3.2.1. High Commissioner for Human Rights 
 6.3.2.2. Human Rights Council 
 6.3.2.3. UNDG-HRM 
 6.3.2.4. Special Advisors on the Prevention of Genocide and the Responsibility to Protect 

6.3.3.  Conclusions 
6.3.4.  Bibliography 

6.4.  UN Human Rights Protection Tools 

6.4.1.  Introduction 
6.4.2.  Legal Tools Assisting the UN in the Protection of Human Rights 

 6.4.2.1. The International Bill of Human Rights 
 6.4.2.2. Democracy 
 6.4.2.3. Other UN Bodies in Charge of Protecting Human Rights 

6.4.3.  Several Agencies Dealing with Different Issues 
6.4.4.  General Secretary 
6.4.5.  United Nations Peace Operations 
6.4.6.  Commission on the Status of Women (CSW) 
6.4.7.  Bibliography 

6.5.  International Human Rights Law 

6.5.1.  Introduction 
6.5.2.  What Is International Human Rights Law? 

 6.5.2.1. Characteristics of International Human Rights Law 

6.5.3.  Main Differences between International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law 
6.5.4.  Crimes against Humanity 

 6.5.4.1. Crimes against Humanity throughout History 

6.5.5.  Bibliography 

6.6.  Non-Governmental Organizations and Human Rights 

6.6.1.  Introduction 

 6.6.1.1. What Is a NGDO? 

6.6.2.  NGOs and Human Rights 
6.6.3.  Categories of Human Rights NGOs 
6.6.4.  Main Characteristics of Human Rights NGOs 
6.6.5.  Bibliography 

6.7.  Human Rights Violations in the World 

6.7.1.  Introduction 
6.7.2.  Cases of Human Rights Violations (HRV) by Articles 

 6.7.2.1. Article 3: Right to Live in Freedom 
 6.7.2.2. Article 4: No Slavery 
 6.7.2.3. Article 5: No Torture 
 6.7.2.4. Article 13: Freedom of Movement 
 6.7.2.5. Article 18: Freedom of Thought 
 6.7.2.6. Article 19: Freedom of Speech 
 6.7.2.7. Article 21: The Right to Democracy 

6.7.3.  Bibliography 

6.8.  Environmental Human Rights 

6.8.1.  Environmental Protection as a Human Right 
6.8.2.  Does the Environment Have Rights? 
6.8.3.  Evolution of Human Rights in the Face of No Rights Cases 
6.8.4.  Rights of Nature Evolution 

 6.8.4.1. Statement of Intent Special Rapporteur 

6.8.5.  Environmental Law 

 6.8.5.1. UNEP United Nations Environment Programme 

6.8.6.  Bibliography 

6.9.  Human Rights NGOs 

6.9.1.  Introduction 
6.9.2.  List of Human Rights NGOs 

6.9.2.1. 1 Kilo of Aid 
6.9.2.2. B. Soleil d’Afrique 
6.9.2.3. Aasara 
6.9.2.4. Andean Action 
6.9.2.5. Global Solidarity Action 
6.9.2.6. Verapaz Action 
6.9.2.7. ADANE Amics per al Desenvolupament a l’África Negra (Friends for African Development) 

6.9.3.  Bibliography 

Module 7. Social and Transformative Communication

7.1.  Fundamentals of Communication

7.1.1.  Introduction
7.1.2.  What Is Communication?

 7.1.2.1. Concept and Definition

7.1.3.  Objectives, Audiences and Messages
7.1.4.  Right to Information and Communication

 7.1.4.1. Freedom of Speech

7.1.5.  Access and Participation
7.1.6.  Brief Overview of the Media According to Typology

 7.1.6.1. Written Press
 7.1.6.2. Radio
 7.1.6.3. Television
 7.1.6.4. Internet and Social Networks

7.1.7.  Conclusions

7.2.  Communication and Power in the Digital Age

7.2. 1 What Is Power?

 7.2.1.1. Power in the Global Era

7.2.2.  Fake News, Control and Leaks
7.2.3.  Publicly Owned Media
7.2.4.  Commercial Media

 7.2.4.1. Large Conglomerates in Europe
 7.2.4.2. Large Conglomerates in Latin America
 7.2.4.3. Other Conglomerates

7.2.5.  Alternative Media

 7.2.5.1. Evolution of the Alternative Media in the Spanish State
 7.2.5.2. Current Trends
 7.2.5.3. The Problem of Financing
 7.2.5.4. Professional Journalism/Activist Journalism

7.2.6.  Initiatives for the Democratization of Communication

 7.2.6.1. Examples in Europe
 7.2.6.2. Examples in Latin America

7.2.7.  Conclusions

7.3.  Communication and International Cooperation

7.3.1.  Social Communication

 7.3.1.1. Concept
 7.3.1.2. Themes

7.3.2.  Stakeholders: Associations and Research Centers

 7.3.2.1. Social Movements

7.3.3.  Collaboration and Exchange Networks
7.3.4.  Cooperation, Education for Social Transformation and Communication

 7.3.4.1. Types of Communication from NGDOs

7.3.5.  Code of Conduct

 7.3.5.1. Social Marketing

7.3.6.  Educommunication
7.3.7.  Working with Alternative Media
7.3.8.  Working with Publicly Owned Media and Commercial Media
7.3.9.  Communication and Cooperation in Times of Crisis

 7.3.9.1. Technical and Labor Impacts
 7.3.9.2. Impacts on Social Movements

7.3.10.  Tensions between Professional Journalism and Activist Journalism

7.4.  Communication and Gender Equality

7.4.1.  Introduction
7.4.2.  Key Concepts
7.4.3.  Women in the Media

 7.4.3.1. Representation and Visibility

7.4.4.  Media Production and Decision Making
7.4.5.  The Beijing Platform for Action (Chapter J)
7.4.6.  Feminist Communication and Inclusive Language

 7.4.6.1. Basic Concepts

7.4.7.  How to Identify and Avoid Stereotypes?
7.4.8.  Guidelines, Best Practices
7.4.9.  Examples of Initiatives
7.4.10.  Conclusions

7.5.  Communication and Sustainable Development

7.5.1.  The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

 7.5.1.1. Proposal and Limits

7.5.2.  The Anthropocene

 7.5.2.1. Climate Change and Human Development

7.5.3.  Communication about "Natural Disasters" from NGDOs

 7.5.3.1. Regular Coverage in the Mass Media

7.5.4. Advocacy Possibilities from NGDOs
7.5.5.  Environmental Defenders in Latin America

 7.5.5.1. The Data: Threats and Deaths

7.5.6.  How Can NGDOs Communicate the Work of Human Rights Defenders?

7.6.  Communication and Migrations

7.6.1.  Introduction
7.6.2.  Key Concepts and Data
7.6.3.  Hate Speech and Its Foundations

 7.6.3.1. Dehumanization and Victimization

7.6.4.  Necropolitics
7.6.5.  Regular Coverage in the Mass Media
7.6.6.  Social Networks, WhatsApp and Hoaxes
7.6.7.  Advocacy Possibilities from NGDOs

 7.6.7.1. How to Recognize Prejudice?
 7.6.7.2. Overcoming Eurocentrism

7.6.8.  Best Practices and Guidelines on Communication and Migration
7.6.9.  Conclusions

7.7.  Communication and Peace Building

7.7.1.  Introduction
7.7.2.  Peace Journalism vs. War Journalism
 7.7.2.1. Features
7.7.3.  Brief Historical Review of Warmongering
7.7.4.  Communication on Armed Conflicts and Peace Processes
7.7.5.  Journalists in Armed Conflicts
7.7.6.  Possibilities for NGDOs

 7.7.6.1. Shifting Our Focus to the Solution

7.7.7.  Research and Guidelines

7.8.  Educommunication for Walking

7.8.1.  Introduction
7.8.2.  Pedagogy and Popular Education
7.8.3.  Media Literacy
7.8.4.  Educommunication Projects

 7.8.4.1. Features
 7.8.4.2. Agents

7.8.5.  Mainstreaming Communication for Social Change

 7.8.5.1. The Communication Component in Other Projects

7.8.6.  The Importance of Internal Communication in NGDOs
7.8.7.  Communication to Members and Collaborators
7.8.8.  Conclusions

7.9.  Digital Culture and Development NGOs

7.9.1.  Introduction
7.9.2.  Paradigm Shifts and New Spaces

 7.9.2.1. Characteristics and Main Agents and Networks

7.9.3.  The Tyranny of the Click
7.9.4.  The Imposition of Brevity
7.9.5.  Citizen Participation in Digital Society

 7.9.5.1. Changes in Solidarity and Activism in the Digital Culture

7.9.6.  Promote the Participation of NGDOs in Digital Spaces
7.9.7.  Indicators of Communication 2.0 in NGDOs
7.9.8.  Conclusions

7.10.  In Practice

7.10.1.  Introduction
7.10.2.  Elaboration of Organizational Communication Plans

 7.10.2.1. Communication Plan Introduction

7.10.3.  Project and Action Communication Plans
7.10.4.  Basic Contents and Common Errors in Web Pages
7.10.5.  Social Media Publishing Plans
7.10.6.  Crisis Management and Unplanned Aspects in Social Networks
7.10.7.  Subject, Verb and Predicate

 7.10.7.1. Recalling Notions

7.10.8.  Conclusions

Module 8. Equality and Cooperation

8.1.  Gender and Cooperation 

8.1.1.  Introduction 
8.1.2.  Key Concepts 

 8.1.2.1. Gender Considerations 

8.1.3.  Empowerment 

 8.1.3.1. Introduction 
 8.1.3.2. Concept of Empowerment 
 8.1.3.3. What Is Empowerment? 
 8.1.3.4. Brief Historical Reference of Empowerment 

8.1.4.  The Feminist Movement in the World 

 8.1.4.1. Concept 
 8.1.4.2. Brief History of Feminism in the World 

8.1.5.  Bibliography 

8.2.  Historical Evolution of Feminist Movements Main Currents 

8.2.1.  Introduction 

 8.2.1.1. Historical Background. 

8.2.2.  The Forerunners of the Feminist Movement 
8.2.3.  Suffragettes in the United States and Europe 
8.2.4.  Suffragism in Latin America 
8.2.5.  Feminism as a Social Movement or New Feminism 
8.2.6.  Contemporary Feminism 

 8.2.6.1. Feminisms of the 21st Century 
 8.2.6.2. Evolution of Prominent Feminist Movements 

8.2.7.  Bibliography 

8.3.  Regional Patriarchies and Women's Movements 

8.3.1.  Patriarchy 

 8.3.1.1. Introduction 
 8.3.1.2. Concept of Patriarchy 
 8.3.1.3. Concept of Matriarchy 
 8.3.1.4. Main Characteristics of Patriarchy in the World 

8.3.2.  Influential Historical Movements of Women in the World 

8.3.2.1. Evolution of Women's Rights 

8.3.2.1.1. First Convention for Women's Rights 
8.3.2.1.2. International Women's Day: A Day for Women 
8.3.2.1.3. Medicine against Female Genital Mutilation 
8.3.2.1.4. Women's Revolt in Aba 
8.3.2.1.5. The Ever-Changing World of Work 
8.3.2.1.6. On the Job and on Strike, with Strength 
8.3.2.1.7. The United Nations Is Born 
8.3.2.1.8. To the Women of the World 
8.3.2.1.9. Unforgettable Butterflies 
8.3.2.1.10. Activists, Unite 
8.3.2.1.11. CEDAW 
8.3.2.1.12. Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women 
8.3.2.1.13. ICPD Program of Action 
8.3.2.1.14. Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action 
8.3.2.1.15. Security Council Resolution 1325
8.3.2.1.16. United Nations Millennium Declaration
8.3.2.1.17. Collective Action for Peace
8.3.2.1.18. The Gulabi Gang: Justice for Women
8.3.2.1.19. Challenging the Status Quo

8.3.3. Bibliography 

8.4. Division of Labor: Traditional Arrangements and Contemporary Dynamics 

8.4.1. Introduction 
8.4.2. Sexual Division of Labor 

 8.4.2.1. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Constraints to Women's Labor Participation 
 8.4.2.2. Vertical and Horizontal Segregation of Women in Paid Work 
 8.4.2.3. Masculinities and Paid Work 

8.4.3. Division of Labor between Men and Women 
8.4.4. Feminization of Poverty 
8.4.5. Data on Labor Participation, Gender Gap and Different Modalities of Labor Market Insertion 

8.4.5.1. Indicators 
8.4.5.2. Employed by Branch of Activity 
8.4.5.3. Employed by Type of Occupation 
8.4.5.4. Employed by Professional Status 
8.4.5.5. Employed by Type of Position 

8.4.6. Bibliography 

8.5.  Care Policies and Economy 

8.5.1. Life Care 
8.5.2. Effects on Women's Lives 

8.5.2.1. Value Associated with Unpaid Work in the Domestic Sphere and Other Care Work 
8.5.2.2. Concept of Conciliation 
8.5.2.3. Approved Measures to Achieve Conciliation 

8.5.3. Care Activities and Household Chores Children Attending Education and Care Centers Households with Dependents 

8.5.3.1. Weekly Frequency of Care Activities and Household Chores Spain and EU-28 
8.5.3.2. Hours Per Week Dedicated to Caregiving and Housework Activities 
8.5.3.3. Persons Aged 16 and over Caring for Dependents (by age and sex) 

8.5.4.  New Masculinities 
8.5.5.  Bibliography 

8.6.  Gender and Migrations 

8.6.1.  Causes and Global Situation of Migration 
8.6.2.  Historical Evolution of Migration 
8.6.3.  Phenomenon of Feminization of Migrations 
8.6.4.  Characteristics of Migratory Flows from a Gender Perspective 
8.6.5.  Effects of Migratory Processes on Women 
8.6.6.  Conclusion 
8.6.7.  Migration Strategy with a Gender Perspective 
8.6.8.  Bibliography 

8.7.  The International System of Development Cooperation from a Gender Perspective 

8.7.1.  Introduction 
8.7.2.  The International Development Cooperation System 

 8.7.2.1. Objectives of International Cooperation for Spanish Development 
 8.7.2.2. Policies and Tools for International Development Cooperation from a Gender Perspective 
 8.7.2.3. Strategic Lines of Work in the Gender Approach in International Cooperation for Development 

8.7.3.  Gender and Advocacy 
8.7.4.  Gender and Development 
8.7.5.  Gender-Sensitive Planning 

 8.7.5.1. Guidelines for Planning Processes 

8.7.6.  Country Partnership Frameworks (CPF) and Available Spanish Cooperation Tools 
8.7.7.  Guidelines for Mainstreaming 

 8.7.7.1. Checklist 
 8.7.7.2. Phase 1 Checklist Stage 0 

8.7.8.  Bibliography 

8.8.  Public Policies with a Gender Perspective 

8.8.1.  Introduction 
8.8.2.  Development Economics 

 8.8.2.1. Economic Bases of Development 
 8.8.2.2. Definition of Development Economics 
 8.8.2.3. Evolution of Development Economics 

8.8.3.  Gender Economics 
8.8.4.  Public Policies with a Gender Perspective 
8.8.5.  Gender Budgeting Methodology 
8.8.6.  Human Development Indexes with Respect to Gender 

 8.8.6.1. Concept 
 8.8.6.2. Human Development Index Parameters 

8.8.7.  Bibliography 

8.9.  The Gender Perspective in International Development Cooperation 

8.9.1.  Gender in International Cooperation Evolution Over Time 
8.9.2.  Basic Concepts 

 8.9.2.1. Gender Equality 
 8.9.2.2. Gender Equity 
 8.9.2.3. Gender Identity 
 8.9.2.4. Masculinities 
 8.9.2.5. Patriarchy 
 8.9.2.6. Sexual Division of Labor 
 8.9.2.7. Gender Roles 
 8.9.2.8. Sectorial Approach 
 8.9.2.9. Transversal Approach 
 8.9.2.10. Practical Needs 
 8.9.2.11. Strategic Gender Interests 

8.9.3.  Why Is It Important to Incorporate the Gender Approach in Development Processes? 
8.9.4.  Decalogue for Mainstreaming a Gender Approach 
8.9.5. Gender Indicators 

 8.9.5.1. Concept 
 8.9.5.2. Areas to Which Indicators May Be Addressed 
 8.9.5.3. Characteristics of the Gender Indicators 
 8.9.5.4. Purpose of Gender Indicators 

8.9.6.  Bibliography 

Module 9. Environmental Rights

9.1.  Environmental Law

9.1.1.  Introduction
9.1.2.  What Is It?
9.1.3.  What Is Environmental Law?
9.1.4.  Characteristics of Environmental Law
9.1.5.  Legal Nature
9.1.6.  Medical history
9.1.7.  History
9.1.8.  Objective of Environmental Law

 9.1.8.1. Sources

9.1.9.  Principles
9.1.10.  Purposes

9.2.  Environmental Rights

9.2.1.  What Do We Understand as Environment?
9.2.2.  What Are Our Environmental Rights?

 9.2.2.1. What are they?

9.2.3.  Right to Enjoy a Healthy Environment
9.2.4.  Right of Access to Information
9.2.5.  Right to Participation in Environmental Management
9.2.6.  Right of Access to Environmental Justice
9.2.7.  General Principles of Environmental Law
9.2.8.  International Conferences and Agreements

 9.2.8.1. Stockholm 1972
 9.2.8.2. Rio de Janeiro 1992

9.2.9.  Rules Protecting Environmental Rights
9.2.10.  Conclusion

9.3.  Environmental Law Duties

9.3.1.  Introduction
9.3.2.  What Are Environmental Duties?

 9.3.2.1. Definition and Concept

9.3.3.  What Are the Environmental Rights?
9.3.4.  Duty to Conserve the Environment
9.3.5.  Duty to Comply with Environmental Regulations
9.3.6.  Duty of Citizen Watch
9.3.7.  Duty to Inform
9.3.8.  Duty for Environmental Damage
9.3.9.  Conclusions

9.4.  Citizen Participation in Environmental Protection

9.4.1.  Introduction
9.4.2.  Participatory Environmental Monitoring

9.4.2.1. Introduction 9.4.2.2. Concept of Monitoring
9.4.2.3. What Is Participatory Environmental Monitoring?
9.4.2.4. What is it for?
9.4.2.5. Who Can Participate?
9.4.2.6. Participatory Environmental Monitoring Plan
9.4.2.7. Area of Influence of a Project or Activity
9.4.2.8. Stages of Participatory Environmental Monitoring
9.4.2.9. Phases

9.5.  United Nations Environment Programme UNEP

9.5.1.  Introduction
9.5.2.  Definition and Concept
9.5.3.  UNEP Goals

 9.5.3.1. General Objective

9.5.4.  History & Evolution

 9.5.4.1. Where and When was UNEP Born?

9.5.5.  UNEP Mision
9.5.6.  Activities
9.5.7.  UNEP Location

 9.5.7.1. At National and International Level

9.5.8.  Fourth Montevideo Program of Development and Periodic Review of Environmental Law

 9.5.8.1. Concept, Goals and Purpose

9.5.9.  Conclusion

9.6.  Global Environment and Climate Change

9.6.1.  Introduction
9.6.2.  Global Environment

 9.6.2.1. Concept

9.6.3.  Climate Change

 9.6.3.1. Concept

9.6.4.  Evolution of Climate Change Theory
9.6.5.  Global Environmental Change

 9.6.5.1. Past and Present

9.6.6.  Characteristics of Global Environmental Change

 9.6.6.1. Sea Level Changes

9.6.7.  Consequences of Global Environmental Change
9.6.8.  Dangers, Risks and Future Vulnerability
9.6.9.  Climate Change and Impact on Agriculture
9.6.10.  Survival Strategies and Dilemmas

 9.6.10.1. Migration

9.7.  Environmental Rights in the World

9.7.1.  Introduction
9.7.2.  Countries Fighting for Environmental Rights
9.7.3.  Equator
9.7.4.  Spain
9.7.5.  Mexico
9.7.6.  Peru.
9.7.7.  Sustainable Development

 9.7.7.1. Concept

9.7.8.  History & evolution
9.7.9.  Sustainable Development Optics (SD)
9.7.10.  General Law on Sustainable Forestry Development

 9.7.10.1. Description
 9.7.10.2. Objective

Module 10. NGDOs and Local, Regional and International Solidarity

10.1.  NGOs

10.1.1.  Introduction
10.1.2.  Meaning of the Acronym NGO
10.1.3.  What Is an NGO?

 10.1.3.1. Definition and Concept

10.1.4.  NGO Conditions
10.1.5.  History and Evolution of NGOs

 10.1.5.1. When and How Are they Born?

10.1.6.  Functions of NGOs
10.1.7.  NGO Financing

 10.1.7.1. Public Funds
 10.1.7.2. Private Funds

10.1.8.  Types of NGO
10.1.9.  Operation of an NGO
10.1.10.  The Work of NGOs

10.2.  Types of NGO

10.2.1.  Introduction
10.2.2.  Ranking of NGOs Worldwide

 10.2.2.1. Types of Classification

10.2.3  Types of NGOs According to Their Orientation

 10.2.3.1. How Many Types According to Their Orientation Are There?

102.4.  Charitable NGOs
10.2.5.  Service NGOs
10.2.6.  Participatory NGOs
10.2.7.  Advocacy NGOs
10.2.8.  Types of NGOs According to Their Field of Action

 10.2.8.1. Fields

10.2.9.  Community-Based NGOs
10.2.10. Citizen NGOs
10.2.11. National NGOs
10.2.12.  International NGOs

10.3.  NGOs: Development and Solidarity

10.3.1.  Introduction
10.3.2.  Changes in International Development Cooperation and Its Relationship with NGOs

 10.3.2.1. Main Lines

10.3.3.  The "Third World" and NGOs
10.3.4.  The Humanitarian Era From Intervention to the Global Village

 10.3.4.1. Doctors Without Borders, Doctors of the World, etc

10.3.5.  Movements against the Third World
10.3.6.  NGOs and Science

 10.3.6.1. Scientific Research

10.3.7.  The NGO Workforce
10.3.8.  Ideological Biases of NGOs
10.3.9.  Conclusion

10.4.  NGO Legislation

10.4.1.  What Type of Legislation is Applicable for NGOs?

 10.4.1.1. Introduction

10.4.2.  Specific Laws
10.4.3.  Generic Laws
10.4.4.  State Regulations

 10.4.4.1. Types of Laws and Decrees

10.4.5.  Autonomous Community Standards

 10.4.5.1. Introduction

10.4.6.  Andalusian Autonomous Regulation
10.4.7.  Canary Islands Autonomous Regulation
10.4.8.  Catalonia Autonomous Regulation
10.4.9.  Basque Country Autonomous Regulations
10.4.10. Obligations of the Associations

10.5.  Types of Existing Associations

10.5.1.  Introduction
10.5.2.  Differences between Associations, Unions, Federations or Coordinators and Conferences
10.5.3.  Youth Associations

 10.5.3.1. Definition and Concept

10.5.4.  Legislation of Youth Associations
10.5.5.  Main Characteristics of Youth Associations
10.5.6.  Coordinators

 10.5.6.1. Definition and Concept
 10.5.6.2. Objectives

10.5.7.  Characteristics of Coordinators
10.5.8.  Federations

 10.5.8.1. Definition and Concept

10.5.9.  Characteristics and Objectives of the Federations
10.5.10.  Types of Federations

10.6.  Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation and Other Regional Cooperation Agencies

10.6.1.  Introduction
10.6.2.  Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (AECID)

 10.6.2.1. Meaning of the Acronym

10.6.3.  Definition and Concept
10.6.4.  Objectives
10.6.5.  Mission

  10.6.5.1. Vision of the Agency

10.6.6.  Structure
10.6.7.  AECID Technical Offices
10.6.8.  Cooperation Modalities and Tools
10.6.9.  Development Promotion Fund
10.6.10.  Conclusion

10.7.  AECID Cooperation Sectors

10.7.1.  Introduction
10.7.2.  Water and Sanitation

 10.7.2.1. How Do They Work?

10.7.3.  Economic Growth

 10.7.3.1. How Do They Work?

10.7.4.  Culture and Science

 10.7.4.1. How Do They Work?

10.7.5.  Gender

 10.7.5.1. How Do They Work?

10.7.6.  Education

 10.7.6.1. How Do They Work?

10.7.7.  Rural Development, Food Security and Nutrition

 10.7.7.1. How Do They Work?

10.7.8.  Democratic Governance

 10.7.8.1. How Do They Work?

10.7.9.  Environment and Climate Change

 10.7.9.1. How Do They Work?

10.7.10.  Health

 10.7.10.1. How Do They Work?

10.8.  Countries Where AECID Cooperates

10.8.1.  Introduction
10.8.2.  Geographic Priorities

 10.8.2.1. What Are They?

10.8.3.  Countries and Territories of Association

 10.8.3.1. Present and Future

10.8.4.  Latin America

 10.8.4.1. 12 Projects

10.8.5.  Caribbean
10.8.6.  North Africa and the Middle East

 10.8.6.1. 4 Projects

10.8.7.  West Sub-Saharan Africa

 10.8.7.1. Three Projects

10.8.8.  Central, Eastern, and Southern Africa

 10.8.8.1. Three Projects

10.8.9.  Asia

 10.8.9.1. One Project

10.9.  NGO Strategy and Management

10.9.1.  Introduction
10.9.2.  Manage an NGO
10.9.3.  Strategic Planning of an NGO

 10.9.3.1. What Is It?
 10.9.3.2. How Is It Done?

10.9.4.  Managing the Quality of the NGO

 10.9.4.1. Quality and Commitment

10.9.5.  Stakeholders

 10.9.5.1. Stakeholder Relationship

10.9.6.  NGO Social Responsibility
10.9.7.  Third-Party Ethical Risk
10.9.8.  Relationship between NGOs and the Private Sector
10.9.9.  Transparency and Accountability
10.9.10.  Conclusion

10.10.  National and International NGOs

10.10.1. National NGOs

 10.10.1.1. Main Projects

10.10.2.  International NGOs

 10.10.2.1. Main Projects

10.10.3.  UNHCR

 10.10.3.1. History
 10.10.3.2. Objectives
 10.10.3.3. Main Work Areas

10.10.4.  Mercy Corps

 10.10.4.1. Who Are They?
 10.10.4.2. Objectives
 10.10.4.3. Work Areas

10.10.5.  International Plan

 10.10.5.1. Who Are They?
 10.10.5.2. Objectives
 10.10.5.3. Main Areas of Work

10.10.6.  Doctors without Borders

 10.10.6.1. Who Are They?
 10.10.6.2. Objectives
 10.10.6.3. Work Areas

10.10.7. Ceres

 10.10.7.1. Who Are They?
 10.10.7.2. Objectives
 10.10.7.3. Main Areas of Work

10.10.8. Oxfam
10.10.9. UNICEF
10.10.10. Save the children

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