In this professional master’s degree, the main pathologies that can appear in the animal eye are studied, as are the most appropriate methods of diagnosis, treatment and approach in each case" 

Veterinary ophthalmology has advanced at a rapid pace in recent decades, which has allowed specialists to solve or mitigate ocular problems that negatively affect the quality of life of animals.

The professional master’s degree in Veterinary Ophthalmology in Small Animals includes all the advances made in the study of ophthalmologic diseases and their treatment. It compiles and develops these aspects to provide veterinary professionals with a clear, in depth and up to date overview of Veterinary Ophthalmology in Small Animals, and thereby allows them to apply the knowledge acquired.  

The topics presented in this professional master’s degree have been selected with the aim of offering comprehensive, specialized and advanced studies in Ophthalmology that will allow veterinary professionals to develop in depth knowledge with which to address ocular disorders in small animals, in this case, those in dogs and cats.   

Although the main subject of this professional master’s degree is Ophthalmology as applied to dogs and cats, given that they are the species most commonly found in the veterinary clinic, Veterinary Ophthalmology in Exotic Animals also occupies an important place in the specialization. 

Finally, pathological and non-pathological alterations will also be studied, with special focus on the most appropriate medical and surgical treatments according to each case. This will provide students with general knowledge on the specialty, which will in turn allow them to practice with greater success in their daily practice. 

One of the problems affecting continued education is the difficulty professionals find in conciliating studies with work and personal routines. Current professional demands make it difficult to provide quality, specialized, face to face education, which is why our online format allows students to combine this updating program with their daily professional practice. 

In depth study and specialization in ophthalmological conditions, as well as the possibility to learn and improve specific and advanced diagnostic protocols, will allow students to establish the most appropriate medical and/or surgical treatment for each case"   

This professional master’s degree in Veterinary Ophthalmology in Small Animals contains the most complete and up to date scientific program scientific the market. Its most important features include: 

• Case studies presented and developed by experts in Veterinary Ophthalmology
• Graphic, schematic, and practical contents created to provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Practical exercises where self assessment can be used to improve learning
• Its special emphasis on innovative methodologies
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

Thanks to this comprehensive educational program, you will be able to provide a differential approach to ocular pathologies in small animals"

The program’s teaching staff includes professionals from the sector who contribute their work experience to this training program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities.  

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersion training programmed to train in real situations.  

This program is designed around Problem Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this purpose, the student will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.   

As a differentiating aspect, this professional master’s degree is not only focused on ocular pathologies of dogs and cats, but also addresses those of exotic animals"

Anatomical knowledge is essential for the correct interpretation of pathologies. This professional master’s degree brings you all this knowledge from a unique and highly effective perspective"

With the fundamental objective of providing veterinarians with specialized knowledge on veterinary ophthalmology, TECH has designed the most complete and up to date academic program in the market. After completing the 1,500 hours of study included in the professional master’s degree, professionals will be able to practice in this exciting field with total success and from a perspective based on maximum scientific rigor, the greatest relevance and the latest advances. 

TECH has the full conviction of taking veterinarians to the top of their profession. If you want to be part of this path to success, do not hesitate to enroll in this professional master’s degree" 

General Objectives

• Develop a solid foundation in ocular anatomy 
• Establish a correct chronology of ocular embryology  
• Analyze the physiology of vision and its differences between species  
• Specify types of drugs and their routes of administration to optimize their effect  
• Identify surgical equipment and devices used in ophthalmic surgery 
• Develop an orderly examination protocol  
• Analyze common examining techniques to obtain more information 
• Examine normal anatomy and function of orbital and periocular tissues
• Generate specialized knowledge in different surgical techniques 
• Develop specialized knowledge in the diagnosis and medical-surgical treatment of conjunctiva and the lacrimal system
• Incorporate new developments in the diagnosis and treatment of lens pathologies
• Examine pathophysiology
• Develop specialized knowledge on congenital and acquired pathologies 
• Establish correct examination of the anterior uvea 
• Study classification of pathologies according to clinical signs
• Develop specialized knowledge of the glaucoma 
• In depth study and adequacy of medical guidelines according to etiology 
• Approach to ophthalmologic examination as part of general physical examination
• Relate ocular signs to systemic manifestations 
• In depth study of diagnostic methods that integrate ocular and systemic signs   

Specific Objectives

Module 1. Embryology, Anatomy, Physiology of Vision and Pharmacology

• Develop a solid foundation in ocular anatomy 
• Study different points of embryology to determine congenital pathologies 
• Determine differences in the physiology of vision in different species 
• Examine process by which images and properties of the optical systems of the eyeball are formed  
• Evaluate the different therapeutic options according to ocular pharmacology and determine the correct route of administration
• Compile anesthetic drugs for ophthalmologic use and know how to use them according to the diagnostic test or surgery to be performed

Module 2. Ophthalmology Examination and Complementary Tests

• Optimize data collection from the patient's anamnesis, as well as from the basic examination tests
• Demonstrate uses of and information related to slit lamp
• Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy
• Establish a basis for the correct use of Tonometry and Gonioscopy
• Analyze the different possibilities for anterior and posterior segment imaging for objective follow up of patient lesions 
• Determine basis for diagnostic imaging 
• Review drugs for specific exploratory procedures 

Module 3. Diseases and Surgery of the Eyelids and Nasolacrimal System

• Establish different screening methods establish diagnostic protocols
• Identify advances in the approach to oculoposterior surgery
• Incorporate new developments into diagnosis and treatment
• Examine pathophysiology
• Develop specialized knowledge on congenital and acquired pathologies
• Develop abilities for the surgical approach to the orbit and eyelids 

Module 4. Conjunctiva, Nictitating Membrane and Orbit Diseases and Surgery

• Examine normal anatomy and function of conjunctiva and the lacrimal system
• Identify the most frequent clinical signs
• Analyze different diagnostic methods and establish protocols
• Generate diagnostic knowledge to examine tear film
• Study the different pathologies related to alterations of the tear film
• Present the latest surgical techniques for resolution of pathologies affecting the nictitating membrane
• Generate specialized knowledge of the different medical and surgical treatments of the lacrimal system

Module 5. Cornea Diseases and Surgery

• Analyze physiological corneal repair mechanisms
• Accurately recognize changes in color, edges and visual "texture" characteristic of each corneal pathologic response
• Classify and categorize corneal ulcers
• Develop general and specific treatment principles for each type of corneal ulcer
• Describe the different corneal surgical techniques and evaluate their advantages and disadvantages
• Compile and study the most common non-ulcerative corneal pathologies in dogs and cats
• Identify the various corneal manifestations of systemic diseases
• Present the different neoplasms located in the cornea
• Study the pathologies that can affect the sclera and their treatment

Module 6. Lens Diseases and Surgery

• Identify advances in the approach to cataract surgery
• Compile the basics for setting up a microsurgery operating room 
• Identify the use of different drugs for intraocular surgery
• Offer tips for the management of intraoperative, preoperative and postoperative complications of lens surgery

Module 7. Uveal and Retinal Diseases and Surgery 

• Determine the structures involved in uveal inflammation 
• Analyze the involvement of systemic diseases and uveal involvement 
• Develop a diagnostic plan based on uveal alterations observed in the patient 
• Examine ophthalmologic examination for the diagnosis of anterior uveitis 
• Explain how to localize the primary condition of uveal alterations
• Determine whether the disease is ophthalmologic or systemic 
• Establish differential diagnoses according to clinical systemic and ocular signs 
• Propose possible complementary tests according to the established differential diagnosis
• Present and establish a treatment plan for dealing with uveal disease in patients 
• Establish a possible protocol for retinal lesions secondary to systemic conditions When presented with a blind eye, discern whether the problem is retinal or neurological

Module 8. Exotic Animal Ophthalmology

• In depth study of the ocular anatomical characteristics of different exotic species
• Analyze the most appropriate examination methods for each species  
• Generate a baseline of ocular anatomical features to be able to discern the most subtle symptoms that may be causing a pathology
• Present different therapeutic routes in order to propose the most appropriate treatment according to species
• Develop abilities for the surgical approach to different species

Module 9. Glaucoma

• Examine different types of glaucoma, as well as intraocular fluid dynamics 
• Optimize use of diagnostic tools such as Tonometry and Gonioscopy to obtain key data for subsequent treatment
• Analyze the effect of elevated intraocular pressure on the various intraocular structures 

Module 10. Systemic Diseases

• Recognize ocular signs related to systemic disease  
• Describe systemic diseases commonly found in small species  
• Establish a diagnostic plan 

Your goals and TECH goals become one and the same with this professional master’s degree"