You will learn to master and develop in depth diagnostic imaging techniques and other complementary diagnostic methods in the field”

The examination, diagnosis and treatment of pathologies that require surgical intervention are among the main occupations in the equine field clinic, so it is important for the veterinarians to update their knowledge of the processes of immediate intervention, so that they can enhance their knowledge of the different needs and areas that require surgery.

Given the needs of equines, veterinarians must know the most important affectations, so this program will help them to identify the most vulnerable parts of the horses, those that are exposed to suffer pathologies that require surgical procedures.

To this extent, this program becomes an inexhaustible source of veterinary information, in which professionals will be able to find different diagnostic, treatment and intervention techniques. Recovery, rehabilitation therapies and postoperative procedures will also be discussed.

Good perioperative management and the use of an adequate surgical technique will make it possible to preserve the patients' life and, in certain cases, their return to sports practice at the previous level, since appropriate treatment will make it possible for the affected anatomical region to maintain normal functionality and for the esthetic results to be optimal.

Students of the Postgraduate diploma in Field Surgical Disorders in Adult Horses will have access to first level education, thanks to the incorporation of a series of exclusive Masterclasses given by an international renowned expert in the equine field. These masterclasses will address various equine pathologies and will allow students to gain in-depth knowledge and apply advanced therapeutic techniques and strategies.

You will have access to exclusive Masterclasses in the educational program, which will allow you to acquire specialized knowledge from the best international experts" 

This Postgraduate diploma in Field Surgical Disorders in Adult Horses contains the most complete and up-to-date scientific program on the market. The most important features include: 

• The latest technology in online teaching software
• A highly visual teaching system, supported by graphic and schematic contents that are easy to assimilate and understand
• Practical cases presented by practicing experts
• State-of-the-art interactive video systems
• Teaching supported by telepractice
• Continuous updating and recycling systems
• Autonomous learning: full compatibility with other occupations
• Practical exercises for self-assessment and learning verification
• Support groups and educational synergies: questions to the expert, debate and knowledge forums
• Communication with the teacher and individual reflection work
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection
• Supplementary documentation databases are permanently available, even after finishing the course

A comprehensive preparatory program that will allow you to acquire the most advanced knowledge in all fields of intervention of the equine veterinarian"

The program’s teaching staff includes professionals from the field who contribute their work experience to this educational program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities. 

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive education programmed to prepare for real situations. 

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise during the course. For this purpose, the students will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.

With the experience of working professionals and the analysis of real cases of success, in a high-impact preparatory approach"

With a methodological design based on proven teaching techniques, this innovative course will take you through different teaching approaches to allow you to learn in a dynamic and effective way"

The contents have been developed by its different experts, with a clear purpose: to ensure that our students acquire each and every one of the skills necessary to become a Postgraduate diploma in this field. A complete and well-structured program that will take you to the highest standards of quality and success.

A comprehensive teaching program, structured in well-developed teaching units, oriented towards learning that is compatible with your personal and professional life"

Module 1. Locomotor System

1.1. Examination and Diagnosis of Lameness

1.1.1. Introduction

1.1.1.1. Definition of Lameness
1.1.1.2. Causes and Types of Lameness
1.1.1.3. Symptoms of Lameness

1.1.2. Static Examination of Lameness

1.1.2.1. Medical History
1.1.2.2. Approach to the Horse and General Examination

1.1.2.2.1. Visual Examination: General Condition and Conformation
1.1.2.2.2. Static Physical Examination, Palpation, Percussion and Flexion

1.1.3. Dynamic Examination of Lameness

1.1.3.1. Examination in Motion
1.1.3.2. Flexion Test
1.1.3.3. Assessment and Quantification of Lameness Objective and Subjective Methods
1.1.3.4. Introduction to Neural Anesthetic Blocks

1.1.4. Introduction to Complementary Diagnostic Methods

1.2. Anesthetic Nerve Blocks

1.2.1. Diagnostic Loco-Regional Analgesia: Introduction

1.2.1.1. General Considerations and Pre-Diagnostic Requirements
1.2.1.2. Types of Blockages and Injection Techniques
1.2.1.3. Drugs to be Used
1.2.1.4. Election of Blockages
1.2.1.5. Approach to the Patient

1.2.1.5.1. Patient Management and Preparation
1.2.1.5.2. Chemical Containment

1.2.1.6. Evaluation of Results

1.2.1.6.1. Subjective Assessment
1.2.1.6.2. Objective Assessment

1.2.1.7. Complications

1.2.2. Perineural Anesthetic Blocks

1.2.2.1. Perineural Analgesia in the Forelimb
1.2.2.2. Perineural Analgesia in the Hindlimb

1.2.3. Regional Anesthetic Blocks
1.2.4. Intrasynovial Anesthetic Blocks

1.2.4.1. Intra-Articular Blocks
1.2.4.2. Bursa and Tendon Sheath Blocks

1.3. Diagnostic Imaging of Lameness

1.3.1. Introduction to Diagnostic Imaging in the Field
1.3.2. Technical Basis

1.3.2.1. Radiology
1.3.2.2. Ultrasound
1.3.2.3. Advanced Techniques

1.3.2.3.1. Gammagraphy
1.3.2.3.2. Magnetic Resonance
1.3.2.3.3. Computerized Tomography

1.3.3. Bone Pathology Diagnosis
1.3.4. Joint Pathology Diagnosis
1.3.5. Diagnosis of Tendon and Ligament Pathology

1.4. Pathologies of the Axial Skeleton. Diagnosis and Treatment

1.4.1. Introduction to Axial Skeletal Pathology
1.4.2. Axial Skeleton Examination
1.4.3. Cervical Spine Diagnosis
1.4.4. Diagnosis of the Thoracolumbar and Sacroiliac Spine
1.4.5. Axial Skeleton Pathology Treatment

1.5. Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD). Traumatic Arthritis and Post-Traumatic Osteoarthritis. Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment

1.5.1. Anatomy and Physiology of the Joints
1.5.2. Definition of EDA
1.5.3. Cartilage Lubrication and Repair
1.5.4. DJD Manifestations

1.5.4.1. Acute Injuries
1.5.4.2. Chronic Fatigue Injuries

1.5.5. DJD Diagnosis

1.5.5.1. Clinical Examination
1.5.5.2. Objective and Subjective Examination of Lameness
1.5.5.3. Diagnostic Anesthesia
1.5.5.4. Diagnostic Imaging

1.5.5.4.1. Radiology
1.5.5.4.2. Ultrasound
1.5.5.4.3. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computerized Axial Tomography
1.5.5.4.4. New Technologies

1.5.6. Treatment of DJD

1.5.6.1. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatories
1.5.6.2. Steroid Anti-Inflammatories
1.5.6.3. Hyaluronic Acid
1.5.6.4. Glucosaminoglycans
1.5.6.5. Pentosan
1.5.6.6. Biological Therapies

1.5.6.6.1. Autologous Conditioned Serum
1.5.6.6.2. Platelet Rich Plasma
1.5.6.6.3. Stem Cells

1.5.6.7. Oral Supplements

1.6. Tendinitis, Desmitis and Adjacent Structures Pathologies

1.6.1. Applied Anatomy and Tendon Damage Pathophysiology
1.6.2. Alterations of Tendons, Ligaments and Associated Structures

1.6.2.1. Soft Tissues of the Pastern
1.6.2.2. Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon (SDFT)
1.6.2.3. Deep Digital Flexor Tendon (DDFT)
1.6.2.4. Inferior Accessory Ligament of the TFDSP
1.6.2.5. Suspensory Ligament of the Fetlock (SL)

1.6.2.5.1. Proximal part of the SL
1.6.2.5.2. SL Body
1.6.2.5.3. SL Branches

1.6.2.6. Carpal Canal and Carpal Sheath
1.6.2.7. Tarsal Sheath
1.6.2.8. Plantar Fasciitis
1.6.2.9. Bursitis

1.6.3. Management of Tendon and Ligament Injuries

1.6.3.1. Medical Therapy
1.6.3.2. Regenerative Therapies

1.6.3.2.1. Stem Cell and Bone Marrow Therapies
1.6.3.2.2. Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy

1.6.3.3. Shock Waves and Other Physical Therapies
1.6.3.4. Surgical Therapies
1.6.3.5. Rehabilitation and Return to Work Guidelines

1.7. Fractures. Bone Sequestration

1.7.1. First Approach to Fractures, General Considerations. Bone Sequestration

1.7.1.1. Introduction

1.7.1.1.1. First Aid for Fractures in Horses
1.7.1.1.2. Case Selection, General Considerations
1.7.1.1.3. Immobilization of Fractures According to Location

1.7.1.2. Transport

1.7.1.2.1. Transporting an Equine Patient for Fracture Treatment

1.7.1.3. Prognosis
1.7.1.4. Bone Sequestration

1.7.2. Rehabilitation and Return to Work Guidelines

1.7.2.1. In Fractures
1.7.2.2. In Bone Sequestration

1.8. Laminitis

1.8.1. Pathophysiology of Laminitis
1.8.2. Clinical of Laminitis
1.8.3. Diagnosis of Laminitis

1.8.3.1. Physical Examination
1.8.3.2. Diagnostic Imaging
1.8.3.3. Endocrine and Metabolic Assessment

1.8.4. Medical Treatment of Laminitis

1.8.4.1. Anti-Inflammatories
1.8.4.2. Vasoactive Drugs
1.8.4.3. Analgesia
1.8.4.4. Hypothermia
1.8.4.5. Sepsis
1.8.4.6. Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID) and Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS)

1.8.5. Stabilization of the Third Phalanx

1.8.5.1. Sole Support Techniques
1.8.5.2. Therapeutic Horseshoeing

1.8.6. Treatment of Laminitis

1.8.6.1. Use of Casts
1.8.6.2. Fexor Digitorum Superficialis Tenotomy
1.8.6.3. Dorsal Wall Resection
1.8.6.4. Complications

1.8.7. Chronic Laminitis
1.8.8. Laminitis Prevention

1.9. Orthopedic Field Surgery

1.9.1. Fractures of Rudimentary Metacarpals/Metatarsals

1.9.1.1. Clinical History, Symptomatology and Different Presentations
1.9.1.2. Diagnostic Techniques
1.9.1.3. Decision-Making and Optimal Treatment
1.9.1.4. Surgical Management
1.9.1.5. Complications to Surgery
1.9.1.6. Post-Operative Care
1.9.1.7. Rehabilitation and Return to Work Guidelines

1.9.2. Demotomies

1.9.2.1. Medical History
1.9.2.2. Decision-Making
1.9.2.3. Surgical Management
1.9.2.4. Complications of Demotomies
1.9.2.5. Post-Operative Care
1.9.2.6. Rehabilitation and Return to Work Guidelines

1.9.3. Neurectomies

1.9.3.1. Indications
1.9.3.2. Pre-Surgical Considerations and Implications
1.9.3.3. Surgical Technique
1.9.3.4. Complications
1.9.3.5. Post-Operative Care1.9.3.6. Rehabilitation and Return to Work Guidelines

1.10. Myopathies in the Horse

1.10.1. Genetic and Congenital Diseases

1.10.1.1. Myotonia
1.10.1.2. Myopathy due to Polysaccharide Storage
1.10.1.3. Malignant Hyperthermia
1.10.1.4. Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis

1.10.2. Traumatic and Irritative Alterations

1.10.2.1. Fibrotic Myopathy 
1.10.2.2. Bruises and Tears
1.10.2.3. Intramuscular Irritant Injections

1.10.3. Infectious Diseases

1.10.3.1. Abscesses
1.10.3.2. Clostridial Myositis

1.10.4. Ischemic Diseases

1.10.4.1. Post-Anesthetic Myositis

1.10.5. Nutritional Diseases

1.10.5.1. Malnutrition
1.10.5.2. Vitamin E and Selenium Alterations
1.10.5.3. Cachectic Atrophy

1.10.6. Pathologies Associated with Exercise

1.10.6.1. Acute Exertional Rhabdomyolysis
1.10.6.2. Recurrent Exertional Rhabdomyolysis
1.10.6.3. Hypokinetic Atrophy

Module 2. Surgical Pathologies of the Skin and Related Structures

2.1. Examination and Wound Types

2.1.1. Anatomy
2.1.2. Initial Assessment and Emergency Treatment
2.1.3. Wound Classification
2.1.4. Wound Healing Process
2.1.5. Factors Influencing Wound Infection and Wound Healing
2.1.6. Primary and Secondary Intention Wound Healing

2.2. Tissue Management, Hemostasis and Suture Techniques

2.2.1. Incision and Tissue Dissection
2.2.2. Hemostasis

2.2.2.1. Mechanical Hemostasis
2.2.2.2. Ligatures
2.2.2.3. Tourniquet
2.2.2.4. Electrocoagulation
2.2.2.5. Chemical Hemostasis

2.2.3. Tissue Management, Irrigation and Suctioning
2.2.4. Suture Materials Used

2.2.4.1. Instruments
2.2.4.2. Suture Material Selection
2.2.4.3. Needles
2.2.4.4. Drainages

2.2.5. Approaches to Wound Suturing
2.2.6. Suture Patterns

2.3. Bandages

2.3.1. Materials and Bandage Types
2.3.2. Hull Bandage
2.3.3. Distal Extremity Bandage
2.3.4. Full Limb Bandage
2.3.5. Fiberglass Cast. Application and Peculiarities in Young Animals

2.4. Acute Wound Repair

2.4.1. Wound Treatment Medication
2.4.2. Debriding
2.4.3. Emphysema Secondary to Wounds
2.4.4. Negative Pressure Therapy
2.4.5. Topical Treatment Types

2.5. Repair and Management of Chronic and/or Infected Wounds

2.5.1. Particularities of Chronic and Infected Wounds
2.5.2. Causes of Chronic Wounds
2.5.3. Management of Severely Contaminated Wounds
2.5.4. Laser Benefits
2.5.5. Larvotherapy
2.5.6. Cutaneous Fistulas Treatment

2.6. Hoof Wound Treatment. Regional and Intraosseous Perfusion of Antibiotics

2.6.1. Hoof Wounds

2.6.1.1. Coronary Buckle Wounds
2.6.1.2. Heel Wounds
2.6.1.3. Puncture Wounds on the Palm

2.6.2. Antibiotic Perfusion

2.6.2.1. Regional Perfusion
2.6.2.2. Intraosseous Perfusion

2.7. Management and Repair of Synovial Wounds and Joint Lavage

2.7.1. Pathophysiology of Synovial Infection
2.7.2. Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Synovial Wound Infections
2.7.3. Synovial Wound Treatment Joint Lavage
2.7.4. Synovial Wound Prognosis

2.8. Tendon Lacerations Management and Repair

2.8.1. Introduction, Anatomy, Anatomical Implications
2.8.2. Primary care, Examination of the Injury, Immobilization
2.8.3. Case Selection: Surgical or Conservative Treatment
2.8.4. Tendon Lacerations Surgical Repair
2.8.5. Rehabilitation and Return to Work Guidelines after Tenorrhaphy

2.9. Reconstructive Surgery and Skin Grafting

2.9.1. Principles of Basic and Reconstructive Surgery

2.9.1.1. Skin Tension Lines
2.9.1.2. Incision Orientation and Suture Patterns
2.9.1.3. Tension Release Techniques and Plasties

2.9.2. Closure of Skin Defects of Different Shapes
2.9.3. Skin Grafts

2.10. Treatment of Exuberant Granulation Tissue. Sarcoid. Burns

2.10.1. Causes of the Appearance of Exuberant Granulation Tissue
2.10.2. Treatment of Exuberant Granulation Tissue
2.10.3. Sarcoid Appearance in Wounds

2.10.3.1. Wound Associated Sarcoid Type

Module 3. Reproductive and Urinary System

3.1. Urinary System Assessment

3.1.1. Hematological and Biochemical Parameters Related to the Renal System
3.1.2. Urinalysis
3.1.3. Diagnostic Methods in the Urinary System

3.1.3.1. Ultrasound of the Urinary System
3.1.3.2. Endoscopy of the Urinary System
3.1.3.3. Renal Biopsy
3.1.3.4. Water Deprivation Test

3.2. Urinary System Pathologies

3.2.1. Acute Renal Failure

3.2.1.1. Causes of Acute Renal Insufficiency
3.2.1.2. Treatment of Acute Renal Insufficiency

3.2.2. Chronic Renal Failure

3.2.2.1. Causes of Chronic Renal Insufficiency
3.2.2.2. Treatment of Chronic Renal Insufficiency

3.2.3. Urinary Tract Infections

3.2.3.1. Urethritis, Cystitis, Pyelonephritis and their Treatment
3.2.3.2. Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections

3.2.4. Obstructive Pathology of the Urinary Tract

3.2.4.1. Obstructive Pathology Types
3.2.4.2. Treatment

3.2.5. Polyuria and Polydipsia
3.2.6. Urinary Incontinence and Bladder Dysfunction
3.2.7. Urinary Tract Tumors

3.3. Medical Pathologies of the Male Genitalia

3.3.1. Introduction to the Medical Pathology of the Stallion
3.3.2. Testicular Pathology in the Stallion

3.3.2.1. Handling and Treatment of the Cryptorchid Stallion
3.3.2.2. Testicular Inflammatory Disorders
3.3.2.3. Management of Testicular Degeneration in the Stallion
3.3.2.4. Hydrocele Management
3.3.2.5. Testicular Neoplasms in the Stallion
3.3.2.6. Testicular Torsion in the Stallion

3.3.3. Penile Pathologies

3.3.3.1. Penile Trauma Management
3.3.3.2. Penile Tumor Developments
3.3.3.3. Paraphimosis
3.3.3.4. Priaprism

3.3.4. Pathology of Adnexal Glands

3.3.4.1. Ultrasound and Assessment of Adnexal Glands
3.3.4.2. Vesiculitis, Management and Treatment
3.3.4.3. Adnexal Gland Obstruction

3.3.5. Ejaculate Alterations

3.3.5.1. Seminal Assessment 
3.3.5.2. Factors Affecting Fertility
3.3.5.3. Sub-fertile Semen Management

3.3.5.3.1. Semen Centrifugation for Quality Improvement
3.3.5.3.2. Seminal Plasma Substitution
3.3.5.3.3. Semen Filtration to Improve Quality
3.3.5.3.4. Low-Quality Semen Cooling Protocols

3.3.6. Alterations in Stallion Behavior and Mating Management
3.3.7. Advances in Assisted Reproduction in Stallions

3.3.7.1. Seminal Freezing
3.3.7.2. Epididymal Sperm Retrieval after Death or Castration

3.4. Male Field Surgical Procedures

3.4.1. Castration

3.4.1.1. Introduction and Considerations of Castration in Males

3.4.1.1.1. Patient Selection

3.4.1.2. Castration Surgical Techniques

3.4.1.2.1. Open Castration
3.4.1.2.2. Closed Castration
3.4.1.2.3. Semi-Closed or Semi-Open Castration

3.4.1.3. Variations in Surgical Technique

3.4.1.3.1. Different Hemostasis Options
3.4.1.3.2. Primary Skin Closure

3.4.1.4. On-Station Castration Considerations

3.4.1.4.1. Sedation

3.4.1.5. Considerations for Castration under General Anesthetic
3.4.1.6. Inguinal Cryptorchidism

3.4.1.6.1. Presurgical Diagnosis
3.4.1.6.2. Surgical Technique

3.4.2. Penile Amputation

3.4.2.1. Indications
3.4.2.2. Post-Surgical Procedure and Considerations

3.5. Medical and Surgical Pathologies of the Female Genitalia I

3.5.1. Medical Pathologies I

3.5.1.1. Ovarian Pathology

3.5.1.1.1. Ovulation Disorders
3.5.1.1.2. Ovarian Tumors

3.5.1.2. Fallopian Tubes Disorders
3.5.1.3. Medical Uterine Pathology

3.5.1.3.1. Preparation and Procedure for Sample Collection

3.5.1.3.1.1. Cytology
3.5.1.3.1.2. Biopsy

3.5.1.3.2. Types of Endometritis
3.5.1.3.3. Management of the Mare with Uterine Fluid
3.5.1.3.4. Management of Mares with Uterine Cysts

3.6. Medical and Surgical Genital Pathologies of the Mare II

3.6.1. Medical Pathologies II

3.6.1.1. Cervical Pathology

3.6.1.1.1. Cervical Lacerations
3.6.1.1.2. Cervical Adherences

3.6.1.2. Medical Pathology of the Vagina
3.6.1.3. Reproductive Management of the Geriatric Mare
3.6.1.4. Update on Assisted Reproduction in the Mare

3.6.2. Surgical Pathologies of the Mare

3.6.2.1. Normal Vulvar Conformation of the Mare

3.6.2.1.1. Vulvar Examination of the Mare
3.6.2.1.2. Caslick Index

3.6.2.2. Vulvoplasty

3.6.2.2.1. Caslick Surgery Procedure

3.7. Pregnant Mare and Care at Foaling

3.7.1. Mare Gestation

3.7.1.1. Diagnosis of Pregnancy in the Mare
3.7.1.2. Management of Early and Late Multiple Gestation New Techniques
3.7.1.3. Embryo Sexing

3.7.2. Complications During Gestation in the Mare

3.7.2.1. Abortion

3.7.2.1.1. Early Abortion
3.7.2.1.2. Late Miscarriage

3.7.2.2. Uterine Torsion
3.7.2.3. Management and Treatment of Placentitis
3.7.2.4. Management of Placental Abruption

3.7.3. Nutritional Needs of the Pregnant Mare
3.7.4. Ultrasound Evaluation of the Fetus

3.7.4.1. Ultrasound Evaluation at Different Stages of Gestation
3.7.4.2. Fetal Biometry

3.7.5. Methods for Predicting Foaling in the Full-Term Mare
3.7.6. Euthyroid Labor and Delivery

3.7.6.1. Phases of Euthyroid Labor and Delivery

3.8. Complications of Childbirth and Postpartum Care

3.8.1. Dystocic Labor and Delivery

3.8.1.1. Material Necessary for the Resolution of Dystocia
3.8.1.2. Types of Dystocia and Management of Different Fetal Presentations

3.8.2. Peripartum Surgical Emergencies

3.8.2.1. Fetotomy

3.8.2.1.1. Fetotome
3.8.2.1.2. Preparation of the Mare for the Procedure
3.8.2.1.3. Fetotomy in the Field Vs. In the Hospital

3.8.2.2. Cesarean Section
3.8.2.3. Hemorrhage of the Ankle Ligament
3.8.2.4. Uterine Laceration
3.8.2.5. Prepubic Tendon Rupture
3.8.2.6. Rectovaginal Fistula

3.8.3. Postpartum Care

3.8.3.1. Control of Uterine Involution and Establishment of the Postpartum Cycle

3.8.4. Postpartum Complications

3.8.4.1. Placenta Retention
3.8.4.2. Vaginal Lacerations
3.8.4.3. Uterine Bleeding
3.8.4.4. Uterine Prolapse
3.8.4.5. Rectal Prolapse
3.8.4.6. Vulvar Hematoma
3.8.4.7. Uterine Horn Invagination

3.9. Repair of Tears and Lacerations during Labor and Delivery

3.9.1. Management of Vulvar Tears and Lacerations during Labor and Delivery
3.9.2. Classification of Perineal Lacerations
3.9.3. Reconstruction of the Perineal Body

3.9.3.1. Surgical Preparation of the Mare
3.9.3.2. Vaginal Vestibule Sphincter Insufficiency

3.9.3.2.1. Perineal Body Reconstruction, Vestibuloplasty
3.9.3.2.2. Perineal Body Transverse Section, Perineoplasty

3.9.3.2.2.1. Pouret’s Surgery

3.9.3.3. Postoperative Care
3.9.3.4. Complications of Perineal Surgery

3.9.4. Surgical Management of Third-Degree Rectovaginal Tearing
3.9.5. Surgical Management of Rectovaginal Fistulas

3.10. Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of the Reproductive System in Equines 

3.10.1. Introduction to Infectious and Parasitic Diseases of the Reproductive System in Equines
3.10.2. Economic and Productive Significance of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases
3.10.3. Infectious Diseases of the Reproductive Tract

3.10.3.1. Mycoplasmas
3.10.3.2. Contagious Equine Metritis Procedure of Sample Collection for the Determination of Contagious Equine Metritis
3.10.3.3. Equine Viral Arteritis
3.10.3.4. Equine Rhinopneumonitis
3.10.3.5. Leptospirosis

This program will allow you to advance in your career comfortably"