This program accumulates 1,620 didactic hours through which you will obtain the most up-to-date theoretical and practical education in Pulmonology in the educational market” 

In recent times, the scientific and technological evolution in the medical field has allowed the development of more efficient diagnostic and treatment procedures. Pulmonology has benefited considerably from this process and as a result, procedures are now applied, with maximum guarantees, for the comprehensive approach to complex pathologies such as pneumonia, cystic fibrosis or tuberculosis. In addition, the specialty also has protocols of greater impact in the management of asthmatic patients and other chronic respiratory diseases.

Furthermore, new technologies have led to better surgical intervention strategies for patients who need lung transplants or the removal of tumors in any of the organs of this anatomical system. 

Maintaining a mastery of all these advances is a challenge for the specialist. For this reason, TECH offers a Hybrid professional master’s degree program that, like no other, will bring them up-to-date on all aspects of recent application in this field of health. With this program, the medical professional will have to complete 1,500 hours of theoretical learning, in a 100% online and interactive platform. It will provide concepts of interest, based on the latest scientific evidence, of mandatory knowledge for the professional practice of Pulmonology.  

In addition, for the assimilation of these contents, they will be supported by modern didactic methodologies such as Relearning and the syllabus will be taught by a prestigious teaching staff. Specifically, a guest director of international renown will be in charge of giving several master classes on Pulmonary Hypertension and rehabilitation of the Respiratory System.  

After completing these studies, the pulmonologist will participate in a practical and on-site internship in a first-class health facility in the field of Pulmonology. Through their transit through these institutions, they will be able to apply procedures learned in the previous phase on real patients, with pathologies of diverse complexity. Therefore, for 3 weeks, the specialist will be guided by experts of international prestige who will supervise their academic progress and will facilitate the management of the most distinctive innovations of this professional field of health.

Make the most of this opportunity to learn about the latest advances in this subject to apply it to your daily practice" 

This Hybrid professional master’s degree in Pulmonology contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. Its most outstanding features are:

• Development of more than 100 clinical cases presented by pulmonology professionals, showing the different methodologies for approaching pathologies in the respiratory system 
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice 
• Assessment and monitoring of patients with pulmonology conditions in accordance with the latest recommendations for diagnosis and treatment 
• Comprehensive systematized action plans for the main pulmonology pathologies 
• An algorithm-based interactive learning system for decision-making in the clinical situations presented throughout the course
• Practical clinical guides on approaching different pathologies 
• All of this will be complemented by theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection 
• Furthermore, they will be able to carry out a clinical internship in one of the best hospitals 

The clinical internship of this Hybrid professional master’s degree, which lasts 3 weeks, is a unique opportunity to apply all your skills in the care of real patients with different respiratory pathologies”

In this Hybrid professional master’s degree proposal, of a professionalizing ture and blended learning modality, the program is aimed at updating of Pulmonology rofessionals. The contents are based on the latest scientific evidence, and oriented in a educational way to integrate theoretical knowledge in the medical practice, and the theoretical-practical elements will facilitate the updating of knowledge and allow decision-making in patient management.

Thanks to the multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will allow the medical professional a situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive learning programmed to train in real situations. This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this purpose, the student will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned experts.

With this program you will apply the most innovative techniques for the management of patients with asthma and other chronic respiratory pathologies"

You will delve, thanks to TECH, into the latest pharmacological criteria and antimicrobial drugs that combat severe pathogens that lodge in the respiratory tract"

This academic syllabus, composed of 10 modules, will update the pulmonologist on the most recent trends in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary diseases. In particular, they will delve into the management criteria for complex pathologies such as cystic fibrosis, nosocomial pneumonia or tuberculosis. In addition, the program will delve into the most modern clinical criteria to determine the relevance of a lung transplant or the surgical approach to tumors in the respiratory tract. The entire program will be developed on a 100% online and interactive learning platform, without fixed schedules and supporting its contents with multimedia resources such as videos and infographics.

In order to assimilate the academic and theoretical modules of this program, you will be assisted by multimedia resources such as infographics, videos and interactive summaries” 

Module 1. Interstitial Lung Diseases

1.1. ILD's

1.1.1. Classification and Epidemiology of ILD's
1.1.2. Diagnostic Approximation

1.1.2.1. Medical History. Physical Examination
1.1.2.2. Clinical Laboratory and Pulmonary Function Laboratory
1.1.2.3. Radiodiagnosis: Chest Radiography HRCT. Radiological Patterns
1.1.2.4. Invasive Techniques: Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL), Transbronchial Biopsy (TBB) and Cryobiopsy. Surgical Biopsy. Indications and Pathologic Patterns
1.1.2.5. Multidisciplinary Diagnosis

1.1.3. Cellular Aging, Genetics and Biomarkers in ILD

1.1.3.1. Pathogenesis of Cellular Aging
1.1.3.2. Characteristics, Value, Prognosis and Treatment of Telomeric Disorders
1.1.3.3. Familial Pulmonary Fibrosis. Biomarkers Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Use

1.2. Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

1.2.1. Epidemiology
1.2.2. Risk Factors
1.2.3. Natural History and Prognosis
1.2.4. Diagnostic Approximation

1.2.4.1. Clinical Manifestations Physical Examination
1.2.4.2. Radiological Criteria
1.2.4.3. Histopathological Criteria
1.2.4.4. Useful Biomarkers in IPF

1.2.5. Treatment
1.2.6. Exacerbation of IPF

1.3. Idiopathic Non-specific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP) ILD Associated With Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (I): ILD Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA-ILD) and ILD associated with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc-IDP)

1.3.1. Idiopathic NSIP

1.3.1.1. Histopathological Forms
1.3.1.2. Diagnostic Tests
1.3.1.3. Treatment
1.3.1.4. Prognosis

1.3.2. ILD Associated With Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

1.3.2.1. RA-ILD
1.3.2.2. SSc-ILD

1.4. ILD Associated With Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (II)

1.4.1. Dermatosis/Polymyositis
1.4.2. Sjögren's Syndrome
1.4.3. Mixed Connective Tissue Disease. ”Overlap” Syndrome
1.4.4. Interstitial Pneumonia with Autoimmune Features (IPAF)

1.5. Sarcoidosis

1.5.1. Pathophysiology
1.5.2. Histology
1.5.3. Diagnostic Approximation
1.5.4. Evolution and Prognosis
1.5.5. Treatment

1.6. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis

1.6.1. Etiology
1.6.2. Pathophysiology
1.6.3. Classification. Clinical Forms
1.6.4. Diagnostic Criteria. Differential Diagnosis
1.6.5. Natural History and Prognosis
1.6.6. Treatment

1.7. Cystic Pulmonary Diseases

1.7.1. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)

1.7.1.1. Clinical Manifestations
1.7.1.2. Diagnostic Approximation
1.7.1.3. Treatment

1.7.2. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis(HPCL)

1.7.2.1. Clinical Manifestations
1.7.2.2. Diagnostic Approximation
1.7.2.3. Treatment

1.7.3. Lymphocytic Interstitial Pneumonia (LIP)

1.7.3.1. Clinical Manifestations
1.7.3.2. Diagnostic Approximation
1.7.3.3. Treatment

1.8. Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia (COP)

1.8.1. Pathogenesis
1.8.2. Clinical Manifestations
1.8.3. Radiological Patterns
1.8.4. Diagnostic Approximation
1.8.5. Natural History
1.8.6. Treatment

1.9. Work and Occupational Diseases

1.9.1. Diseases Related to Asbestos

1.9.1.1. Varieties of Asbestos. Sources of Exposure
1.9.1.2. Pleural Fibrosis. Clinical Forms and Radiological Diagnosis
1.9.1.3. Asbestosis. Clinical and Radiological Findings, Diagnostic Criteria and Treatment

1.9.2. Silicosis
1.9.3. Coal Pneumoconiosis

1.10. Pulmonary Eosinophilias. ILD Associated With Drugs. Other Rare ILDs: Pleuropulmonary Fibroelastosis. Alveolar Microlithiasis. Alveolar Proteinosis

1.10.1. Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia

1.10.1.1. Epidemiology and Risk Factors
1.10.1.2. Pathogenesis
1.10.1.3. Clinical, Radiological, Functional and Anatomopathological Diagnosis
1.10.1.4. Treatment

1.10.2. ILD Associated With Drugs

1.10.2.1. Epidemiology
1.10.2.2. Pathogenesis and Risk Factors
1.10.2.3. Diagnostic Approximation
1.10.2.4. Main Causative Agents

1.10.3. Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Eosinophilias
1.10.4. Other Rare ILDs: Pleuropulmonary Fibroelastosis, Alveolar Microlithiasis and Alveolar Proteinosis: Diagnostic Approximation, Evolution and Treatment

Module 2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2.1. Etiopathogenesis

2.1.1. Epidemiology
2.1.2. Risk Factors
2.1.3. Pathogenesis

2.2. Pathophysiology of COPD and Clinical Presentation

2.2.1. Pathophysiology
2.2.2. Clinical Manifestations

2.3. Diagnosis and Characterization

2.3.1. Diagnosis: Medical History, Physical Examination, Imaging Tests, Clinical Analysis and Functional Respiratory Examination
2.3.2. Characterization

2.3.2.1. By Severity of the Pulmonary Obstruction
2.3.2.2. By Clinical Type: Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis
2.3.2.3. By Exacerbation Risk
2.3.2.4. By Symptoms

2.4. Classification of COPD According to the Guides of COPD: GOLD (Global Iniciative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease)

2.4.1. GesEPOC BORRAR

2.4.1.1. Low Risk COPD
2.4.1.2. High Risk COPD
2.4.1.3. Classification Based on Clinical Impact and Stability

2.4.2. GOLD Guide

2.4.2.1. GOLD A
2.4.2.2. GOLD B
2.4.2.3. GOLD C
2.4.2.4. GOLD D
2.4.2.5. Monitoring

2.5. Pharmacological Treatment of Maintenance

2.5.1. Treatment Objectives
2.5.2. Drugs:

2.5.2.1. Inhaled Treatment

2.5.2.1.1. Bronchodilators
2.5.2.1.2. Inhaled Corticosteroids

2.5.2.2. Oral Treatment

2.5.2.2.1. Theophylline
2.5.2.2.2. Roflumilast
2.5.2.2.3. Azithromycin

2.6. Smoking Management in COPD

2.6.1. Epidemiology
2.6.2. Diagnosis of Smoking in COPD
2.6.3. Non-Pharmacological Therapeutic Interventions
2.6.4. Pharmacological Therapeutic Interventions

2.7. Non-Pharmacological Treatment

2.7.1. Oxygen Therapy and NIMV
2.7.2. Vaccines
2.7.3. Nutrition
2.7.4. Palliative Treatment of Dyspnea
2.7.5. Reduction of Pulmonary Volume Due to Broncoscopy
2.7.6. Surgery: Reduction of Volume and Pulmonary Transplant

2.8. Exacerbation of COPD

2.8.1. Etiology and Pathogenesis
2.8.2. Classification of Severity
2.8.3. Treatment

2.9. Comorbidities

2.9.1. Prevalence
2.9.2. Impact on Mortality
2.9.3. Screening and Management

2.10. Rehabilitation and Physical Activity in COPD

2.10.1. Rehabilitation in COPD

2.10.1.1. Benefits
2.10.1.2. Indications
2.10.1.3. Structure of a Rehabilitation Project
2.10.1.4. Rehabilitation After the Exacerbation of COPD
2.10.1.5. Special Situations

2.10.2. Physical Activity

2.10.2.1 Measurement
2.10.2.2 Interventions

Module 3. Asthma

3.1. Etiopathogenesis

3.1.1. Epidemiology
3.1.2. Risk Factors
3.1.3. Pathogenesis

3.2. Diagnosis

3.2.1. Clinical Symptoms
3.2.2. Spirometry and Bronchodilator Test
3.2.3. Bronchial Provocation Tests
3.2.4. Determination of FeNO
3.2.5. Induced Sputum
3.2.6. Electronic Nose
3.2.7. Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Air
3.2.8. Diagnostic Algorithm

3.3. Classification of the Control and Severity

3.3.1. Control
3.3.2. Severity

3.4. Treatment of Maintenance

3.4.1. Treatment Objectives
3.4.2. Drugs:
3.4.3. Step Treatment
3.4.4. Allergen and Environmental Avoidance
3.4.5. Education and Written Action Plans

3.5. Treatment of Asthma Attacks

3.5.1. Risk Factors
3.5.2. Severity Assessment
3.5.3. Treatment According to Severity
3.5.4. High Emergency Criteria
3.5.5. Criteria for Hospitalization
3.5.6. Criteria for Discharge After Hospitalization
3.5.7. Outpatient Monitoring After the Attack

3.6. Uncontrolled Severe Asthma

3.6.1. Epidemiology
3.6.2. Diagnostic Procedure
3.6.3. Phenotypes of Severe Asthma
3.6.4. Treatment Algorithm

3.7. Occupational Asthma

3.7.1. Causative Agents
3.7.2. Classification
3.7.3. Diagnosis
3.7.4. Treatment
3.7.5. Asthma Worsened by Work

3.8. Nasal Pathology Associated with Asthma

3.8.1. Rhinitis

3.8.1.1. Diagnosis
3.8.1.2. Classification
3.8.1.3. Treatment

3.8.2. Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyposis

3.8.2.1. Diagnosis
3.8.2.2. Treatment

3.9. Pulmonary Eosinophilias Associated With Asthma

3.9.1. Chronic Eosinophilic Pneumonia
3.9.2. Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis
3.9.3. Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

3.10. Special Situations

3.10.1. Asthma and COPD Overlap (ACOS)
3.10.2. Respiratory Disease Exacerbated by Acetylsalicylic Acid
3.10.3. Asthma and Pregnancy
3.10.4. Exercise-Induced Asthma
3.10.5. Pseudo Asthmas

Module 4. Respiratory Infections and Related Diseases

4.1. Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP)

4.1.1. Epidemiology
4.1.2. Risk Factors
4.1.3. Comorbidities and Risk of CAP
4.1.4. Etiology
4.1.5. Clinical Manifestations
4.1.6. Diagnosis
4.1.7. Assessmeant of the Severity of the CAP
4.1.8. Treatment
4.1.9. Clinical Response
4.1.10. Complications
4.1.11. Prevention: Vaccination

4.2. Nosocomial Pneumonia (Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia)

4.2.1. Pathogenesis
4.2.2. Risk Factors
4.2.3. Intrahospital Pneumonia
4.2.4. Pneumonia Associated with Mechanical Ventilation
4.2.5. Etiology
4.2.6. Diagnosis
4.2.7. Treatment
4.2.8. Preventive Measures

4.3. Pulmonary Abscess

4.3.1. Pathogenesis
4.3.2. Differences with Necrotizing Pneumonia
4.3.3. Microbiology
4.3.4. Clinical Manifestations
4.3.5. Diagnosis
4.3.6. Differential Diagnosis
4.3.7. Treatment

4.4. Coronavirus: COVID 19

4.4.1. The 2019 Pandemic
4.4.2. Epidemiology
4.4.3. Pathogenesis
4.4.4. Clinical Symptoms
4.4.5. Diagnosis
4.4.6. Treatment
4.4.7. Complications
4.4.8. Prevention

4.4.8.1. Hygienic Measures and Social Distancing
4.4.8.2. Vaccines

4.5. Non‐Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis

4.5.1. Epidemiology and Costs
4.5.2. Pathophysiology
4.5.3. Etiology
4.5.4. Diagnosis
4.5.5. Differential Diagnosis
4.5.6. Microbiology
4.5.7. Severity and Prognostic Factors
4.5.8. Treatment
4.5.9. Monitoring
4.5.10. Consensus Treatment of CBI in COPD and Bronchiectasis

4.6. Cystic fibrosis

4.6.1. Etiopathogenesis
4.6.2. Epidemiology
4.6.3. Clinical Manifestations
4.6.4. Diagnosis
4.6.5. Quality of Life Related to Health
4.6.6. Treatment

4.6.6.1. Of Exacerbation
4.6.6.2. Of Chronic Bronchial Infection
4.6.6.3. Of Bronchial Inflammation
4.6.6.4. Of Mucociliary Clearance
4.6.6.5. New Drugs (CFRT Protein Repairers)

4.6.7. Rehabilitation
4.6.8. Nutritional Treatment
4.6.9. Treating Complications

4.7. Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Epidemiology, Clinical Symptoms, Diagnosis, Complications and Prognosis

4.7.1. Epidemiology
4.7.2. Etiology
4.7.3. Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology
4.7.4. Clinical Manifestations
4.7.5. Diagnosis. Concept of Infection and Tuberculous Disease

4.7.5.1. Tuberculous Infection
4.7.5.2. Tuberculous Disease

4.7.5.2.1. Clinical and Radiological Diagnosis
4.7.5.2.2. Anatomical and Pathological Diagnosis
4.7.5.2.3. Microbiological Diagnosis

4.7.6. Complications and Prognosis

4.8. Pulmonary Tuberculosis: Treatment Chemoprophylaxis

4.8.1. Types of Bacillary Populations
4.8.2. Standard Treatment. Appropriate Selection of Drug Combinations
4.8.3. Treatment in Special Situations

4.8.3.1. Immunodeficiencies
4.8.3.2. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
4.8.3.3. Advanced Chronic Liver Failure
4.8.3.4. Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease

4.8.4. Adverse Effects
4.8.5. Interrupting the Treatment
4.8.6. Resistance
4.8.7. Chemoprophylaxis. Treatment of Latent Tuberculous Infection
4.8.8. Therapeutic Schemes for the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant or Extensively Resistant Pulmonary TB

4.9. Atypical Mycobacteria

4.9.1. Taxonomy and Epidemiology
4.9.2. Pathogenesis and Susceptibility of the Host
4.9.3. Clinical Forms
4.9.4. Diagnostic Criteria for Atypical Mycobacterial Disease
4.9.5. Treatment

4.10. Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Other Mycoses

4.10.1. Pulmonary Aspergillosis
4.10.2. Candidiasis Broncopulmonar
4.10.3. Cryptococcosis
4.10.4. Mucormycosis
4.10.5. Pneumocystis

Module 5. Bronchopulmonary Neoplasms

5.1. Epidemiology

5.1.1. Incidence and Prognosis of Lung Cancer
5.1.2. Risk Factors: Tabacco, Jobs, Other Carcinogens
5.1.3. Screening

5.2. Solitary Pulmonary Nodule

5.2.1. Etiology
5.2.2. Factors Associated With Malignancy

5.2.2.1. Estimation of Malignancy
5.2.2.2. Sequential Evaluation. Management Algorithm

5.3. Classification

5.3.1. Histological Subtypes

5.3.1.1. Non-Small Cell: Adenocarcinoma, Epidermoid, Large Cell
5.3.1.2. Small Cell

5.3.2. Biomarkers with Diagnostic and Therapeutic Value

5.4. Diagnosis

5.4.1. Symptoms and Signs

5.4.1.1. Paraneoplastic Syndromes

5.4.2. Radiodiagnostics
5.4.3. Invasive Diagnostic Methods

5.5. Staging

5.5.1. General Aspects
5.5.2. TNM 8th Edition Classification

5.6. Multidisciplinary Evaluation in the Therapeutic Approach

5.6.1. Operability Criteria
5.6.2. Resectability Criteria

5.6.2.1. Resectable
5.6.2.2. Unresectable
5.6.2.3. Potentially Resectable

5.7. Treatment in Initial Stages

5.7.1. Surgical Management

5.7.1.1. Lobectomy and Lymphadenectomy
5.7.1.2. Pneumonectomy
5.7.1.3. Atypical Resections

5.7.2. Adjuvants

5.8. Locally Advanced Disease Treatment

5.8.1. Neoadjuvant
5.8.2. Radical Treatment with Chemoradiotherapy

5.9. Advanced Disease

5.9.1. Oligometastatic Disease
5.9.2. Chemotherapy
5.9.3. Immunotherapy
5.9.4. Directed Treatment

5.10. Support Treatments

5.10.1. Radiotherapy
5.10.2. Management of Complications Related to the Airway: Dyspnea, Superior Vena Cava Syndrome, Hemoptysis, Endobronchial Resection
5.10.3. Other Complications

Module 6. Diseases of the Pleura and Mediastinum

6.1. Pleura

6.1.1. Anatomy
6.1.2. Histology

6.2. Pathophysiology of the Pleura

6.2.1. Pleural Pressure
6.2.2. Formation of Pleural Fluid
6.2.3. Absorption of Pleural Fluid

6.3. Definition and Epidemiology of Pleural Diseases

6.3.1. Pleural Effusion
6.3.2. Hemothorax
6.3.3. Chylothorax
6.3.4. Pneumothorax
6.3.5. Solid Pleural Pathology

6.4. Clinical Diagnosis of Pleural Pathology

6.4.1. Symptoms
6.4.2. Physical Examination

6.5. Imaging Diagnosis of Pleural Pathology

6.5.1. Chest X-ray
6.5.2. Chest CAT Scan
6.5.3. Thoracic Ultrasound Scan

6.6. Invasive Techniques for the Diagnosis of Pleural Effusion

6.6.1. Diagnostic Thoracentesis
6.6.2. Closed Pleural Biopsy
6.6.3. Medical Thoracoscopy

6.7. Solid Pleural Pathology

6.7.1. Pleural Fibrous Tumor
6.7.2. Pleural Pathology Due to Asbestos
6.7.3. Mesothelioma
6.7.4. Metastatic Cancer

6.8. Management of the Patient with Pleural Effusion

6.8.1. Diagnostic Approximation
6.8.2. Etiological Diagnosis
6.8.3. Treatment

6.9. Caring for a Patient with Pneumothorax

6.9.1. Classification
6.9.2. Diagnosis
6.9.3. Treatment

6.10. Mediastinal Diseases

6.10.1. Anatomy
6.10.2. Epidemiology
6.10.3. Mediastinitis
6.10.4. Mediastinal Tumors
6.10.5. Diagnostic Approximation of a Mediastinal Mass

Module 7. Pulmonary Circulation

7.1. Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Circulation

7.1.1. Anatomical-Functional Review
7.1.2. Physiological Changes with Age and Exercise
7.1.3. Pathophysiology

7.2. Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism

7.2.1. Epidemiology and Etiopathogenesis of an Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism
7.2.2. Clinical Presentation and Probability
7.2.3. Diagnosis of a Pulmonary Embolism
7.2.4. Prognostic Stratification

7.3. Therapeutic Management of Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism

7.3.1. Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism
7.3.2. Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolic Disease
7.3.3. Pulmonary Embolism in Special Situations

7.3.3.1. Pulmonary Embolism in Oncologic Patients
7.3.3.2. Pulmonary Embolism in Pregnant Women

7.4. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

7.4.1. Epidemiology
7.4.2. Diagnosis and Clinical Assessment of Pulmonary Hypertension

7.5. Classification and Types of Pulmonary Hypertension

7.5.1. ERS/ESC Classification of Pulmonary Hypertension
7.5.2. Group 1 - Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

7.5.2.1. Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease/Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis
7.5.2.2. Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of a Newborn

7.5.3. Group 2 - Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Left Ventricle Cardiomyopathy
7.5.4. Group 3 - Pulmonary Hypertension Secondary to Lung Diseases and Hypoxia
7.5.5. Group 4 - Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension and Other Pulmonary Artery Obstructions
7.5.6. Group 5 - Pulmonary Hypertension of Unestablished and/or Multifactorial Mechanism

7.6. Therapeutic Management of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

7.6.1. PHT Group 1
7.6.2. PHT Group 2
7.6.3. PHT Group 3
7.6.4. PHT Group 4
7.6.5. PHT Group 5

7.7. Hemoptysis

7.7.1. Epidemiology, Etiology
7.7.2. Differential Diagnosis
7.7.3. Diagnostic Management
7.7.4. Treatment
7.7.5. Prognosis

7.8. Pulmonary Vasculitis

7.8.1. Epidemiology and Etiopathogenesis
7.8.2. Classification. Specific Vasculitis According to the CHCC 2012 Classification
7.8.3. Diagnosis
7.8.4. Treatment
7.8.5. Prophylaxis
7.8.6. Prognosis

7.9. Alveolar Hemorrhage

7.9.1. Diagnosis of an Alveolar Hemorrhage

7.9.1.1. Pathologic Anatomy
7.9.1.2. Differential Diagnosis

7.9.2. Treatment

7.10. Intrapulmonary Shunts

7.10.1. Hepatopulmonary Syndrome
7.10.2. Arteriovenous Fistulae

Module 8. Respiratory Disorders During Sleep

8.1. Physiology and Epidemiology

8.1.1. Sleep Disorders Classification
8.1.2. Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
8.1.3. Pathophysiology
8.1.4. Epidemiology
8.1.5. OSA as a Public Health Problem

8.2. Risk Factors for OAS

8.2.1. Age and Sex
8.2.2. Obesity
8.2.3. Menopause
8.2.4. Craneofacial Anatomy and Heredity
8.2.5. Tabacco, Alcohol and Drugs
8.2.6. Supine Position

8.3. OAS and Comorbidities

8.3.1. OAS and Respiratory Diseases
8.3.2. AHT and cardiovascular risk
8.3.3. Endocrine Disorders
8.3.4. Neurological Alterations:
8.3.5. Cancer

8.4. Clinical Manifestations of OSA

8.4.1. Symptoms and Signs
8.4.2. Physical Examination
8.4.3. Complementary Evaluations
8.4.4. Criteria for Referral to the Sleep Unit

8.5. Diagnosis

8.5.1. Medical History
8.5.2. Polysomnography
8.5.3. Respiratory Polygraphy
8.5.4. Simplified Methods
8.5.5. Other Complementary Tests

8.6. Treatment

8.6.1. General Measures
8.6.2. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Treatment
8.6.3. Other Modes of Positive Pressure: BPAP and Servoventilator
8.6.4. Different Positive Pressure Options

8.7. OSA in Special Population Groups

8.7.1. Children and Adults
8.7.2. Elderly People
8.7.3. Women
8.7.4. OSA and Pregnancy

8.8. Central Apnea syndrome

8.8.1. Clinical Manifestations
8.8.2. Diagnosis
8.8.3. Treatment

8.9. Hypoventilation Syndrome

8.9.1. Classification of Alveolar Hypoventilation Syndromes
8.9.2. Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
8.9.3. Idiopathic Central Alveolar Hypoventilation
8.9.4. Congenital Central Alveolar Hypoventilation Syndrome
8.9.5. Hypoventilation During Sleep Related to Medication or Substances
8.9.6. Hypoventilation During Sleep Related to Medical Disorders

8.10. Other Sleep Disorders

8.10.1. Hypersomnias
8.10.2. Parasomnias and Restless Leg Syndrome
8.10.3. Insomnia and Drowsiness

Module 9. Respiratory Failure. Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation. High-flow Oxygen Therapy

9.1. Respiratory Failure

9.1.1. Pathophysiology-Specific (Partial, Global, Postoperative or Hypoperfusion/Shock)

9.1.1.1. According to Time of Onset (Acute, Chronic and Acute Chronic)
9.1.1.2. According to Alveolar-Arterial Gradient (Normal or Elevated)
9.1.1.3. Pathophysiological Mechanisms

9.1.2. Decrease in Oxygen Partial Pressure

9.1.2.1. Presence of a Circuit Breaker or Shunt
9.1.2.2. Ventilation/Perfusion Imbalance (V/Q)
9.1.2.3. Alveolar Hypoventilation
9.1.2.4. Diffusion Alteration

9.2. Diagnosis

9.2.1. Clinical Symptoms
9.2.2. Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Interpretation
9.2.3. Pulse Oximetry
9.2.4. Imaging Tests
9.2.5. Others: Respiratory Function Tests, ECG, Blood Analysis, etc
9.2.6. Etiology of Respiratory Failure
9.2.7. Treatment of Respiratory Failure

9.2.7.1. General Measures
9.2.7.2. Oxygen Therapy, NIMV and HFO (See Next Sections)

9.3. Conventional Oxygen Therapy

9.3.1. Indications of Acute Oxygen Therapy
9.3.2. Indications for Chronic Home Oxygen Therapy
9.3.3. Systems and Sources of Administration
9.3.4. Oxygen Sources
9.3.5. Special Situations: Flights

9.4. Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation (NIMV)

9.4.1. Pathophysiological Effects

9.4.1.1. On the Respiratory System
9.4.1.2. On the Cardiovascular System

9.4.2. Components

9.4.2.1. Interfaces
9.4.2.2. Complications of the Interface: Skin Lesions, Leaks
9.4.2.3. Accessories

9.4.3. Monitoring

9.5. Indications and Contraindications NIMV

9.5.1. In the Acute Phase

9.5.1.1. In Emergency Situations Prior to Concrete Diagnosis
9.5.1.2. Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure (Acute COPD, Decompensation of OHS Patient, Respiratory Center Depression, etc.)
9.5.1.3. De Novo Hypoxemic ARF / ARDS / Immuno-Compromised
9.5.1.4. Neuromuscular Diseases
9.5.1.5. Post-Surgery
9.5.1.6. Weaning and Extubation
9.5.1.7. Patients Ordered Not to Intubate

9.5.2. In the Chronic Phase

9.5.2.1. COPD
9.5.2.2. Restrictive Diseases (Thoracic Wall, Diaphragm, Neuromuscular, etc)
9.5.2.3. Palliative Situation

9.5.3. Contraindications
9.5.4. NIMV Failure

9.6. Basic Concepts of NIMV

9.6.1. Respiratory Parameters of the Ventilator

9.6.1.1. Trigger
9.6.1.2. Cycling
9.6.1.3. Ramp
9.6.1.4. IPAP
9.6.1.5. EPAP
9.6.1.6. Pressure Support
9.6.1.7. PEEP
9.6.1.8. I/E Relationship

9.6.2. Interpretation of Respiratory Curves

9.7. Main Ventilatory Modes

9.7.1. Pressure-Limited

9.7.1.1. Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
9.7.1.2. Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (BiPAP)

9.7.2. Volume-Limited
9.7.3. New Modes: AVAPS, IVAPS, NAVA, Autotrack

9.8. Main Asynchronies

9.8.1. Due to Leakage

9.8.1.1. Autocycled
9.8.1.2. Prolonged Inspiration

9.8.2. Due to Ventilator

9.8.2.1. Short Cycle
9.8.2.2. Double Trigger
9.8.2.3. Ineffective Effort

9.8.3. Due to the Patient

9.8.3.1. AutoPEEP
9.8.3.2. Reverse Trigger

9.9. High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy (HFNCT)

9.9.1. Components
9.9.2. Clinical Effects and Mechanism of Action

9.9.2.1. Improvement in Oxygenation
9.9.2.2. Dead Space Lavage
9.9.2.3. PEEP Effect
9.9.2.4. Reduction in Respiratory Work
9.9.2.5. Hemodynamic Effects
9.9.2.6. Comfort

9.10. Clinical Applications and Contradictions of TAF

9.10.1. Clinical Applications

9.10.1.1. Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure / ARDS / Immunocompromised
9.10.1.2. Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure in COPD
9.10.1.3. Acute Heart Failure and Acute Pulmonary Edema
9.10.1.4. Invasive (Fibrobronchoscopy) and Post-Surgery Procedures
9.10.1.5. Pre-Oxygenation before Intubation and Post-Extubation Respiratory Failure Prevention
9.10.1.6. Patients in a Palliative Situation

9.10.2. Contraindications
9.10.3. Complications

Module 10. Lung Transplant

10.1. Lung Transplant

10.1.1. Historical Recollection
10.1.2. Evolution in Recent Years: Demographic Revision, Analysis by Pathologies and Survival

10.2. Selection of Receptors

10.2.1. Absolute Contra-indications
10.2.2. Relative Contra-indications
10.2.3. Indications for Referral to a Lung Transplant Unit Due to Pathologies

10.2.3.1. Common Interstitial Pneumonia / Non-Specific Interstitial Pneumonia
10.2.3.2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
10.2.3.3. Cystic fibrosis
10.2.3.4. Pulmonary Hypertension

10.2.4. Indications for Referral to a Lung Transplant Unit Due to Pathologies

10.2.4.1. Common Interstitial Pneumonia / Non-Specific Interstitial Pneumonia
10.2.4.2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
10.2.4.3. Cystic fibrosis
10.2.4.4. Pulmonary Hypertension

10.3. Selection of Donor

10.3.1. Brain-Dead Donor
10.3.2. Donor in Asystole
10.3.3. Exvivo Evaluation System

10.4. Surgical Technique

10.4.1. Removal of the Affected Lung
10.4.2. Bench Surgery
10.4.3. Graft Implantation

10.5. Cardio-Respiratory Care

10.5.1. ECMO as a Bridge to a Transplant
10.5.2. Intra-Operative ECMO
10.5.3. Post-Operative Radiotherapy

10.6. Early Complications of Lung Transplants

10.6.1. Hyperacute Rejection
10.6.2. Primary Dysfunction of the Graft
10.6.3. Complications from Surgery
10.6.4. Peri-Operative Infections

10.7. Post-Operative Care

10.7.1. Immunosuppressive Treatments
10.7.2. Infectious Prophylaxis
10.7.3. Monitoring

10.8. Delayed Complications of Lung Transplants

10.8.1. Acute Cellular Rejection (Early or Delayed)
10.8.2. Chronic Dysfunction of the Graft. Chronic Lung Allograf Disfunction (CLAD)

10.8.2.1. Types
10.8.2.2. Treatment

10.8.3. Tumours

10.8.3.1. Cutaneous Tumors
10.8.3.2. Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Syndrome
10.8.3.3. Solid Tumors
10.8.3.4. Kaposi's Sarcoma

10.8.4. Infections
10.8.5. Other Frequent Complications

10.8.5.1. Diabetes Mellitus
10.8.5.2. Hyperlipidemia
10.8.5.3. Arterial Hypertension
10.8.5.4. Acute and Chronic Kidney Failure

10.9. Quality of Life and Suffering

10.9.1. Quality of Life Analysis
10.9.2. Survival Rate; Evaluation of Subgroups

10.10. Re-Transplant

10.10.1. Indications and Limitations
10.10.2. Survival and Quality of Life  

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