Thanks to this Professional master’s degree, you will update on antibiotic therapy by becoming familiar with the most important advances in antibiotic resistance, and you will be able to immediately apply this knowledge to daily practice” 

Antimicrobial resistance has become one of the greatest threats to public health today. Faced with this reality, efforts are focused on finding an answer to the cause and on developing new antibiotics while reducing costs.

Precisely because of this new reality where treatment against increasingly resistant bacteria is of particular concern, laboratories are under greater pressure to combat this danger, which requires pharmacists to continuously update their knowledge in the area, to keep abreast of both progress and the latest recommendations in the use of antituberculosis or respiratory quinolones. For this reason, TECH has created an academic program that brings together a specialized and multidisciplinary teaching team, which will provide professionals with the latest information available on the matter.

Pharmacists are, therefore, presented with a program that will teach them the progress and latest developments in microbiology, antibiotics, antiparasitics or the development of antibiotic resistance in only four months’ time. For this purpose, the syllabus takes a theoretical-practical approach and includes multimedia resources and the latest technology applied to academic teaching.

TECH offers a quality academic program, where professionals will be able to update their knowledge in Advances in Antibiotic Therapy and Antibiotic Resistance. Students can conveniently take it from a computer or tablet with an Internet connection, as they will find the program syllabus on the virtual campus. Thus, without face-to-face classes or fixed schedules, professionals can distribute the course load as they wish, while balancing their other responsibilities with an educational experience adapted to the times.

TECH provides you with innovative didactic tools for you to learn more about the latest news in pest control”

This Professional master’s degree in Advances in Antibiotic Therapy and Antibiotic Resistance contains the most complete and up-to-date educational program on the market. Its most notable features are:

• The development of case studies presented by experts focused on advances in antibiotic therapy and antibiotic resistance
• The graphic, schematic, and practical contents with which they are created, provide scientific and practical information on the disciplines that are essential for professional practice
• Practical exercises where self-assessment can be used to improve learning
• Its special emphasis on innovative methodologies in Pediatric Orthopedics
• Theoretical lessons, questions to the expert, debate forums on controversial topics, and individual reflection assignments
• Content that is accessible from any fixed or portable device with an Internet connection

Delve into new therapeutic modalities to control morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases”

The program’s teaching staff includes professionals from the sector who contribute their work experience to this program, as well as renowned specialists from leading societies and prestigious universities.

The multimedia content, developed with the latest educational technology, will provide the professional with situated and contextual learning, i.e., a simulated environment that will provide immersive specialization programmed to learn in real situations.

This program is designed around Problem-Based Learning, whereby the professional must try to solve the different professional practice situations that arise throughout the program. For this purpose, the student will be assisted by an innovative interactive video system created by renowned and experienced experts.

This 100% online program gives you the opportunity to update your knowledge of antibiotic resistance without neglecting your professional responsibilities"

It will take you through the most recent changes in the management of herpes antivirals"

The syllabus for this Professional master’s degree has been developed by a specialized teaching team versed in Antibiotic Therapy and Antibiotic Resistance. Their extensive knowledge in the field will provide pharmacists with the most advanced and recent knowledge available. Over 12 months, students will take a deep look into progress made in microbiology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and antibiotic resistance. All this includes multimedia resources that will facilitate students' update.

Antivirals, antimicrobials, treatments, adverse effects... All this in a 100% online Professional master’s degreedesigned for pharmacists like you” 

Module 1. Overview of Microbiology

1.1. General Elements of Microbiology

1.1.1. The Role of Microbiology in the Study of Infectious Diseases
1.1.2. Structure and Function of the Microbiology Laboratory
1.1.3. Indication and Interpretation of Microbiological Studies

1.2. Virology

1.2.1. General Characteristics of Viruses
1.2.2. Classification and Main Viruses Affecting Humans
1.2.3. Emerging Viruses
1.2.4. Virological Studies

1.3. Bacteriology: Current Concepts for Antibiotic Therapeutics

1.3.1. General Characteristics of Bacteria
1.3.2. Classification and Main Bacteria Affecting Humans
1.3.3. Microbiological Studies

1.4. Mycology

1.4.1. General Characteristics of Fungi
1.4.2. Classification and Main Fungi Affecting Humans
1.4.3. Mycological Studies

1.5. Parasitology

1.5.1. General Characteristics of Parasites
1.5.2. Classification and Main Parasites Affecting Humans
1.5.3. Parasitological Studies

1.6. The Microbiological Sample: Collection, Storage and Transport

1.6.1. The Microbiological Sampling Process: Preanalytical, Analytical, and Postanalytical Stages
1.6.2. Sampling Requirements for the Main Microbiological Studies used in Daily Clinical Practice: Blood, Urine, Stool, Sputum

1.7. Antibiogram: New Concepts for Interpretation and Utilization

1.7.1. Traditional Antibiogram Reading
1.7.2. Interpreted Antibiogram Reading and the Mechanisms of New Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes
1.7.3. Antimicrobial Mapping and Resistance Patterns

1.8. Rapid Diagnostic Methods: News about their Application

1.8.1. Rapid Diagnostic Methods for Viruses
1.8.2. Rapid Diagnostic Methods for Bacteria
1.8.3. Rapid Diagnostic Methods for Fungi
1.8.4. Rapid Diagnostic Methods for Parasites

1.9. Molecular Biology in Microbiological Diagnostics: Its Role in the Future

1.9.1. Development and Application of Molecular Biology in Microbiological Methods

1.10. Microbiology: Challenges to Improve Antibiotic Usage and Control Antibiotic Resistance

1.10.1. Challenges and Obstacles for Microbiological Diagnostics
1.10.2. Future Challenges of Microbiology Laboratory Management in the Correct and Rational Use of Antibiotics
1.10.3. Future Microbiological Techniques to Study Antibiotic Resistance

Module 2. Introduction to Pharmacology and Treatment

2.1. Utility of Clinical Pharmacology

2.1.1. Concept
2.1.2. Object of Study
2.1.3. Branches of Pharmacology
2.1.4. Use of Clinical Pharmacology

2.2. Pharmacokinetics: Certainties and Contradictions in its Practical Use

2.2.1. The Dynamics of Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Elimination of Drugs, Especially Antimicrobials

2.3. Pharmacodynamics: Its Use in the Practical Use of New Antimicrobials

2.3.1. Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Drugs, Especially Antimicrobials
2.3.2. Drug-Drug Interactions of Antibiotics with Other Medications
2.3.3. Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics Models in Antibiotic Use

2.4. Pharmacovigilance

2.4.1. Concept
2.4.2. Objectives
2.4.3. Antibiotic Adverse Reactions

2.5. Pharmacoepidemiology: Update on Antimicrobial Research

2.5.1. Concept
2.5.2. Objectives
2.5.3. Drug Usage Studies

2.6. Clinical Trials

2.6.1. Concept
2.6.2. Methodology
2.6.3. Objectives
2.6.4. The Stages of Clinical Trials
2.6.5. Uses

2.7. Meta-Analysis

2.7.1. Concept
2.7.2. Methodology
2.7.3. Objectives
2.7.4. Uses

2.8. Rational Treatment: From Old to New and Evidence-Based Medicine

2.8.1. Stages of Rational Treatment
2.8.2. Use and Importance of Rational Treatment

2.9. Clinical Practice Guidelines: New Approaches to Practical Application

2.9.1. Creating Clinical Practice Guidelines
2.9.2. The Impact of Clinical Practice Guidelines

2.10. Clinical Pharmacology: Advances and Future Perspectives for the Improvement of Antibiotic Treatment

2.10.1. Research Activities and Scientific Advances: Pharmacy Fiction?
2.10.2. Molecular Pharmacology and its Role in Antibiotic Therapy

Module 3. Antimicrobials: General Aspects

3.1. History and Development of Antimicrobials

3.1.1. Emergence and Development of Antimicrobial Treatments
3.1.2. Impact on Morbimortality of Infectious Diseases

3.2. Classifications: Practical and Future Use of Each One of Them

3.2.1. Chemical Classification
3.2.2. Classification by Antimicrobial Action
3.2.3. Classification According to their Antimicrobial Spectrum

3.3. Update on the Mechanisms of Action of Antimicrobials

3.3.1. Main Antimicrobial Mechanisms of Action

3.4. General and Latest Elements of Antimicrobial Treatments

3.4.1. General and Recent Concepts in the Use of Antimicrobials
3.4.2. New Developments in the Use of Antimicrobial Combinations
3.4.3. Interactions between Antimicrobials

3.5. Antibiotic Prophylaxis: Its Current Role in Surgical Morbidity and Mortality

3.5.1. Concept
3.5.2. Objectives
3.5.3. Types of Antibiotic Prophylaxis
3.5.4. Perioperative Antibiotic Prophylaxis

3.6. Phased Antibiotic Treatment: Current Criteria

3.6.1. Concept
3.6.2. Principles
3.6.3. Objectives

3.7. Latest Concepts in the Use of Antibiotics in Renal Failure

3.7.1. Renal Excretion of Antibiotics
3.7.2. Renal Toxicity of Antibiotics
3.7.3. Dose Modification in Renal Failure

3.8. Antibiotics and the Blood-Brain Barrier: Recent Findings

3.8.1. The Passage of Antibiotics through the Blood-Brain Barrier
3.8.2. Antibiotics in Central Nervous System Infections

3.9. Antibiotics and Liver Failure: Progress and Future Challenges

3.9.1. Hepatic Metabolism of Antibiotics
3.9.2. Hepatic Toxicity of Antimicrobials
3.9.3. Dose Adjustment in Hepatic Insufficiency

3.10. Antibiotic Use in the Immunosuppressed: The New Paradigm

3.10.1. Immune Response to Infection
3.10.2. Main Opportunistic Germs in the Immunosuppressed
3.10.3. Principles for the Choice and Duration of Antibiotic Therapy in the Immunosuppressed

3.11. Antibiotics in Pregnancy and Lactation: The Safety of their Use According to the Latest Scientific Findings

3.11.1. The Passage of Antibiotics through the Placenta
3.11.2. Antibiotics and Breast Milk
3.11.3. Teratogenicity of Antibiotics

Module 4. Antivirals

4.1. General Features of Antivirals

4.1.1. Classification
4.1.2. Main Indications of Antivirals

4.2. Action Mechanisms

4.2.1. Action Mechanisms of Antivirals

4.3. Antivirals for Hepatitis: New Recommendations and Future Research Projections

4.3.1. Specific Viral Hepatitis
4.3.2. Hepatitis B Treatment
4.3.3. Hepatitis C Treatment

4.4. Antivirals for Respiratory Infections: Current Scientific Evidence

4.4.1. Main Respiratory Viruses
4.4.2. Influenza Treatment
4.4.3. Other Respiratory System Virus Treatments

4.5. Antivirals for Herpes Viruses: Recent Changes in Management

4.5.1. Main Herpes Virus Infections
4.5.2. Herpes Simplex Infection Treatment
4.5.3. Treatment of Varicella Zoster Virus Infections

4.6. Antiretrovirals for HIV: Certainties and Controversies Future Challenges

4.6.1. Classification of Antiretrovirals
4.6.2. Mechanisms of Action of Antiretrovirals
4.6.3. Antiretroviral Treatment of HIV Infection
4.6.4. Adverse Reactions
4.6.5. Antiretroviral Treatment Failure

4.7. Topical Antivirals

4.7.1. Main Viral Infections of the Skin and Mucous Membranes
4.7.2. Topical Antivirals

4.8. Update on Interferons: Their Use in Viral and Non-Infectious Diseases

4.8.1. Classification and Action of Interferons
4.8.2. Uses of Interferons
4.8.3. Adverse Reactions of Interferons

4.9. New Areas of Antiviral Development

4.9.1. Antibiotics in Viral Hemorrhagic Diseases
4.9.2. Future Prospects for Antiviral Chemotherapy

Module 5. Antibiotics I

5.1. Advances in the Knowledge of the Synthesis and Structure of the Beta-Lactam Ring

5.1.1. Structure of the Beta-Lactam Ring
5.1.2. Drugs that Act on the Synthesis of the Beta-Lactam Ring

5.2. Penicillins: New Drugs and their Future Role in Anti-Infection Treatments

5.2.1. Classification
5.2.2. Mechanism of Action
5.2.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
5.2.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
5.2.5. Therapeutic Uses
5.2.6. Adverse Effects
5.2.7. Presentation and Dosage

5.3. Antistaphylococcal Penicillins: From Old to New and their Practical Implications

5.3.1. Classification
5.3.2. Mechanism of Action
5.3.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
5.3.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
5.3.5. Therapeutic Uses
5.3.6. Adverse Effects
5.3.7. Presentation and Dosage

5.4. Antipseudomonal Penicillins: Current Resistance Challenge

5.4.1. Classification
5.4.2. Action Mechanism
5.4.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
5.4.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
5.4.5. Therapeutic Uses
5.4.6. Adverse Effects
5.4.7. Presentation and Dosage

5.5. Cephalosporins: Present and Future

5.5.1. Classification
5.5.2. Action Mechanism
5.5.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
5.5.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
5.5.5. Therapeutic Uses
5.5.6. Adverse Effects
5.5.7. Presentation and Dosage

5.6. Oral Cephalosporins: New Developments in their Outpatient Use

5.6.1. Classification
5.6.2. Action Mechanism
5.6.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
5.6.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
5.6.5. Therapeutic Uses
5.6.6. Adverse Effects
5.6.7. Presentation and Dosage

5.7. Monobactams

5.7.1. Classification
5.7.2. Action Mechanism
5.7.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
5.7.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
5.7.5. Therapeutic Uses
5.7.6. Adverse Effects
5.7.7. Presentation and Dosage

5.8. Carbapenemics

5.8.1. Classification
5.8.2. Action Mechanism
5.8.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
5.8.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
5.8.5. Therapeutic Uses
5.8.6. Adverse Effects
5.8.7. Presentation and Dosage

5.9. Beta-Lactamases: The Recent Discovery of Strains and their Role in Resistance

5.9.1. Classification
5.9.2. Action on Beta-Lactams

5.10. Beta-Lactamases Inhibitors

5.10.1. Classification
5.10.2. Action Mechanism
5.10.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
5.10.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
5.10.5. Therapeutic Uses
5.10.6. Adverse Effects
5.10.7. Presentation and Dosage

Module 6. Antibiotics II

6.1. Glycopeptides: The New Drugs for GramPositive Germs

6.1.1. Classification
6.1.2. Action Mechanism
6.1.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
6.1.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
6.1.5. Therapeutic Uses
6.1.6. Adverse Effects
6.1.7. Presentation and Dosage

6.2. Cyclic Lipopeptides: Recent Advances and its Future Role

6.2.1. Classification
6.2.2. Action Mechanism
6.2.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
6.2.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
6.2.5. Therapeutic Uses
6.2.6. Adverse Effects
6.2.7. Presentation and Dosage

6.3. Macrolides: Their Role as an Immunomodulator in the Respiratory System

6.3.1. Classification
6.3.2. Action Mechanism
6.3.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
6.3.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
6.3.5. Therapeutic Uses
6.3.6. Adverse Effects
6.3.7. Presentation and Dosage

6.4. Ketolides

6.4.1. Classification
6.4.2. Action Mechanism
6.4.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
6.4.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
6.4.5. Therapeutic Uses
6.4.6. Adverse Effects
6.4.7. Presentation and Dosage

6.5. Tetracyclines: Old and New Indications According to the Most Recent Advances in Emerging Diseases

6.5.1. Classification
6.5.2. Action Mechanism
6.5.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
6.5.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
6.5.5. Therapeutic Uses
6.5.6. Adverse Effects
6.5.7. Presentation and Dosage

6.6. Aminoglycosides: Facts and Realities of their Current and Future Utilization

6.6.1. Classification
6.6.2. Action Mechanism
6.6.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
6.6.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
6.6.5. Current Therapeutic Uses and Future Trends
6.6.6. Adverse Effects
6.6.7. Presentation and Dosage

6.7. Quinolones: All Generations and Practical Use

6.7.1. Classification
6.7.2. Action Mechanism
6.7.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
6.7.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
6.7.5. Therapeutic Uses
6.7.6. Adverse Effects
6.7.7. Presentation and Dosage

6.8. Respiratory Quinolones: Latest Recommendations on their Use

6.8.1. Classification
6.8.2. Action Mechanism
6.8.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
6.8.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
6.8.5. Therapeutic Uses
6.8.6. Adverse Effects
6.8.7. Presentation and Dosage

6.9. Streptogramins

6.9.1. Classification
6.9.2. Action Mechanism
6.9.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
6.9.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
6.9.5. Therapeutic Uses
6.9.6. Adverse Effects
6.9.7. Presentation and Dosage

Module 7. Antibiotics III

7.1. Oxazolidinones

7.1.1. Classification
7.1.2. Action Mechanism
7.1.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
7.1.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
7.1.5. Therapeutic Uses
7.1.6. Adverse Effects
7.1.7. Presentation and Dosage

7.2. Sulfas

7.2.1. Classification
7.2.2. Action Mechanism
7.2.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
7.2.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
7.2.5. Therapeutic Uses
7.2.6. Adverse Effects
7.2.7. Presentation and Dosage

7.3. Lincosamides

7.3.1. Classification
7.3.2. Action Mechanism
7.3.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
7.3.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
7.3.5. Therapeutic Uses
7.3.6. Adverse Effects
7.3.7. Presentation and Dosage

7.4. Rifamycins: Practical Use in TB and Other Infections Today

7.4.1. Classification
7.4.2. Action Mechanism
7.4.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
7.4.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
7.4.5. Therapeutic Uses
7.4.6. Adverse Effects
7.4.7. Presentation and Dosage

7.5. Antifolates

7.5.1. Classification
7.5.2. Action Mechanism
7.5.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
7.5.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
7.5.5. Therapeutic Uses
7.5.6. Adverse Effects
7.5.7. Presentation and Dosage

7.6. Antibiotics for Leprosy: Recent Advances

7.6.1. Classification
7.6.2. Action Mechanism
7.6.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
7.6.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
7.6.5. Therapeutic Uses
7.6.6. Adverse Effects
7.6.7. Presentation and Dosage

7.7. Antituberculosis Drugs: Latest Recommendations for their Use

7.7.1. Classification
7.7.2. Action Mechanism
7.7.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
7.7.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
7.7.5. Therapeutic Uses
7.7.6. Adverse Effects
7.7.7. Presentation and Dosage

7.8. Parenteral Antibiotic Use in Outpatients: Latest Recommendations

7.8.1. Main Indications for Parenteral Antibiotics in Outpatients
7.8.2. Monitoring Outpatients Receiving Parenteral Antibiotic Treatment

7.9. The Latest on Antibiotics for Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

7.9.1. Antibiotics for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria
7.9.2. Antibiotics for Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria

Module 8. Antimycotics

8.1. General Elements

8.1.1. Concept
8.1.2. Origins and Development

8.2. Classification

8.2.1. Classification According to Chemical Structure
8.2.2. Classification According to Action: Local and Systemic

8.3. Action Mechanisms

8.3.1. Action Mechanisms of Antifungal Agents

8.4. Systemic Antifungal Agents: News on their Toxicity and their Present and Future Indications

8.4.1. Antimicrobial Spectrum
8.4.2. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
8.4.3. Therapeutic Uses
8.4.4. Adverse Effects
8.4.5. Presentation and Dosage

8.5. Amphotericin B: Novel Concepts in its Use

8.5.1. Action Mechanism
8.5.2. Antimicrobial Spectrum
8.5.3. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
8.5.4. Therapeutic Uses
8.5.5. Adverse Effects
8.5.6. Presentation and Dosage

8.6. Deep Mycosis Treatment: Current Events and Future Perspectives

8.6.1. Aspergillosis
8.6.2. Coccidioidomycosis
8.6.3. Cryptococcosis
8.6.4. Histoplasmosis

8.7. Local Antifungals

8.7.1. Antimicrobial Spectrum
8.7.2. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
8.7.3. Therapeutic Uses
8.7.4. Adverse Effects
8.7.5. Presentation and Dosage

8.8. Treatment of Skin and Mucous Mycosis

8.8.1. Tinea Capitis
8.8.2. Skin Tinea
8.8.3. Onychomycosis

8.9. Liver Toxicity of Systemic Antifungal Agents: Future Challenges

8.9.1. Liver Metabolism of Antifungal Agents
8.9.2. Hepatotoxicity of Antifungal Agents

Module 9. Antiparasitics II

9.1. General Elements

9.1.1. Concept
9.1.2. Origins and Development

9.2. Classification

9.2.1. Classification by Chemical Structure
9.2.2. Classification by Action Against Different Parasites

9.3. Action Mechanisms

9.3.1. Action Mechanisms of Antiparasitics

9.4. Antiparasitics for Intestinal Parasitism: New Advances

9.4.1. Classification
9.4.2. Action Mechanism
9.4.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
9.4.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
9.4.5. Therapeutic Uses
9.4.6. Adverse Effects
9.4.7. Presentation and Dosage

9.5. Antimalarials: Latest WHO Recommendations

9.5.1. Classification
9.5.2. Action Mechanism
9.5.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
9.5.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
9.5.5. Therapeutic Uses
9.5.6. Adverse Effects
9.5.7. Presentation and Dosage

9.6. Update on Antiparasitics for Filariasis

9.6.1. Classification
9.6.2. Action Mechanism
9.6.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
9.6.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
9.6.5. Therapeutic Uses
9.6.6. Adverse Effects
9.6.7. Presentation and Dosage

9.7. Latest Advances in Antiparasitics for Trypanosomiasis

9.7.1. Classification
9.7.2. Action Mechanism
9.7.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
9.7.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
9.7.5. Therapeutic Uses
9.7.6. Adverse Effects
9.7.7. Presentation and Dosage

9.8. Antiparasitics for Schistosomiasis

9.8.1. Classification
9.8.2. Action Mechanism
9.8.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
9.8.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
9.8.5. Therapeutic Uses
9.8.6. Adverse Effects
9.8.7. Presentation and Dosage

9.9. Antiparasitics for Leishmaniasis

9.9.1. Classification
9.9.2. Action Mechanism
9.9.3. Antimicrobial Spectrum
9.9.4. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
9.9.5. Therapeutic Uses
9.9.6. Adverse Effects
9.9.7. Presentation and Dosage

9.10. Treatment of Other Less Common Parasitosis

9.10.1. Dracunculosis
9.10.2. Hydatid Cyst
9.10.3. Other Tissue Parasites

Module 10. Antibiotic Resistance

10.1. Emergence and Development of Antibiotic Resistance

10.1.1. Concept
10.1.2. Classification
10.1.3. Origins and Development

10.2. Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms: An Update

10.2.1. Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms
10.2.2. New Resistance Mechanisms

10.3. Staphylococcal Resistance: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

10.3.1. Evolution of Staphylococcal Resistance
10.3.2. Staphylococcal Resistance Mechanisms

10.4. Resistance of Gram-Positive Germs: Latest Recommendations

10.4.1. Evolution and Resistance of Gram-Positive Germs
10.4.2. Resistance Mechanisms of Gram-Positive Germs

10.5. Resistance of Gram-Negative Germs: Current Clinical Implications

10.5.1. Evolution of Gram-Negative Germ Resistance
10.5.2. Resistance Mechanisms of Gram-Negative Germs

10.6. Virus Resistance

10.6.1. Evolution of Virus Resistance
10.6.2. Virus Resistance Mechanisms

10.7. Fungal Resistance

10.7.1. Evolution of Fungal Resistance
10.7.2. Fungal Resistance Mechanisms

10.8. Parasite Resistance: An Emerging Problem

10.8.1. Evolution of Parasite Resistance
10.8.2. Mechanisms of Parasite Resistance
10.8.3. Resistance to Antimalarials

10.9. New Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and Superbugs

10.9.1. Emergence and Progression of Superbugs
10.9.2. New Resistance Mechanisms of Superbugs

10.10. Antibiotic Resistance Control Mechanisms and Programs

10.10.1. Antibiotic Resistance Control Strategies
10.10.2. Global Program and International Experiences in the Control of Antibiotic Resistance

Module 11. Monitoring and Controlling the Use of Antimicrobials

11.1. Antibiotic Treatment Duration in the Treatment of Infections: New Role of Biomarkers

11.1.1. Update on the Adequate Duration of the Most Frequent Infections
11.1.2. Clinical and Laboratory Parameters to Determine the Duration of Treatment

11.2. Antimicrobial Usage Studies: Most Recent Impacts

11.2.1. The Significance of Antimicrobial Usage Studies
11.2.2. Results of Greater Impact in Recent Years by Antimicrobial Usage Studies

11.3. Antibiotic Committees in Hospitals: Their Role in the Future

11.3.1. Structure and Operation
11.3.2. Objectives
11.3.3. Activities
11.3.4. Impacts

11.4. Antimicrobial Use Policies: Current Impact on Antimicrobial Use

11.4.1. Concepts
11.4.2. Types of Policies
11.4.3. Objectives
11.4.4. Impacts

11.5. Pharmacotherapeutic Committees: Practical Importance

11.5.1. Structure and Function
11.5.2. Objectives
11.5.3. Activities
11.5.4. Impacts

11.6. Infectious Disease Specialists and their Role in the Rational Use of Antimicrobials

11.6.1. Functions and Activities of Infectious Disease Specialists to Promote and Encourage the Rational Use of Antimicrobials

11.7. Impact of Training and Professional Development on Antimicrobial Usage

11.7.1. Importance of Training and Professional Development
11.7.2. Types
11.7.3. Impacts

11.8. Hospital Strategies for Rational Antimicrobial Use: What the Evidence Says

11.8.1. Hospital Strategies for the Control of the Rational Use of Antimicrobials
11.8.2. Impacts

11.9. Scientific Research for the Future Control and Monitoring of Antibiotic Therapy in Patients with Sepsis

11.9.1. Search for New Parameters and Markers for Monitoring and Control of Antibiotic Therapeutics

Module 12. Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Treatments of the Future

12.1. Research, Approval, and Commercialization of New Antibiotics

12.1.1. Antimicrobial Research
12.1.2. Antimicrobial Approval Process
12.1.3. Antimicrobial Marketing and Large Pharmaceutical Companies

12.2. Ongoing Clinical Trials for the Approval of New Antibiotics

12.2.1. New Clinical Trials on Antimicrobials

12.3. Old Antibiotics with New Uses

12.3.1. The Role of Old Antibiotics with New Uses
12.3.2. Antimicrobial Withdrawal
12.3.3. Chemical Alterations of Old Antimicrobials

12.4. Treatment Goals and New Ways to Fight Infections: What's New in Research

12.4.1. New Treatment Goals
12.4.2. New Ways to Treat Sepsis

12.5. Monoclonal Antibodies in Infections: Present and Future

12.5.1. Origin and Emergence of Monoclonal Antibodies
12.5.2. Classification
12.5.3. Clinical Uses
12.5.4. Impact Results in Infectious Diseases

12.6. Other Drugs to Regulate and Stimulate Immune Response against Infection

12.6.1. Drugs to Regulate and Control the Immune Response

12.7. Futuristic Antibiotics

12.7.1. The Future of Antimicrobials
12.7.2. Antibiotics of the Future

Approach the process of production, development and approval of new antibiotics, knowing the protocols stipulated by international organizations"