We offer you a quality specialization with which you can expand your competences in the health area. A high-level specialization for professionals seeking to achieve career success”  

Clinical ultrasound or point-of-care ultrasound is the technique of ultrasound examination of the body that is used for the practical practice of medicine, related to the direct observation of the patient and his or her treatment. Using this system enhances the ability to diagnose and treat patients. As such, it has become a popular and valuable tool for guiding diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. 

Aditionally, technological advances have made it possible to reduce the size of the equipment, making it cheaper and more portable, help increased from the capabilities of clinical ultrasound, achieving a notable increase in its use in various situations. 

Clinical ultrasound an impact on each of the six fundamental domains of the current concept of quality of care: patient safety, effectiveness, efficiency, equity, timeliness and humanization. As a result, its use is effective and has become widespread both in primary care and in patients in emergency or critical care situations. 

Throughout this specialization, the student will learn all of the current approaches to the different challenges posed by their profession. A high-level step that will become a process of improvement, not only on a professional level, but also on a personal level.  

This challenge is one of TECH social commitments: to help highly qualified professionals to specialize and to develop their personal, social and labor competencies during the course of their training.   

We will not only take you through the theoretical knowledge we offer, but we will introduce you to another way of studying and learning, one which is simpler, more organic, and efficient. We will work to keep you motivated and to develop your passion for learning, helping you to think and develop critical thinking skills. And we will push you to think and develop critical thinking.   

A high-level scientific training program, supported by advanced technological development and the teaching experience of the best professionals” 

This Advanced master’s degree in Clinical Ultrasound contains the most comprehensive and up-to-date academic course on the university scene. The most important features of the program include:  

• The latest technology in online teaching software    
• A highly visual teaching system, supported by graphic and schematic contents that are easy to assimilate and understand     
• Practical cases presented by practising experts    
• State-of-the-art interactive video systems    
• Teaching supported by remote training     
• Continuous updating and retraining systems    
• Autonomous learning: full compatibility with other occupations    
• Practical exercises for self-evaluation and learning verification.    
• Support groups and educational synergies: questions to the expert, debate and knowledge forums.    
• Communication with the teacher and individual reflection work    
• Content that is accessible from any, fixed or portable device with an Internet connection.    
• Supplementary documentation databases are permanently available, even after the program

A training program created for professionals who aspire to excellence that will allow you to acquire new skills and strategies in a smooth and effective way” 

Our teaching staff is made up of working professionals. In this way, we ensure that we provide you with the training update we are aiming for. A multidisciplinary team of professionals with training and experience in different environments, who will develop the theoretical knowledge in an efficient way, but above all, they will bring their practical knowledge from their own experience to the course.    

The efficiency of the methodological design of this Advanced master’s degree, enhances the student's understanding of the subject. Developed by a multidisciplinary team of e-learning experts, it integrates the latest advances in educational technology. In this way, you will be able to study with a range of easy-to-use and versatile multimedia tools that will give you the necessary skills you need for your specialization.    

The design of this program is based on Problem-Based Learning, an approach that conceives learning as a highly practical process. To achieve this remotely, we will use remote training learning. With the help of an innovative interactive video system, and learning from an expert, you will be able to acquire the knowledge as if you were actually dealing with the scenario you are learning about. A concept that will allow you to integrate and fix learning in a more realistic and permanent way.   

A deep and comprehensive dive into strategies and approaches in application of Clinical Ultrasound”   

We have the best teaching methodology and a multitude of simulated cases that will help you train in real situations” 

The contents of this specialisation degree have been developed by the different Professors on this course, with a clear purpose: to ensure that our students acquire each and every one of the necessary skills to become true experts in this field. The content of this Advanced master’s degree enables you to learn all aspects of the different disciplines involved in this field. A complete and well-structured program that will take you to the highest standards of quality and success.    

Through a very well-organized program, you will be able to access the most advanced knowledge in Clinical Ultrasound”

Module 1. Ultrasound Imaging  

1.1.    Physical Principles  

1.1.1    Sounds and Ultrasound 
1.1.2    The Nature of Sound 
1.1.3    Interaction of Sound with Matter  
1.1.4    The Concept of Ultrasound 
1.1.5    Ultrasound Safety  

1.2.    Ultrasound Sequence  

1.2.1    Ultrasound Emission 
1.2.2    Tissue Interaction 
1.2.3    Echo Formation 
1.2.4    Ultrasound Reception 
1.2.5    Ultrasound Image Generation  

1.3.    Ultrasound Modes  

1.3.1    Modes A and M 
1.3.2    Mode B 
1.3.3    Doppler Modes (Color, Angio, and Spectral)  
1.3.4    Combined Modes  

1.4.    Ultrasound Scanners  

1.4.1    Common Components  
1.4.2    Classification 
1.4.3    Transducers.  

1.5.    Ultrasound Maps and Echonavigation  

1.5.1    Spatial Layout 
1.5.2    Ultrasound Maps 
1.5.3    Transducer movements  
1.5.4    Practical Advice  

1.6.    Trends in Ultrasound  

1.6.1    3D/4D Ultrasound 
1.6.2    Sonoelastography 
1.6.3    Echopotentiation 
1.6.4    Other Modes and Techniques    

 Module 2. Clinical Ultrasound of the Head and Neck  

2.1.    Anatomy Recap  

2.1.1    Cranium and Face 
2.1.2    Tubular Structures 
2.1.3    Glandular Structures  
2.1.4    Vascular Structures  

2.2.    Ocular Ultrasound  

2.2.1    Ultrasound Anatomy of the Eye 
2.2.2    Ocular Ultrasound Technique 
2.2.3    Indications and Contraindications of Ocular Ultrasonography  
2.2.4    Ultrasound Report  

2.3.    Ultrasound of Salivary Glands  

2.3.1    Regional Sonoanatomy 
2.3.2    Technical Aspects 
2.3.3    Most Common Tumor and Non-Tumor Pathologies  

2.4.    Thyroid Ultrasound  

2.4.1    Ultrasound Technique 
2.4.2    Indications 
2.4.3    Normal and Pathological Thyroid  
2.4.4    Diffuse Goiter  

2.5.    Ultrasound Examination of Adenopathies  

2.5.1    Reactive Lymph Nodes  
2.5.2    Non-Specific Inflammatory Diseases 
2.5.3    Specific Lymphadenitis (Tuberculosis) 
2.5.4    Primary Lymph Node Diseases (Sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma)  
2.5.5    Lymph Node Metastases  

2.6.    Ultrasound of the Supra-Aortic Trunks  

2.6.1    Sonoanatomy 
2.6.2    Scanning Protocol 
2.6.3    Extracranial Carotid Pathology 
2.6.4    Vertebral Pathology and Subclavian Artery Steal Syndrome.  

Module 3. Clinical Ultrasound of the Digestive Tract and Major Vessels  

3.1.    Hepatic Ultrasound  

3.1.1    Anatomy 
3.1.2    Liquid Focal Lesions 
3.1.3    Solid Focal Lesions 
3.1.4    Diffuse Liver Disease  
3.1.5    Chronic Liver Disease  

3.2.    Ultrasound of Gallbladder and Bile Ducts  

3.2.1    Anatomy 
3.2.2    Cholelithiasis and Biliary Sludge 
3.2.3    Vesicular Polyps 
3.2.4    Cholecystitis 
3.2.5    Bile Duct Dilatation 
3.2.6    Bile Duct Malformations  

3.3.    Pancreatic Ultrasound  

3.3.1    Anatomy 
3.3.2    Acute Pancreatitis 
3.3.3    Chronic Pancreatitis  

3.4.    Ultrasound of the Major Vessels  

3.4.1    Abdominal Aortic Disease 
3.4.2    Vena Cava Pathology 
3.4.3    Pathology of Celiac Trunk, Hepatic Artery, and Splenic Artery  
3.4.4    Aortomesenteric Clamp Pathology  

3.5.    Ultrasound of the Spleen and Retroperitoneum  

3.5.1    Spleen Anatomy 
3.5.2    Splenic Focal Lesions 
3.5.3    Study of Splenomegaly 
3.5.4    Adrenal Gland Anatomy  
3.5.5    Adrenal Pathology 
3.5.6    Retroperitoneal Lesions  

3.6.    The Digestive Tract  

3.6.1    Ultrasound Examination of the Stomach  
3.6.2    Ultrasound Examination of the Small Intestine  
3.6.3    Ultrasound Examination of the Colon  

Module 4. Clinical Genitourinary Ultrasound  

4.1.    Kidneys and Urinary Tract  

4.1.1    Anatomy Recap 
4.1.2    Structural Alterations 
4.1.3    Hydronephrosis Urinary Tract Dilation 
4.1.4    Kidney Stones, Cysts, and Tumors  
4.1.5    Renal Insufficiency  

4.2.    Urinary Bladder  

4.2.1    Anatomy Recap 
4.2.2    Ultrasound Characteristics  
4.2.3    Benign Bladder Pathology 
4.2.4    Malignant Bladder Pathology  

4.3.    Prostate and Seminal Vesicles  

4.3.1    Anatomy Recap 
4.3.2    Ultrasound Characteristics 
4.3.3    Benign Prostatic Pathology  
4.3.4    Malignant Prostatic Pathology  
4.3.5    Benign Seminal Pathology 
4.3.6    Malignant Seminal Pathology  

4.4.    The Scrotum  

4.4.1    Anatomy Recap 
4.4.2    Ultrasound Characteristics  
4.4.3    Benign Scrotal Pathology  
4.4.4    Malignant Scrotal Pathology  

4.5.    The Uterus  

4.5.1    Anatomy Recap 
4.5.2    Ultrasound Characteristics  
4.5.3    Benign Uterine Pathology  
4.5.4    Malignant Uterine Pathology  

4.6.    The Ovaries  

4.6.1    Anatomy Recap 
4.6.2    Ultrasound Characteristics of the Ovaries  
4.6.3    Benign Ovarian Pathology 
4.6.4    Malignant Ovarian Pathology    

Module 5. Musculoskeletal Clinical Ultrasound  

5.1.    Anatomy Recap  

5.1.1    Anatomy of the Shoulder 
5.1.2    Anatomy of the Elbow 
5.1.3    Anatomy of the Wrist and Hand 
5.1.4    Anatomy of the Hip and Thigh 
5.1.5    Anatomy of the Knee 
5.1.6    Anatomy of the Ankle, Foot, and Leg  

5.2.    Technical Requirements  

5.2.1    Introduction 
5.2.2    Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Equipment 
5.2.3    Ultrasound Imaging Methods  
5.2.4    Validation, Reliability, and Standardization 
5.2.5    Ultrasound-Guided Procedures  

5.3.    Examination Technique  

5.3.1    Basic Concepts in Ultrasound 
5.3.2    Rules for Correct Examination 
5.3.3    Examination Technique in Ultrasound Study of the Shoulder 
5.3.4    Examination Technique in Ultrasound Study of the Elbow 
5.3.5    Examination Technique in Ultrasound Study of the Wrist and Hand  
5.3.6    Examination Technique in Ultrasound Study of the Hip 
5.3.7    Examination Technique in Ultrasound Study of the Thigh 
5.3.8    Examination Technique in Ultrasound Study of the Knee 
5.3.9    Examination Technique in Ultrasound Study of the Leg and Ankle  

5.4.    Sonoanatomy of the Musculoskeletal System: I. Upper Extremities  

5.4.1    Introduction 
5.4.2    Shoulder Ultrasound Anatomy 
5.4.3    Elbow Ultrasound Anatomy 
5.4.4    Wrist and Hand Ultrasound Anatomy  

5.5.    Sonoanatomy of the Musculoskeletal System: II. Lower Extremities  

5.5.1    Introduction 
5.5.2    Hip Ultrasound Anatomy  
5.5.3    Thigh Ultrasound Anatomy 
5.5.4    Knee Ultrasound Anatomy  
5.5.5    Ultrasound Anatomy 
5.5.6    Of the Leg and Ankle  

5.6.    Ultrasound in the Most Frequent Acute Injuries of the Musculoskeletal System 

5.6.1    Introduction 
5.6.2    Muscle Injuries 
5.6.3    Tendon Injuries 
5.6.4    Ligament Injuries 
5.6.5    Subcutaneous Tissue Injuries 
5.6.6    Bone Injuries and Joint Injuries  
5.6.7    Peripheral Nerve Injuries.  

Module 6. Clinical Vascular Ultrasound in Primary Care

6.1.    Vascular Ultrasound  

6.1.1    Description and Applications 
6.1.2    Technical Requirements 
6.1.3    Procedure 
6.1.4    Interpretation of Results - Risks and Benefits  
6.1.5    Limitations  

6.2.    Doppler 

6.2.1    Fundamentals 
6.2.2    Applications 
6.2.3    Types of Echo-Doppler  
6.2.4    Color Doppler 
6.2.5    Power Doppler 
6.2.6    Dynamic Doppler  

6.3.    Normal Ultrasound of the Venous System  

6.3.1    Anatomy Recap: Venous System of the Upper Extremities  
6.3.2    Anatomy Recap: Venous System of the Lower Extremities  
6.3.3    Normal Physiology 
6.3.4    Regions of Interest  
6.3.5    Functional Tests  
6.3.6    Report Vocabulary  

6.4.    Upper Extremity Chronic Venous Disease  

6.4.1    Definition 
6.4.2    CEAP Classification 
6.4.3    Morphological Criteria  
6.4.4    Examination Technique 
6.4.5    Diagnostic Manoeuvres  
6.4.6    Type of Report  

6.5.    Acute/Subacute Vascular Thrombosis of the Upper Extremities  

6.5.1    Anatomy Recap 
6.5.2    Manifestations of Vascular Thrombosis of the Upper Extremities  
6.5.3    Ultrasound Characteristics 
6.5.4    Examination Technique 
6.5.5    Diagnostic Manoeuvres 
6.5.6    Technical Limitations  

6.6.    Acute/Subacute Vascular Thrombosis of the Lower Extremities  

6.6.1    Description 
6.6.2    Manifestations of Vascular Thrombosis of the Lower Extremities  
6.6.3    Ultrasound Characteristics 
6.6.4    Examination Technique 
6.6.5    Differential Diagnosis 
6.6.6    Vascular Report   

Module 7. Clinical Ultrasound in Emergencies  

7.1.    Ultrasound in Respiratory Failure  

7.1.1    Spontaneous Pneumothorax  
7.1.2    Bronchospasm 
7.1.3    Pneumonia 
7.1.4    Pleural Effusion  
7.1.5    Heart Failure  

7.2.    Ultrasound in Shock and Cardiac Arrest  

7.2.1    Hypovolemic Shock  
7.2.2    Obstructive Shock 
7.2.3    Cardiogenic Shock  
7.2.4    Distributive Shock  
7.2.5    Cardiac Arrest  

7.3.    Ultrasound in Polytrauma: Eco-FAST  

7.3.1    Pericardial Effusion 
7.3.2    Hemothorax and Pneumothorax 
7.3.3    Hepatorenal or Perihepatic Effusion  
7.3.4    Splenorenal or Perisplenic Effusion  
7.3.5    Perivesical Effusion 
7.3.6    Post-Traumatic Aortic Dissection 
7.3.7    Musculoskeletal Injuries  

7.4.    Genitourinary Emergencies  

7.4.1    Obstructive Uropathy  
7.4.2    Uterine Emergencies 
7.4.3    Ovarian Emergencies 
7.4.4    Bladder Emergencies 
7.4.5    Prostatic Emergencies Scrotal Emergencies  

7.5.    Acute Abdomen  

7.5.1    Cholecystitis 
7.5.2    Pancreatitis 
7.5.3    Mesenteric Ischemia 
7.5.4    Appendicitis 
7.5.5    Perforation of the Hollow Viscus  

7.6.    Ultrasound in Sepsis  

7.6.1    Hemodynamic Diagnosis  
7.6.2    Source Detection 
7.6.3    Handling of Liquids    

Module 8. Ultrasound-Guided Procedures in Primary Care

8.1.    Ultrasound-Guided FNA  

8.1.1    Indications/Contraindications Material 
8.1.2    Informed Consent 
8.1.3    Procedure  
8.1.4    Results 
8.1.5    Complications 
8.1.6    Quality Control  

8.2.    Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Biopsy  

8.2.1    Informed Consent 
8.2.2.    Biopsy Materials (Types of Biopsy Needles)  
8.2.3    Procedure 
8.2.4    Complications 
8.2.5    Care 
8.2.6    Quality Control  

8.3.    Drainage of Abscesses and Fluid Collections  

8.3.1    Indications and Contraindications 
8.3.2    Informed Consent 
8.3.3    Requirements and Materials 
8.3.4    Technique and Approach: Direct Puncture (Trocar Technique) vs. Step to Step (Seldinger Technique)  
8.3.5    Catheter Management and Patient Care  
8.3.6    Side Effects and Complications  
8.3.7    Quality Control  

8.4.    Ultrasound-Guided Thoracentesis, Pericardiocentesis, and Paracentesis  

8.4.1    Indications and Advantages over the Anatomical Reference Technique 
8.4.2    Basic Aspects: Ultrasound Specifications and Ultrasound Anatomy 
8.4.3    Ultrasound Specifications and Pericardial Drainage Technique 
8.4.4    Ultrasound Specifications and Thoracic Drainage Technique 
8.4.5    Ultrasound Specifications and Abdominal Drainage Technique 
8.4.6    Common Problems, Complications, and Practical Advice  

8.5.    Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Cannulation  

8.5.1    Indications and Advantages over the Anatomical Reference Technique  
8.5.2    Current Evidence on Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Cannulation  
8.5.3    Basic Aspects: Ultrasound Specifications and Ultrasound Anatomy  
8.5.4    Ultrasound-Guided Central Venous Cannulation Technique  
8.5.5    Single Peripheral Catheter and Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) Cannulation Technique  
8.5.6    Arterial Cannulation Technique  

8.6.    Ultrasound-Guided Infiltration and Chronic Pain Treatment  

8.6.1    Infiltrations and Pain 
8.6.2    Large Joints: Intra-Articular and Myotendinous  
8.6.3    Small Joints: Intra-Articular and Myotendinous  
8.6.4    Spinal Column   

Module 9. Other Uses of Clinical Ultrasound

9.1.    Radial Breast Ultrasound  

9.1.1    Anatomy Recap 
9.1.2    Technical Requirements 
9.1.3    Ultrasound Slices 
9.1.4    Ultrasound Characteristics Breast Pathology 
9.1.5    Breast Elastography  

9.2.    Dermatological Ultrasound  

9.2.1    Echoanatomy of the Skin and Appendages 
9.2.2    Ultrasound of Skin Tumors 
9.2.3    Ultrasound of Inflammatory Skin Diseases  
9.2.4    Ultrasound in Dermoesthetics and its Complications  

9.3.    Introduction to Cerebral Clinical Ultrasound  

9.3.1    Brain Anatomy and Physiology of Ultrasound Interest  
9.3.2    Ultrasound Techniques and Procedures 
9.3.3    Structural Alterations 
9.3.4    Functional Alterations  
9.3.5    Intracraneal Hypertension  

9.4.    Ultrasound in Diabetes  

9.4.1    Aortic/Carotid Atheromatosis in Diabetics  
9.4.2    Parenchymal Echogenicity in Diabetic Patients  
9.4.3    Biliary Lithiasis in Diabetic Patients 
9.4.4    Neurogenic Bladder in Diabetic Patients  
9.4.5    Cardiomyopathy in Diabetic Patients  

9.5.    Ultrasound in the Study of Frailty in the Elderly  

9.5.1    Frail Elderly 
9.5.2    ABCDE Ultrasound with Frail Elderly 
9.5.3    Ultrasound Examination of Sarcopenia 
9.5.4    Ultrasound Examination of Cognitive Deterioration  

9.6.    Ultrasound Report  

9.6.1    Ultrasound Note 
9.6.2    Ultrasound Derivation 
9.6.3    Ultrasound Report in PC  

Module 10. Clinical Cardiac Ultrasound

10.1.    Cardiac Anatomy

10.1.1    Basic Three-Dimensional Anatomy
10.1.2    Basic Cardiac Physiology

10.2.    Technical Requirements to Perform a Cardiac Ultrasound

10.2.1    Probes
10.2.2    Characteristics of the Equipment used in a Cardiac Ultrasound

10.3.    Perineal Windows and Cardiac Ultrasound

10.3.1    Windows and Maps Applied in Emergencies and Intensive Care Situations
10.3.2    Basic Doppler (Color, Pulsating, Continuous and Tissue Doppler)

10.4.    Structural Alterations

10.4.1    Basic Measures in Cardiac Ultrasound
10.4.2    Thrombi
10.4.3    Suspected Endocarditis
10.4.4    Valvular Heart Disease
10.4.5    Pericardium
10.4.6    How Is an Ultrasound Reported in Emergency and Intensive Care?

10.5.    Hemodynamic Ultrasound

10.5.1    Left Ventricular Hemodynamics
10.5.2    Right Ventricular Hemodynamics
10.5.3    Preload Dynamic Tests

10.6.    Transesophageal Echocardiogram

10.6.1    Techniques
10.6.2    Indications in Emergencies and Intensive Care Cases
10.6.3    Ultrasound-Guided Study of Cardioembolism

Module 11. Clinical Thoracic Ultrasound

11.1.    Fundamentals of Thoracic Ultrasound and Anatomical Review
11.2.    Technical Requirements Examination Technique
11.3.    Ultrasound of the Thoracic Wall and the Mediastinum
11.4.    Ultrasound of the Pleura
11.5.    Pulmonary Ultrasound
11.6.    Diaphragmatic Ultrasound

Module 12. Vascular Clinical Ultrasound in Emergencies and Critical Care

12.1.    Anatomy Recap

12.1.1    Venous Vascular Anatomy of the Upper Limbs
12.1.2    Arterial Vascular Anatomy of the Upper Limbs
12.1.3    Venous Vascular Anatomy of the Lower Limbs
12.1.4    Arterial Vascular Anatomy of the Lower Limbs

12.2.    Technical Requirements

12.2.1    Ultrasound Scanners and Probes
12.2.2    Curve Analysis
12.2.3    Image-Color Media
12.2.4    Echo Contrasts

12.3.    Examination Technique

12.3.1    Positioning
12.3.2    Insonation Examining Technique
12.3.3    Study of Normal Curves and Speeds

12.4.    Large Thoracoabdominal Vessels

12.4.1    Venous Vascular Anatomy of the Abdomen
12.4.2    Arterial Vascular Anatomy of the Abdomen
12.4.3    Abdomino-Pelvic Venous Pathology
12.4.4    Abdomino-Pelvic Arterial Pathology

12.5.    Supra-Aortic Trunks

12.5.1    Venous Vascular Anatomy of the Supra-Aortic Trunks
12.5.2    Arterial Vascular Anatomy of the Supra-Aortic Trunks
12.5.3    Venous Pathology of the Supra-Aortic Trunks
12.5.4    Arterial Pathology of the Supra-Aortic Trunks

12.6.    Peripheral arterial and venous circulation

12.6.1    Venous Pathology of Lower and Upper Limbs
12.6.2    Arterial Pathology of Lower and Upper Limbs

Module 13. Clinical Cerebral Ultrasound

13.1.    Cerebral Hemodynamics

13.1.1    Carotid Circulation
13.1.2    Vertebro-Basilar Circulation
13.1.3    Cerebral Microcirculation

13.2.    Ultrasound Modes

13.2.1    Transcraneal Doppler
13.2.2    Cerebral Ultrasound
13.2.3    Special Tests (vascular reaction, HITS, etc)

13.3.    Acoustic Windows and Examination Technique

13.3.1    Acoustic Windows
13.3.2    Operator Position
13.3.3    Study Sequence

13.4.    Structural Alterations

13.4.1    Collections and Masses
13.4.2    Vascular Anomalies
13.4.3    Hydrocephalus
13.4.4    Venous Pathology

13.5.    Hemodynamic Alterations

13.5.1    Spectral Analysis
13.5.2    Hyperdynamics
13.5.3    Hypodynamics
13.5.4    Asystole of the Brain

13.6.    Ocular Ultrasound

13.6.1    Pupil Size and Reactivity
13.6.2    Diameter of the Optic Nerve Sheath

Module 14. Clinical Abdominal Ultrasound

14.1.    Anatomy Recap

14.1.1    Abdominal Cavity
14.1.2    Liver
14.1.3    Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
14.1.4    Retroperitoneum and Great Vessels
14.1.5    Pancreas
14.1.6    Spleen
14.1.7    Kidneys
14.1.8    Bladder
14.1.9    Prostate and Seminal Vesicles
14.1.10    Uterus and Ovaries

14.2.    Technical Requirements

14.2.1    Ultrasound Equipment
14.2.2    Types of Transductors for Abdominal Examination
14.2.3    Basic Ultrasound Settings
14.2.4    Patient Preparation

14.3.    Examination Technique

14.3.1    Study Maps
14.3.2    Probe Movements
14.3.3    Visualization of Organs According to Conventional Sectioning
14.3.4    Systematic Study

14.4.    ECO-FAST Methodology

14.4.1    Equipment and Transductors
14.4.2    ECO-FAST I
14.4.3    ECO-FAST II
14.4.4    ECO-FAST III Perivesical Effusion
14.4.5    ECO-FAST IV Pericardial Effusion
14.4.6    ECO-FAST V. Rule out ABD Aortic Aneurysm

14.5.    Ultrasound of the Digestive System

14.5.1    Liver
14.5.2    Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
14.5.3    Pancreas
14.5.4    Spleen

14.6.    Genitourinary Ultrasound

14.6.1    Kidneys
14.6.2    Urinary Bladder
14.6.3    Male Genital System
14.6.4    Female Genital System

Module 15. Ultrasonographic Approach to the Major Syndromes

15.1.    Cardiac Arrest

15.1.1    Cerebral Hemodynamics
15.1.2    Brain Damage in Cardiac Arrest
15.1.3    Usefulness of Ultrasound in Resuscitation
15.1.4    Usefulness of Ultrasound After Recovery of Spontaneous Circulation

15.2.    Shock

15.2.1    Ventricular Filling Pressure
15.2.2    Heart Failure
15.2.3    Prediction of the Hemodynamic response to Intravascular Volume Administration
15.2.4    Ultrasound Evaluation of Pulmonary Edema
15.2.5    Ultrasound Search for Sources of Sepsis

15.3.    Respiratory Failure

15.3.1    Acute Respiratory Failure: diagnosis
15.3.2    Abrupt Hypoxemia in Patients on Mechanical Ventilation
15.3.3    Monitoring of Recruitment Maneuvers
15.3.4    Evaluation of Extravascular Lung Water

15.4.    Acute Renal Failure

15.4.1    Hydronephrosis
15.4.2    Lithiasis
15.4.3    Acute Tubular Necrosis
15.4.4    Doppler Ultrasound in Acute Renal Failure
15.4.5    Seminal Vesicle Ultrasound in Acute Renal Failure

15.5.    Trauma

15.5.1.    FAST and e-FAST (Hemo and Pneumothorax)
15.5.2    Ultrasound Evaluation in Special Situations
15.5.3    Hemodynamic Evaluation Focused on Trauma

15.6.    Stroke

15.6.1    Justification
15.6.2    Initial Assessment
15.6.3    Ultrasound Assessment
15.6.4    Ultrasound-Guided Management

Module 16. Echoguided Procedures in Emergencies and Critical Care 

16.1.    Airway

16.1.1    Advantages and Disadvantages
16.1.2    Basic Aspects: Ultrasound Specifications and Ultrasound Anatomy
16.1.3    Orotracheal Intubation Technique
16.1.4    Percutaneous Tracheotomy Technique
16.1.5    Common Problems, Complications, and Practical Advice

16.2.    Vascular Cannulation

16.2.1    Indications and Advantages of the Anatomical Reference Technique
16.2.2    Current Evidence on Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Cannulation
16.2.3    Basic Aspects: Ultrasound Specifications and Ultrasound Anatomy
16.2.4    Ultrasound-Guided Central Venous Cannulation Technique
16.2.5    Single Peripheral Catheter and Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) Cannulation Technique
16.2.6    Arterial Cannulation Technique
16.2.7    Implementation of an Ultrasound-Guided Vascular Cannulation Protocol
16.2.8    Common Problems, Complications, and Practical Advice

16.3.    Pericardiocentesis and Thoracentesis

16.3.1    Indications and Advantages of the Anatomical Reference Technique
16.3.2    Basic Aspects: Ultrasound Specifications and Ultrasound Anatomy
16.3.3    Ultrasound Specifications and Pericardial Drainage Technique
16.3.4    Ultrasound Specifications and Thoracic Drainage Technique
16.3.5    Common Problems, Complications, and Practical Advice

16.4.    Paracentesis

16.4.1    Indications and Advantages of the Anatomical Reference Technique
16.4.2    Basic Aspects: Ultrasound Specifications and Ultrasound Anatomy
16.4.3    Ultrasound Specifications and Technique
16.4.4    Common Problems, Complications, and Practical Advice

16.5.    Lumbar Puncture

16.5.1    Indications and Advantages of the Anatomical Reference Technique
16.5.2    Basic Aspects: Ultrasound Specifications and Ultrasound Anatomy
16.5.3    Techniques
16.5.4    Common Problems, Complications, and Practical Advice

16.6.    Other Drainage and Probing

16.6.1    Suprapubic Probing
16.6.2    Collection Drainage
16.6.3    Extraction of Foreign Bodies

Module 17. Clinical Pediatric Ultrasound

17.1.    Technical Requirements

17.1.1    Ultrasound at the Patient's Bedside
17.1.2    Physical Space
17.1.3    Basic Equipment
17.1.4    Equipment for Interventionalist Ultrasounds
17.1.5    Ultrasound Scanners and Probes

17.2.    Examination Technique

17.2.1    Pediatric Patient Preparation
17.2.2    Tests and Probes
17.2.3    Ultrasound Section Maps
17.2.4    Examination System
17.2.5    Ultrasound-Guided Procedures
17.2.6    Images and Documentation
17.2.7    Test Report

17.3.    Pediatric sonoanatomy and sonophysiology

17.3.1    Normal Anatomy
17.3.2    Sonoanatomy
17.3.3    Sonophysiology of a Child in the Different Stages of Development
17.3.4    Variants of Normality
17.3.5    Dynamic Ultrasound

17.4.    Ultrasound of the Major Pediatric Syndromes

17.4.1    Emergency Thorax Ultrasound
17.4.2    Acute Abdomen
17.4.3    Acute Scrotum

17.5.    Ultrasound-Guided Procedures in Pediatrics

17.5.1    Vascular Access
17.5.2    Extraction of Superficial Foreign Bodies
17.5.3    Pleural Effusion

17.6.    Introduction to Neonatal Clinical Ultrasound

17.6.1    Emergency Transfontanellar Ultrasound
17.6.2    Most Common Examination Indications in Emergencies
17.6.3    Most Common Pathologies in Emergencies 

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