Don't miss the opportunity to become specialized under the guidance of elite professionals and incorporate the latest surgical techniques into your daily practice"

This training program is the best option you can find to specialize in Veterinary Surgery in Small Animals and make more accurate diagnoses"

Veterinarians face new challenges every day in treating their patients. Advances in this field bring with them new tools with which to diagnose and make the most accurate treatments, so it is necessary that professionals are trained with programs like this one. 

Today we know that the future of veterinary medicine is specialization, so with this Professional master’s degree, we help you to continue growing, guaranteeing you an exciting future in the world of small animal surgery. It is a very practical and accessible training program for any veterinarian who wants to direct their professional career by specializing in this branch of veterinary surgery. 

This is a comprehensive training program that covers any surgery required by small animals, in addition to an anatomical reminder of the different regions and organs of small animals. 

After completing this Professional master’s degree, the student will have the knowledge to tackle any surgery that may arise. They will know from the first moment everything that a surgery entails, from the specific material and instruments for each region or surgery, anesthetics and medications used, to the most specific details that make a surgery a success. 
Throughout this course, the student will learn about all the current approaches to the different challenges posed by his or her profession. A high-level step that will become a process of improvement, not only on a professional level, but also on a personal level. Additionally, at TECH we have a social commitment: to help highly qualified professionals to specialize and to develop their personal, social and professional skills throughout the course of their studies.  

We will not only take you through the theoretical knowledge we offer, but we will introduce you to another way of studying and learning, one which is simpler, more organic, and efficient. We will work to keep you motivated and to develop your passion for learning, helping you to think and develop critical thinking skills. And we will push you to think and develop critical thinking 

Don’t miss the opportunity to study this Professional master’s degree in Veterinary Surgery in Small Animals with us” It's the perfect opportunity to advance your career"

This Professional master’s degree in Veterinary Surgery in Small Animals contains the most complete and up-to-date educational program on the market. The most important features of the program include: 

• Development of practical cases presented by experts in Veterinary Surgery in Small Animals  
• The graphic, schematic, and eminently practical contents with which they are created provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice 
• Latest developments in Veterinary Surgery in Small Animals
• Practical exercises where the self-assessment process can be carried out to improve learning
• Special emphasis on innovative methodologies in Veterinary Surgery in Small Animals
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

This Professional master’s degree is the best investment you can make when choosing a refresher program to expand your existing knowledge Veterinary Surgery in Small Animals” 

The teaching staff includes professionals from the field of Veterinary Surgery, who bring their experience to this training program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities. 

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive training programmed to train in real situations. 

This program is designed around Problem Based Learning, whereby the specialist must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the academic year. For this, the professional will have the help of an innovative interactive video system made by recognized experts in Veterinary Surgery, and with great experience.

This training is unique due to the quality of its innovative contents and its excellent teaching staff"

This specialization has the best teaching material and the most innovative educational methodology, relearning, which will allow you to assimilate the contents more quickly and efficiently"

The structure of the content has been designed by leading professionals in the Veterinary Surgery sector, with extensive experience and recognized prestige in the profession, backed by the volume of cases reviewed, studied, and diagnosed, and with extensive knowledge of new technologies applied to Veterinary.

This Professional master’s degree in Veterinary Surgery in Small Animals contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market”

Module 1. Basic Principles of Soft Tissue Surgery. Medical-surgical Techniques. Exploratory Laparotomy

1.1. Principles of Asepsis and Sterilization

1.1.1. Definition of the Concepts of Asepsis, Antisepsis and Sterilization
1.1.2. Main Methods for Disinfection
1.1.3. Main Methods for Sterilization

1.2. The Operating Room

1.2.1. Preparation of Surgical Personnel
1.2.2. Hand Washing
1.2.3. clothing
1.2.4. Preparation of the Operating Environment
1.2.5. Sterilization Maintenance

1.3. Instruments

1.3.1. General Materials
1.3.2. Specific Materials

1.4. Hemostasis. Sutures.    Alternative Hemostasis Methods

1.4.1. Hemostasis Physiopathology
1.4.2. Suture Features
1.4.3. Suture Materials
1.4.4. Suture Patterns
1.4.5. Alternative Techniques of Hemostatis

1.5. Surgical Site Infection (SSI)

1.5.1. Nosocomial Infections
1.5.2. Definition of ISQ. Types of ISQ
1.5.3. Types of Surgery
1.5.4. Risk factors
1.5.5. Treatment of SSI
1.5.6. Use of Antimicrobials
1.5.7. Precautions to Avoid SSI

1.6. Surgical Defects.    Bandages and Drainage

1.6.1. Use of Cutting Instruments
1.6.2. Use of Gripping Instruments
1.6.3. Use of Retractors
1.6.4. Aspiration
1.6.5. Bandages
1.6.6. Drainages

1.7. Electrosurgery and Lasers

1.7.1. Physical Principles
1.7.2. Monopolar
1.7.3. Bipolar
1.7.4. Sealants
1.7.5. Basic Rules of Use
1.7.6. Main Techniques
1.7.7. Laser

1.7.7.1. CO2 Laser
1.7.7.2. Diode Laser

1.8. Postsurgical Monitoring and Care

1.8.1. Nutrition
1.8.2. Pain Management
1.8.3. Decubitus Patients
1.8.4. Renal Monitoring
1.8.5. Hemostasis
1.8.6. Hyperthermia and Hypothermia
1.8.7. Anorexia

1.9. Medical-surgical Procedures

1.9.1. Feeding Tubes

1.9.1.1. Nasoesophageal
1.9.1.2. Esophagostomy
1.9.1.3. Gastronomy

1.9.2. Thoracostomy Tubes
1.9.3. Temporary Tracheostomy
1.9.4. Other Procedures

1.9.4.1. Abdominocentesis
1.9.4.2. Jejunostomy Tubes

1.10. Exploratory Laparotomy. Abdominal Cavity Closure

1.10.1. Abdominal Opening and Closure
1.10.2. Topographic Anatomy

Module 2. Skin. Treatment of Wounds and Reconstructive Surgery

2.1. Skin: Anatomy, Vascularization and Tension

2.1.1. Skin Anatomy
2.1.2. Vascular Contribution
2.1.3. Correct Treatment of the Skin
2.1.4. Tension Lines
2.1.5. Ways to Manage Tension

2.1.5.1. Sutures
2.1.5.2. Local Techniques
2.1.5.3. Flap Types

2.2. Pathophysiology of Healing

2.2.1. Inflammatory Phase
2.2.2. Types of Debridement
2.2.3. Proliferative Phase
2.2.4. Maturation Phase
2.2.5. Local Factors Which Affect Healing
2.2.6. Systemic Factors Which Affect Healing

2.3. Wounds: Types and How to Treat Them

2.3.1. Types of Wounds (Etiology)
2.3.2. Wound Assessment
2.3.3. Wound Infection

2.3.3.1. Surgical Site Infection (SSI)

2.3.4. Wound Management

2.3.4.1. Preparation and Cleaning
2.3.4.2. Dressings
2.3.4.3. Bandages
2.3.4.4. Antibiotics: Yes or No
2.3.4.5. Other Medication

2.4. New Techniques to Aid Healing

2.4.1. Laser Therapy
2.4.2. Vacuum Systems
2.4.3. Others

2.5. Plasties and Subdermal Plexus Flaps

2.5.1. Z-plasty, V-Y Plasty
2.5.2. Bow-tie Technique
2.5.3. Advance Flaps

2.5.3.1. U
2.5.3.2. H

2.5.4. Rotation Flaps
2.5.5. Transposition Flaps

2.5.5.1. Interpolation Flaps

2.6. Other Flaps. Grafts

2.6.1. Pedicle Flaps

2.6.1.1. What They Are and Why They Work
2.6.1.2. Most Common Pedicle Flaps

2.6.2. Muscle and Myocutaneous Flaps
2.6.3. Grafts

2.6.3.1. Indications
2.6.3.2. Types
2.6.3.3. Bedding Requirements
2.6.3.4. Collection and Preparation Technique
2.6.3.5. Postoperative Care

2.7. Common Head Injuries

2.7.1. Eyelids

2.7.1.1. Techniques for Eyelid Reconstruction
2.7.1.2. Advance Flaps

2.7.1.2.1. Rotation
2.7.1.2.2. Transposition

2.7.1.3. Superficial Temporalis Axial Flap

2.7.2. Nose

2.7.2.1. Rotation Flaps
2.7.2.2. Lip to Nose Plasty

2.7.3. Lips

2.7.3.1. Direct Closure
2.7.3.2. Advance Flaps
2.7.3.3. Rotation Flaps. Lip to Eye

2.7.4. Ears

2.8. Neck and Torso Techniques

2.8.1. Advance Flaps
2.8.2. Myocutaneous Flap of the Latissimus Dorsi
2.8.3. Axillary Crease and Inguinal Crease
2.8.4. Cranial Epigastric Axial Flap
2.8.5. Episioplasty

2.9. Techniques for Wounds and Defects in the Extremities (I)

2.9.1. Problems Related to Compression and Tension

2.9.1.1. Alternative Closure Methods

2.9.2. Thoracodorsal Axial Flap
2.9.3. Lateral Thoracic Axial Flap
2.9.4. Superficial Brachial Axial Flap
2.9.5. Caudal Epigastric Axial Flap

2.10. Techniques for Wounds and Defects in the Extremities (II)

2.10.1. Problems Related to Compression and Tension
2.10.2. Axial Flap of the Deep Iliac Circumflex (Dorsal and Ventral Branches).

2.10.2.1. Genicular Axial Flap
2.10.2.2. Reverse Saphenous Flap
2.10.2.3. Pads and Interdigital PadsMódulo 3. Cirugía gastrointestinal

Module 3. Gastrointestinal Surgery

3.1. Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal Tract

3.1.1. Stomach.
3.1.2. Small Intestine
3.1.3. Large Intestine

3.2. General aspects

3.2.1. Sutures and Materials
3.2.2. Laboratory and Imaging Tests

3.3. Stomach.

3.3.1. Surgical Principles
3.3.2. Clinical Stomach Pathologies
3.3.3. Foreign Bodies.
3.3.4. Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus Syndrome.      
3.3.5. Gastropexy.
3.3.6. Gastric Retention and Obstruction
3.3.7. Gastroesophageal Intussusception
3.3.8. Hiatal Hernia
3.3.9. Neoplasty.

3.4. Surgical Techniques.

3.4.1. Biopsy Sampling
3.4.2. Gastrotomy.
3.4.3. Gastrectomy

3.4.3.1. Simple Gastrectomy
3.4.3.2. Billroth I
3.4.3.3. Billroth II

3.5. Small Intestine

3.5.1. Surgical Principles
3.5.2. Clinical Pathologies of the Small Intestine

3.5.2.1. Foreign Bodies.

3.5.2.1.1. Non-linear
3.5.2.1.2. Linear

3.5.2.2. Duplication of the Intestinal Wall
3.5.2.3. Intestinal Perforation
3.5.2.4. Intestinal Incarceration
3.5.2.5. Intestinal Intussusception
3.5.2.6. Mesenteric Volvulus
3.5.2.7. Neoplasty

3.6. Surgical Techniques

3.6.1. Biopsy Sampling
3.6.2. Enterotomy
3.6.3. Enterectomy
3.6.4. Enteroplication

3.7. Large Intestine

3.7.1. Surgical Principles
3.7.2. Clinical Pathologies

3.7.2.1. Ileocolic Instususception or Cecal Inversion
3.7.2.2. Megacolon
3.7.2.3. Transmural Migration
3.7.2.4. Neoplasty

3.8. Surgical Techniques

3.8.1. Biopsy Sampling
3.8.2. Typhlectomy.
3.8.3. Colopexy
3.8.4. Colotomy
3.8.5. Colectomy

3.9. Rectum

3.9.1. Surgical Principles
3.9.2. Clinical Pathologies and Rectum Surgical Techniques

3.9.2.1. Rectal Prolapse
3.9.2.2. Anal Atresia
3.9.2.3. Neoplasty

3.10. Perianal Zone and Anal Sacs

3.10.1. Pathology and Perianal Area Surgical Technique

3.10.1.1. Perianal Fistulas
3.10.1.2. Neoplasms

3.10.2. Pathologies and Anal Sacs Surgical Techniques

Module 4. Genitourinary Surgery. Mammary Surgery

4.1. Introduction to Urogenital Surgical Pathology

4.1.1. Surgical Principles Applied in Urogenital Surgery
4.1.2. Surgical Material Used
4.1.3. Suture Materials
4.1.4. Pathophysiology of Urinary Surgical Problems: Introduction
4.1.5. Urinary Obstruction
4.1.6. Urinary Trauma

4.2. Kidney 

4.2.1. Anatomy Recap
4.2.2. Techniques (I)

4.2.2.1. Renal Biopsy
4.2.2.2. Nephrotomy. Pyelolithotomy

4.2.3. Techniques (II)

4.2.3.1. Nephrectomy
4.2.3.2. Nephropexy
4.2.3.3. Nephrostomy

4.2.4. Congenital Diseases
4.2.5. Renal Trauma
4.2.6. Infection. Abscesses

4.3. Urether

4.3.1. Anatomy Recap
4.3.2. Techniques (I)

4.3.2.1. Ureterotomy
4.3.2.2. Anastomosis

4.3.3. Techniques (II)

4.3.3.1. Ureteroneocystostomy
4.3.3.2. Neoureterostomy

4.3.4. Congenital Diseases
4.3.5. Urethral Trauma
4.3.6. Ureteral Obstruction

4.3.6.1. New Techniques

4.4. Bladder

4.4.1. Anatomy Recap
4.4.2. Techniques (I)

4.4.2.1. Cystotomy
4.4.2.2. Cystectomy

4.4.3. Techniques (II) 

4.4.3.1. Cystopexy. Serosal Patch
4.4.3.2. Cystostomy
4.4.3.3. Boari Flap

4.4.4. Congenital Diseases
4.4.5. Bladder Trauma
4.4.6. Bladder Lithiasis
4.4.7. Bladder Torsion
4.4.8. Neoplasms

4.5. Urethra

4.5.1. Anatomy Recap
4.5.2. Techniques (I)

4.5.2.1. Urethrotomy
4.5.2.2. Anastomosis

4.5.3. Techniques (II): Urethrostomy

4.5.3.1. Introduction
4.5.3.2. Feline Perineal Urethrostomy
4.5.3.3. Canine Pre-scrotal Urethrostomy
4.5.3.4. Other Urethrostomies

4.5.4. Congenital Diseases
4.5.5. Urethral Trauma
4.5.6. Urethral Obstruction
4.5.7. Urethral Prolapse
4.5.8. Sphincter Incompetence

4.6. Ovaries, Uterus, Vagina

4.6.1. Anatomy Recap
4.6.2. Techniques (I)

4.6.2.1. Ovariectomy
4.6.2.2. Ovariohysterectomy

4.6.3. Techniques (II)

4.6.3.1. Cesarean Section
4.6.3.2. Episiotomy

4.6.4. Congenital Diseases

4.6.4.1. Ovaries and Uterus
4.6.4.2. Vagina and Vestibule

4.6.5. Ovarian Remnant Syndrome

4.6.5.1. Effects of Gonadectomy

4.6.6. Pyometra

4.6.6.1. Stump Pyometra

4.6.7. Uterine Prolapse and Vaginal Prolapse
4.6.8. Neoplasms

4.7. Penis, Testicles and Scrotum

4.7.1. Anatomy Recap
4.7.2. Techniques (I)

4.7.2.1. Pre-scrotal Orchiectomy
4.7.2.2. Feline Scrotal Orchiectomy
4.7.2.3. Abdominal Orchiectomy

4.7.3. Techniques (II)

4.7.3.1. Scrotum Ablation
4.7.3.2. Penis Amputation

4.7.4. Techniques (III): 

4.7.4.1. Preputial Plasties
4.7.4.2. Phallopexy

4.7.5. Congenital Alterations of the Penis and Foreskin

4.7.5.1. Hypospadias
4.7.5.2. Phimosis vs Paraphimosis

4.7.6. Congenital Alterations to the Testicles

4.7.6.1. Anorchia/Monorchidism
4.7.6.2. Cryptorchidism

4.7.7. Neoplasms in the Penis
4.7.8. Testicular Neoplasms

4.8. Prostate. Ancillary Techniques in Urogenital Surgery 

4.8.1. Anatomy Recap
4.8.2. Techniques

4.8.2.1. Omentalization
4.8.2.2. Marsupialization

4.8.3. Prostatic Hyperplasia
4.8.4. Prostatic Cysts
4.8.5. Prostatitis and Prostatic Abscesses
4.8.6. Neoplasms
4.8.7. Auxiliary Techniques Catheterization and Cystopuncture
4.8.8. Abdomen Drainage

4.9. Complementary Tests in Urogenital Surgical Pathology

4.9.1. Diagnostic Imaging Techniques(I)

4.9.1.1. Simple Radiography
4.9.1.2. Contrast Radiography

4.9.2. Diagnostic Imaging Techniques (II) 

4.9.2.1. Ultrasound

4.9.3. Diagnostic Imaging Techniques (III)
4.9.4. Importance of Laboratory Diagnosis 

4.10. Breast

4.10.1. Anatomy Recap
4.10.2. Techniques (I)

4.10.2.1. Nodulectomy
4.10.2.2. Lymphadenectomy

4.10.3. Techniques (II):

4.10.3.1. Simple Mastectomy
4.10.3.2. Regional Mastectomy
4.10.3.3. Radical Mastectomy

4.10.4. Postoperative Care

4.10.4.1. Analgesic Catheters

4.10.5. Hyperplasia and Pseudo-gestation
4.10.6. Canine Mammary Tumors
4.10.7. Feline Mammary Tumors

Module 5. Surgical Oncology. Basic Principles. Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Tumors

5.1. Principles of Surgical Oncology (I)

5.1.1. Pre-operative Considerations
5.1.2. Surgical Approach
5.1.3. Biopsies and Sample Collecting

5.2. Principles of Surgical Oncology (II)

5.2.1. Surgical Considerations
5.2.2. Definition of Surgical Margins
5.2.3. Cytoreductive and Palliative Surgeries

5.3. Principles of Surgical Oncology (III)

5.3.1. Post-operative Considerations
5.3.2. Adjuvant Therapy
5.3.3. Multimodal Therapy

5.4. Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Tumors. Soft Tissue Sarcomas (I)

5.4.1. Clinical presentation
5.4.2. Diagnosis
5.4.3. Staging.
5.4.4. Surgical Aspects

5.5. Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Tumors. Soft Tissue Sarcomas (II)

5.5.1. Reconstructive Surgery
5.5.2. Adjuvant Therapies
5.5.3. Paliative Procedures
5.5.4. Prognosis

5.6. Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Tumors. Mastocytoma (I)

5.6.1. Clinical presentation
5.6.2. Diagnosis
5.6.3. Staging.
5.6.4. Surgery (I)

5.7. Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Tumors. Mastocytoma (II)

5.7.1. Surgery (II)
5.7.2. Post-operative Recommendations
5.7.3. Prognosis

5.8. Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Tumors. Other Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Tumors (I)

5.8.1. Melanoma
5.8.2. Epitheliotropic Lymphoma
5.8.3. Hemangiosarcoma

5.9. Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Tumors. Other Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Tumors (II)

5.9.1. Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Benign Tumors
5.9.2. Feline Injection Site Sarcoma

5.10. Interventional Oncology

5.10.1. Material
5.10.2. Vascular Interventions.
5.10.3. Non-Vascular Interventions.

Module 6. Liver and Biliary System Surgery Spleen Surgery. Endocrine System Surgery

6.1. Liver Surgery. Basic Principles

6.1.1. Liver Anatomy
6.1.2. Liver Pathophysiology
6.1.3. General Principles of Liver Surgery
6.1.4. Hemostasis Techniques

6.2. Liver Surgery (II). Techniques

6.2.1. Hepatic biopsy
6.2.2. Partial Hepatectomy
6.2.3. Hepatic Lobectomy

6.3. Liver Surgery (III). Liver Cysts and Abscesses

6.3.1. Liver Tumors.
6.3.2. Abscesos hepáticos

6.4. Liver Surgery (IV)

6.4.1. Portosystemic Shunt.

6.5. Extrahepatic Biliary Tree Surgery

6.5.1. Anatomy
6.5.2. Techniques Cholecystectomy
6.5.3. Cholecystitis (Biliary Mucocele)
6.5.4. Bladder Stones

6.6. Spleen Surgery (I)

6.6.1. Spleen Anatomy
6.6.2. Techniques

6.6.2.1. Splenorrhaphy
6.6.2.2. Partial Splenectomy
6.6.2.3. Complete Splenectomy

6.6.2.3.1. Three Clamp Technique Approach

6.7. Spleen Surgery (II)

6.7.1. Splenic Mass Approach
6.7.2. Hemoabdomen

6.8. Thyroid Gland Surgery

6.8.1. Anatomy Recap
6.8.2. Surgical Techniques

6.8.2.1. Thyroidectomy
6.8.2.2. Parathyroidectomy

6.8.3. Diseases

6.8.3.1. Thyroid Tumors in Dogs
6.8.3.2. Hyperthyroidism in Cats
6.8.3.3. Hyperparathyroidism

6.9. Adrenal Gland Surgery

6.9.1. Anatomy Recap.
6.9.2. Surgical Technique

6.9.2.1. Adrenalectomy
6.9.2.2. Hypophysectomy

6.9.3. Diseases

6.9.3.1. Adrenal Adenomas/Adenocarcinomas
6.9.3.2. Pheochromocytomas

6.10. Endocrine Pancreatic Surgery

6.10.1. Anatomy Recap
6.10.2. Surgical Technique

6.10.2.1. Pancreatic Biopsy
6.10.2.2. Pancreatectomy

6.10.3. Diseases

6.10.3.1. Insulinoma

Module 7. Head and Neck Surgery

7.1. Salivary Glands       

7.1.1. Anatomy
7.1.2. Surgical Technique
7.1.3. Sialocele

7.2. Laryngeal Paralysis

7.2.1. Anatomy
7.2.2. Diagnosis
7.2.3. Pre-operative Considerations
7.2.4. Surgical Techniques
7.2.5. Post-operative Considerations

7.3. Brachycephalic Syndrome (I)

7.3.1. Description
7.3.2. Syndrome Components
7.3.3. Anatomy and Physiopathology
7.3.4. Diagnosis

7.4. Brachycephalic Syndrome (II)

7.4.1. Pre-operative Considerations
7.4.2. Surgical Techniques
7.4.3. Post-operative Considerations

7.5. Tracheal Collapse

7.5.1. Anatomy
7.5.2. Diagnosis
7.5.3. Medical Management
7.5.4. Surgical Treatment

7.6. Ears (I)

7.6.1. Anatomy
7.6.2. Techniques

7.6.2.1. Technique for Treating Otohematoma
7.6.2.2. Aurectomy
7.6.2.3. External Auditory Canal Ablation with Trephination of the Bulla
7.6.2.4. Ventral Osteotomy of the Tympanic Bulla

7.7. Ears (II)

7.7.1. Diseases

7.7.1.1. Otohematomas
7.7.1.2. External Auricular Pavilion Tumors
7.7.1.3. Chronic Otitis
7.7.1.4. Nasopharyngeal Polyps

7.8. Oral and Nasal Cavity (I)

7.8.1. Anatomy
7.8.2. Techniques

7.8.2.1. Maxillectomy
7.8.2.2. Mandibulectomy
7.8.2.3. Techniques for Oral Cavity Reconstruction
7.8.2.4. Rhinotomy

7.9. Oral and Nasal Cavity (II)

7.9.1. Diseases

7.9.1.1. Oral and Lip Tumors
7.9.1.2. Nasal Cavity Tumors
7.9.1.3. Aspergillosis
7.9.1.4. Cleft Palate
7.9.1.5. Oronasal Fistulas

7.10. Other Head and Neck Diseases

7.10.1. Nasopharyngeal Stenosis
7.10.2. Laryngeal Tumors
7.10.3. Tracheal Tumors
7.10.4. Cricopharyngeal Achalasia

Module 8. Thoracic Cavity Surgery

8.1. Pleural Cavity Surgery (I)

8.1.1. Basic Principles and Anatomy
8.1.2. Pleural Effusions

8.1.2.1. Pleural Drainage Techniques

8.2. Pleural Cavity Surgery (II)

8.2.1. Clinical Pathologies

8.2.1.1. Trauma
8.2.1.2. Pneumothorax
8.2.1.3. Chylothorax

8.2.1.3.1. Thoracic Duct Ligation
8.2.1.3.2. Cisterna Chyli Ablation

8.2.1.4. Pyothorax
8.2.1.5. Hemothorax
8.2.1.6. Malignant Pleural Effusion
8.2.1.7. Benign Cysts
8.2.1.8. Neoplasty

8.3. Rib Wall Surgery

8.3.1. Basic Principles and Anatomy
8.3.2. Clinical Pathologies

8.3.2.1. Floating Thorax
8.3.2.2. Pectus Excavatum

8.3.3. Neoplasty

8.4. Diagnostic Methods

8.4.1. Laboratory Tests
8.4.2. Imaging Tests

8.5. Thorax Surgery Approaches

8.5.1. Instruments and Material
8.5.2. Types of Thorax Approach

8.5.2.1. Intercostal Thoracotomy
8.5.2.2. Thoracotomy for Costal Resection
8.5.2.3. Median Sternotomy
8.5.2.4. Transsternal Thoracotomy
8.5.2.5. Transdiaphragmatic Thoracotomy.

8.5.3. Restoration of Negative Pressure

8.6. Lung Surgery

8.6.1. Basic Principles and Anatomy
8.6.2. Surgical Techniques

8.6.2.1. Partial Lobectomy
8.6.2.2. Total Lobectomy
8.6.2.3. Pneumonectomy

8.6.3. Clinical Pathologies

8.6.3.1. Trauma
8.6.3.2. Pulmonary Abscess
8.6.3.3. Pulmonary Torsion
8.6.3.4. Neoplasty

8.7. Heart Surgery (I)

8.7.1. Basic Principles and Anatomy
8.7.2. Surgical Techniques

8.7.2.1. Pericardiocentesis
8.7.2.2. Partial Pericardiectomy
8.7.2.3. Partial Auriculectomy 
8.7.2.4. Pacemaker Insertion 

8.8. Heart Surgery (II)

8.8.1. Clinical Pathologies

8.8.1.1. Septal Defects
8.8.1.2. Pulmonary Stenosis
8.8.1.3. Subaortic Stenosis
8.8.1.4. Tetralogy of Fallot  
8.8.1.5. Pericardial Effusion
8.8.1.6. Neoplasty  

8.9. Vascular Anomolies and Vascular Rings

8.9.1. Basic Principles and Anatomy
8.9.2. Clinical Pathologies

8.9.2.1. Persistent Ductus Arteriosus 
8.9.2.2. Persistent Right Aortic Arch  

8.10. Thoracic Esophageal Surgery

8.10.1. Basic Principles and Anatomy
8.10.2. Surgical Techniques

8.10.2.1. Esophagotomy
8.10.2.2. Esophagectomy

8.10.3. Clinical Pathologies

8.10.3.1. Foreign Bodies
8.10.3.2. Idiopathic Megaesophagus
8.10.3.3. Neoplasty.

Module 9. Amputations: Thoracic Limb, Pelvic Limb, Caudectomy, Phalanges. Umbilical, Inguinal, Scrotal, Traumatic, Perineal, Diagrammatic and Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernias

9.1. Thoracic Limb Amputation

9.1.1. Indications
9.1.2. Pre-operative Considerations. Patient Selection and Owner. Esthetic Considerations
9.1.3. Surgical Techniques

9.1.3.1. With Scapulectomy
9.1.3.2. Humeral Osteotomy

9.1.4. Post-operative Considerations
9.1.5. Short and Long-Term Complications

9.2. Pelvic Limb Amputation

9.2.1. Indications
9.2.2. Patient Selection. Esthetic Considerations
9.2.3. Pre-operative Considerations
9.2.4. Surgical Techniques

9.2.4.1. Coxofemoral Disarticulation
9.2.4.2. Femoral and Tibial Osteotomy
9.2.4.3. Hemipelvectomy

9.2.5. Post-operative Considerations
9.2.6. Complications

9.3. Diseases

9.3.1. Osteosarcoma
9.3.2. Other Bone Tumors
9.3.3. Trauma, Old Articular Fractures, Osteomyelitis

9.4. Other Amputations

9.4.1. Phalange Amputation
9.4.2. Caudectomy
9.4.3. Tumors that Affect the Phalanges

9.5. Umbilical, Inguinal, Scrotal and Traumatic Hernias

9.5.1. Umbilical Hernia
9.5.2. Inguinal Hernia
9.5.3. Scrotal Hernia
9.5.4. Traumatic Hernias

9.6. Traumatic Hernias.

9.6.1. Polytraumatized Patient Care
9.6.2. Pre-operative Considerations
9.6.3. Surgical Techniques
9.6.4. Post-operative Considerations

9.7. Perineal Hernia (I)

9.7.1. Anatomy
9.7.2. Pathophysiology
9.7.3. Types of Perineal Hernias
9.7.4. Diagnosis

9.8. Perineal Hernia (II)

9.8.1. Preoperative Considerations
9.8.2. Surgical Techniques
9.8.3. Postoperative Considerations.
9.8.4. Complications

9.9. Diaphragmatic Hernia

9.9.1. Diaphragmatic Hernia

9.9.1.1. Anatomy
9.9.1.2. Diagnosis
9.9.1.3. Preoperative Considerations
9.9.1.4. Surgical Techniques
9.9.1.5. Postoperative Considerations

9.10. Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia

9.10.1. Anatomy
9.10.2. Diagnosis
9.10.3. Preoperative Considerations
9.10.4. Surgical Techniques
9.10.5. Postoperative Considerations

Module 10. Minimally Invasive Surgery. Laparoscopy. Thoracoscopy. Interventional Radiology

10.1. History and Advantages/ Disadvantages of Minimally Invasive Surgery

10.1.1. History of Laparoscopy and Thoracoscopy
10.1.2. Advantages and Disadvantages
10.1.3. New Perspectives

10.2. Equipment and Instruments

10.2.1. Equipment
10.2.2. Instruments

10.3. Laparoscopy Techniques. Training Program

10.3.1. Laparoscopy Sutures

10.3.1.1. Conventional Sutures
10.3.1.2. Mechanical Sutures

10.3.2. Laparoscopy Training Program

10.4. Laparoscopy (I). Approaches

10.4.1. Techniques for Performing Pneumoperitoneum Surgery
10.4.2. Port Placement
10.4.3. Ergonomics

10.5. Laparoscopy (II). Most Common Techniques

10.5.1. Ovariectomy
10.5.2. Abdominal Cryptorchidism
10.5.3. Preventive Gastropexy
10.5.4. Hepatic biopsy

10.6. Laparoscopy (III). Less Common Techniques

10.6.1. Cholecystectomy
10.6.2. Assisted Cystoscopy
10.6.3. Digestive Examination
10.6.4. Splenectomy
10.6.5. Biopsy

10.6.5.1. Renal
10.6.5.2. Pancreatic
10.6.5.3. Lymph Nodes

10.7. Thoracoscopy (I). Approaches. Specific Materials

10.7.1. Specific Materials
10.7.2. Most Common Approaches. Port Placement

10.8. Thoracoscopy (II). Most Common Techniques. Pericardiectomy

10.8.1. Indications and Techniques for Pericardiectomy
10.8.2. Pericardial Examination. Subtotal Pericardiectomy Versus Pericardial Window

10.9. Thoracoscopy (II). Less Common Techniques

10.9.1. Pulmonary Biopsy
10.9.2. Pulmonary Lobectomy
10.9.3. Chylothorax
10.9.4. Vascular Rings

10.10. Interventional Radiology

10.10.1. Equipment
10.10.2. More Common Techniques

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