Get up to date on the latest trends in the management of severely poisoned patients through this very complete Hybrid professional master’s degree"

Scientific research has recently focused on the search for faster and more accurate therapeutic strategies against poisonings caused by chemical substances, cleaning products or animal bites and scratches. As a result of these innovations, the methodologies used in emergency units to treat patients with these conditions have been considerably enriched. In particular, specific strategies have emerged for the abusive use of non-prescribed drugs and medications. Also, for indiscriminate contact with solvents, heavy metals and pesticides. At the same time, specialists are not properly
up-to-date on all these developments. The latter hinders their work and prevents them from offering patients the best possible therapeutic care. 

To counteract this reality, TECH has opted for an academic approach, pioneering in its type, with two distinct stages. In the first phase, the physician will be introduced to the advances in Emergency Toxicology in a theoretical way. For this phase, this Hybrid professional master’s degree has a 100% online and interactive platform where the contents will be accessible from the first day of classes and with the help of any device connected to the Internet. At the same time, to reinforce the assimilation of knowledge, the program is supported by modern teaching methods such as Relearning and multimedia resources such as infographics, videos and interactive summaries. 

After this learning period, the specialist will be able to participate in an exhaustive and intensive clinical practice. Through it, you will have access to a prestigious hospital center that fits your geographical location and you will be able to apply the knowledge acquired during the previous educational moment directly on real patients. The stay, face-to-face and immersive, will last for 3 weeks, in 8-hour consecutive days, from Monday to Friday. During this time, you will work alongside experts with extensive experience, discussingthe most recent management of the specialty with them. In addition, an assistant tutor will closely monitor your progress and incorporate new dynamic tasks into the professional preparation process.  

This program is of vital importance for you to be up to date on how to correctly assess the state of poisoning of a pregnant woman"

This Hybrid professional master’s degree in Emergency Toxicology contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important  features include: 

• Development of more than 100 clinical cases presented by medical professionals experts in Emergency Toxicology
• Its graphic, schematic and eminently practical contents, which are conceived to provide scientific and assistance information on those medical disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Comprehensive systematized action plans for the main toxicological pathologies in the emergency department
• Presentation of practical workshops on procedures diagnosis, and treatment techniques
• An algorithm-based interactive learning system for decision-making in the clinical situations presented throughout the course
• Practical clinical guides on approaching different pathologies
• All of this will be complemented by theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection
• Furthermore, you will be able to carry out a clinical internship in one of the best hospital centers

The face-to-face and intensive practice of this degree will open the doors of a prestigious center, with the optimal tools to approach Emergency Toxicology with the utmost excellence"

In this proposal for a Master's Degree, of a professionalizing nature and blended learning modality, the program is aimed at updating professional experts in Cancer who develop their functions in specialized Units, and who require a high level of qualification. The contents are based on the latest scientific evidence, and oriented in a didactic way to integrate theoretical knowledge into medical practice, and the theoretical-practical elements will facilitate the updating of knowledge and allow decision making in patient management. 

Thanks to its multimedia content put together with the latest educational technology, they will allow the medical professional to obtain situated and contextual learning, that is to say, a simulated environment that will provide immersive learning programmed to train in real situations. This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this purpose, the students will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.

Under the guidance and supervision of an assistant tutor, you will add to your professional practice the latest therapeutic trends for the management of patients with severe heavy metal poisoning"

Enroll in this Hybrid professional master’s degree and you will learn in situ how to define the toxicological mechanisms in the male and female genitourinary system"

The syllabus of this degree includes the most updated contents for the management of poisoning in emergency units. Through the study of its academic modules, the specialist will be updated on the neurological, renal and gastrointestinal disorders that may result from the inadequate absorption of chemical substances or pharmacological products. Also, it addresses the most accurate therapeutic action protocols, according to the health status of each person and paying special attention to specific groups such as pregnant women, children and the elderly. At the same time, in order to achieve an update of maximum rigor, the degree is supported by methods of great didactic value such as Relearning.

100% online and interactive: this is the TECH platform where you will find the contents of this blended Master"

Module 1. Introduction

1.1. Introduction 
1.2. Basic Concepts of Toxicology 

1.2.1. Concepts of Toxicology, Intoxication, Toxicants and Toxicity 
1.2.2. Clinical Toxicology 

1.2.2.1. Types of Toxicity 
1.2.2.2. Types of Intoxication 
1.2.2.3. Dose-Response 
1.2.2.4. Causes of Intoxication 
1.2.2.5. Toxicity Mechanisms 

1.2.2.5.1. Toxicokinetics 
1.2.2.5.2. Toxicodynamics 

1.3. Toxicology in its Historical Context 

1.3.1. The Use of Poisons in the Bronze Age 
1.3.2. Poisoning in Ancient Times 
1.3.3. The Middle Ages 
1.3.4. The Modern Age 
1.3.5. Contemporary Era 

1.4. Chemistry as a Weapon: The History of Criminal Toxicology 
1.5. Radiation as a Crime

Module 2. Assessment of the Poisoned Patient

2.1. Introduction to the Module

2.1.1. Medical History

2.1.1.1. Medical History
2.1.1.2. Physical Examination
2.1.1.3. Complementary Evaluations

2.1.2. Toxic Syndromes

2.1.2.1. Sympathomimetics
2.1.2.2. Cholinergic Drugs
2.1.2.3. Anticholinergics
2.1.2.4. Serotonergic Drugs
2.1.2.5. Opioids
2.1.2.6. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs
2.1.2.7. Hallucinatory Drugs

2.1.3.  Metabolic Acidosis in Toxicology
2.1.4. Diagnosis of Suspected Poisoning and Diagnostic Hypotheses
2.1.5. Conclusions and Key Points

2.2. Initial Assessment of Patients Suffering from Intoxication

2.2.1. Preliminary

2.2.1.1. Introduction
2.2.1.2. Index
2.2.1.3. Objectives

2.2.2. Hepatic Toxicology
2.2.3. Renal Toxicology
2.2.4. Hematological Toxicity
2.2.5. Neurological and Psychiatric Toxicology
2.2.6. Conclusions and Key Points
2.2.7. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Toxicology

2.3. Toxic Organ Involvement 

2.3.1. Preliminary 

2.3.1.1. Introduction 
2.3.1.2. Index 
2.3.1.3. Objectives 

2.3.2. Reproductive and Perinatal Toxicology 
2.3.3. Neonatal and Pediatric Toxicology 
2.3.4. Geriatric Toxicology

2.4. Group Toxicology

Module 3. Therapeutic Management of Poisoned Patients: Life Support

3.1. A Complete Overview of Poisoning Treatment
3.2. Life Support for Poisoned Patients: Cardiopulmonary Arrest

3.2.1. The Fundamental Pillars of Life Support in Cardiopulmonary Arrest
3.2.2. Respiratory Arrest and Ventilatory Support
3.2.3. Cardiorespiratory Arrest in Poisoned Patients
3.2.4. Conclusions and Key Points

3.3. Acute Respiratory Failure in Poisoned Patients and Therapeutic Management

3.3.1. Preliminary
3.3.2. Acute Respiratory Failure due to Airway Obstruction
3.3.3. Acute Respiratory Failure due to Hypoventilation
3.3.4. Acute Respiratory Failure due to Decrease in Inspiratory Oxygen Fraction
3.3.5. Acute Respiratory Failure due to Alveolocapillary Diffusion Impairment
3.3.6. Acute Respiratory Failure due to Altered Oxygen Transport or Tissue Oxygen Utilization
3.3.7. Acute Mixed Respiratory Failure
3.3.8. Conclusions and Key Points

3.4. Hemodynamic Stability and Instability in Poisoned Patients

3.4.1. Shock and its Different Types in Poisoned Patients
3.4.2. Therapeutic Management of Shock in Poisoned Patients
3.4.3. Hypotension and Hypertension in Poisoned Patients
3.4.4. Cardiac Arrhythmias in Acute Poisoning
3.4.5. Acute Coronary Syndrome in Poisoned Patients
3.4.6. Conclusions and Key Points

3.5. Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Poisoning

3.5.1. Disorders of Consciousness Toxic Coma
3.5.2. Seizures.
3.5.3. Behavioral Disorder. Agitated Patient Management

3.5.3.1. Etiology of Psychomotor Agitation. Toxicology-Related Causes
3.5.3.2. Protective Measures for Healthcare Personnel
3.5.3.3. Verbal, Mechanical and Pharmacological Restraint Measures

3.5.4. Conclusions and Key Points

Module 4. Therapeutic Management of Poisoned Patients: Specific Treatment

4.1. The Three Phases of the Specific Treatment of Poisoning
4.2. Decrease Toxin Absorption

4.2.1. Digestive Decontamination:

4.2.1.1. Emetics
4.2.1.2. Gastric lavage
4.2.1.3. Activated Carbon
4.2.1.4. Cathartics
4.2.1.5. Whole Bowel Irrigation

4.2.2. Skin Decontamination
4.2.3. Ocular Decontamination
4.2.4. Prevention of Parenteral Absorption
4.2.5. Prevention of Pulmonary Absorption
4.2.6. Endoscopy and Surgery
4.2.7. Dilution
4.2.8. Conclusions and Key Points

4.3. Increasing Toxicant Elimination

4.3.1. Kidney Cleanse

4.3.1.1. Forced Diuresis
4.3.1.2. Alkaline Diuresis

4.3.2. Extrarenal Purification

4.3.2.1. Dialysis
4.3.2.2. Hemoperfusion, Hemofiltration, Hemodiafiltration
4.3.2.3. Plasmapheresis and Exchange Transfusion
4.3.2.4. Conclusions and Key Points

4.4. Antidotes
4.4.1. Main Antidotes

4.4.1.1. Indications, Contraindications, Side Effects and Precautions
4.4.1.2. Dose

4.4.2. Minimum Stock of Antidotes Depending on the Type of Hospital or Health Center
4.4.3. Conclusions and Key Points

4.5. Antidotes

4.5.1. Nasogastric or Orogastric Tube Placement Technique , and Gastric Lavage
4.5.2. Skin and Ocular Decontamination Techniques

Module 5. Therapeutic Management of  Poisoned Patients: Additional Aspects

5.1. General Outline of Additional Aspects to Consider
5.2. The Suicidal Patient and Toxicology. Psychiatric Assessment

5.2.1. Introduction
5.2.2. Risk Factors for Self-Harming Behavior
5.2.3. Determining the Severity of Self-Harm Attempts
5.2.4. Suicidal Patient Management
5.2.5. Conclusions and Key Points

5.3. Medical and Legal Aspects of Toxicological Care

5.3.1. Introduction
5.3.2. Report to the Court
5.3.3. Medical and Legal Autopsy
5.3.4. Sampling of the Patient Corpse
5.3.5. Informed Consent and Voluntary Discharge of the Poisoned Patient
5.3.6. The Extraction of Blood Samples for Toxicological Studies in the Emergency Room
5.3.7. Conclusions and Key Points

5.4. Protective Measures for Healthcare Personnel

5.4.1. Introduction
5.4.2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
5.4.3. Poison Prevention Measures for Healthcare Personnel
5.4.4. Conclusions and Key Points

5.5. General Criteria for Admission to an Intensive Care Unit

5.5.1. Introduction
5.5.2. Criteria Table
5.5.3. Conclusions and Key Points

5.6. Toxicant-Induced Rhabdomyolysis

5.6.1. Introduction
5.6.2. Definition and Pathophysiology
5.6.3. General Etiology and Toxicological Causes of Rhabdomyolysis
5.6.4. Clinical Manifestations, Laboratory Tests and Complications
5.6.5. Treatment
5.6.6. Conclusions and Key Points

5.7. Toxicant-Induced Methemoglobinemia

5.7.1. Introduction
5.7.2. Pathophysiology
5.7.3. Etiology of Methemoglobinemia
5.7.4. Clinical Manifestations
5.7.5. Suspected, Differential and Confirmatory Diagnosis
5.7.6. Treatment

5.8. Hypersensitivity and Anaphylaxis Secondary to Poisonings by Animal Stings or Bites

5.8.1. Introduction
5.8.2. Etiology
5.8.3. Hypersensitivity Types
5.8.4. Clinical Manifestations
5.8.5. Diagnosis
5.8.6. Treatment Management
5.8.7. Conclusions and Key Points

5.9. Emergencies Associated with Psychotropic Drugs

5.9.1. Introduction
5.9.2. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome.

5.9.2.1. Definition and Risk Factors
5.9.2.2. Clinical Manifestations and Differential Diagnosis
5.9.2.3. Treatment

5.9.3. Serotonin Syndrome

5.9.3.1. Causes
5.9.3.2. Clinical Manifestations and Differential Diagnosis
5.9.3.3. Treatment

5.9.4. Acute Dystonia
5.9.5. Drug-Induced Parkinsonism
5.9.6. Conclusions and Key Points

Module 6. Toxicology of Drugs of Abuse

6.1. Drug Addiction, Intoxication, Withdrawal Syndromes, Sexual Offenses, Drug Traffickers, Reinsertion
6.2. Epidemiology of Drugs of Abuse
6.3. CNS Depressant Poisoning

6.3.1. Preliminary

6.3.1.1. Introduction
6.3.1.2. Index
6.3.1.3. Objectives

6.3.1.3.1. Opiates (Heroin; Methadone; Oxycodone)
6.3.1.3.2. Alcohol Poisoning
6.3.1.3.3. Volatile Inhalable Substances
6.3.1.3.4. Conclusions and Key Points

6.4. Psychostimulant Poisoning

6.4.1. Preliminary

6.4.1.1. Introduction
6.4.1.2. Index
6.4.1.3. Objectives

6.4.1.3.1. Cocaine.
6.4.1.3.2. Amphetamines
6.4.1.3.3. Others (Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine, Khat, Energy Drinks, Guarana)
6.4.1.3.4. Conclusions and Key Points

6.5. Hallucinogen Poisoning

6.5.1. Hallucinogenic Mushrooms (LSD, Amanita Muscaria, Psilocybe)
6.5.2. Hallucinogenic Plants

6.5.2.1. Cannabis
6.5.2.2. Mescaline
6.5.2.3. Stramonium
6.5.2.4. Belladonna
6.5.2.5. Scopolamine (Burundanga)
6.5.2.6. Vegetable Ecstasy

6.5.3. DMT and AMT
6.5.4. Dextromethorphan
6.5.5. Conclusions and Key Points

6.6. Poisoning by Synthetic Drugs

6.6.1. Synthetic Opiates (Fentanyl and Meperidine Derivatives)
6.6.2. Dissociative

6.6.2.1. Phencyclidine and Ketamine

6.6.3. Methaqualone Derivatives
6.6.4. Synthetic Phenylethylamines

6.6.4.1. DOM, BOB, 2C-B, MDA
6.6.4.2. Ecstasy (MDMA)
6.6.4.3. Liquid Ecstasy (GHB)
6.6.4.4. Conclusions and Key Points

6.7. Psychosocial Component of Drugs of Abuse
6.8. Sex and Drugs: Chemsex (Chemical Sex)

6.8.1. What is meant by Chemsex?
6.8.2. Historical Background and Epidemiologic Profile of Consumers
6.8.3. Risks Associated with the Practice of Chemsex
6.8.4. Most Commonly Used Drugs
6.8.5. Conclusions and Key Points

6.9. Language and Drugs

6.9.1. A Language that Emergency Physicians Must Know
6.9.2. Drug Slang
6.9.3. The Slang of Drugs of Abuse
6.9.4. Conclusions and Key Points

6.10. A Society Besieged by Drugs

6.10.1. Introduction
6.10.2. The "Botellón" a Toxic Social Phenomenon
6.10.3. Electronic Parties and Drugs of Abuse
6.10.4. The “Jarra Loca”
6.10.5. Conclusions and Key Points

6.11. Body packers y Body Stuffers in urgencies

6.11.1. Definition
6.11.2. Clinical Manifestations
6.11.3. Diagnosis
6.11.4. Treatment Management
6.11.5. Conclusions and Key Points

6.12. Chemical Submission

6.12.1. Concept
6.12.2. Epidemiology
6.12.3. Keys to Diagnosis
6.12.4. Crimes Related to Chemical Submission
6.12.5. Drugs Most Commonly Used in Chemical Submission
6.12.6. Conclusions and Key Points

6.13. Withdrawal Syndromes

6.13.1. Introduction and Objectives
6.13.2. Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

6.13.2.1. Concept
6.13.2.2. Clinical Manifestations and Criteria Diagnosis
6.13.2.3. Delirium Tremens
6.13.2.4. Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome Treatment
6.13.2.5. Conclusions and Key Points

6.13.3. Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome

6.13.3.1. Concept
6.13.3.2. Opioid Dependence and Tolerance
6.13.3.3. Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of the Withdrawal Syndrome
6.13.3.4. Treatment of Drug Addicts with Withdrawal Syndrome

6.13.4. Detoxification Treatment
6.13.5. Conclusions and Key Points

6.14. Addictive Behavior Unit

Module 7. Toxicology and Pharmacology

7.1. Poisoning by Analgesics and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs

7.1.1. Preliminary

7.1.1.1. Introduction
7.1.1.2. Index
7.1.1.3. Objectives

7.1.2. Paracetamol
7.1.3. NSAIDs
7.1.4. Salicylates
7.1.5. Colchicine
7.1.6. Conclusions and Key Points

7.2. Psychotropic Drug Poisoning

7.2.1. Preliminary

7.2.1.1. Introduction
7.2.1.2. Index
7.2.1.3. Objectives

7.2.2. Antidepressants

7.2.2.1. Tricyclics
7.2.2.2. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
7.2.2.3. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)

7.2.3. Lithium
7.2.4. Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs

7.2.4.1. Benzodiazepines
7.2.4.2. Barbiturates
7.2.4.3. Non-Benzodiazepine and Non-Barbiturate Sedative-Hypnotic Drugs

7.2.5. Antipsychotics
7.2.6. Anticonvulsants
7.2.7. Conclusions and Key Points

7.3. Antiarrhythmic and Antihypertensive Drug Poisoning

7.3.1. Preliminary

7.3.1.1. Introduction
7.3.1.2. Index
7.3.1.3. Objectives

7.3.2. Digoxin
7.3.3. Beta-Blockers
7.3.4. Calcium Antagonists
7.3.5. Conclusions and Key Points

7.4. Poisoning by Other Drugs

7.4.1. Preliminary

7.4.1.1. Introduction
7.4.1.2. Index
7.4.1.3. Objectives

7.4.2. Antihistamines
7.4.3. Anticoagulants
7.4.4. Metoclopramide
7.4.5. Hypoglycemics
7.4.6. Conclusions and Key Points

Module 8. Industrial Poisoning from Fumes

8.1. Effect of Different Types of Gases on the Respiratory System
8.2. Poisoning due to Inhalation of Fumes

8.2.1. Preliminary

8.2.1.1. Introduction
8.2.1.2. Index
8.2.1.3. Objective

8.2.2. Mechanisms of Toxicity Production and Airway Damage
8.2.3. Clinical Manifestations
8.2.4. Medical History, Examination and Suspected Diagnosis
8.2.5. Treatment Management
8.2.6. Conclusions and Key Points

8.3. Irritant Fume Poisoning

8.3.1. Preliminary

8.3.1.1. Introduction
8.3.1.2. Index
8.3.1.3. Objective

8.3.2. Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning

8.3.2.1. Sources of Exposure
8.3.2.2. Toxicokinetics and Pathophysiology
8.3.2.3. Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
8.3.2.4. Treatment

8.3.3. Fluorine Derivative Poisoning

8.3.3.1. Sources of Exposure
8.3.3.2. Pathophysiology
8.3.3.3. Clinical Manifestations
8.3.3.4. Diagnosis and Treatment

8.3.4. Chlorine Derivative Poisoning

8.3.4.1. General Aspects of Poisoning

8.3.5. Nitrogen Derivative Poisoning

8.3.5.1. Ammonia Poisoning
8.3.5.2. Other Intoxications

8.4. Poisoning by Asphyxiating Fumes: Carbon Monoxide

8.4.1. Preliminary

8.4.1.1. Introduction
8.4.1.2. Index
8.4.1.3. Objective

8.4.2. Definition and Causes of Carbon Monoxide Hazards
8.4.3. Epidemiology of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Known and a Hidden Epidemiology
8.4.4. Sources of Carbon Monoxide Exposure and Medical and Legal Causes of Poisoning
8.4.5. Pathophysiology of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
8.4.6. Clinical Manifestations
8.4.7. Diagnosis of Suspicion and Diagnostic Confirmation. Pulse Oximetry in the Prehospital Setting
8.4.8. Poisoning Severity Criteria
8.4.9. Treatment of Poisoning
8.4.10. Observation, Admission and Discharge Criteria
8.4.11. Conclusions and Key Points

8.5. Chemical Asphyxia: Cyanide

8.5.1. Preliminary

8.5.1.1. Introduction
8.5.1.2. Index
8.5.1.3. Objective

8.5.2. Sources of Exposure
8.5.3. Toxicokinetics and Pathophysiology
8.5.4. Clinical Manifestations, Suspicion and Confirmation Diagnosis
8.5.5. Treatment
8.5.6. Conclusions and Key Points

Module 9. Industrial Poisoning by Solvents 

9.1. Introduction to the Module
9.2. Hydrocarbon Poisoning

9.2.1. Preliminary

9.2.1.1. Introduction
9.2.1.2. Index
9.2.1.3. Objective

9.2.2. Aliphatic or Linear

9.2.2.1. Short Chain Hydrocarbons: Butane, Propane, Ethane and Methane 
9.2.2.2. Long-Chain Hydrocarbons: Pentanes, Hexanes, Heptanes and Octanes 
9.2.2.3. Petroleum Distillates: Gasoline, Kerosene, and Others 
9.2.2.4. Halogenated Products 
9.2.2.5. Carbon Tetrachloride 
9.2.2.6. Chloroform 
9.2.2.7. Dichloromethane 
9.2.2.8. Trichloroethylene 
9.2.2.9. Tetrachloroethylene 
9.2.2.10. Trichloroethane

9.2.3. Aromatic or Cyclic

 9.2.3.1. Benzene 
 9.2.3.2. Toluene 
 9.2.3.3. Conclusions and Key Points

9.3. Aliphatic Alcohols Poisoning

9.3.1. Preliminary

9.3.1.1. Introduction 
9.3.1.2. Index 
9.3.1.3. Objective

9.3.2. Methyl Alcohol 
9.3.3. Isopropyl Alcohol 
9.3.4. Conclusions and Key Points

9.4. Glycol Poisoning 

9.4.1. Preliminary

9.4.1.1. Introduction 
9.4.1.2. Index 
9.4.1.3. Objective 

9.4.2. Ethylene Glycol 
9.4.3. Diethylene Glycol 
9.4.4. Propylene Glycol 
9.4.5. Conclusions and Key Points 

9.5. Nitrogen Derivative Poisoning 

9.5.1. Preliminary 

9.5.1.1. Introduction 
9.5.1.2. Index 
9.5.1.3. Objective 

9.5.2. Aniline 
9.5.3. Toluidine 
9.5.4. Nitrobenzene 
9.5.5. Conclusions and Key Points 

9.6. Acetone Poisoning 

9.6.1. Preliminary 

9.6.1.1. Introduction 
9.6.1.2. Index 
9.6.1.3. Objective 

9.6.2. Conclusions and Key Points 

Module 10. Industrial Poisoning by Heavy Metal

10.1. Introduction: General Aspects of Heavy Metals and their Main Chelating Agents
10.2. Iron Poisoning

10.2.1. Definition, General Aspects 
10.2.2. Sources of Exposure 
10.2.3. Toxicokinetics and Mechanism of Action 
10.2.4. Clinical Manifestations 
10.2.5. Diagnosis 
10.2.6. Treatment 
10.2.7. Conclusions and Key Points

10.3. Phosphorus Poisoning

10.3.1. Definition, General Aspects 
10.3.2. Sources of Exposure 
10.3.3. Toxicokinetics and Mechanism of Action 
10.3.4. Clinical Manifestations 
10.3.5. Diagnosis 
10.3.6. Treatment 
10.3.7. Conclusions and Key Points

10.4. Lead Poisoning

10.4.1. Definition, General Aspects 
10.4.2. Sources of Exposure 
10.4.3. Toxicokinetics and Mechanism of Action 
10.4.4. Clinical Manifestations 
10.4.5. Diagnosis 
10.4.6. Treatment 
10.4.7. Conclusions and Key Points 

10.5. Mercury Poisoning

10.5.1. Definition, General Aspects
10.5.2. Sources of Exposure
10.5.3. Toxicokinetics and Mechanism of Action
10.5.4. Clinical Manifestations
10.5.5. Diagnosis
10.5.6. Treatment
10.5.7. Conclusions and Key Points

10.6. Arsenic Poisoning

10.6.1. Definition, General Aspects
10.6.2. Sources of Exposure
10.6.3. Toxicokinetics and Mechanism of Action
10.6.4. Clinical Manifestations
10.6.5. Diagnosis
10.6.6. Treatment
10.6.7. Conclusions and Key Points

10.7. Cadmium Poisoning 

10.7.1. Definition, General Aspects
10.7.2. Sources of Exposure
10.7.3. Toxicokinetics and Mechanism of Action
10.7.4. Clinical Manifestations
10.7.5. Diagnosis
10.7.6. Treatment
10.7.7. Conclusions and Key Points

Module 11. Pesticide or Phytosanitary Product Poisoning in Rural Areas

11.1. Introduction to the Module: General Aspects of Pesticide Poisoning

11.1.1. Concept of Pesticides 
11.1.2. Classification of Pesticides 
11.1.3. Preventive and Protective Measures for Workers 
11.1.4. First Aid at the Poisoning Site 

11.2. Poisoning by Insecticides and Fungicides 

11.2.1. Preliminary 

11.2.1.1. Introduction 
11.2.1.2. Index 
11.2.1.3. Objective 

11.2.2. Organochlorines 
11.2.3. Organophosphates 
11.2.4. Carbamates 
11.2.5. Pyrethroids 
11.2.6. Conclusions and Key Points 

11.3. Herbicide Poisoning 

11.3.1. Preliminary 

11.3.1.1. Introduction 
11.3.1.2. Index 
11.3.1.3. Objective 

11.3.2. Diquat 
11.3.3. Paraquat 
11.3.4. Conclusions and Key Points 

11.4. Fungicide Poisoning 

11.4.1. Conclusions and Key Points 

11.5. Rodenticide Poisoning 

11.5.1. Conclusions and Key Points 

Module 12. Household Poisoning from Cleaning Products, Personal Hygiene Products and Caustic Poisons

12.1. Introduction to the Module
12.2. Poisoning from Cleaning, Personal Hygiene and Cosmetic Products 

12.2.1. Classification According to Toxicity 
12.2.2. Specific Poisonings 

12.2.2.1. Soaps and Shampoos 
12.2.2.2. Nail Polish and Nail Polish Remover 
12.2.2.3. Hair Substances: Hair Dyes, Hairsprays, Hair Softeners, etc. 
12.2.2.4. Others 

12.2.3. General Therapeutic Measures and Controversies 
12.2.4. Conclusions and Key Points 

12.3. Caustic Poisoning 

12.3.1. Introduction 
12.3.2. Main Caustic Substances 
12.3.3. Pathophysiology 
12.3.4. Clinical Symptoms 
12.3.5. Diagnosis 
12.3.6. Acute and Late Complications 
12.3.7. Treatment and Attitude to be Followed 
12.3.8. Conclusions and Key Points

Module 13. Poisoning from Natural Agents: Plants, Mushrooms and Animals

13.1. Plant Poisoning

13.1.1. Classification According to Target Organ, Apparatus or System

 13.1.1.1. Gastrointestinal 
 13.1.1.2. Cardiovascular 
 13.1.1.3. Central Nervous System 
 13.1.1.4. Others

13.1.2. Conclusions and Key Points

13.2. Mushroom Poisoning

13.2.1. Epidemiology of Mushroom Poisoning 
13.2.2. Pathophysiology 
13.2.3. The Clinical History as a Fundamental Element for Diagnosis 
13.2.4. Classification According to the Latency Period of Onset of Clinical Manifestations and Clinical Syndromes 

 13.2.4.1. Short Latency Syndromes 

 13.2.4.1.1. Acute Mushroom Gastroenteritis (Gastroenteritic, Resinoid or Lividian Syndrome) 
 13.2.4.1.2. Intolerance Syndrome 
 13.2.4.1.3. Delirium Syndrome (Mycoatropinic or Anticholinergic) 
 13.2.4.1.4. Muscarinic Syndrome (Mycocholinergic or Sweat Syndrome) 
 13.2.4.1.5. Hallucinatory Syndrome (Psychotropic or Narcotic) 
 13.2.4.1.6. Nitritoid Syndrome (Coprinic or Antabus Effect Syndrome) 
 13.2.4.1.7. Hemolytic Syndrome 

 13.2.4.2. Long-Latency Syndromes 

13.2.4.2.1. Giromitrile Syndrome (Ogiromitrile) 
13.2.4.2.2. Orellanic Syndrome (Cortinaric or Nephrotoxic) 
13.2.4.2.3. Phalloid, Hepatotoxic or Cyclopeptide Syndrome 

13.2.4.2.3.1. Etiology 
13.2.4.2.3.2. Pathophysiology and Toxicokinetics 
13.2.4.2.3.3. Clinical Symptoms 
13.2.4.2.3.4. Diagnosis 
13.2.4.2.3.5. Treatment 
13.2.4.2.3.6. Prognosis 

 13.2.4.3. New Syndromes 

13.2.4.3.1. Proximal Syndrome 
13.2.4.3.2. Erythromelalgia or Achromelalgia 
13.2.4.3.3. Rhabdomyolysis 
13.2.4.3.4. Hemorrhagic Syndrome (or Szechwan's Syndrome) 
13.2.4.3.5. Neurotoxic Poisoning 
13.2.4.3.6. Encephalopathy 

 13.2.4.4. Conclusions and Key Points 

13.3. Animal Poisoning: Snakes 

13.3.1. Preliminary 

 13.3.1.1. Introduction 
 13.3.1.2. Index 
 13.3.1.3. Objectives 

13.3.2. Epidemiology of Snake Bites 
13.3.3. Classification of Snakes 
13.3.4. Differences between Vipers and Snakes 
13.3.5. The Poison Apparatus of Snakes 
13.3.6. The Effect of Snake Venoms on Humans 
13.3.7. Clinical Symptoms 

 13.3.7.1. Clinical Syndromes 

  13.3.7.1.1. Neurological Syndrome 
  13.3.7.1.2. Hemotoxic-Cytotoxic Syndrome 
  13.3.7.1.3. Cardiotoxic and Myotoxic Syndromes 
  13.3.7.1.4. Hypersensitivity Syndromes 

13.3.7.2. Clinical Grading of the Intensity of the Poisoning 

13.3.8. Treatment 

13.3.8.1. Symptoms 
13.3.8.2. Specific 

13.3.9. Conclusions and Key Points 

13.4. Animal Bites: Mammals 

13.4.1. Preliminary 

13.4.1.1. Introduction 
13.4.1.2. Index 
13.4.1.3. Objectives 

13.4.2. Epidemiological Aspects 
13.4.3. Clinical-Diagnostic Aspects 
13.4.4. Therapeutic Aspects 

 13.4.4.1. Initial Management 
 13.4.4.2. Surgical Address: Suture 
 13.4.4.3. Antibiotic Prophylaxis 
 13.4.4.4. Tetanus Prophylaxis 
 13.4.4.5. Rabies Prophylaxis 
 13.4.4.6. Antiviral Prophylaxis: Anti-Hepatitis B and Anti-HIV 

13.4.5. Conclusions and Key Points 

13.5. Marine Animals 

13.5.1. Fish Poisoning 

13.5.1.1. Stonefish 
13.5.1.2. Viperfish 
13.5.1.3. Stingray 

13.5.2. Food Poisoning from Fish and Shellfish 

13.5.2.1. Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning 
13.5.2.2. Scombroidosis. Histamine Poisoning 
13.5.2.3. Pufferfish Poisoning 

13.5.3. Coelenterate Poisoning 

13.5.3.1. Jellyfish Stings 
13.5.3.2. Physalia Physalis or the Portuguese Man o’ War Sting 
13.5.3.3. Treatment 

13.5.4. Conclusions and Key Points 

13.6. Invertebrates 

13.6.1. Preliminary 

 13.6.1.1. Introduction 
 13.6.1.2. Index 
 13.6.1.3. Objectives 

13.6.2. Insects: Wasps, Bees and Bumblebees 
13.6.3. Arachnids 

13.6.3.1. Spiders 
13.6.3.2. Scorpions 
13.6.3.3. Ticks 

13.6.4. Conclusions and Key Points 

Complete the theoretical phase of this program on an individualized basis, without worrying about pre-established schedules or restrictive evaluation timetables"